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Objective As a widely used instrument for patients with extremity sarcoma, the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) has never been cross-culturally adapted for Chinese population. The objective of our study was to investigate the comprehensibility, reliability and validity of the Chinese version of TESS for use in patients with extremity sarcoma. Methods A consensus version of the Chinese TESS was developed under the review of a committee according to international guidelines. 64 patients were recruited to complete the Chinese TESS, the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) Rating Scale, and the Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (QLQ-C30). Reliability was assessed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s α. Validity was assessed with Pearson’s correlation between the similar domains of the two questionnaires. Results The ICCs for the test–retest reliability was 0.932 for the upper extremity questionnaire and 0.893 for lower extremity questionnaire, respectively. The Cronbach’s α was 0.953 for the lower extremity questionnaire and 0.921 for the upper extremity questionnaire, respectively. Convergent validity of the TESS based on Pearson correlation coefficients indicated significantly moderate to high correlations between the TESS and the MSTS as well as the QLQ-C30, with r ranging from 0.535 to 0.782. Conclusions The Chinese TESS is a comprehensible, reliable, and valid instrument that can be utilized for future cross-cultural international studies of extremity sarcoma.

(S, *) is a semigroup S equipped with a unary operation "*". This work is devoted to a class of unary semigroups, namely E- *-. A unary semigroup (S, *) is called an E-inversive *-semigroup if the following identities hold: , , . In this paper, E-inversive *-semigroups are characterized by several methods. Furthermore, congruences on these semigroups are also studied.

A series of proline-derived C 1 -symmetric chiral tetradentate N ligands and their manganese complexes have been synthesized and characterized. Their applications in enantioselective epoxidations of α,β-enones were explored reaching good yields and up to 71% ee at room temperature.

A comparative study.To investigate the difference of disc and vertebral wedging between patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and Chiari malformation-associated scoliosis (CMS).The wedging of disc and vertebral wedging of AIS are well investigated. However, the comparison of that wedging between AIS and CMS is not found in the literature.This study included 35 cases of AIS and 31 cases of CMS. The disc and vertebral wedging was measured by Cobb method. The percentage of single disc and vertebral wedging in the whole thoracic or lumbar curve was calculated. The difference between disc and vertebral wedging, the apical vertebra and average adjacent vertebrae wedging, the apical discs and adjacent discs wedging in the same curve location, same diagnosis and similar Cobb angle group was compared. The difference of disc or vertebral wedging between AIS and CMS, Cobb angle60 degrees and ≥60 degrees was also compared. The correlation between the apical vertebral wedging angle and Cobb angle was performed by Pearson correlation analysis.The difference between disc and vertebral wedging in the same curve location, same diagnosis, and similar Cobb angle group was statistically significant (P0.05). No significant difference of the disc or vertebral wedging was found between AIS and CMS in the same curve location and the similar Cobb angle group (P0.05). No significant difference of the disc or vertebral wedging was found between Cobb angle60 degrees and ≥60 degrees groups in the same curve location and the same diagnosis (P0.05). There was a positive correlation between the apical vertebra wedging angle and Cobb angle in AIS patients and CMS patients. The wedging of apical vertebra and disc was more than that in the adjacent disc and vertebra in the same curve.The relative wedging of intervertebral disc and vertebrae with AIS patients is similar to that of scoliosis with known cause (CMS). The wedging of discs and vertebrae in AIS patients may be an adaptive change secondary to some extravertebral factors.

SummaryThiostrepton (TSR), often referred as to a parent compound in the thiopeptide family, is a bimacrocyclic member that features a quinaldic acid (QA) moiety-containing side ring appended to the characteristic core system. QA biosynthesis requires an unusual ring-expanding conversion, showing a methyl transfer onto and a rearrangement of the indole part of L-tryptophan to give a quinoline ketone. Herein, we report that the process involves the activities of the radical methyltransferase TsrT, aminotransferase TsrA, dehydrogenase TsrE, and cyclase TsrD. TsrU, a stereospecific oxidoreductase, catalyzes the further conversion of the ketone into an enantiomerically pure S-alcohol. Elucidation of this chemistry, which is common in the biosynthesis of a number of thiopeptides sharing a QA side ring system, facilitates analog generation, as shown by the achievement of region-specific fluorination of thiostrepton with the improved antibacterial activity.

A series of magnetic nanoparticles of ferrite complex oxides were simply prepared by using a citric acid complex method and characterized by using XRD, FT-IR spectroscopy, TEM, the BET nitrogen adsorption/desorption technique, and a vibrating sample magnetometer. The magnetic nanoparticles were used for the N-arylation of nitrogen nucleophiles to form new C N bonds. CuFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles calcined at 850 °C exhibited the best activity with moderate to excellent yields under ligand-free conditions. Notably, CuFe 2 O 4 is completely recoverable with an external magnet and can be reused eight times without significant loss of catalytic activity.

A series of Mn-complexes with tetradentate N 4 ligands, introducing aromatic groups into 2-pyridylmethyl positions of N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine ( mep ), N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)cyclohexane- trans -diamine ( mcp ), have been synthesized and applied for epoxidation of olefins using H 2 O 2 as the oxidant. The Mn-complexes still possessed an octahedral mononuclear structure in a cis -α topology. These complexes showed good regioselectivity, high yields and turnover frequency (even up to 228,000 h −1 ) with low catalyst loading (0.1–0.01 mol%) for epoxidation of a family of olefins (including internal aromatic olefins, internal and terminal aliphatic olefins and diolefins).

the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21073210;21133011)

Chiral bioinspired iron complexes of N4 ligands based on the ethylenediamine backbone display remarkable levels of enantioselectivity for the first time in the asymmetric epoxidation of a,beta-unsaturated ketones using hydrogen peroxide (up to 87 parts per thousand ee) or peracetic acid as oxidant, respectively. Notablely, isotopic labeling with H218O strongly demonstrated that there is a reversible water binding step prior to generation of the significant intermediate. Besides, the complex [L2Fe(III)2(mu-O)(mu-CH3CO2)]3+ usually derived from the decay of the LFe(IV)?O species or thermodynamic sinks for a number of iron complexes was identified by HR-MS. In addition, the possible mechanisms were proposed and LFe(V)?O species may be the main active intermediate in the catalytic system.

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the association of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) with metastasis and prognosis of osteosarcoma patients. Methods RT-PCR and Western blot assays were performed to detect IGF-1R mRNA and protein expression in 26 osteosarcoma and noncancerous bone tissues. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the correlation of IGF-1R expression in 84 osteosarcoma tissues with clinicopathological factors or survival of patients. Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference system was employed to downregulate IGF-1R expression and analyze the effects of IGF-1R downregulation on invasion and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells. Results The relative levels of IGF-1R mRNA and protein expression were significantly higher in osteosarcoma tissues than in corresponding noncancerous bone tissues. The expression of IGF-1R protein was closely associated with surgical stage and distant metastasis of osteosarcoma patients. Osteosarcoma patients with high IGF-1R expression had poorer survival, and multivariate Cox analyses showed that high IGF-1R expression was an independent prognostic maker. Lentivirus-mediated targeting IGF-1R could significantly inhibit adhesion, migration, invasion, and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells, which might be correlated with of inactivation of Akt signaling pathway. Conclusions IGF-1R is an independent prognostic marker for osteosarcoma patients and increased expression of this molecular is correlated with metastasis of osteosarcoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:235–243. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

A dimeric salen ligand derived from L-tartaric acid was synthesized through linking two salen units with 1,6-dibromohexane. The corresponding Ti complex was proved to be an efficient catalyst for asymmetric addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to aldehydes, providing the corresponding optically active trimethylsilyl ether of cyanohydrins with moderate to good enantiomeric excesses and excellent yields under relatively low catalyst loading condition.

A series of biaryl-bridged salalen ligands together with their titanium complexes have been designed and synthesized. The Ti complexes could serve as highly efficient catalysts for the asymmetric epoxidation of a wide range of olefins, giving the corresponding epoxides with high ee values.

New bifunctional N-oxide salen―Ti IV complexes and a pyrrolidine salen―Ti IV complex in combination with achiral N-oxide were developed and applied to the asymmetric addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to aldehydes. Notably, both enantiomers of trimethylsilyl ethers of cyanohydrins could be easily prepared by modifying the catalysts employed in this reaction, which are based on the same chiral diamine collar derived from L-tartaric acid. The products were obtained generally with moderate to good enantiomeric excesses and excellent yields by using relatively low catalyst loadings and only 1.05 equivalents of trimethylsilylcyanide (TMSCN).

Variant rs7034162 in NFIB was reported to be associated with metastasis of osteosarcoma in European cases with genome-wide significance. Our purpose was to replicate the association of rs7034162 with the metastasis of osteosarcoma in the Chinese population and to further characterize the expression level of NFIB in osteosarcoma tissues. A total of 321 patients were included in this study. Variant rs7034162 was genotyped for each patient using the Taqman genotyping assay. Fifty-two cases of tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected during surgery. The χ2test was used to investigate the association of rs7034162 with the metastasis of osteosarcoma. The Student t test was used to compare the gene expression between patients with metastasis and those without metastasis. The messenger RNA expression level of NFIB was then compared among different genotypes of rs7034162 with 1-way analysis of variance test. Ninety-three patients were found to have metastasis. Patients with genotype AA had remarkably higher incidence of metastasis than those with genotype TT (34.4% vs 17.1%, P = .002). Patients with metastasis were found to have significantly higher rate of allele A than those without metastasis (53.2% vs 43.9%, P = .03). The messenger RNA expression of NFIB was significantly lower in tumor tissues of patients with metastasis than in those without metastasis (0.00035 ± 0.00017 vs 0.00063 ± 0.0025, P < .001). Compared to patients with genotype TT, those with genotype AA had remarkably decreased expression of NFIB (0.00033 ± 0.0014 vs 0.00067 ± 0.00037, P = .01). Single-nucleotide polymorphism rs7034162 was associated with metastasis of osteosarcoma in the Chinese population possibly via downregulation of NFIB. Further network analyses revealing the related pathways can help elucidate the molecular mechanism of distant metastasis in patients with osteosarcoma.

Best results are achieved with iodides whereby, substrates with electron-withdrawing groups like the nitro derivative (Ib) give the desired products even in the absence of the catalyst system.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of uni- and polyaxial locking osteosynthesis systems in the management of proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients, totally 76 cases were reviewed including 18 cases of two-part (Neer classification), 36 cases of three-part, and 22 cases of four-part fractures. All the patients received open reduction and internal fixation with proximal humerus internal locking osteosynthesis system (PHILOS) or Numelock systems designed for proximal humerus. Results showed no significant difference between groups considering the Constant–Murley scores assessed at 6 and 12 months, postoperatively. Satisfactory outcomes were achieved in 73.7 and 75.0% of the patients from the PHILOS and Numelock groups, respectively. Complications included four cases of varus malunion, one case of screw cut-out, and another case of avascular necrosis. Both of the PHILOS and Numelock systems showed equally good results considering fixation stability and functional outcomes of proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients.

A new type of chiral tridentate ligands were prepared and their Zn complexes were examined for the asymmetric Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles with nitroalkenes, which gave rise to good yields and moderate enantioselectivities.

Two new tetradentate ligands derived from salen have been prepared and their titanium complexes are used as chiral catalysts in the enantioselective silylcyanation of aldehydes, which give the silyl ethers of cyanohydrins in moderate to good enantiomeric excesses.

The overexpression of the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) has been reported to be associated with malignant transformation, tumor development and chemo- or radioresistance of tumor cells. Previously, we have reported that inhibition of IGF-1R could reverse the radioresistance of human osteosarcoma cells. However, whether inhibition of IGF-1R could enhance chemosensitivity of ostesosarcoma cells is unclear. In this study, lentivirus-mediated shRNA was employed to downregulate endogenous IGF-1R expression to study the function of IGF-1R in chemoresistance of osteosarcoma cells. Results showed that lentivirus-mediated shRNA targeting IGF-1R combined with chemotherapy (CDDP or DTX) could lead to growth suppression of osteosarcoma cells not only in vitro but also in vivo. Moreover, inhibition of IGF-1R gene combined with chemotherapy also synergistically enhanced Caspase-3-mediated apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. The synergistical enhancement of apoptosis might be associated with downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax in osteosarcoma cells induced by IGF-1R inhibition. Therefore, the overexpression of IGF-1R gene might play important roles in chemoresistance of osteosarcoma cells, and lentivirus-mediated RNAi targeting IGF-1R would be an attractive anti-cancer strategy to chemosensitization of osteosarcoma cell.

A series of chiral salan (salalen) ligands, easily prepared from the aldehyde derived from chiral binaphthol, are effective ligands for the titanium-catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation of olefins with aqueous H2O2 as the oxidant. One of the titanium–salan complexes was determined by X-ray crystallography.

The different expression of type X collagen and Runx2 between the convex and concave side of vertebral growth plate in scoliosis may help to improve our understanding of the role that growth plate tissue play in the development or progression of idiopathic scoliosis. In this investigation, there were significant differences of the total expression of type X collagen, Runx2 protein, and Runx2 mRNA between convex side and concave side growth plates of the apex vertebrae (p0.05). The total expression of type X collagen in the concave side growth plates of the lower end vertebrae was higher than that in the same side growth plates of apex (p0.05). The total expression of Runx2 in the concave side growth plates in the upper and lower end vertebrae were higher than that in the concave side growth plates of apex (p0.05). The expression of type X collagen, Runx2, and Runx2 mRNA, the cell density of type X collagen and Runx2 positive chondrocytes, and histological changes between convex side and concave side of the vertebral growth plate indicated that the vertebral growth plate was affected by mechanical forces, which was a secondary change and could contribute to progression of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

The use of (NHC)CuI complex in combination with a N-heterocyclic carbene precursor as catalyst for the double carbonylation of aryl Iodides and secondary amines solves the problem of using the precious metal Pd and phosphine ligands. The new protocol requires a nonprecious metal catalyst and has greater generality than those previously reported.

STUDY DESIGN A retrospective study. OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence of neurologic deficits after scoliosis correction at 1 institution and identify the risk factors for such deficits in scoliosis correction. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Neurologic deficit is one of the risks of surgical correction of scoliosis. Reports of the incidence of the neurologic deficits involving a large number of cases at 1 institution are rare. METHODS Statistical analysis of the neurologic deficits was performed in 1373 scoliosis cases treated at 1 institution by etiologies in light of the patients' sex, age, sagittal profile, surgical approach, Cobb's angle, and the type of surgery. RESULTS The total incidence of neurologic deficits was 1.89% and that of serious and mild ones was 0.51% and 1.38%, respectively. The total incidence of neurologic deficits were 1.06% in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients and 2.89% in congenital scoliosis (CS) patients, 3.32% in scoliosis patients with hyperkyphosis (>40 degrees ) and 1.38% in those without hyperkyphosis, 3.43% for combined procedures and 1.24% for single posterior procedures, 3.69% in patients with Cobb's angle more than 90 degrees and 1.45% in those with an angle less than 90 degrees , 1.68% with primary surgery and 5.97% with revision surgery, the difference between them was significant (P < 0.05). In adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients, the incidence were 3.85% for combined procedures and 0.64% for posterior procedure, 0.82% with primary surgery and 8.33% with revision surgery, 4.17% with hyperkyphosis and 0.61% without hyperkyphosis, the difference between them was significant (P < 0.05). The incidence of CS patients with Cobb's angle more or less than 90 degrees were 7.23% and 1.68% and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In surgical correction of scoliosis, the risk factors for neurologic deficits include CS, scoliosis with hyperkyphosis, scoliosis correction by combined procedures, scoliosis with a Cobb's angle more than 90 degrees , and a revision surgery.

Poly(lactic acid) was synthesized from cheap, commercially available aqueous lactic acid (85–90% w/w) with e-caprolactam and SnCl2·2H2O as catalysts in the absence of organic solvents. As a result, poly(lactic acid) with a molecular weight of 50,000 and a yield of 87–94% was prepared in 16 h. The new procedure is quite simple and cheap. The starting material is renewable aqueous lactic acid. The effects of the amount of the catalyst, the reaction temperature, and the reaction time on the polymerization were investigated in detail. The polymers obtained by e-caprolactam and SnCl2·2H2O were characterized with gel permeation chromatography, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007

To inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of colon cancer cells by increasing the expression level of B-cell translocation gene-2 (BTG2).Western blot assay was used to detect the expression level of BTG2 protein in the normal intestinal epithelial HIEC cells and three colon cancer cell lines SW620, HT-29 and LS174T. The expression of BTG2 protein in normal colonic epithelial tissue, colon adenoma and colon cancer tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. The plasmid with BTG2 gene full-length sequence was transfected into colon cancer SW620 cells, and the expression of BTG2 protein was detected by Western blot. The cell growth curve was drawn by MTT test. The Ki-67-positive rate was calculated using immunofluorescence staining. The cell migration of colon cancer cells was detected by scratch test and Transwell double chamber culture system, and the pseudopodia growth of tumor cells was detected by Matrigel 3D culture system.Western blot results showed that BTG2 relative expression levels were 0.83 ± 0.12, 0.18 ± 0.04, 0.20 ± 0.05 and 0.36 ± 0.07 in normal human intestinal epithelial cells HIEC, and human colon cancer cell line SW620, HT-29 and LS174T, respectively. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the positive expression of BTG2 protein in normal colorectal tissue, colorectal adenoma and colorectal carcinoma tissues were 82.5% (33/40), 77.5%(31/40) and 17.5% (7/40), respectively, with a significant difference between two groups (P0.05). Immunofluorescence results showed that the positive rate of Ki-67 in the control group, empty vector group and BTG2 transfection group was (76.2 ± 8.0)%, (81.4 ± 9.7)% and (50.1 ± 7.1)%, respectively, showing a significant difference between two groups (P0.05). The scratch test results showed that in the control group, empty vector group and BTG2 transfection group, the distance of SW620 cells between two sides was (79.27 ± 11.24) µm, (80.65 ± 12.17) µm and (124.77 ± 19.63) µm, respectively, with a significant difference between two groups (P0.05). Transwell results showed that in the control group, empty plasmid group and BTG2 transfection group, the SW620 cell migration rate was (78.5 ± 13.1)%, (73.2 ± 12.9)% and (47.4 ± 9.1)%, respectively, showing a significant difference between two groups (P0.05). The number of neurospheres of BTG2 transfection group was decreased SW620, which had poor ductility.BTG2 gene is involved in colon cancer cell proliferation and metastasis, and effectively restores the function of BTG2 protein. Therefore, it may be expected to become a new option in gene therapy for colon cancer.

Glycosylation is a posttranslational modification occurring in many secreted and membrane-associated proteins in eukaryotes. It plays important roles in both physiological and pathological processes. Most of these protein modifications depend on UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. In this study, a T-DNA insertional rice (Oryza sativa) mutant exhibiting a temperature-sensitive defect in root elongation was isolated. Genetic and molecular analysis indicated that the mutated phenotype was caused by loss of function of a gene encoding a glucosamine-6-P acetyltransferase (designated OsGNA1), which is involved in de novo UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthesis. The aberrant root morphology of the gna1 mutant includes shortening of roots, disruption of microtubules, and shrinkage of cells in the root elongation zone. Our observations support the idea that protein glycosylation plays a key role in cell metabolism, microtubule stabilization, and cell shape in rice roots.

Chiral N -oxide salen ligands and their corresponding Al complexes were synthesized. Notably, the catalytic activity and asymmetric induction ability of the bifunctional N -oxide salen-Al for asymmetric cyanosilylation were compared with that of bi-component catalyst system including chiral pyrrolidine salen–Al complex and Ph 3 PO. Interestingly, introducing N -oxide group in salen unit could enhance the activity and enantioselectivity of bifunctional catalyst without further adding Ph 3 PO as co-catalyst and inverse configurations were generated from the two systems. In addition, excellent yields and high ee values could be obtained under milder conditions in bifunctional catalyst system compared with that of bi-component catalyst system.

In this paper, we introduce the concept of strongly torsion property of semigroups. Then we prove that the strongly torsion property of a semigroup is a necessary and sufficient condition for a finitely generated semigroup to be finite, and hence, the strongly torsion property is equivalent to the torsion property together with the permutation property for the class of finitely generated semigroups. Finally, we give an application of our main result to language theory. A question proposed in [H. Prodinger, Congruences defined by languages and filters, Inf. Control 44 (1980) 36–46] is consequently answered.

Background Abnormal longitudinal growth has been identified in the early pubertal stage of idiopathic scoliosis (IS) and is thought to contribute to the development of scoliosis. This phenotype may be caused by abnormal endochondral ossification, but histological evidence is lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is abnormal endochondral ossification in IS patients at early stage of puberty by histomorphometric analysis of their iliac cartilage. Methods Fifty-two patients with IS and 19 controls were recruited and grouped according to their Risser grade (Group A: Risser grade 0 with Oxford stage 2–3; Group B: Risser grade 2). Group A consisted of 20 IS patients (mean age: 12.3 years) and 9 controls (mean age: 12.0 years), while Group B included 32 IS patients (mean age: 13.8 years) and 10 controls (mean age: 13.7 years). Biopsies of the iliac cartilage were harvested intra-operatively and prepared using routine histological methods. Histomorphometric analysis was performed to quantify the thickness of the hypertrophic zone, the area and number of chondrocytes in the cell-nest, and the number of chondrocytes in the proliferative zone using Image-Pro Plus software. Results In Group A, a significantly thicker hypertrophic zone and larger cell-nest area and number of cells within the cell-nest, and in the proliferative zone, were found in iliac cartilages from IS patients compared with those of controls (all P

The cobalt–salen complex (C1:[(salen)Co3+(OAc)]; salen= N,N′-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine, OAc=acetate) was found to efficiently promote the hydration of terminal alkynes to give methyl ketones in the presence of the H2SO4 cocatalyst. In addition, the one-pot transformation of alkynes into chiral alcohols through tandem catalysis by catalyst C1 coupled with a ruthenium–TsDPEN complex (C3: [(R,R-TsDPEN)Ru2+(cymene)]; TsDPEN=(1R,2R)-N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine, cymene=1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)benzene) catalyst was realized with excellent yields and enantioselectivities.

Dystrophic scoliosis secondary to Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) may predispose to rib penetration into the spinal canal. No clear consensus was established regarding whether or not to resect the compressing rib head during correction maneuvers. The purpose of this study was to present imaging quantification of the migration of intraspinal-dislocated rib head in order to assess the extraction degree of dislocated rib heads and the associated influencing factors. Imaging data of NF1 scoliotic patients with intraspinal rib head dislocation from March 1998 to April 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. The location and migration of the rib head were evaluated in a spinal canal-based coordinate system to calculate their pre- and postoperative vector coordinates. Differences in multiple parameters representative of rib head position were compared by paired sample t test. We also explored whether correction of vertebral rotation and translation could contribute to the extraction of intra-canal rib head by linear regression analysis. The incidence of apical convex rib head penetration into the canal was 15.9 % (23/145). Only 14.8 % of the dislocated rib heads invaded into the concave half-circle of the spinal canal, which was reduced to 3.7 % postoperatively. The directions of rib head migration were mostly toward the anterior convex quadrant of the spinal canal (70.4 %). Paired sample t tests revealed significant reduction in intraspinal rib length (9.2 ± 3.6 vs. 5.2 ± 3.6 mm, p

Precluding the out of date spectrum hole is quite essential for cognitive spectrum sensing. Key factors in this problem include the primary users' activity in time domain and the spectrum sensing triggers, etc. The Primary Spectrum Availability Sensing for Cognitive Radio is proposed in this paper. Renewal theory is introduced to derive the instant availability and the sensing cost. Numerical studies prove that the probability of up to date sensing result decreases and the sensing cost rises along with the time.

A benzimidazole-based nonheme manganese complex efficiently catalyzes benzylic, aliphatic C–H as well as tertiary C–H oxidation with hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant in the presence of acetic acid as additive. 18O labeling experiments suggest the reaction may proceed via a high-valent manganese-oxo intermediate.

To enhance the therapeutic effects and decrease the adverse effects of arsenic on the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, we investigated the co-effects of selenite (Se4+) and arsenite (As3+) on the apoptosis and differentiation of NB4 cells and primary APL cells. A 1.0-μM concentration of Se4+ prevented the cells from undergoing As3+-induced apoptosis by inhibiting As3+ uptake, eliminating As3+-generated reactive oxygen species, and repressing the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway. However, 4.0 μM Se4+ exerted synergistic effects with As3+ on cell apoptosis by promoting As3+ uptake, downregulating nuclear factor-кB, and activating caspase-3. In addition to apoptosis, 1.0 and 3.2 μM Se4+ showed contrasting effects on As3+-induced differentiation in NB4 cells and primary APL cells. The 3.2 μM Se4+ enhanced As3+-induced differentiation by promoting the degradation of promyelocytic leukemia protein–retinoic acid receptor-α (PML–RARα) oncoprotein, but 1.0 μM Se4+ did not have this effect. Based on mechanistic studies, Se4+, which is similar to As3+, might bind directly to Zn2+-binding sites of the PML RING domain, thus controlling the fate of PML–RARα oncoprotein.

The burst of data leads to new requirement for high capacity of communication networks, bringing more activities for the industry. Some institutes public long term traffic forecasts for individual countries or continents even for the world, few of which have their forecasting methods known to the world. However, long term traffic forecasting is important for the industry to form a long-term strategy for communication development. A long term traffic forecast algorithm is proposed in this paper, and a case study of traffic forecast for China in 2020 is represented as a proof for the proposed algorithm.

The 5-endo chlorocycloetherification proceeds rapidly under catalyst-free-conditions to give β-chlorotetrahydrofurans in high yields.

The relationship of bladder cancer with the presence of X-ray cross-complementing group 3(XRCC3) genetic polymorphism Thr241Met has been reported with inconsistent results. The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the association between this polymorphism and bladder cancer susceptibility. A comprehensive research was conducted through PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to Aug. 20, 2013. Pooled odds ratio and 95 % confidence interval were calculated using a fixed or random effects model. Statistical analysis was performed with Stata 12.0 software. Of the 18 case-control studies selected for this meta-analysis, a total of 5,667 bladder cancer cases and 7,609 controls were included. The combined results based on all studies suggested that XRCC3 Thr241Met was associated with bladder cancer risk under homozygote and recessive models. When stratifying for ethnicity, significant association was found in Caucasians under homozygote and recessive models. This meta-analysis suggests that XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism is a risk factor for bladder cancer risk. However, further well-designed studies are required to confirm our findings.

using an easily available quaternary ammonium salt derived from cinchonine as organocatalyst

A novel series of tetradentate N4 ligands is prepared and successfully applied in the Fe-catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation of a diversity of di- and trisubstituted enones.

With the explosive growth of mobile communication and the rapid development of mobile data traffic, many countries around the world began the commercial LTE process. With the further development of LTE, part of the spectrum used by the existing 2G network will be assigned to LTE. It will bring the coexistence interference between LTE and GSM systems, in order to ensure that LTE and GSM systems can both be normally operated, the development of the adjacent channel coexistence protection program is one of the key issues that need to be addressed by refarming technology. In this paper, we deeply study the adjacent channel interference between LTE and GSM systems, put forward the guard-band between the coexistence of different standard of LTE and GSM systems and lay a solid foundation of refarming technology.