Search

The suspension velocity is the core of the cleaning and sorting mechanisms that utilize a combination of a fan and vibrating sieve. To investigate this, various experimental subjects, such as peanuts with different kernels and clay-heavy clods in different states, were used. The experiment involved simulating the suspension velocity of materials through numerical calculations using fluid dynamics and particle discrete element coupling. The Eularian model was employed to study the coupled gas-solid two-phase flow. The experiment measured the suspension velocities of single and double kernel peanuts, which were found to be 8.34~9.40 m/s and 8.13~9.51 m/s, respectively. Under 20.4% water content and lumpy conditions, the suspension velocities of smaller clods, side by side clods, and larger clods were 12.61~14.30 m/s, 14.16~15.76 m/s and 16.44~18.72 m/s, respectively; under 20.4% water content and smaller clods, the suspension velocities of lumpy and strip of clods were 12.61~14.30 m/s, 11.90~14.13 m/s, respectively; under lumpy and smaller clods, the suspension velocity at 17.6%, 20.4%, and 23.9% water content ranged from 12.38 to 14.20 m/s, 12.61 to 14.30 m/s, and 12.62 to 14.49 m/s, respectively. The simulations showed that the suspension velocity for different types of peanuts, clod sizes, shapes, and water contents was less different from the actual experiments. Specifically, the relative errors in suspension velocity for single-kernel peanuts, double-kernel peanuts, smaller clods, side-by-side clods, larger clods, lumpy clods, strips of clods, and clods with 17.3%, 20.4%, and 23.9% water content were 1.2%, 4.1%, 0.4%, 2.0%, 4.4%, 0.4%, 5.1%, 5.4%, 0.4%, and 1.9%, respectively, compared to actual experiment measurements. The results indicate a significant difference in the suspension velocity between peanuts and clay-heavy clods, which can be distinguished from each other based on this difference. Furthermore, the simulation results have been found to be consistent with the experimental results, thus verifying the feasibility of measuring the material suspension velocity using CFD-DEM gas-solid coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

β-carbolines (harman and norharman) are potentially mutagenic and have been reported in some vegetable oils. Sesame seed oil is obtained from roasted sesame seeds. During sesame oil processing, roasting is the key procedure to aroma enhancement, in which β-carbolines are produced. Pressed sesame seed oils cover most market share, while leaching solvents are used to extract oils from the pressed sesame cake to improve the utilization of the raw materials. β-carbolines are nonpolar heterocyclic aromatic amines with good solubility in leaching solvents (n-hexane); therefore, the β-carbolines in sesame cake migrated to the leaching sesame seed oil. The refining procedures are indispensable for leaching sesame seed oil, in which some small molecules can be reduced. Thus, the critical aim is to evaluate the changes in β-carboline content during the refining of leaching sesame seed oil and the key process steps for the removal of β-carbolines. In this work, the levels of β-carbolines (harman and norharman) in sesame seed oil during chemical refining processes (degumming, deacidification, bleaching and deodorization) have been determined using solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The results indicated that in the entire refining process, the levels of total β-carbolines greatly decreased, and the adsorption decolorization was the most effective process in reducing β-carbolines, which might be related to the adsorbent used in the decolorization process. In addition, the effects of adsorbent type, adsorbent dosage and blended adsorbent on β-carbolines in sesame seed oil during the decolorization process were investigated. It was concluded that oil refining can not only improve the quality of sesame seed oil, but also reduce most of the harmful β-carbolines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole / electrostatic field Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of 16 organophosphate esters (OPEs) in water and sediment samples. The water samples were extracted by solid phase extraction (Oasis HLB column) while the sediment samples were ultrasonically extracted using 0.1% formic acid methanol and then purified using Sep-Pak PSA column. The treated samples were separated on a Hypersil Gold-C18 column (1.9 μmx2.1 mmx50 mm) and eluted with 0.2% aqueous formic acid solution and methanol. The detection and analysis were performed in electrospray ionization and dd-MS2 + confirmation, in positive mode. The analyzed 16 OPEs were quantitated by external standard method. The lowest detection limits were 3.10- 116.70 ng/L and the linear correlation coefficients were 0.940 7-0.999 8. The developed method was used to analyze the target compounds in water samples and sediment samples from Luoma Lake. In 21 water samples, the concentrations of ∑16OPEs were in the range of 2.99-1 113.09 ng/L, with a median concentration of 408.68 ng/L and an average concentration of 420.03 ng/L. In 6 sediment samples, the concentration of ∑16OPEs were in the range of 15.70-41.28 ng/g, with an median concentration of 27.06 ng/g and an average concentrations of 27.49 ng/g. Compared with the data reported from other water bodies in China or other countries, the concentrations of OPEs in Luoma Lake were at a median/low level. Ecological risk assessment showed that triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), tri-o-cresyl phosphate (o-TTP), tri-m-tolyl phosphate (m-TTP) and tri-p-tolyl phosphate (p-TTP) could pose medium or high risks to water and sediments in Luoma Lake at some sites [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the Japanese response in terms of innovation capacity and entrepreneurship enhancement under the ever-changing economic environment. Particular focus would go to the interactions among government, industry and universities in the national innovation system at a macro level, and entrepreneurship education at the institutional level. Several key universities were selected for discussion. This article argues that under the urge to supplement the internal research and development capacity of Japanese industry and maintain competitiveness, internationalisation efforts through the strong collaboration among government, universities and industry are essential to further the development of national innovation and entrepreneurship. (Contains 2 figures, 2 tables and 1 note.)