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The purpose of the present work is to establish a one-to-one correspondence between the family of interval type-2 fuzzy reflexive/tolerance approximation spaces and the family of interval type-2 fuzzy closure spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present work is to introduce the concept of bifuzzy core of a fuzzy automaton, which induces a bifuzzy topology on the state-set of this fuzzy automaton. This is shown that this bifuzzy topology can be used to characterize the concepts such as bifuzzy family of submachines, bifuzzy separable family and bifuzzy retrievable family of a fuzzy automaton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The haemolymph biochemical constituents like total protein, free amino acids, trehalose, glycerol and glycogen were estimated in ultimate instar larvae of Daba bivoltine ecorace of tropical tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta Drury in order to differentiate between non-diapause destined (NDD) and diapause destined (DD) generations and also to relate them with preparation for undergoing diapause. During phagoperiod of ultimate instar, presence of protein (35.119 mg/ml), trehalose (7.530 mg/ml) and glycerol (0.084 mg/ml) was significantly higher in males of DD generation than NDD (protein- 6.384mg/ml; trehalose 4.298 mg/ml; glycerol- 0.029mg/ml). Female larvae of DD generation had significantly higher level of protein (8.739 mg/ml), amino acids (4.976mg/ml), trehalose (7.963mg/ml) and glycerol (0.077 mg/ml) than female larvae of DD generation. A comparison between the sexes indicated that NDD male larvae had higher level of free amino acids than female larvae. Male larvae of DD generation had higher level of protein, free amino acids and trehalose than female larvae, while female larvae had higher level of glycerol than male larvae. It was observed that accumulation of trehalose takes place during mid instar phagoperiod in both NDD and DD generation. The level of protein was higher through out the phagoperiod with fluctuations. Concentration of glycogen was lower at the beginning of phagoperiod which gradually increases till it maturates in both the generations. The concentration of glycerol was higher during the beginning of instar and before gut purging. During the spinning period biochemical constituents, especially, amino acids (1.683 mg/ml), trehalose (34.857 mg/ml) and glycerol (240.833 microgram/ml) and glycogen (34.857mg/ml) were significantly higher in the females of DD generation than NDD (amino acids 0.856mg/ml; trehalose 15,858mg/ml; glycogen 3.913mg/ml; glycerol- 0.029mg/ml). DD female larvae had significantly higher level of amino acids (0.1.718mg/ml), glycogen (5.967mg/ ml) and glycerol (246.835 microgram/ml) than male larvae of DD generation. Significantly higher level of amino acid, proteins, trehalose, glycogen and glycerol were present in the haemolymph of males than females during non-diapause destined generation. Higher level of protein, amino acids and glycerol during ultimate instar male and female larvae of DD generation is indicative of their preparation for undergoing diapause in pupal stage as tasar silkworms build up its energy-reserve to skip unfavourable environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tropical tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta Drury (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is one of the commercially exploited non-mulberry silkworm in tropical India. Since time immemorial the aboriginals of India use to rear the silkworms in their natural abode besides collecting bulk of cocoons from the forest area. The diapausing Daba bivoltine pupae remain in facultative pupal diapause state for 7 to 8 months (Nov.-June). During diapause period erratic emergence of moths takes place besides pupal mortality, unsynchronised emergence of male and female moths. It is estimated that tropical tasar silkworm industry is faced with the problem of loss of seed material due to pupal mortality (10-20 %) erratic (10-15 %), un-seasonal (10-20 %) and unsynchronised (10-20 %) emergence. This leads to the losses during seed production and overall production/ productivity. To understand the root cause of these the physiology of diapause needs to be studied at biochemical and molecular level in relation with environmental and nutritional factors responsible for induction and maintenance of diapause among population. Haemolymph is the only medium which caters to the energy reserves for any physiological mechanism in an insect. To explore the physiology of diapause to work out a temperature sensitive diapause termination state, the haemolymph biochemical parameters like glycerol, trehalose, glycogen, quantitative total proteins and free amino acids were estimated through out the pupal diapause period of Daba bivoltine ecorace. It was observed that the level of protein was high through out the diapause period. At the fag end of diapause at 190 to 200 days age of pupae, depletion in the level of protein was observed. The amino acids levels showed a fluctuating trend through out diapause development. Accumulation of glycogen was observed through out diapause period and it went down once pupae attained the age of 190 to 200 days. Resumption in the level of glycogen was observed once adult emergence was nearing by 215 to 220 days. Similarly, through out diapause period the accumulation of Glycerol in the haemolymph was observed which went down when pupae attained the age of 190 to 200 days. Contrary to this, the level of trehalose remained at low through diapause period and went up at 190 to 200 days of age of pupae. These findings indicate that when diapausing pupae of Daba bivoltine pupae attain the age of 195 to 200 days a shift is observed from deeper diapause state to diapause termination. This stage can be exploited for low temperature treatment to regulate the emergence of moths in grainages in order to have more couplings and enhanced egg production. Studies in this direction are under progress. Pupal diapause is mediated by the brain prothracicotropic complex and non-receipt of brain signals in the form PTTH leads to pupal diapause in adverse seasons in insects. Hence through SDS PAGE presence of brain proteins were also studied. It was found that in diapausing generation, in early diapause period (Day 0 to day 15) and mid diapause period (Day 30 to Day 150) and late diapause period (Day 150 to 165) and during termination period of diapause development period (day 180 to day 210) accumulation of four diapause specific proteins having molecular weight range of 80, 46, 38 (female specific), 31 and 18kDa was observed. These proteins were not present in non-diapausing generation. At the fag end of diapause period (after day 195 and at Day 210), the brain proteins profile was alike in both non-diapause and diapause destined generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

External resorption is sequelae of necrotic periodontal membrane over a large area of root following an injury to the tooth. This usually occurs after severe dental injuries such as intrusion, severe luxations or exarticulation injuries complicated by a prolonged extra oral period. This case report presents a clinical and radiographic follow up (13 months) of treatment of inflammatory external root resorption on maxillary central incisor using Vitapex. Gradual healing of resorption was observed radiographically with no tenderness or pathological mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An improved equivalent frame method is pro-posed. It is demonstrated analytically that the equivalent member stiffnesses depend primarily on whether the slab or column is loaded. This conclusion is supported by both numerical and experimental evidence. For the column-loaded case it was found that the column stiffness should be increased. This is contrary to the ACI 318-71 assumption of a re-duced effective stiffness. Using the results of an in-depth numerical analysis of numerous slab-col-umn structures, convenient design curves are pro-vided to obtain equivalent member stiffnesses di-rectly. Comparative results are shown between the current ACI method, the proposed scheme, and the experimental results. The proposed method is found to produce results in close agreement with the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronal fractures of the anterior teeth are a common form of dental trauma that mainly affects children and adolescents. One of the options for managing coronal tooth fractures, when the tooth fragment is available, is reattachment of the dental fragment. Reattachment of fractured fragment can provide good and long lasting esthetics. This is a report of a 9 -year follow-up of a oronal fracture case successfully treated using tooth fragment reattachment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard method for treating gallstone related disease. Despite its widespread and well established application, clear consensus is not arrived at regarding the comparative risks and benefits of acute versus interval cholecystectomy. The complications of this technique are well known, with respect to both the operative intervention and the technique used. This case describes a case of cholecystitis in a 76-year-old man, who underwent acute laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholecystitis refractory to antibiotic therapy. Postoperative complications included subhepatic collections bilaterally, eventually leading to the formation of an enterocutaneous fistula to the left chest wall—a previously undocumented phenomenon. The protracted course of the disease is discussed, with reference to investigations performed and the eventual successful outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the deposition of superconducting YBa[sub 2]Cu[sub 3]O[sub 7-delta] thin films on gallium arsenide(100). Use of yttria-stablized zirconia as a buffer layer; Integration of superconducting and semiconducting devices; Development of hybrid superconducting/semiconducting technology.

In situ pulsed excimer laser processing of high Tc YBa2Cu3O7-δ films on Si (100) substrates with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) buffer layers, has been carried out for the first time using a multitarget deposition system. Both YSZ and YBa2Cu3O7-δ layers were deposited sequentially using a KrF excimer laser (λ=248 nm) at substrate temperature of 650 °C. The morphology and structure of the buffer layers and YBa2Cu3O7-δ films were determined using x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The superconducting transition temperature Tc (onset) of 90 K and Tc0 (zero resistance) of 82 K were achieved for YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin films on Si with YSZ buffer layers. An interesting result of this study was that good quality, highly textured YBa2Cu3O7-δ films with the c axis perpendicular to the substrate could be grown on single crystal as well as polycrystalline textured YSZ layers deposited on silicon substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]