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English historical linguists have often complained about the scholarly neglect of the phonology of the Late Modern English period; yet, the value of pronouncing dictionaries as rich and reliable evidence has been demonstrated (Beal, J. C., 1999, English Pronunciation in the Eighteenth Century: Thomas Spence’s Grand Repository of the English Language (1775). Oxford: Clarendon Press; Jones, C., 2006, English Pronunciation in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan). This article presents a new electronic, searchable database of ‘Eighteenth-Century English Phonology’ (ECEP) which aims to facilitate research on the social, regional, and lexical distribution of phonological variants in 18th-century English, as documented in contemporary pronouncing dictionaries. Taking Wells’ (1982, Accents of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) lexical sets for the vowel system of present-day varieties of English as its reference, the database provides unicode IPA transcriptions for the relevant segment of each word given as an example of lexical (sub)set in his account of standard lexical sets, to which we have added some complementary consonant sets. These will be of use for comparative studies with 19th-century and present-day English. First, we describe the methodology and contents of ECEP: primary source selection, data input and annotation, the web-based interface. Second, we report on two case studies that demonstrate the value of evidence that can be systematically extracted from ECEP for the analysis of segmental and suprasegmental phonology; these are variations in the pronunciation of ‘wh’ in the set whale (/hw/∼/w/∼/h/), and the palatalization of alveolar consonants before /uː/. Thus, this article will demonstrate the viability of ECEP for historical phonology, dialectology, and sociolinguistics, and will help to promote the use of databases as key resources in historical linguistics.

Malakoplakia is an unusual chronic inflammatory condition characterized by the presence of Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. Patients with malakoplakia often have an immunodeficiency state. It is believed that malakoplakia results from a defective macrophage response to phagocytosed bacteria. Malakoplakia most commonly affects the genitourinary tract. Cases confined to the liver are rare, with only five cases described in the literature. We report two cases of malakoplakia of liver; both were incidental autopsy findings. The first case involves a 53-year-old man with systemic lupus erythematosus and chronic refractory pancytopenia who presented with febrile neutropenia. His blood culture was positive for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Enterococcus faecium, and he subsequently developed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. The second case involves a 60-year-old man who presented with a mass in periorbital tissue which, on biopsy, showed inflammation and Treponema-like spirochetes. He died unexpectedly at home. Autopsy revealed adrenal gland chronic inflammation and abscess. Both cases had grossly normal livers with microscopic findings of calcified targetoid structures consistent with Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. In these cases, malakoplakia was an incidental finding confined to liver. Although asymptomatic in these cases, diagnosis in the liver may be useful to initiate a search for hepatic or non-hepatic infections.

We report a case of a 31 year old male with extensive subclinical sinusitis leading to erosion in the cribriform plate and subsequent meningitis caused by the organism Moraxella osloensis. The patient presented to the emergency department with rapid onset confusion, neck stiffness and headache. Inflammatory markers, renal and liver function, and a chest radiograph were all normal. CT Head showed extensive polyp disease in the paranasal sinuses with expansion of the left frontal sinus and CT Sinuses revealed an area of low attenuation in the cribriform plate consistent with bony erosion. MRI Head showed thick loculated sinus inflammation. Lumbar puncture yielded CSF with a high white cell count of predominantly mononuclear cells, no visible organisms and an elevated protein. CSF microscopy, culture and viral PCR were not diagnostic, and so the CSF was sent for 16S rDNA PCR screening, which identified the rDNA of Moraxella osloensis. Moraxella osloensis is a rare cause of bacterial meningitis, with only a few reported cases. This case illustrates that sinusitis, while a common condition, when severe can predispose to intracranial infection with atypical and low virulence organisms such as Moraxella species, which do not commonly cause invasive CNS disease. This case represents the first case of Moraxella osloensis meningitis reported from the United Kingdom.

【Abstract】Objective: To assess the outcome of immediate plate osteosynthesis via application of antibiotic impregnated collagen fleeces (gentamicin-collagen and antibiotic sponge) which gradually release antibiotic locally in the surgical treatment of open fractures presented to us 6 hours after injury. Methods: All cases were treated in our tertiary level trauma center and teaching hospital including 35 patients with open fractures who were treated by immediate open reduction and plate fixation from January 2008 to August 2010. Among them, 31 patients were available for adequate follow-up and assessment. All fractures were treated by irrigation and debridement, immediate open reduction and plate fixation along with placement of antibiotic-releasing collagen fleeces around the plate just before closure of wound. Patients were assessed to determine postoperative infection, delayed union or nonunion and development of other postoperative complications. It was hypothesized that immediate plate osteosynthesis after thorough debridement and local antibiotics would give safe and acceptable clinical re- sults in treatment of open fractures. Results: The 31 patients with adequate final follow-up were assessed at a mean time of 40 weeks (15-160 weeks). Most fractures united primarily in an acceptable time period according to area of involvement. Local wound complications (superficial infection and skin loss) were found in 3 patients (9.67%). Deep infection was noted in 2 patients (6.45%). None of these patients needed implant removal and both fractures united in due time. Delayed union was noted in 5 patients (16.13%). No patient progressed to non- union or implant failure in long term follow-up. Excessive scarring was developed in 2 patients (6.45%). Conclusions: Immediate plate osteosynthesis after adequate debridement and placement of collagen film eluting antibiotics locally produces excellent results regarding bone union and absence of deep infections and is a safe technique in the management of open bone injuries. These sponges can be used easily with any form of internal fixation and there is no need of second surgery for the removal of these antibiotic carriers since they are bioabsorbable. Local antibiotic-impregnated collagen sponges along with systemic antibiotics for 3 to 5 days offer promising results in open fracture management. Key words: Fractures, open; Debridement; Fracture fixation, internal; Collagen

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63rd International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Medicinal-Plant-and-Natural-Product-Research (GA) -- AUG 23-27, 2015 -- Budapest, HUNGARY, WOS: 000367558100551, …

Various musculoskeletal system disorders occur as a result of the use of computers, which have become an integral part of modern life. The most important among such disorders is known as cumulative trauma disorder (CTD). In this study, we attempt to investigate CTD's effects on daily life and the effectiveness of training and exercise programs in the management of this disorder at a state department where computers are widely used. Fifty patients with CTD between the ages 25 and 50 were recruited for the study and were randomized into two groups. The complaints of patients with CTD had appeared after they had started working in this job and they reported that their complaints were related to their occupation. The patients complained of head, neck, shoulder, back and wrist pains and most of them were diagnosed as Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS). The first group was given mobilization, stretching, strengthening and relaxation exercises five days a week for a period of two months following a training course. The second group was given a training course only. Both groups were assessed in terms of the following outcome criteria before and after the treatment: Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and Pain Disability Index for pain; Tiredness Scale for tiredness; and Beck Depression Scale for depression. At 2 months, the treatment group was observed to have experienced statistically significant improvements in NRS ( p< 0.001), pain disability index ( p< 0.05) and Beck depression scale ( p< 0.05) values as compared to the control group. Mobilization, stretching, strengthening and relaxation exercises reduce pain and depression levels of CTD patients in the short term. We propose that studies with long-term follow-up are needed to confirm the above results.

This paper gives an account of plans for constructing a searchable database of eighteenth-century English phonology, an area which has hitherto received little attention from corpus linguistics. The project draws on a sample of eighteenth-century primary sources to construct a searchable database which will eventually provide visualisations of the distribution of phonological variants in time, space and social class. The project incorporates data from pronouncing dictionaries and other texts dealing with pronunciation published in the second half of the 18th century. The data will be recoded in the form of Unicode transcriptions of as many of the approximately 1,700 words used to exemplify John Wells’ (1982) Standard Lexical Sets as appear in the texts chosen, together with supplementary sets chosen to represent consonantal variants such as /hw/~/w/ in WHICH, etc. The use of these sets and their associated keywords is standard practice in studies of variation and change in English, and including the full range of example words allows for differences in lexical distribution between the eighteenth-century texts, and between these and the contemporary accents described by Wells. Although all the eighteenth-century texts purported to describe the ‘best’ English, they were compiled by authors from different parts of the English-speaking world (mainly different regions of England, Scotland and Ireland but including some from North America) and so can provide evidence for geographical diffusion of innovations. (Beal 1999, C. Jones 2006). The entries will be tagged according to the main lexical set to which they belong. Thus, a researcher interested in the distribution of words in Wells’s (1982) PRICE and CHOICE sets will be able to find how each of the example words from these sets was transcribed in each of the 18th-century sources included in the database. There will also be links to descriptive and prescriptive comments included in the primary sources. The database will also include metadata providing background information on the texts, such as place of publication, birthplace, occupation and social class of author, and bibliographical references to published work referring to these sources. This paper provides an account of the design of this database and presents the results of a pilot study demonstrating how such a database can be used to answer questions concerning the chronological, social, geographical and phonological distribution of variation between /hw/ ~/w/ ~ /h/ in WHICH, WHO, NOWHERE, etc. which is of interest to sociolinguists, dialectologists and historical phonologists.