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IntruductionIn effective citizenship education, decision making is important skills.The 11-year-olds childeren need decision-making skills(NCSS,1998(.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of collaborative reasoning-based learning environment with teacher support (pre-training and scripting by procedural prompt) on acquisition and transfer of decision-making skills and satisfaction.For this purpose, the questions were: (1) what is the effect of collaborative reasoning-based learning environment with pre-training and script supports on students' acquisition of decision-making skills?(2) what is the effect of collaborative reasoning-based learning environment with pre-training and script supports on the transfer of students' decision-making skills to the novel moral story?(3)what are students' opinions about the collaborative-reasoning learning environment?MethodThis research is a pre-test and post-test experimental designs with three experimental groups. The statistical population of the study is all sixth grade students in Neyriz in the academic year 1399- 1400. All participants were male and their mean age was 12.40 (SD = 1.33). Among the schools of Neyriz city, three schools of Mehregan, Mehrdanesh and Bahman were selected through cluster sampling. Three sixth grade classes were selected and randomly divided into experimental groups 1 (pre-training), experimental 2 (scripting) and experimental 3 (blended method(.Learning and transfer of students' decision-making skills (pre-test, post-test and transfer test) were measured using a coding scheme prepared by the authors.Students' opinions about collaborative reasoning-based learning environment were measured using a questionnaire designed by Mehdizadeh (2007). This questionnaire was used with some changes after adapting to the classroom conditions.ResultThe results showed that the collaborative reasoning approach with three support methods can improve acquisition and transfer of students' decision-making skills. Also, students who received a combination of support through pre-training and scripting in the collaborative reasoning process performed better in acquisition and transferring decision-making skills than the other two groups and were more satisfied with their learning environment. Also, students who received pre-training prior to collaborative reasoning performed better than the script group in acquiring and transferring decision-making skills.DiscussionPre-trainning and scripting are both complementary learning strategies that, together, provide powerful instructional support in collaborative reasoning-based learning environments to empower students to acquisition and transfer decision-making skills. Pre-training creates the mental structure or model needed to understand the scripts that are presented in the collaborative reasoning process.

The tales of the prophets are among the most popular textual traditions across the Islamic world and Java proves no exception. Beginning with the first human and first prophet Nabi Adam, these often vast collections recount the biographies of all those viewed as prophets in Islam, ultimately leading up to the “seal of the prophets”, Muhammad. Many manuscripts of this genre were composed and copied in Javanese, in different periods, locales, and milieus, opening a window to how these core Islamic stories and the messages they carry were understood and transmitted in Java. The essay explores one example, a Layang Ambiya composed in the pĕsantren milieu in the mid-nineteenth century and written in pegon (MSB L12), currently housed in the Museum Sonobudoyo, Yogyakarta.

В статье рассматривается сценарий рекламного видеоролика как предмет прагмалингвистического анализа. В ходе исследования было раскрыто понятие рекламного видеоролика, выделены его основные виды и этапы создания. Цель статьи заключается в рассмотрении сценария как предмета прагмалингвистического анализа и важного этапа в создании рекламного сообщения. Авторы статьи отмечают, что видеоролик представляет собой совокупность вербального, визуального и звукового компонентов и является эффективным средством воздействия на получателя рекламного сообщения. Сценаристы как авторы будущего рекламного видеоролика грамотно используют разные способы подачи рекламной информации и прагматические приемы для получения желаемого результата. В качестве наглядного примера был разобран рекламный видеоролик туши для ресниц «Lash Sensational Sky High» от Maybelline New York.

In keeping with the call of this Special Issue, this article is but one voice in the midst of a much broader conversation, attending to whether the differences between narrative and performance criticism are a matter of degree or kind. Narrative and biblical performance criticisms are natural bedfellows. The two appear genealogically related as they share similar founders, attend to similar features, and to a degree share similar interests with regard to interpretation. In fact, their interests appear to be so closely aligned at several points that attempts to distinguish between these two approaches run the risk of simply “splitting hairs”. Yet, our recognition of these distinctions is essential for highlighting the unique contribution of each approach. In what follows, I suggest that the differences between performance and narrative criticisms are rather (at least theoretically) a “shifting of gears”, a progression toward a more complex understanding of how biblical texts work in various contexts and how we as scholars may approach them as objects of study. While the object of study in narrative criticism is relatively well established (again, at least theoretically), this is not necessarily the case for performance criticism. In short, by way of contrast, I will suggest that for performance criticism, its object is similar to yet distinct from the object of study of narrative criticism. Such a claim is by no means groundbreaking, especially among the performance critics, nor should it necessarily be viewed as controversial. Rather, in exploring the contours of each approach, this contribution aims to provide additional theoretical credence to certain areas within this conversation. In doing so, this inadvertently has implications not only for our thinking in this particular volume, but also perhaps more broadly for biblical studies.

It is shown, how early successes of science fostered the expectation of life in more security. However, describing unsecure situations in trivial systems and even more in living systems, the principal lack of security in life is described as an existential fact. On this basis it is discussed how humans try to establish a solid basis for living. A rigid and destructive script is explained as a strategy to gain security by the price of reduced quality of living. Uncertainty as an option for stimulation, surprise and personal growth is described as an often-discounted polarity to security. Navigation between both polarities, using intuition, empathy and curiosity, is explained as a competence for a rich life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper features the way linguistic means represent character traits in modern films. The research was based on Neill Blomkamp’s sci-fi drama "Chappie" (2005). The research objective was to describe the phenomenon of multiple linguistic features that disclose the linguistic personality of film characters via their free speech. The author believes that the linguistic image of a film character includes categorization of entities aimed at solving creative tasks, which, in their turn, incorporate the genre, stylistic peculiarities, imagery, and emotivity. The method of continuous selection from a film script offered an ample exemplifying material, which underwent cognitive and stylistic analysis. Modern cinema uses genre stylization and imagery, e.g. children’s speech, parents’ speech, classroom language, streetwise discourse, etc. These features depend on the authenticity of a film character and the heuristic explanation of an unknown concept by means of metaphors. The linguistic image of a film character is formed within the genre-stylistic boundaries of the script, while imagery allows the characters to reach a consensus within the 120-minute chronotope.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the importance of training exercises in video surveillance for the creative abilities’ development of film and television directors; to prove the necessity and usefulness of such exercises not only for documentarians but also for feature film and animation directors; identify specific methods of the director’s work on video surveillance. The research methodology is based on a theoretical analysis of the work of outstanding film directors, in particular films and evidence on the nature of documentary films by Hertz Frank and Frederick Wiseman and analysis of Ukrainian and foreign observation films. Scientific novelty. The role recognition of film and video surveillance as a basic element in the education and training of cinematographers; determination of characteristic features and fundamental differences of work on screen observations in comparison with work on other types of the screen works. Conclusions. The article analyzes the importance of video surveillance for the creative imagination development of students-directors. The importance of observations has been proved for the work of directors working in all types of cinematography from documentaries to feature films and animation. Examples of directorial work strategies on video surveillance are given, which are fundamentally different from the methods of creating other types of screen works.

This paper appeared originally in Portuguese as Doença De Alzheimer: Considerações À Luz Da Análise Transacional. Revista Brasileira de Análise Transacional, 2021 (https://unat.org.br/portal/rebat-2021.php) and is reproduced here by kind permission of UNAT-BRASIL - União Nacional de Analistas Transacionais – Brasil. To match the format of IJTARP, we have provided an alternative Abstract and moved the previous paragraph to become part of the Introduction to this article. Where possible, quotations have been added to reflect original TA publications in English. This article is the result of a Narrative Review of literature about Alzheimer’s Disease, alongside a review of transactional analysis theory with particular reference to how the injunction or injunctive message of Don’t Think, and a mindless script, may be connected to the development of the disease. A plea is made that we study relationships beyond the realm of natural science.

This essay re-examines several examples of non-performance based artworks from the perspective and history of performance art. For instance, the photomontages I produced as an undergrad art student were based on repeated acts of stealing posters from their public sites on the street between my house and the college. Later, while working collaboratively with Mark Hutchinson in Manchester and London, we made photograms and paintings of scenes that we enacted on the street (striking a match, taking a flag for a walk). Years later, as a solo artist again, I produced a body of work in the form of slide presentations that consisted of photographs of me dressed in homemade costumes that cast me as a monster. In my work with the Freee art collective, we used slogans, our own bodies, costumes and props to give material reality to slogans that we treated as scripts. We wrote manifestos and staged events in which participants read. So, while the forms of my work are image based, the rationale is typically tied to the techniques and values of performance.

Copyright of Comunicação, Mídia e Consumo is the property of Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Technology seems to be everywhere and anywhere in our daily lives. We have devices that allow us to communicate and interact with our work, our social circles, and the world at all times. This article explores and reflects on our attachment to technology and its impact on how we identify and relate to ourselves and others given the advent of sensory-based interactions such as touch, face, and voice recognition. Through the lens of intrapsychic, interpersonal, and systemic processes, the author reflects on the implications of these developments for script theory. He seeks to question, describe, and better understand how these processes affect our sense of reality so that our discourse as a community of practitioners shifts to a curious and accounting process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Producing cohesive and coherent stories by children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a challenging issue. However, the differences between the stories retold by children with and without ASD may decrease by reducing cognitive and linguistic needs. The present study intended to determine whether the use of scripts that organize stories around shared events can lead to a decrease in children’s problems of narrative retelling. To achieve this goal, the abilities of 19 children with ASD and 26 healthy children in retelling two stories with and without a script were evaluated. The stories were coded in terms of micro- and macro-structures and types of events with and without a script. The findings showed that the performance of the ASD children compared to the healthy ones was significantly weaker in retelling the stories with and without the script in terms of micro- and macro-structures. In general, the stories retold by the children with ASD compared to the healthy children were less cohesive and coherent. The full-scale IQ determined cohesion and coherence of the story retold by the ASD children. In addition, the study of the story with the script showed that the amount of details related to the script performed by children with ASD was comparable to that of the healthy children. However, the use of details without the script by the ASD children compared to the healthy ones was higher. The results of the research revealed that impairment in story narration might be present across narrative types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scripting cartographic technique is a new method of geospatial data visualization - especially with thematic mapping such as geomorphological models. The purpose of this study was to explore the use of Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) and R for geomorphological and topographic mapping of Serbia using free open datasets (DEM, SRTM/ GEBCO, OpenStreetMap). Current trend in education and research of distance-based and online-based education suggests that application of free high-resolution data for modelling and mapping by open source cartographic toolsets are more likely to result in deep geospatial analysis of the geomorphology of Balkans with associated geographic phenomena: hydrology, soils, vegetation, geology. Presented fragments of scripts aim to demonstrate the technical usage of R and GMT coding in cartographic workflow with a case study on Serbia. Using qualitative descriptive cartographic approach to visualize the slope, aspect and terrain elevations over the country and the ‘raster’ package provided by R, it was found that the geomorphology of Serbia spatially differs in southern and northern parts of the country resulting in regional geologic evolution and tectonic dynamics of the Balkan formation. The presented maps portrayed general distribution of the landforms in Serbian region of Balkans. The research contributes to the methodological development and testing of the cartographic techniques as well as geomorphological and environmental studies of Serbia.

This study entitled Markedness Realization in Everything, Everything Movie Script. The research is meant to analyze how the Theme markedness realized in the clauses of the movie script. The theory that is used in this research is Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) proposed by Halliday (1994), regarded with textual function that observes clause as a message and analyzes it from the thematic structure in the term of Theme-Rheme. He states that Theme can be divided into two, unmarked Theme is an element that occupies the point of departure position of the clause, conflating with the grammatical subject and marked Theme is an element other than occupies the point of departure position of the clause, but does not conflates with the grammatical subject. The method that is applied in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The source of data were one of the most viewed romantic movies in 2017 script, Everything, Everything, taken from Springfield Springfield site. Data of the research were selected, based on the second character dialog of this movie script. The purpose of this research is to indicate the four types of markedness and to describe the realization of the Theme markedness in the movie script. The research findings showed that the dominant type of markedness realization is simple unmarked Theme with 69.4% percentage. This type of markedness dominated other kinds of markedness realization in addition to simple marked Theme with 2.4% percentage, multiple unmarked Theme with 27.1% percentage, and multiple marked Theme with 0.9% percentage.

The article is devoted to the analysis of problems and genre originality of Y. Polyakov's three-part novel “Gypsum trumpeter”. The novel, written in the style of grotesque realism, is multifaceted, it contains many insert stories of historical, detective, and lyrical nature. Such a genre form serves the writer's intention to expose the vicious phenomena of the surrounding reality. The same goal is served by a wide arsenal of skillfully used poetic devices: occasional words and phrases, author's neologisms, detailed hyperbolas and litotes, unexpected comparisons. The novel abounds in aphorisms. The precedent-setting phenomenon is used in the titles of most chapters of the work. The author's attitude to the characters is shown in the “talking” surnames, bright portrait sketches. Subject-household details, epigrams give vivacity to the narrative. The novel is devoted to creative people, and in the text a lot of space is occupied by reflections and disputes about the purpose of art, about what real art should be. Paying tribute to the servants of the Muse, the author tells about inspiration, hard creative work and the torments of creation.

In this column, the author shares insights on honoring the wisdom of diverse perspectives by cocreating a teaching-learning journey from a humanbecoming perspective. The author urges nurse educators to move away from the use of scripts in having routine and difficult conversations in nurse education. The film The Sound of Music, a favorite of the author, is used to describe honoring wisdom in diverse perspectives by using dialogue in the art of being with. In this way, nurse educators may cocreate a teaching-learning journey that honors humanuniverse dignity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Meroitic language is known from more than two thousands inscriptions found in the northern part of Sudan and in Egyptian Nubia. Although it was written only during the Kingdom of Meroe (300 BC – AD 350), the language is already attested in Egyptian transcriptions of personal names from the second millennium BC on. Meroitic was written in two scripts, cursive and hieroglyphic, both derived from Egyptian scripts. The system is alphasyllabic and uses twenty-three signs plus a word-divider made of two or three dots. The scripts were deciphered in 1907-1911 by F. Ll. Griffith, but knowledge of the language itself still remains incomplete. However, the linguistic affiliation of Meroitic has been recently established: it belongs to the Northern East Sudanic branch of the Nilo-Saharan phylum. Further advances in understanding the Meroitic texts are expected from comparative linguistic research made possibly by this discovery.

Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) have revolutionized microbial studies in many fields, especially in clinical investigation. As the second human genome, microbiota has been recognized as a new approach and perspective to understand the biological and pathologic basis of various diseases. However, massive amounts of sequencing data remain a huge challenge to researchers, especially those who are unfamiliar with microbial data analysis. The mathematic algorithm and approaches introduced from another scientific field will bring a bewildering array of computational tools and acquire higher quality of script experience. Moreover, a large cohort research together with extensive meta-data including age, body mass index (BMI), gender, medical results, and others related to subjects also aggravate this situation. Thus, it is necessary to develop an efficient and convenient software for clinical microbiome data analysis. EasyMicroPlot (EMP) package aims to provide an easy-to-use microbial analysis tool based on R platform that accomplishes the core tasks of metagenomic downstream analysis, specially designed by incorporation of popular microbial analysis and visualization used in clinical microbial studies. To illustrate how EMP works, 694 bio-samples from Guangdong Gut Microbiome Project (GGMP) were selected and analyzed with EMP package. Our analysis demonstrated the influence of dietary style on gut microbiota and proved EMP package's powerful ability and excellent convenience to address problems for this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reflections on screenwriting in Mexico constitute a tradition that has not been critically reviewed. This article recovers fundamental texts of Mexican writers and teachers in order to analyze their attempts to articulate this practice. The texts oscillate between the poetics, the essay and the didactic manual. A stimulating dialogue arises from interweaving their ideas about the nature of the screenplay, its narrative and dramatic dimensions, the specificity of this type of writing and the creative process. The review begins with El conocimiento cinematográfico y sus problemas (1965), written by José Revueltas and ends with the unpublished book by Beatriz Novaro, El roce de los lenguajes (2013). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper recovers two scripts from the silent era: La gitanilla (Anonymous, 1914) –preserved in the Bibliothèque Nationale de France– and La ilustre fregona (Francisco Carrillo Casado, 1926) –Biblioteca Nacional de España–, based on the homonymous tales by Cervantes (Novelas ejemplares, 1613). First, I will look over the lost adaptations of the whole Baroque collection; I will examine next the concept of “script” in silent film; and, finally, I will delve into this pair of rewrites, paying attention to both their peculiar form and their differences from the base texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The components of each stage have similarities as well as differences, which make each unique in its own right. As the film-making and the movie industry may have much we can learn from, some of these will be covered under the different sections of the paper, for example, "Writing Powerful Narratives," depiction of emotional elements, specific industry-driven developments as well as the "cultural considerations" in both. For medical simulation and simulation-based education, the corresponding stages are as follows: Development Preproduction Production Postproduction and Distribution. The art of sim-making has many similarities to that of film-making. In fact, there is potentially much to be learnt from the film-making process in cinematography and storytelling. Both film-making and sim-making can be seen from the artistic perspective as starting with a large piece of blank, white sheet of paper, which will need to be colored by the "artists" and personnel involved; in the former, to come up with the film and for the latter, to engage learners and ensure learning takes place, which is then translated into action for patients in the actual clinical care areas. Both entities have to go through a series of systematic stages. For film-making, the stages are as follows: Identification of problems and needs analysis Setting objectives, based on educational strategies Implementation of the simulation activity Debriefing and evaluation, as well as Fine-tuning for future use and archiving of scenarios/cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article proposes to develop a method for determining the conformity of vector illustration to the laws of composition and design, which will help to engage in artistic work for people without special skills and abilities. The concept of the centre of the composition is analysed. The main criterion of equilibrium is determined - the distance between the optical and composite centre. As the first stage of the developed method, it is offered to define the area of an element and to bring an arbitrary figure to a polygon. An algorithm for determining the area of an object of arbitrary shape has been developed. The process of colour density determination is analysed, and its algorithm is developed. An algorithm for determining the equilibrium of the composition is proposed. A script has been created that implements the method of determining the compliance of vector illustration with the laws of composition and design. A script based on a specific one has been tested during a number of tests. According to the test results, the conclusions about the correct operation of the script were confirmed. A prototype of an automation system for creating vector illustrations in Adobe Illustrator has been created. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Kepes is the property of Universidad de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Administração: Ensino e Pesquisa is the property of Administracao: Ensino e Pesquisa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article discusses the importance of automatic schema knowledge extraction for natural language processing. A broad overview of methods of and approaches to describing and extracting schemas is given; theoretical approaches to formalizing schemas are considered. Some problems that involve knowledge on the schema structure of texts are listed. Popular approaches to automatic schema knowledge extraction and quality control methods for these approaches are presented. A list of open corpora that can be used for schema extraction, some of which are created specifically for this purpose and some are universal, is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Software for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers offer general functionality of instrument control and data processing; these applications are often developed with non-scripting languages. NMR users need to flexibly integrate rapidly developing NMR applications with emerging technologies. Scripting systems offer open environments for NMR users to write custom programs. However, existing scripting systems have limited capabilities for both extending the functionality of NMR software's non-script main program and using advanced native script libraries to support specialized application domains (e.g., biomacromolecules and metabolomics). Therefore, it is essential to design a novel scripting system to address both of these needs. Result: Here, a novel NMR scripting system named SpinSPJ is proposed. It works as a plug-in in the Java based NMR spectrometer software SpinStudioJ. In the scripting system, both Java based NMR methods and original CPython based libraries are supported. A module has been developed as a bridge to integrate the runtime environments of Java and CPython. The module works as an extension in the CPython environment and interacts with Java via the Java Native Interface. Leveraging this bridge, Java based instrument control and data processing methods of SpinStudioJ can be called with the CPython style. Compared with traditional scripting systems, SpinSPJ better supports both extending the non-script main program and implementing advanced NMR applications with a rich variety of script libraries. NMR researchers can easily call functions of instrument control and data processing as well as developing complex functionality (such as multivariate statistical analysis, deep learning, etc.) with CPython native libraries. Conclusion: SpinSPJ offers a user-friendly environment to implement custom functionality leveraging its powerful basic NMR and rich CPython libraries. NMR applications with emerging technologies can be easily integrated. The scripting system is free of charge and can be downloaded by visiting http://www.spinstudioj.net/spinspj. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Setting aside the function of acquisition of information about other people, places and societies television has reached another level thanks to developing communication technologies through satisfying the needs for entertainment through series, game shows, documentaries and many other genres. Specifically the development of internet technology and ubiquitous digital developments, including in broadcasting have profoundly altered broadcasting and audience practices. Television series, which is one of the main program types of television and has a wide audience, has continued to be the favorite of digital platforms along with digitalization. Therefore, it is an object of interest how the scripts or scenarios, which are one of the main factors that increase the success criteria of the television series, are affected by this change. This study, which aims to evaluate the changing television series industry, in terms of screenwriters, is significant in terms of revealing the transformation in broadcasting the effect of this transformation on producers and viewers. Indepth interviews were conducted with the screenwriters from both television and digital streaming platforms, and the data were evaluated by categorizing with descriptive analysis. The data obtained reveals that traditional television still maintains its power despite the increasing habit of watching digital content, and that the shortening the running time of series has caused some difficulties in writing scripts, but offered an opportunity to create more original stories. The findings of the study revealed that, due to the changing viewing practices, screenwriters should produce internet serials by taking into account the free, active and participatory audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the consideration of scripting languages (scripts) used in distance learning. The aim of the research is to assess the satisfaction of distance learning (DL) participants and identify the advantages and disadvantages of the main platforms using scripting languages. Research methods. In the article, based on 3 years of experience in using tools for DL, the positive and negative aspects of the use of various scripting languages (scripts) for organizing distance learning and teleconferences are reviewed. The sample size is represented by a three-year period, during which 5,712 teleconferences were held. The questionnaire responses of 2500 participants were analyzed. The sections of the assessment dealt with the satisfaction of the DL participants and the functionality of the script tools. Results. The majority of participants were satisfied with the use of BigBlue Point, Jitsi, Zoom systems. The interviewees indicated the need for registration (49%) and the mandatory download of the application (42%) as the main shortcomings. It is concluded that absolutely reliable criteria for choosing a platform, which is associated with a large number of specific factors and tasks, have not been identified. It is emphasized that creation of domestic products seems to be a promising area of activity for developers.

The main purpose of this article is to present the use of R programming language in cartographic visualization demonstrating using machine learning methods in geographic education. Current trends in education technologies are largely influenced by the possibilities of distance-learning, e-learning and selflearning. In view of this, the main tendencies in modern geographic education include active use of open source GIS and publicly available free geospatial datasets that can be used by students for cartographic exercises, data visualization and mapping, both at intermediate and advanced levels. This paper contributes to the development of these methods and is fully based on the datasets and tools available for every student: the R programming language and the free open source datasets. The case study demonstrated in this paper show the examples of both physical geographic mapping (geomorphology) and socio-economic geography (regional mapping) which can be used in the classes and in self-learning. The objective of this research includes geomorphological modelling of the terrain relief in Italy and regional mapping. The data include dem SRTM90 and datasets on regional borders of Italy embedded in R packages 'maps' and 'mapdata'. Modelling references to the characteristics of slope, aspect, hillshade and elevation, their visualization using R packages: 'raster' and 'tmap'. Regional mapping of Italy was made using main package 'ggmap' with the 'ggplot2' as a wrapper. The results present five thematic maps (slope, aspect, hillshade, elevation and regions of Italy) created in R language. Traditionally used in statistical analysis, R is less known as a perfect tool in geographic education. This paper contributes to the development of methods in geographic education by presenting new technologies of the machine learning methods of mapping.

Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) have revolutionized microbial studies in many fields, especially in clinical investigation. As the second human genome, microbiota has been recognized as a new approach and perspective to understand the biological and pathologic basis of various diseases. However, massive amounts of sequencing data remain a huge challenge to researchers, especially those who are unfamiliar with microbial data analysis. The mathematic algorithm and approaches introduced from another scientific field will bring a bewildering array of computational tools and acquire higher quality of script experience. Moreover, a large cohort research together with extensive meta-data including age, body mass index (BMI), gender, medical results, and others related to subjects also aggravate this situation. Thus, it is necessary to develop an efficient and convenient software for clinical microbiome data analysis. EasyMicroPlot (EMP) package aims to provide an easy-to-use microbial analysis tool based on R platform that accomplishes the core tasks of metagenomic downstream analysis, specially designed by incorporation of popular microbial analysis and visualization used in clinical microbial studies. To illustrate how EMP works, 694 bio-samples from Guangdong Gut Microbiome Project (GGMP) were selected and analyzed with EMP package. Our analysis demonstrated the influence of dietary style on gut microbiota and proved EMP package's powerful ability and excellent convenience to address problems for this field.