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The radiation hardness of thin-film PbZr/sub y/Ti/sub 1-y/O/sub 3/ (PZT) ferroelectric capacitors is explored. Ferroelectric capacitors were irradiated using X-ray and Co-60 sources to dose levels up to 16 Mrad(Si). The capacitors were characterized for their memory properties both before and after irradiation. The radiation hardness was process dependent. Three out of four processes resulted in capacitors that showed less than 30% radiation-induced degradation in retained polarization charge and remnant polarization after irradiating to 16 Mrad(Si). On the other hand, one of the processes showed significant radiation-induced degradation in retained polarization charge and remanent polarization at dose levels above 1 Mrad(Si). A model for simulating the observed degradation is developed. The model indicates that the data are consistent with trapping of radiation-induced charge in the ferroelectric material. The radiation hardness levels indicate that ferroelectric devices can be fabricated that can survive radiation exposures well in excess of 10 Mrad(Si).<>

The effect of rapid hypobaric transition (1 hr.) upon water consumption, food consumption, body weight, feeding activity and spontaneous activity of albino rats was studied using a within-subject design. Transition from 635 ± 5 mm. Hg. (5,000 ft.) to 455 ± 5 mm. Hg. (14,000 ft.) induced temporary hypophagia, hypodipsia and concomitant weight loss; gradual recovery occurred during the exposure period; return to 635 ± 5 mm. Hg. after 7 days abruptly (≤ 24 hr.) alleviated these effects. Alterations in feeding activity (time-in-foodwell) during the off portions of the light cycle paralleled food intake changes. No reliable changes in spontaneous activity as a function of hypobaric transition were noted. Results were interpreted as suggestive of hypothalamic and frontal cortex involvement in hypoxia-induced behavioral shifts.

The article discusses the author's view of the political situation in Germany after its national election on September 2012. He relates the tension between the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) following the victory of Angela Merkel. The author posts a question of what to be expected with the German government regarding the country, Turkey and Europe.

The article discusses a hypothetical research project on economic changes in the developing nation of South Africa following the collapse of the apartheid regime and the ascendancy of the African National Congress (ANC) as the ruling party in the democracy of the 1990s. Specifically to be examined is the economic interventionist strategy of the ANC involving an activist industrial policy that sought to pursue massive investment in public infrastructure as well as the broad expansion of the social security system.

Forward genetic screens with genome-wide CRISPR libraries are powerful tools for resolving cellular circuits and signaling pathways. Applying this technology to organoids, however, has been hampered by technical limitations. Here we report improved accuracy and robustness for pooled-library CRISPR screens by capturing sgRNA integrations in single organoids, substantially reducing required cell numbers for genome-scale screening. We applied our approach to wild-type and APC mutant human intestinal organoids to identify genes involved in resistance to TGF-β-mediated growth restriction, a key process during colorectal cancer progression, and validated hits including multiple subunits of the tumor-suppressive SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. Mutations within these genes require concurrent inactivation of APC to promote TGF-β resistance and attenuate TGF-β target gene transcription. Our approach can be applied to a variety of assays and organoid types to facilitate biological discovery in primary 3D tissue models.

A novel, thermogravimetric TG method is demonstrated for the quantitative determination of a dispersed active phase on a γ-Al2O3catalytic support.

The charge-to-breakdown of 3.3 4;nm oxynitride films shows significant degradation after irradiation with 342 4;MeV Au ions. In contrast, 5.4 4;nm Al2O3 films exhibit much less degradation for similar heavy-ion stress.

High-temperature catalysts containing Pd supported on high-surface area ceria-zirconia are optimum materials for fuel economy when automotive engines operate under high speed or load conditions. A prerequisite for developing such thermally stable catalysts is to gain a good understanding of the thermal deactivation modes contributing to the aging and degradation of catalysts in harsh thermal environments. It was discovered by X-ray diffraction that upon hightemperature aging, Pd may sinter into large (about 10 nm diameter) particles and become encapsulated in the ceria-zirconia. To confirm this conclusion, a prototype high-temperature catalyst containing Pd supported on high-surface area ceria-zirconia, aged at temperature above 1100 °C is studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The ceria-zirconia supported Pd (0.25 wt%) catalyst was aged at 1105 °C and calcined at 700 °C for 2 h. For TEM sample preparations, first of all, a large-size aggregate with diameter about 1 mm was selected and sandwiched between by two pieces of silicon crystal.

High-temperature catalysts containing Pd supported on high-surface area ceria-zirconia are optimum materials for fuel economy when automotive engines operate under high speed or load conditions. A prerequisite for developing such thermally stable catalysts is to gain a good understanding of the thermal deactivation modes contributing to the aging and degradation of catalysts in harsh thermal environments. It was discovered by X-ray diffraction that upon hightemperature aging, Pd may sinter into large (about 10 nm diameter) particles and become encapsulated in the ceria-zirconia. To confirm this conclusion, a prototype high-temperature catalyst containing Pd supported on high-surface area ceria-zirconia, aged at temperature above 1100 °C is studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The ceria-zirconia supported Pd (0.25 wt%) catalyst was aged at 1105 °C and calcined at 700 °C for 2 h. For TEM sample preparations, first of all, a large-size aggregate with diameter about 1 mm was selected and sandwiched between by two pieces of silicon crystal.

Discusses the use of metallocene single-site catalyst (SSC) technology in the manufacture of tailor-made polyolefin resins. Narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD) and comonomer short-chain branching distribution (SCBD); Increased control over composition distributions; Disadvantages; Dow Plastics' In site process; Absence of tradeoff in processability.

This article is based on the text of Friedrich Schwank’s article presented at the TIAETL meeting in Shanghai in May 2013.

High net worth families wish to structure their wealth in a manner to protect its substance and revenue, to avoid conflicts in the family in case of succession, in particular preserve the family business, manage the risks which may arise from divorce and maintenance claims, and, last but not least, protect the assets against destructive litigation and insolvency of one or the other of the family enterprises. This article reviews the capability of the Austrian private foundation as a for-profit structure without owners or shareholders to manage these risks, protect these assets, and other aspects including confidentiality and tax efficiency.

Austria has abolished inheritance and gift tax with effect from 1 August 2008. This article considers the impact of this development on wealth management planning both in respect to the Austrian private foundation and foreign trusts or foundations.

The main purpose of this article is to make foreign citizens aware of the often unexpected exposures to liability when acting as a board member of an Austrian foundation.

Model hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts having a general stoichiometry of Co2xMo1‐xS2 (x = 0.025‐0.3) are synthesized using a solid‐state procedure based on reaction of elemental sulfur with metallic cobalt and molybdenum powders at 783 K. Results of XRD, selected area electron diffraction, and activity tests in a flow reactor show that high HDS activity coincides with the presence of a nonstoichiometric bulk phase, which is very similar to nonstoichiometric molybdenum sulfide.

Review: (The Chemistry of Heteronuclear Clusters and Multimetallic Catalysts; Proceedings of the Seminar in Koenigstein, Sept.

Coordinate transcriptional control of yeast genes involved in phospholipid biosynthesis is mediated by the inositol/choline-responsive element (ICRE) contained in the respective promoter regions. Regulatory genes INO2 and INO4, both encoding basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins, are necessary for ICRE-dependent gene activation. By the use of size variants and by heterologous expression in E.coli we demonstrate that Ino2p and Ino4p are both necessary and sufficient for the formation of the previously described FAS binding factor 1, Fbf1, interacting with the ICRE. Formation of a heteromeric complex between Ino2p and Ino4p by means of the respective bHLH domains was demonstrated in vivo by the interaction of appropriate two-hybrid constructs and in vitro by Far-Western analyses. Neither Ino2p nor Ino4p binds to the ICRE as a homodimer. When fused to the DNA-binding domain of Gal4p, Ino2p but not Ino4p was able to activate a UASGAL-containing reporter gene even in the absence of the heterologous Fbf1 subunit. By deletion studies, two separate transcriptional activation domains were identified in the N-terminal part of Ino2p. Thus, the bHLH domains of Ino2p and Ino4p constitute the dimerization/DNA-binding module of Fbf1 mediating its interaction with the ICRE, while transcriptional activation is effected exclusively by Ino2p.

Pt/SiO2, Au/SiO2, and bimetallic Pt‐Au/SiO2 catalysts are prepared by incipient wetness impregnation of nonporous SiO2and the sorption behavior of the H2‐reduced catalysts is studied using H2, O2, and CO as adsorbates at room temperature.

A series of Pt‐Au/SiO2 catalysts is prepared by the incipient wetness technique and studied by temp.‐programmed reduction (TPR), EDX, HREM and kinetic measurements for the n‐hexane conversion reaction.