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The present study examined the direction of effects between peer likeability and youth's school adjustment and psychological well-being, and the moderation of these effects by students' immigrant status. One thousand one hundred and eighteen students (63% immigrants) nested in 57 Greek middle-school classrooms took part in the study (Wave 1; age M = 12.6 years). Data were collected from multiple sources and informants. The results reveal complex, in some cases bidirectional effects over time between peer likeability and different indices of school adjustment and psychological well-being. Being liked by Greek, but not by immigrant, classmates influenced students' well-being over time. In contrast, being liked by either immigrant or Greek classmates predicted changes in students' school adjustment. The results highlight the importance of supporting positive peer relations among youth in order to promote other adaptation outcomes. In the case of immigrant youth, they suggest that interventions need to promote positive intergroup contact between them and their nonimmigrant classmates in order to support their well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it is aimed to present a framework for a school-based adjustment program for immigrant students living in Turkey and at primary school level. Adjustment to school is one of the priority needs of immigrant students. School adjustment is a structure that involves many dimensions and is influenced by many factors. Therefore, in the draft program proposed in the study, Ecological System Approach was taken as the basis for effectively addressing the multidimensional structure of school adaptation. As the draft program is based on the ecological system approach, the program aims to provide students, teachers, parents and community (local government, civil society, etc.). In this program, activities related to ecological system approach are planned for organism, microsystem, mesosystem and exosystem steps. It is aimed to increase the adjustment of immigrant students to the school with the program presented in the framework and thus to increase their social harmony and to be healthy and productive individuals in the future by meeting their developmental needs. It is also considered that the program proposal meets a significant need for teachers, parents, and school administrators, especially for immigrant students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this study was to examine the predictive power of peer relationships of preschool children on school adjustment variables. The sample group of the study consisted of 121 children (63 girls (52.1%), 58 boys (47.9%) in the age group of 5 years, attending preschool education in Nicosia city of TRNC. In the study, Ladd and Profile Child Behaviour Scale, sociometry technique based on peer selection, and Teacher Rating Scale of School Adjustment for 5-6 Years of Children have used the data collection tools. Ladd and Profile Child Behaviour Scale and Teacher Rating Scale of School Adjustment for 5-6 Years of Children were completed by preschool teachers. The sociometry technique based on peer selection was applied to children individually. According to the results of the study, social effect, social preference, hyperactivity, asocial behavior, prosocial behavior, excluded, anxious-fearful and aggression among peer relationship variables predicted at least one of school adjustment variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A qualitative case study was used in this study in order to determine the pre-school education adjustment problems of a Syrian child refugee who had fled from his homeland and took refuge in Turkey. The research participants were the child's family, teachers, and the principal of the school where the child was educated at pre-school. For the purposes of the study, data were collected through interviews and analyzed by the qualitative content analysis method. According to study results, one of the important factors affecting the adaptation of the children to the school is the communication problem. Another factor is the fact that Syrian families do not have sufficient financial condition. Also, official procedures, though not directly affecting the child, can indirectly affect children through parent-teacher relationships. Another remarkable result is prejudices, which have been examined in three different dimensions as children, parents and teachers, and recommendations for solutions were presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We employed a descriptive survey to determine the effects of excessive social network service (SNS) usage. Measures of SNS addiction, SNS fatigue, anxiety, and school life adjustment were employed with 209 high school students (85.2% female, 14.8% male). SNS addiction increased as students became more dissatisfied with school life, used SNS for a longer period, and had increased access to SNS as compared with their counterparts. SNS addiction was positively correlated with SNS fatigue (r = .24, p < .001) and anxiety (r = .20, p = .003). SNS fatigue and anxiety were positively correlated (r = .30, p < .001), and school adjustment and anxiety were negatively correlated (r = â?'.25, p < .001). SNS daily use (in both frequency and number of minutes) and anxiety were associated with SNS addiction (adjusted R² = 38.4%). It is necessary to develop intervention programs for vulnerable groups and promote early screening for SNS addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of parent-child interaction frequency on children's school adjustment and academic performance in the first year of elementary school. The study also investigates the mediating effect of parents' warm and controlling behaviours on these relations. The data were obtained from the Panel Study on Korean Children. Eighth year data were analysed to investigate the children's school adjustment and academic performance (N = 1579). Fathers' warm behaviours mediated the relations between father-child interaction frequency and the child's school adjustment and academic performance. Mothers' controlling behaviours mediated the relations between mother-child interaction frequency and the children's academic performance. Also, there were the actor effect and partner effect of mother-child and father-child interaction frequency on the warm parenting behaviours of mothers and fathers. The different roles of fathers' warm behaviours and mothers' controlling behaviours were discussed, along with other significant mediation paths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study contributes to the literature on the relation between situational help-seeking styles and school adjustment. The aim of this study was to develop measures of how high school students seek help from peers or teachers and to investigate how these autonomous and dependent differences influence school adjustments. A questionnaire on helpseeking styles and school adjustment was completed by 453 high school students （227 males, 221 females, and 5 who did not reveal their gender） aged 15 to 18 years. Factor analysis showed that each help-seeking scale had two factors. The reliability was established by a Cronbachʼs alpha （α＝.65~.91）, and the construct validity and content validity were established at a given level. An analysis of variance indicated that an autonomous help-seeking style was positively associated with various situations such as academics, career, etc., while a dependent help-seeking style in social relationship situations was positively associated with school adjustment. These results indicate that a dependent help-seeking style has a negative effect in academic domains but may have a positive effect in social relationship domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of a larger longitudinal project on the assessment of preschoolers' social-emotional development, children's social information processing (SIP) responses to unambiguous hypothetical situations of peer provocation were assessed for 239 preschoolers from Head Start and private childcare settings. SIP measurement focused on emotions children would feel during these situations, and their behaviour response decisions. The aims of the study were to examine foundations of these SIP responses in self-regulation and emotion knowledge, as well as to consider how adaptive SIP responding predicted concurrent classroom adjustment and pre-academic preacademic literacy. Using a PLS modelling procedure, results showed that both self-regulation and emotion knowledge were associated with adaptive SIP responding. Moreover, adaptive SIP responding predicted classroom adjustment and pre-academic preacademic literacy. Discussion centres on the contribution of social-emotional competence to preacademic literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescents identifying as sexual and/or gender minorities face many challenges at school due to stigma-based peer harassment. This study examined the extent to which sexual and gender minority adolescents experience bias-based bullying across a range of stigmatized identities and attributes, as well as the potential of gay-straight alliances (GSAs, also referred to as gender-sexuality alliances) to reduce simultaneously multiple forms of bias-based bullying, and in turn support school adjustment. Using a United States sample of diverse sexual and gender minority adolescents (N = 17,112; Mage = 15.57, SDage = 1.27), multiple mediation analyses indicated lower levels of multiple forms of bias-based bullying (based on body weight, gender, religion, disability, gender typicality, sexuality) at schools with versus without GSAs, and in turn higher perceived school safety, as well as higher grades and reduced school suspension (due to less weight- and sexuality-based bullying). The findings shed light on the broad-reaching stigma-reduction potential of GSAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the proliferation of empirical research has documented the association between parental control and school adjustment, findings of this linkage are still inconclusive. Moreover, fewer efforts have been made to address this association in middle school students. Guided by an ecological framework, the current study aimed to integrate the conflicting findings into a coherent body of knowledge, paying particular attention to two research purposes: (a) to examine the association between parental control and three objective indicators of school adjustment (social competence, academic grades, and peer acceptance) and (b) to explore whether this association was moderated by individual characteristics of social identity and grit. A total of 120 Chinese middle school students (42.5% females) aged between 13 and 15 years old were recruited for this study, and research data were gathered from multiple sources. To be specific, students were asked to complete a set of self-report questionnaires concerning parental control, social identity, and grit. Meanwhile, school-related social competence was rated by head teachers; academic grades were obtained from school records; and peer acceptance was assessed by sociometric nominations. The results from hierarchical regression analyses showed that parental control was negatively associated with academic grades. Moreover, when reporting higher levels of social identity, parental control was negatively related to social competence and peer acceptance for those students with lower levels of grit. Our findings suggest that parental control can dampen middle school students' academic performance, and low levels of grit can magnify the detrimental effect of parental control on social competence and peer acceptance in middle school students who regard themselves as closely connected to social groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior research has stated that successful emotion regulation (ER) contributes to psychological health and favorable interpersonal relationships. However, few studies have explored adaptive ER strategies in a school setting. The present study targeted Japanese female adolescents and examined the relationship between two specific ER strategies (reappraisal and suppression) and school adjustment, with social support as a mediating variable. Two hundred and seventy Japanese middle school girls completed measures of ER, perceived social support, and subjective school adjustment. The results showed that school adjustment was highest among reappraisers, followed by a balanced group who used both strategies with equal frequency, then suppressors. In addition, reappraisal showed both direct and indirect effects on school adjustment, while suppression showed only a negative indirect effect on school adjustment. Our findings suggest that reappraisal is an effective strategy that promotes receiving social support and consequently enhances school adjustment. Suppression, on the other hand, has neither favorable nor harmful impacts on school adjustment, but may, in the long run, result in poorer adjustment by impairing social relationships among adolescent girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Prosocial themes in preschoolers' mental representations were related to lower peer victimization. • Physical victimization was a negative predictor of school adjustment and prosocial attention from peers was a positive predictor. • Prosocial themes were indirectly associated with better school adjustment via lower physical victimization. We examined direct and indirect associations among preschool-age children's attachment-related mental representations of mothers and peer relationships with their early school adjustment. One hundred and eighteen preschoolers attending Head Start programs were administered a story stem completion task to measure prosocial and antisocial themes in their attachment representations. Approximately two months later, teachers reported on children's physical and relational peer victimization and prosocial attention from peers. Another three months later, trained observers rated preschoolers' school adjustment. Children's prosocial themes in their attachment-related mental representations were negatively related to reported experiences of physical and relational peer victimization. Physical peer victimization was associated with poorer school adjustment and prosocial attention from peers was associated with better school adjustment. Children's prosocial themes in their attachment-related mental representations were indirectly associated with better school adjustment via lower physical peer victimization. We discuss the implications of these findings for future research and intervention on peer victimization in early childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study examined the mediating effects of children's media device addiction and executive function difficulty in the relationship between maternal parenting behavior and children's school adjustment. Methods: The study sample was 600 elementary school third graders (308 boys, 292 girls) who had participated in the tenth wave of the Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC). The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlations and structural equation modeling (SEM) with SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 20.0. Results: First, maternal parenting behavior had a significant direct effect on children's school adjustment. Second, maternal parenting behavior had an indirect effect on children's school adjustment through children's media device addiction and executive function difficulty. In other words, when mothers showed higher levels of positive parenting behavior, children tended to have lower levels of media device addiction and executive function difficulty, which, in turn, led to more school adjustment. Conclusion: These results add to a better understanding of the mechanism linking maternal parenting behavior to children's school adjustment and especially emphasize the importance of executive function for children's school adjustment. These findings can serve as an important contribution to future research and practices for promoting children's school adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the types of educational support for mothers of early school-aged children, identify the influence of education belief and parenting capability on the different types, and compare the level of children's school adjustment by the type of educational support. Methods: A latent profile analysis, multiple logistic regression, and one-way ANOVA were conducted using data on 380 children from the Panel Study on Korean Parent Educational Involvement (PSKPEI) in 2017 (1st grade) and 2018 (2nd grade). Results: First, the latent profiles of parental educational support were classified into three types: guidance/experience, guidance/control, and achievement/control. Second, the probability of being classified into each type differed depending on the predictive factors. In particular, the latent profiles of parental educational support were significantly explained by the following predictors: a) identifying with the child among the sub-factors of education belief, and b) understanding development, career development of child, and supportive environment among the sub-factors of parenting capability. Third, children of guidance/experience type parents were more likely to adapt to school life than those of the other types in the second grade. Conclusion: This study empirically confirmed the influence of parental education support by showing that the level of children's early adjustment to elementary school depends on the types of parental educational support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• School readiness initiatives would be improved by including children's priorities. • Children's priorities from interviews were compared against trial outcome measures. • Priorities for academic skills and aspects of self-regulation were well measured. • Self-efficacy, social skills, creative thinking and play were partially measured. • School liking, environment and family-school relations were absent from measures. Young children in communities facing socioeconomic disadvantage are increasingly targeted by school readiness interventions. Interventions are stronger if they address stakeholders' priorities, yet children's priorities for early school adjustment are rarely accounted for in intervention design including selection of outcome measures. The Children's Thoughts about School Study (CTSS) examined young children's accounts of their early school experiences, and their descriptions of what a new school starter would need to know. Mixed-method interviews were conducted with 42 kindergarten children in a socioeconomically deprived suburb of Dublin, Ireland. First, inductive thematic analysis identified 25 priorities across four domains: feeling able and enthusiastic for school; navigating friendships and victimisation; supportive environments with opportunities to play; bridging school and family life. Second, deductive analysis compared children's priorities at item level against a school readiness outcome battery. Children's priorities were assigned to three groups: (1) assessed by outcome measures (core academic competencies, aspects of self-regulation); (2) partially assessed (self-efficacy, social skills for friendship formation and avoiding victimisation, creative thinking, play); and (3) not assessed by outcome measures (school liking, school environment, family-school involvement). This analysis derived from children's own perspectives suggests that readiness interventions aiming to support early school adjustment would benefit from considering factors children consider salient. It offers recommendations for advancing conceptual frameworks, improving assessment, and identifying new targets for supporting children and schools. In doing so we provide a platform for children's priorities to be integrated into the policies and practices that shape their early lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to design and validate a scale of attitudes towards the natural environment among Spanish teenagers. 72 items were generated from the writings of 264 adolescents on attitudes towards the environment. Through expert judgement and a pilot study, a depuration was carried out, reducing the scale to 9 items that were administered to a sample of 833 adolescents of both sexes. By means of an exploratory Factor analysis, two dimensions were identified, proximal attitude and distal attitude, which were replicated through a confirmatory analysis whose results showed a good fit to the data. Reliability indices were adequate and with respect to validity significant relationships were obtained with empathy with the natural environment in its two dimensions, cognitive and emotional, and school adjustment. Significant gender differences were also found in distal, but not proximal, attitudes. Results obtained are analysed and the importance of this scale in environmental research in adolescence is also highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The present study seeks to define and contrast an explanatory model of motivational climate, school adjustment and family functioning, and to analyse the existing associations between the aforementioned variables through structural equation analysis. The sample includes 2,134 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years from the province of Granada. Motivational climate (PMCSQ-2), school adjustment (EBAE-10) and family functioning (APGAR) are analysed. A descriptive cross-sectional design is used and the program AMOS 23.0 is employed to construct the multi-group structural equation model. The model showed appropriate fit (X² = 241.34; df = 17; p < .001; CFI = .953; NFI = .950; IFI = .953; RMSEA = .079). The present study revealed that task-oriented motivational climates toward assignments generate higher levels of school adjustment within students. In fact, this same motivational climate is directly associated with family functioning, with these being considered positive variables for determining a good climate in the physical education classroom. On the other hand, an ego-oriented motivational climate was inversely related with school adjustment, without being linked to family functioning. All of this reveals the importance of promoting more self-determined types of motivation in the classroom, which encourage cooperation between group members, effort and personal improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the influence of acculturative stress and ego-resiliency on the relationship between peer victimization and school adjustment of children in multi-cultural families. Specifically, the mediating effect of acculturative stress and the moderating effect of egoresiliency were examined in the relationship between peer victimization and school adjustment. Methods: The research subjects for the first year panel survey conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute were 1,635 children of multi-cultural families completed self-report questionnaires designed to assess peer victimization, acculturative stress, ego-resiliency, and school adjustment. Data were analyzed for the moderated mediating effect between variables using PROCESS Macro methods. Results: First, acculturative stress partially mediated the relationship between peer victimization and school adjustment. Second, ego-resiliency significantly moderated the relationship between peer victimization and acculturative stress. Namely significantly suggested that peer victimization was more weakly associated with acculturative stress as ego-resiliency was strengthen. Lastly, the mediating effect of acculturative stress was moderated by ego-resiliency in the relation between peer victimization and school adjustment. Conclusion: Methods are suggested to improve school adjustment of children from multi-cultural families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the well-established link between an immigrant's destination-language proficiency and psychological well-being, little is known about the relationship between an immigrant's destination-language proficiency and well-being of their children. This study investigated whether and how immigrant mothers' Korean proficiency is associated with life satisfaction and depressive symptoms among their children in South Korea. A comprehensive set of potential underlying mechanisms was also examined. Using four waves of data from the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study (MAPS), this study estimated fixed effects regression models to reduce the possibility of bias due to individual-level heterogeneity. To test for mediation formally, Sobel mediation tests were conducted. Fixed effects estimates suggested that immigrant mothers' Korean proficiency is positively associated with their children's psychological well-being. Specifically, a one-standard-deviation increase in Korean proficiency was associated with an increase in life satisfaction by 13% of a standard deviation and a decrease in depressive symptoms by 9% of a standard deviation. Mediation tests revealed that this association is explained by a combination of social-psychological factors. Friend support was the most salient mediator, followed by lower acculturation stress, positive perceptions of local community, and teacher support. The findings of this study suggest that efforts to improve immigrant mothers' destination-language proficiency would also benefit their children's psychological well-being. Furthermore, promoting children's relationships with peers at school may mitigate the negative psychological consequences of immigrant mothers' limited language proficiency. • Immigrant mothers' Korean proficiency affects children's psychological well-being. • These effects are explained by a combination of social-psychological factors. • Friend support was the most salient mediator. • Some effects were explained by acculturation, community, and teacher factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aims to clarify the mediation effect of classroom adjustment on the relationships between inter-peer group status and school adjustment. Four hundred thirty-nine Japanese public middle school students had participated in this survey and completed self-report questionnaires. The results revealed that inter-group status, classroom adjustment, and school adjustment are related to each other positively. From a mediation analysis, we have established that there is a significant indirect effect of classroom adjustment on the relationships between inter-peer group status and school adjustment. The discussion of this study dealt with the process of understanding the reason for the higher peer group status being more adjusted at schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School transitions require students to adapt to new challenges and situations and can increase the risk of externalizing and internalizing psychological symptoms. The teacher-student relationship seems to be a protective factor for the risk of developing psychological symptoms during school transitions. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether the quality of the teacher-student relationship predicts the decrease of internalizing and externalizing symptoms during three school transitions, namely: from kindergarten to primary school (T1), from primary to middle school (T2), and from middle to high school (T3). We recruited 127 kindergarten students (mean age = 5.40, SD = 0.49), 113 fifth grade primary school students (mean age = 10.64, SD = 0.54), and 240 eighth grade students (mean age = 13.88, SD = 0.37) and their teachers (response rate = 95%). Data were collected from 2016 to 2018. Teachers filled out an anonymous survey, acting as informants for the students, reporting demographic details (age, gender), psychological symptoms, and quality of the teacher-student relationship. The data show that a positive teacher-student relationship quality tends to be associated with a reduction of psychological symptoms. A stable, low-conflict teacher-student relationship was confirmed as a protective factor from increased internalizing and externalizing symptoms during all normative school transitions. Furthermore, we see that an increase in teacher-student conflict during the transitions from primary to middle school, and from middle to high school is linked to an exacerbation in students’ externalizing symptoms during the first year of attendance of the new school. Our study confirms the importance of the teacher-student relationship in reducing psychological symptoms associated with school transitions, in every type of transition, favoring an improved psychological adjustment to the new environment. A positive teacher-student relationship represents a protective factor for the development of students. Study limitations are discussed.

RESUMO: A escolarização dos Adolescentes em Conflitos com a Lei caracteriza-se, em geral, por indicadores negativos. Focalizando a experiência escolar destes adolescentes, Bazon, Silva e Ferrari relatam a existência de dois padrões de trajetórias, tendo por base dados de uma amostra de 06 jovens. Adotando este estudo como referência, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivos descrever o percurso escolar de adolescentes em conflito com a Lei e compreender sua experiência escolar. A investigação, de natureza qualitativa, baseada em uma abordagem biográfica, contou com a colaboração de 12 adolescentes. Os dados coletados através de entrevistas foram tratados por meio de análise de conteúdo temática. Os resultados indicaram duas trajetórias escolares: Trajetória I - Da boa à má experiência escolar e Trajetória II - Uma experiência escolar preponderantemente negativa, embora pontuada por vivências positivas. As trajetórias escolares encontradas assemelharam-se às descritas por Bazon, Silva e Ferrari, porém acrescentam/detalham informações.

This study investigated psychological mechanisms underlying the relationship between stressful life events and school adjustment in Chinese adolescents. The Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Checklist, the Adolescent Executive Function Scale, the Chinese version of the Resilience Scale, and the School-adjustment Scale were administered to 1101 Chinese adolescents (465 males, 636 females), aged 11–19 years, from three secondary schools. Results from serial mediation analysis revealed that perceived stressful life events could affect school adjustment through the mediation of executive function and resilience. The mediation effect contained three paths, the separate mediation effect of executive function, the separate mediation effect of resilience, and the serial mediation effect of executive function and resilience. These findings provide valuable insights into the effect of perceived stressful life events on school adjustment of Chinese adolescents, and suggest that, the researchers and educators could enhance school adjustment in vulnerable groups by improving their executive function and resilience.

This study investigated the long-term trends of acculturative stress, peer relationship, and school adjustment among adolescents from multicultural families in South Korea, and examined the concurrent and lagged effects of multicultural family support services (MFSS) on the longitudinal changes in the variables of interest. Concurrent and lagged models as well as developmental trajectories via latent growth modeling (LGM) were employed on a sample of 1,443 middle school students (706 boys, 737 girls) from the Multicultural Youth Panel Survey (MAPS). The results revealed that peer relationships and school adjustment perceived by adolescents demonstrated consistent, gradual declines across 3-year time points while there was a lack of significant change in acculturative stress during the same period. The absence of significant change in acculturative stress could be attributed to floor effects, stemming from its initial low mean level. Nevertheless, the LGM modeling also exhibited significant concurrent and lagged effects of MFSS at the first and third time points of investigation. The intermittent significant effects of MFSS and the direction of its improvement were discussed. More educational interventions guiding students from multicultural families would be needed as they navigate the complexities of adolescence., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Ahn, Lee and Jin.)

This study examined teacher perceptions of social competence and school adjustment in a Lithuanian sample of 403 elementary school children followed from the 1st to the 2nd grade. All children were aged 7 or 8 years in the 1st grade. The teacher–reported school adjustment indicators measured concurrently in the 1st and 2nd grade included academic achievement, student–teacher relationships, and school anxiety. Results indicated that in the 1st and 2nd grade both interpersonal and learning-related aspects of social competence as reported by teachers were significantly correlated with all aspects of teacher-assessed school adjustment measured in this study. Further analysis using structural equation modeling revealed that both aspects of social competence together accounted for about a third of variance in academic achievement in the 1st and 2nd grade. Learning-related social competence alone accounted for a similar amount of variance in student–teacher conflict, while interpersonal social competence was moderately linked to social anxiety in school and student–teacher closeness.

The present study is embedded in the contextual approach of acculturation research. It examines teachers' attitudes and behaviors, teachers' expectations as well as their teaching practices as risk and resource factors in minority students' school adjustment. The study applies the method of content analysis and uses a deductively developed and inductively enriched system of categories. The results of the study provide an integrative review of qualitative research on the role teachers play in the acculturation process of minority youth and their adjustment outcomes in the school context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Successful adaptation among immigrant youths is a highly important issue for multiple stakeholders in many countries because of its potential long-term significance for the well-being of migrants and the prosperity and social cohesion of the receiving societies. In this article, I examine immigrant-youth adaptation through the lens of a recently developed resilience model. What are the risks that threaten immigrant youths' adaptation? What are the promotive or protective influences that support their positive adaptation? These questions are addressed using scientific evidence drawn from the Athena Studies of Resilient Adaptation project, a two-cohort, three-wave longitudinal project on immigrant-youth adaptation conducted in Greece, as well as from the international literature. Risks and resources for immigrant youths' concurrent and long-term adaptation are examined in societal, developmental, and acculturative contexts. The integrative model and related scientific findings may inform public policy, as well as guide future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze a Structural Equation Model (SEM) of mothers’ responsive or restrictive parenting and covert narcissism and school adjustment among school children. Methods: The participants were 329 elementary school children in Daegu and Gyeongbuk Province. Self-reporting questionnaires were used to investigate the mothers’ responsive or restrictive parenting perceived by children and covert narcissism and school adjustment among school children. Results: The results were obtained using SEM and are as follows. First, mothers’ responsive parenting positively influenced children’s covert narcissism, and mothers’ restrictive parenting negatively influenced children’s covert narcissism. Second, children’s covert narcissism had a positive influence on school adjustment. Third, mothers’ responsive and restrictive parenting perceived by children indirectly influenced school adjustment by children’s covert narcissism. Conclusion: For children’s school adjustment, covert narcissism could be managed by more responsive and less restrictive parenting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was to examine the effects of social relations on school adjustment of in the middle school students on the mediating effect of stress coping style. The data of 3,406 middle school students in the study on ‘2016 Measurements of Korean Youth Competence and International Comparative Study Ⅲ’ by the NYPI were analysed. For data analysis, reliability analysis, correlation among variables, analysis of multiple linear regression analysis were conducted. The results of the study were: (1) social relations were found a key factor affecting the school adjustment of middle school students, (2) their social relations affected stress coping style, (3) stress coping style affected school adjustment, (4) stress coping style was proved to have the mediating effect between social relations and school adjustment. In conclusion, the implications and limitations were suggested for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the self-esteem of junior high school students as a product of the sense of authenticity and contingent self-esteem to determine how this product affects school adjustment. Self-esteem was classified into four types, based on combinations of students' sense of authenticity and superiority. We examined 676 students in the first to third years of junior high school. Our hypothesis was partially supported: no difference in the ratio of appearance of these two factors according to academic year was observed in the four types of combination of the senses of authenticity and superiority. Further, the sense of authenticity affected school adjustment more significantly than the sense of superiority did. Additionally, students with both a high sense of authenticity and a high sense of superiority had good social skills and exhibited the highest level of school adjustment, indicating the importance of a balance between these senses of selfesteem for junior high school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, classrooms in many countries have become more culturally diverse. However, students from ethnic minorities and students with immigrant backgrounds are at greater risk of lower social, psychological, and academic adjustment than their native peers. Therefore, schools all over the world are challenged by the question of how to help diverse students adjust to school independent of their ethnic background and family resources. The current special issue focuses on how schools and school psychologists can support positive interethnic attitudes and positive relationships in ethnically diverse classrooms as well as individual well-being, belonging, and academic achievement as different facets of school adjustment. The special issue includes three studies with empirical findings on the role of contextual and individual factors for school adjustment among minority and majority youth in diverse school contexts: Geerlings, Thjis, and Verkuyten study the modeling of outgroup attitudes via teachers' attitudes and more or less consistent behavior, Guerra, Rodrigues, Aguiar, Carmona, Alexandre, and Costa Lopes focus on the interplay of acculturation strategies and of perceived discrimination with school achievement and well-being. Caravita, Strohmeier, Salmivalli, and Di Blasio compare bullying and moral disengagement processes in majority and minority children. Five other studies report evaluations of evidence-based interventions that were tested among ethnically diverse youth in different school settings in two European countries, in Israel, and in the US – two on prejudice reduction (Brenick, Lawrence, Carvalheiro & Berger; Mäkinen, Liebkind, Jasinskaja-Lahti, & Renvik), and three on the effects of 'wise interventions' - self-affirmation and belonging interventions - on trust in teachers and behavioral conduct (Binning et al.), on students' sense of belonging and academic outcomes (Marksteiner, Janke, & Dickhäuser), and on math performance of students (Lokhande & Müller). The evaluation studies show differential effects across contexts and samples that point toward important mechanisms and moderators that may help practitioners adjust these programs to specific contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate and compare educational placement and school adjustment of children with cochlear implants between China and Czech Republic for more appropriate educational placement, and facilitating school adjustment. This comparative study of 43 children with cochlear implants between Czech and China was conducted through questionnaire survey and in-depth interview followed by field observation. Among a continuum of educational placement including regular class, resource room, deaf school, institution and home stay, research findings suggest participant children generally adapt to the placement based on three indicators: environmental conditions, interpersonal relationship and academic achievement. Statistically significant difference exists in overall school adjustment of children between the groups. Child characteristics, family related and placement related factors influence on both of educational placement and school adjustment. Educational support provided in regular school is inadequate. Reported by both groups that communication barrier and poor academic performance are main reasons for children's transition from regular class to deaf school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between executive function (i.e., inhibition, working memory, and shifting) and school adjustment in upper elementary school students. Methods: A total of 69 upper elementary school students participated in this study. They responded to questions regarding their perceived self-efficacy and school adjustment, and in addition, three tasks of executive function were administered: Stroop color and word test, digit span test, and trail making test. Results: The subjects’ perceived self-efficacy was found to partially mediate the relationship between their ability to inhibit and shift and school adjustment. However, the relationship between working memory and school adjustment was not mediated by self-efficacy. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of executive function and self-efficacy on school adjustment during the upper elementary school period. Findings from this study may be useful for the development of a self-efficacy enhancement program for upper elementary school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition from primary to secondary school poses considerable social and emotional adjustment challenges to most students. As a result of this, some students suffer setback in their academic performance and interpersonal relationships which may further lead to truancy, absenteeism and early school dropout. These jeopardise their future career, employment opportunities and life chances. This study was carried out to determine the effects of emotional intelligence training and transactional analytic psychotherapy on school adjustment of students transiting to secondary school in Ibadan, Nigeria. The moderating effects of gender and self-efficacy were also examined. A pretest-posttest control group experimental design with a 3x2x2 factorial matrix was adopted. Multistage sampling procedure was employed. Three Local Government Areas with large number of pupils transiting were purposively selected from Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. 111 secondary school students of Junior Secondary School 1 were screened for poor school adjustment and were randomly assigned to Emotional Intelligence Training (EIT) (39), Transactional Analytic Psychotherapy (TAP) (31) and Control (41) groups. Treatment lasted eight weeks. Data were analysed using Analysis of covariance and Bonferroni Post-hoc test at the 0.05 level of significance. The results indicated that there were significant main effects of treatment and self-efficacy on school adjustment. Emotional intelligence training and transactional analytic psychotherapy were effective in enhancing school adjustment of pupils transiting to secondary school. Counsellors and educational psychologists should utilise these therapies to promote school adjustment of pupils transiting to secondary school, particularly with those with low efficacy regardless of their gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This longitudinal study investigated the links between school anxiety, social competence, and teacher–student relationship in the 1st grade and academic achievement in the 3rd grade. The sample consisted of 389 Lithuanian school children who at the time of the study started their 1st year in elementary school. Regression analyses indicated that while the learning-related aspect of social competence at the 1st grade strongly predicted academic achievement in the 3rd grade, interpersonal aspect of social competence did not add any extra variance to the prediction. Both teacher–student conflict and social school anxiety at school entry made small but significant contributions towards prediction of academic achievement in the 3rd grade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]