Search

Your search keyword '"Saunders, John B."' showing total 729 results
Start Over Author "Saunders, John B."
729 results on '"Saunders, John B."'

152. Web-based alcohol screening and brief intervention for Māori and non-Māori: the New Zealand e-SBINZ trials

Author

Kypri, Kypros, McCambridge, Jim, Cunningham, John A., Vater, Tina, Bowe, Steve, De Graaf, Brandon, Saunders, John B., Dean, Johanna, Kypri, Kypros, McCambridge, Jim, Cunningham, John A., Vater, Tina, Bowe, Steve, De Graaf, Brandon, Saunders, John B., and Dean, Johanna

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Hazardous alcohol consumption is a leading modifiable cause of mortality and morbidity among young people. Screening and brief intervention (SBI) is a key strategy to reduce alcohol-related harm in the community, and web-based approaches (e-SBI) have advantages over practitioner-delivered approaches, being cheaper, more acceptable, administrable remotely and infinitely scalable. An efficacy trial in a university population showed a 10-minute intervention could reduce drinking by 11% for 6 months or more among 17-24 year-old undergraduate hazardous drinkers. The e-SBINZ study is designed to examine the effectiveness of e-SBI across a range of universities and among Māori and non-Māori students in New Zealand. METHODS/DESIGN: The e-SBINZ study comprises two parallel, double blind, multi-site, individually randomised controlled trials. This paper outlines the background and design of the trial, which is recruiting 17-24 year-old students from seven of New Zealand's eight universities. Māori and non-Māori students are being sampled separately and are invited by e-mail to complete a web questionnaire including the AUDIT-C. Those who score >4 will be randomly allocated to no further contact until follow-up (control) or to assessment and personalised feedback (intervention) via computer. Follow-up assessment will occur 5 months later in second semester. Recruitment, consent, randomisation, intervention and follow-up are all online. Primary outcomes are (i) total alcohol consumption, (ii) frequency of drinking, (iii) amount consumed per typical drinking occasion, (iv) the proportions exceeding medical guidelines for acute and chronic harm, and (v) scores on an academic problems scale. DISCUSSION: The trial will provide information on the effectiveness of e-SBI in reducing hazardous alcohol consumption across diverse university student populations with separate effect estimates for Māori and non-Māori students. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinic

Published
2010

153. The hospital outpatient alcohol project (HOAP): protocol for an individually randomized, parallel-group superiority trial of electronic alcohol screening and brief intervention versus screening alone for unhealthy alcohol use

Author

Johnson, Natalie A, primary, Kypri, Kypros, additional, Saunders, John B, additional, Saitz, Richard, additional, Attia, John, additional, Dunlop, Adrian, additional, Doran, Christopher, additional, McElduff, Patrick, additional, Wolfenden, Luke, additional, and McCambridge, Jim, additional

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

156. A randomized, placebo-controlled phase I trial of DNA prime, recombinant fowlpox virus boost prophylactic vaccine for HIV-1

Author

Kelleher, Anthony D, Puls, Rebekah, Bebbington, Mark, Boyle, David B, Ffrench, Rosemary A, Kent, Stephen J, Kippax, Susan, Purcell, Damian F J, Thomson, Scott, Wand, Handan, Cooper, David A., Emery, Sean, Munier, Mee Ling, Coupar, Barbara E H, Fielden, Robert, Jaramillo, Angel B, Keoshkerian, Elizabeth, Law, Matthew G, Ramsay, Alistair, Ramshaw, Ian, Satchell, Claudette, Van Bockel, David, Saunders, John B, Kelleher, Anthony D, Puls, Rebekah, Bebbington, Mark, Boyle, David B, Ffrench, Rosemary A, Kent, Stephen J, Kippax, Susan, Purcell, Damian F J, Thomson, Scott, Wand, Handan, Cooper, David A., Emery, Sean, Munier, Mee Ling, Coupar, Barbara E H, Fielden, Robert, Jaramillo, Angel B, Keoshkerian, Elizabeth, Law, Matthew G, Ramsay, Alistair, Ramshaw, Ian, Satchell, Claudette, Van Bockel, David, and Saunders, John B

Abstract

An HIV-vaccine consisting of a DNA prime, recombinant fowlpox virus (rFPV) boost was evaluated in a double-blind placebo controlled trial. One milligram of pHIS-HIV-B expressing mutated gag, pol, env, vpu, tat and rev was administered at weeks 0 and 4 boosted by 5 × 107 pfu rFPV-HIV-B expressing gag/pol at week 8. The vaccine regimen was safe, but there was no difference between vaccine (n = 18) and placebo recipients (n = 6) for Gag or Pol-specific T-cell immune responses at week 9.

Published
2006

158. BackMatter.

Author

Latt, Noeline, Conigrave, Katherine, Saunders, John B., Marshall, E. Jane, and Nutt, David

Published
2014

159. FrontMatter.

Author

Latt, Noeline, Conigrave, Katherine, Saunders, John B., Marshall, E. Jane, and Nutt, David

Published
2014

160. Diagnostic Issues in Substance Use Disorders : Refining the Research Agenda for DSM-V

Author

Saunders, John B., American Psychiatric Association, Saunders, John B., and American Psychiatric Association

Subjects
Substance abuse--Diagnosis, Substance abuse--Classification
Abstract

Inviting the help of colleagues worldwide, the concise Diagnostic Issues in Substance Use Disorders is part of the new series Advancing the Research Agenda for DSM-V. Its 19 chapters by an international group of experts are designed to stimulate questions that will help guide research related to the development of the next editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), with the goal of ensuring that the major substance use diagnoses represent the same condition in both references. They cover 10 major issues in three main sections: • Overarching issues relevant for the development of international diagnostic systems -- statistical modeling techniques and whether DSM-V should use categorical and/or dimensional diagnostic approaches; methods review, emphasizing new hybrid techniques for developing and testing diagnostic concepts; the need for separate clinical and research-oriented diagnostic criteria, incorporating both categorical and dimensional attributes; neurobiological changes characterizing substance dependence; the importance of cultural attributes in developing definitions of substance use disorders; and the history of the development of diagnostic systems and how to optimize the'crosswalk'between DSM and ICD.• Research questions more specific to the substance use disorders section of DSM -- comorbidity between substance use disorders and other psychiatric conditions, the relatively unique clinical course of substance-induced mental disorders and appropriate treatment approaches; the precision of the criteria and threshold for a diagnosis and how to improve them; the subtypes of substance use disorder, including how they have been derived and the extent to which they relate to neurobiological processes; the seemingly high prevalence of alcohol dependence in young people; suggested research questions to evaluate the application of diagnostic criteria to adolescents; and the specific psychoactive substances cannabis and nicotine.• Whether substance use disorders should be included in a broader section termed'addictive disorders'-- impulse-control disorders (especially pathological gambling and the advantages and disadvantages of adding it to the current substance use disorders section), identifying research opportunities regarding their assessment and neurocognitive and physiological bases, discussing the specifics of the research agenda and how it might be implemented, and presenting questions generated by the research agenda developmental process. This informative compendium distills the findings of a wealth of recent research and concludes with recommendations for exploiting research opportunities that promise to inform decisions regarding DSM-V and other classification systems. As such, it will prove invaluable for clinicians and researchers everywhere.

Published
2007

162. DrugCheck Problem List

Author

Kavanagh, David J., primary, Trembath, Mark, additional, Shockley, Natalie, additional, Connolly, Jennifer, additional, Jennifer, Angela, additional, Isailovic, Alex, additional, Young, Ross McD, additional, Saunders, John B., additional, Byrne, Gerard J., additional, and Connor, Jason, additional

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

166. Getting to grips with heroin and other opioid use

Author

Saunders, John B. and Richards, Alun H.

Subjects
Heroin habit -- Care and treatment, Health
Abstract

Effective evidence-based treatments for heroin uses in Australian are examined.

Published
2000

175. Contrasting views and experiences of health professionals on the management of comorbid substance misuse and mental disorders

Author

Kavanagh, David J., Greenaway, Lea, Jenner, Linda, Saunders, John B., White, Angela, Sorban, Josie, Hamilton, Gail, Kavanagh, David J., Greenaway, Lea, Jenner, Linda, Saunders, John B., White, Angela, Sorban, Josie, and Hamilton, Gail

Abstract

Objectives: To determine opinions and experiences of health professionals concerning the management of people with comorbid substance misuse and mental health disorders. Method: We conducted a survey of staff from mental health services and alcohol and drug services across Queensland. Survey items on problems and potential solutions had been generated by focus groups. Results: We analysed responses from 112 staff of alcohol and drug services and 380 mental health staff, representing a return of 79% and 42% respectively of the distributed surveys. One or more issues presented a substantial clinical management problem for 98% of respondents. Needs for increased facilities or services for dual disorder clients figured prominently. These included accommodation or respite care, work and rehabilitation programs, and support groups and resource materials for families. Needs for adolescent dual diagnosis services and after-hours alcohol and drug consultations were also reported. Each of these issues raised substantial problems for over 70% of staff. Another set of problems involved coordination of client care across mental health and alcohol and drug services, including disputes over duty of care. Difficulties with intersectoral liaison were more pronounced for alcohol and drug staff than for mental health. A majority of survey respondents identified 13 solutions as practical. These included routine screening for dual diagnosis at intake, and a range of proposals for closer intersectoral communication such as exchanging client information, developing shared treatment plans, conducting joint case conferences and offering consultation facilities. Conclusions: A wide range of problems for the management of comorbid disorders were identified. While solution of some problems will require resource allocation, many may be addressed by closer liaison between existing services.

Published
2000

185. Collateral damage from alcohol abuse: the enormous costs to Australia

Author

Tai, Yen F., Saunders, John B., and Celermajer, David S.

Subjects
Australia -- Social policy, Alcoholism -- Economic aspects, Liquor laws -- Social aspects, Health
Abstract

The costs of alcohol abuse to innocent bystanders in Australia have not received a lot of attention but alcohol abuse cost Australia $4.5 billion in 1992. Collateral damage includes damage to fetuses from mothers who abuse alcohol, damage to innocents and property when people drive drunk and damage from the impaired judgment of doctors using alcohol. Much of this damage could be prevented by stricter liquor laws and law enforcement, taxation by alcohol content and other public policy initiatives.

Published
1998

190. Diagnosis and Classification of Substance Use Disorders.

Author

Saunders, John B. and Latt, Noeline C.

Abstract

Substance use and misuse exist at a hierarchy of disorders. Some forms of substance use, e.g., alcohol, are non-harmful or at least very low risk, while others, such as the prescription of benzodiazepines, are medically appropriate in certain circumstances. However, alcohol, certain prescribed (and pharmacy) medications, and illicit drugs have an inherent capacity to cause dependence (addiction) and a range of physical, psychological, and social harms. A hierarchy of diagnoses exists to describe various levels of substance use disorders. Repetitive substance use, which confers the risk of harmful consequences because of its known effects, is termed ˵hazardous use″ or ˵risky use″. These terms are used widely by many national authorities and medical and health care organizations. ˵Substance abuse″ is a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition term denoting a maladaptive and repetitive pattern of substance use that causes essentially social and personal problems. ˵Harmful use″ is an International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision term denoting repetitive substance use that actually causes physical or psychiatric harm. The existence of social problems is in itself insufficient for the diagnosis of harmful use. At the top of the hierarchy in both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision is a substance dependence syndrome defined as a psychobiological syndrome that comprises impaired control over substance use, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms and is characterized by continued use of the substance despite harmful consequences. The term ˵dependence syndrome″ has replaced older terms such as ˵alcoholism″ and ˵addiction″, although there is a move presently to reinstate addiction as a diagnostic term. Underlying the dependence syndrome is a set of profound and enduring neurobiological changes in the reward, stress, and control systems in the midbrain and lower forebrain. I liken the dependence syndrome to a powerful internal ˵driving force″ that drives the person΄s use of that substance in a self-perpetuating way. Separate from these diagnoses, which refer to repeated substance use and are the ˵core″ substance use disorders, are the numerous complications, including substance-induced mood disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, and many neuropsychiatric impairments and physical diseases. Diagnosis is based on a set of specific diagnostic criteria that reflect the particular pattern of substance use and the psycho-physiological attributes and mental and other consequences of the condition. Clinical diagnosis of these disorders is based on clinical knowledge and training, and there are several diagnostic interview schedules, together with screening and assessment instruments, that contribute to the diagnosis. Schedules quantifying various forms of substance use also are available; laboratory tests reflecting the physiological effects of alcohol or that detect the presence of a drug or its metabolites also contribute to the diagnosis but do not specifically indicate which one. Cerebral imaging techniques are increasingly powerful demonstrations of the physiological processes of dependence but are not yet at the stage where they can contribute directly to making a diagnosis. The same applies to various genetic and other physiological tests. However, these may well have clinical diagnostic value with their further development in the years ahead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results