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Context: Celiac plexus block (CPB) (is an effective way to reduce cancer-associated pain in upper abdominal malignancies. Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different volumes of 70% alcohol in CPB. Settings and Design: Prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study. Subjects and Methods: Thirty patients of carcinoma gall bladder were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10) to receive 20, 30, and 40 ml of 70% alcohol in CPB. Statistical Analysis Used: All the continuous data were assessed analysis of variance followed by post-hoc tests (Tukey′s Honestly Significant Difference test). Ordinal data were compared using Kruskal-Wallis H-test followed by Mann-Whitney U-test. Categorical comparisons were performed using Chi-square test. Results: A significant difference in visual analog scale (VAS) score of Group I, Group I and Group III was observed from week 6 onward until the end of the study. At all these time intervals, VAS scores in Group I was higher than both Groups II and III during this time interval. VAS scores in Group III were significantly lower as compared to Group II from week 10 onward until the end of the study. As compared to baseline, at all the follow-up intervals, mean morphine requirement was significantly lower in Group II and Group III. A quality of life (QOL) score of Group III were higher as compared to Group I. Between Group II and Group III, significant difference was observed at week 16 only when Group III had a higher score as compared to Group II. Conclusions: VAS score, QOL, and reduction in morphine consumption were increased on increasing the volume of alcohol in CPB, 40 ml being most effective.

In advanced communication technology the microstrip filter has an important job in terms of selectivity and elimination of the undesired signals. In microwave and RF frequency applications the design of filter is complex task as lumped components cannot be used in this range of frequency. Microstrip filters are always preferred over the lumped filters at larger frequency for their compact size, lighter weight, lower cost and higher performance. In this paper the design of grooved microstrip patch resonator bandpass filter is presented at mid-band frequency 1.8 GHz for L-Band applications. It also acts as a band-reject filter at center frequency 1.1 GHz, which is innovative concept in microstrip filter design. Band-pass filter has a high attenuation in stop band, small insertion loss of 0.5744 dB and high return loss of 26.52 dB in the pass band whereas Band-reject filter has a low attenuation, high insertion loss of 21.95 dB and low return loss of 0.2432 dB in the stop band. The result is encouraging and fabrication is also very easy.

In today’s world, nothing seems to be impossible, due to the astonishing advancements in science and technology. Now days, many humans are dependent on internet for their daily chores. But, congestion is one of the major issues, which affects the performance of such data networks. Thus, in order to control congestion, various schemes have been developed. In this research paper, the active queue management (AQM) scheme i.e. random early detection (RED) AQM algorithm is modified using fuzzy logic MATLAB tool, in such a manner that the efficient and reliable performance of the network can be maintained and improved as well. The results are verified with the help of QualNet 6.1 network simulator.

Background: Reproductive health is a crucial part of general health and central features of human development. WHO reported that nearly one-third of all healthy life lost among adolescent girls because of reproductive health problems. 250 million new cases of STD occur worldwide each year with a high rate in 16-19 years age group.Methods: A quantitative study was carried out in 80 adolescent girls and the non-probability purposive sampling technique was used for the selection of the subjects and the school. The data was collected through of using a structured knowledge questionnaire. A structured teaching program was developed and administered to the adolescent group (13-19 years).Results: The data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result revealed that after the intervention the mean and standard deviation of the post-test knowledge was 18.41±3.40 being compared to mean and standard deviation of pre-test knowledge 14.06±2.46. The enhancement of knowledge score is the mean difference 4.35. It indicates that there was a significant improvement in the level of knowledge of participants. The calculated t-value (7.39) on analysis of the data was found to be significant at p value 0.05.Conclusions: The study concluded that a structured teaching programme was significant effective to improving the level of knowledge of reproductive health.

Background: Endodontically treated teeth with extensive loss of tooth structure lacks sufficient support for a permanent restoration. While restoring them with post and core it is important not to disrupt the apical seal. Aim: Evaluation of apical leakage after immediate and delayed postspace preparation using two root canal sealers. Materials and Methods: Sixty single-rooted teeth were decoronated and roots were biomechanically prepared and obturated with gutta-percha and 2 sealers: AH Plus (Group A, n = 30) and Sure-Seal root canal sealer (Group B, n = 30). Groups A and B were subdivided into A1, A2 and B1, B2. Postspace was prepared immediately for A1 and B1. For A2 and B2 post space was prepared after storage in physiologic saline for 1 week. The samples were kept in Rhodamine B dye for 72 h and then sectioned longitudinally to observe dye penetration along the root canal wall under Stereomicroscope. The dye penetration was measured linearly and the values were subjected for statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance and t-test. Results: Statistically significant difference between Group A (1.00 mm) and B (2.71 mm) was observed (P < 0.001). However, the subgroups for immediate and delayed post space preparation did not show statistically significant difference (A1 = 0.947; A2 = 1.043; B1 = 2.306 and B2 = 3.120, P < 0.001). Conclusion: AH plus sealer showed lesser leakage compared to Sure-Seal Root canal sealer. The difference in leakage values was not statistically significant in delayed and immediate post space preparation groups, Time of postspace preparation has no influence on apical leakage.

Uterine leiomyosarcomas are rare aggressive tumors, with high recurrence rates, even when confined to the uterine corpus at the time of diagnosis. It arises from smooth muscle of uterus and is a rare tumor that accounts for 2-5% of all uterine malignancies. These tumors typically spread hematogenously. Patients present with vague symptoms similar to those of patients with leiomyomas. Most patients are diagnosed with leiomyosarcoma postoperatively. Although prognosis remains dismal, various ongoing studies are investigating the role of advanced imaging, multimodality treatment, prognostic nomograms, and unique biomedical pathways to increase understanding of leiomyosarcoma and improve therapeutic options for patients. 46 years old para2 live2 postmenopausal (since 1.5 year) female presented to outpatient clinic with complaints of bleeding per vaginum, foul smelling discharge, unquantified weight loss and something coming out of vagina since 1.5 months. On abdominal examination, an irregular midline mass arising from pelvis corresponding to 20 weeks gestational size of uterus was present. On vaginal examination, 3 infected vaginal growths were present in vagina maximum 4x4cm. Intra-operatively, uterus was nearly 20 weeks size with irregular surface. A 3×3 cm subseroal fibroid with necrotic surface was present on posterior wall of uterus. Cut section of the operative specimen showed myohyperplasia which was compressing the uterine cavity, some necrotic areas were also present. Vaginal growths - 4×4 cm on left vaginal wall near introitus with necrotic surface, 3×3 cm on right vaginal wall, 1×1 cm on right upper vaginal wall present. Excision of vaginal growth was done and was sent for histopathology. Histopathologic examination of sections of uterus showed all features were suggestive of leiomyosarcoma uterus.

The trends in the acceptability of contraceptives is globally shifting from permanent sterilisation to long acting reversible contraceptive (LARC). With the increasing use of IUCD, the knowledge of its common and rare complications has become pertinent. One of them is cervical perforation in which strings are mostly visible and hence it can be easily missed. Here we present a rare case of cervical perforation which was timely detected before it could have caused more damage. A patient complaining of IUCD associated pain should undergo thorough examination and a probability of perforation should be kept in differential diagnosis despite string visibility. A clinician has to be more vigilant about this rare complication to prevent damage to cervix and avoid unwanted pregnancy.

Quisqualis indica L., Syn. Combretum indicum (L.) DeFilipps., known as Rangoon creeper or Chinese Honeysuckle, is an abundant source of phenols and flavonoids thathave crucial role in free radical scavenging. Therefore, here we investigated whether extract of Q. indica flower has any role against esophagitis through scavenging of free radical oxygen species. In this study, we elucidated the effect of ethanolic flower extract of Q. indica on experimental esophagitis in albino Wister rats. The fasted animals divided into six groups and received carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (0.25%, 3 mL/kg, Sham control) or toxic control or pantoprazole (30 mg/kg) or flower extract of different doses (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) were subjected to pylorus and fore stomach ligation. All the animals were sacrificed after 8 h and evaluated for various parameters such as total acidity, free acidity, gastric pH, volume of gastric juices and esophagitis index. Esophageal tissues were subjected to estimation of various oxidative stress parameters like malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and protein carbonyl (PC). In a separate experiment, in vitro antioxidant assays such as DPPH and H2O2 assays, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also conducted. The results revealed that treatments with pantoprazole and flower extracts significantly inhibited the gastric secretion, total acidity and esophagitis index. Various oxidative stress parameters also restored to normal level in the treated groups. This action could be due to the presence of higher phenolic and flavonoid contents. All these findings collectively suggest that the flower extract of Q. indica possibly possess anti-esophagitis potential.

The synthesis of various benzo[h]quinazoline analogs (4a–f, 6a–d, 8a and 8b) was accomplished through the reaction of chalcone with guanidine. The synthesized compounds (4a–f, 6a–d, 8a and 8b) were screened for their anticancer potential against different cancer cells viz MCF-7, DLD1, A549, DU145 & FaDu cell lines. Compounds 4a, 6a–d & 8b showed significant anticancer activity in these cancer cell lines with a range of IC50 values of 1.5–12.99 μM. A functional study of promising molecule 6d at 7 μM (at the IC50 value) over 24 and 48 h showed that it possesses anticancer activity through triggering apoptosis. In a tubulin polymerization assay, 6d effectively inhibited tubulin polymerization with an IC50 of 2.27 μM. In silico docking studies of 6d revealed that 6d has good affinity with an estrogen receptor as well as a tubulin protein on its β-sheet of the colchicines binding site.

3-Arylbenzopyran based non-steroidal osteogenic agents have been explored as structural templates of estrogen and vitamin-D3. The target molecules 18a–c, 19a–c, 26a–c, 27a–c and intermediates 17a–c and 25a–c were studied for their osteogenic activity in an osteoblast differentiation assay in vitro using mouse calvarial osteoblast cells. Compounds 25c, 26b, 27b and 27c effectively increased ALP activity at 1 pM concentration compared to the untreated cells. The active compounds were devoid of inherent toxicity at 1 pM concentration in osteoblast cells. The most active compound, 27b, was studied for mineralization of osteoblast cells and expression of marker genes, viz. BMP-2, RUNX-2 & Osx, involved in osteogenesis. Molecular docking analysis performed for 27b showed its possible interactions with estrogen receptor-α and -β (ER-α and ER-β) as well as the vitamin-D receptor (VDR).

In this paper our effective approach is to harness electrical energy from the highway by using of vertical axis wind turbine. The smart windmill consists of a stationary shaft which is mounted on the ball bearing on the top and bottom end of the shaft The curvy darrieus blades are connected to the two ends of bearing which is able to rotate on its own axis. The dynamo is connected to the either upper part or lower part of the wind turbine which works on Fleming’s left hand rule of Electromagnetic induction. In highway both at day as well as at night time vehicles will be moving at very high speed. By this method the overall cost per unit of energy produces is less than the cost of new coal, natural gas and its installation. So the implementation can be made easier than any other methods.

The Rectenna consisting of Radio Frequency to Direct Current conversion circuit with antenna for the reception of RF signal needs to be designed to realize efficient power transmission with high conversion efficiency. In this paper, main area of work is to design Rectenna using low pass filter circuit with different order of filters. The parameters of the complete system have been calculated by using Matlab. Simulated results using CST have been compared and analyzed for different orders of filters.

In this paper, we have tried to encapsulate the recent developments in the field of Symmetry based approaches to detect tumor and then came up with a new parameter which plays a crucial role in proving that a high degree of Symmetry is present in an axial normal human brain MRI (Magnetic resonance Imaging) and this symmetry get affected or not present in abnormal cases highlighting the fact that tumor might be present. This paper also reveals one of the major technical flaw or loophole that is present in almost all Symmetry based approaches to detect tumor. As Symmetry is one of the most important properties of a human brain that can be utilized to detect the presence of tumor and other anomalies present in the human Brain. This paper tried to provide the proof of symmetry in human brain through a pixel based analysis using a number of neuro images cases. For the pixel based analysis T2 weighted MRI modality images are used. In this paper we are using T2 MRI images because in it an anomaly appears Hyper intense (brighter than the normal brain tissue).

Background Children living with HIV (CLHIV) commonly experience growth failure. We report growth parameters in CLHIV at baseline and during 3 years of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods Records of CLHIV who had completed at least 3 years on ART were reviewed after excluding subjects who died, were lost to follow-up or developed treatment failure to assess impact of sustained administration of ART. Height-for-age (HFA) and body mass index for age (BFA) Z scores were calculated, and proportion of CLHIV with wasting and stunting estimated at baseline, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after starting ART using the linear mixed model. Factors influencing significant changes in growth parameters were assessed. Results HFA Z score improved steadily from -3.12 at baseline to -2.33 at 36 months of ART. The prevalence of stunting declined from 77.7% to 59.2% during this period. BFA Z scores improved from -1.2 at baseline to -0.4 at12 months on ART but declined to -1.0 at 36 months. The proportion of subjects with wasting was 29.3%, 9.7% and 16.7% at baseline, 12 and 36 months, respectively. Baseline clinical stage (1 + 2), absence of wasting and lower HFA Z score had significant positive influence on changes in HFA Z score, while younger age at ART initiation and a low baseline BFA Z score had a positive influence on catch-up in body mass index. Including data of children who died or developed treatment failure did not impact upon the results. Conclusion Majority of CLHIV are stunted at the start of ART. ART was only partially effective in countering malnutrition and growth failure in CLHIV.

Due to precarious blood supply, skin coverage for defects of leg, heel, dorsum of foot and the ankle has been a complicated task for plastic surgeonsorthopaedic surgeons. The present study aimed to prospectively evaluate the outcome of distally based sural flap for coverage of defects distal third of leg, anklefoot.In this study 15 patients with soft tissue defects on distal third of leg in (n=2), heel (n=4), medial malleolus (n=3), lateral malleolus (n=1), Achillis tendon (n=2), anterior ankle (n=2) and in dorsum of foot (n=1) were operated for coverage of defect by distally based sural flap. All the cases were done as secondary procedures.All the flaps showed good results except five minor complications. Three flaps showed superficial skin necrosis and two showed partial tip necrosis.Distally based sural artery flap is very useful in covering the defects of lower leg, heel and dorsum of foot. It is reliable, easy to raise with minimal morbidity to the patient. This flap does not sacrifice any of the major vessels of the limb and hence it is very safe flap.

A series of substituted 8,8-dimethyl-8H-pyrano[2,3-f]chromen-2-ones (chromeno-coumarin hybrids) was synthesized from scopoletin (11) as vasorelaxing agents. The synthesized compounds 21a-f, 22, 23a-e and scopoletin (11) were evaluated for vasorelaxation in endothelium intact rat main mesenteric artery (MMA). Compounds 11, 21a, 21c-f and 22 showed significant vasorelaxation in precontracted MMA within the range of EC50 value 1.58–5.02 µM. These derivatives presented 29.40–70.89 fold increased sensitivity for experimental tissue compared to scopoletin (11), the parent molecule. Among others, 22 was found to be the most active compound which had EC50 1.58 µM with 70.89 fold increased sensitivity. The mechanistic evaluation of 22 showed that it exerted vasorelaxation through Ca2+-activated K+ (BKca) channel and the effect was endothelium-independent.

BACKGROUND To evaluate the results of conventional radiofrequency thermorhizotomy (CRT) for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) in patients with failed medical management. METHODS Patients with Trigeminal neuralgia who were referred to us for 'limited intervention' during the time frame July-2011 to Jan-2013 were enrolled for this study. CRT was administered by the Sweet technique. Pain relief was evaluated by the principle investigator. RESULTS Eighteen patients were enrolled and completed a mean follow-up of 18.0 months. Pain relief was observed in 14 of 18 (77.8%) patients on the post-operative day, 14 of 18 (77.8%) at 1-month follow-up, 14 of 17 (82.4%) at 3-months follow-up, 12 of 15 (80%) at 6-months follow-up, 7 of 11 (63.6%) at 1-year follow-up and 2 of 6 (33.3%) 1.5 years of follow-up. Four patients required a repeat cycle of CRT; two at six months of follow-up and two at one year of follow-up. One patient was transferred for surgical intervention at six months of follow-up. Side-effects included facial hypoesthesia (n = 6); nausea/vomiting (n = 2), diminished corneal reflex (n = 13) and difficulty in chewing (n = 11). Severity of adverse effects gradually diminished and none of the patients who are beyond 6 months of follow-up have any functional limitation. CONCLUSIONS CRT is an effective method of pain relief for patients with Trigeminal neuralgia. Successful outcome (excellent or good) can be expected in 66.7% of patients after first cycle of CRF. The incidence and severity of adverse effects is less and the procedure is better tolerated by the patients.

In this paper, we propose multiple antennas-based energy detector utilising adaptive double-threshold for spectrum sensing, which enhances detection performance and overcomes sensing failure problem as well. The detection threshold is made adaptive to the fluctuation of the received signal power in each local detector of cognitive radio (CR) user. Numerical results show that by using multiple antennas at the CRs, it is possible to significantly improve detection performance at very low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). It is also found that when the number of antennas (Nr) increase, the probability of detection increases. Proposed work having Nr = 3 outperforms Nr = 1, 2 by 30.6 % and 10.5% at –12 dB SNR and probability of false alarm 0.1, respectively.

A 36-year-old man of Pakistani origin presented with a 10-year-history of unilateral lesions involving his left arm, left torso and left leg. The lesions were painful following showers and on light touch. He was otherwise well with no significant past medical history. There was no family history of similar lesions and his parents were non-consanguineous. On examination, groups of firm reddish brown papules were seen over the left hand side of the body (Fig. 1). The lesions did not cross the midline. On histological examination of a Unilateral Eruption of Painful Papules: A Quiz

Mosquito-borne flaviviruses (MBFVs) are important cause of emerging and re-emerging human diseases nearly worldwide, transmitted by arthropod vectors (mostly aedes and culex mosquitoes), with particular reference to yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, dengue fever virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, Murray Valley encephalitis virus, etc. In over 100 countries, more than 2.5 billion people are at risk of infection, and approximately 20 million infections are reported annually. Through the analysis of gene sequence data of these virus populations it is possible to infer phylogenetic relationships, which in turn can yield important epidemiological information, including their demographic history. Early attempts to define the evolutionary relationships and origins of viruses in the genus flavivirus are hampered by the lack of genetic information particularly amongst the MBFVs. In this study, complete genome, translated polyprotein, structural and non-structural proteins of MBFVs have been targeted and revealed an extensive series of clades defined by their epidemiology and disease associations. The branching patterns of at the deeper nodes of the resultant trees were different from those reported in the previous study. The significance of these observations is discussed.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an acute central nervous system inflammatory disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). JEV is a small, enveloped, plus-strand RNA virus belonging to the genus Flavivirus. In this study, envelope protein (E) that mediates the entry of JEV into host cell has been preferred as potential molecular target for drug development. The 3-D structure of E protein was designed and validated using modeler9.10 and procheck tool, respectively, and also optimized using molecular dynamics simulation. A number of lead molecules were used for computational virtual screening against JEV E protein. Three top ranked lead molecules with strong binding affinity to JEV E protein were identified based on minimum binding energy. Molecular dynamic simulation was also performed for protein–ligand complex to study the mobility of complex at various time intervals. Drug likeliness and comparative bioactivity analysis for these leads using OSIRIS Property Explorer had shown that these molecules would have the potential to act as better drug. The mycophenolate was found to be most suitable as entry inhibitor therapeutic molecule for JEV E protein, which may be considered as a potential ligand for treatment of Japanese encephalitis.

A microwave-induced technique has been developed for the synthesis of a series of novel spiro indoline-based heterocycles (7a–g) at atmospheric pressure in an open vessel using an environmentally benign procedure. This rapid method produces pure products in good yields within a few minutes in comparison to the conventional procedure developed for the synthesis of these heterocycles. The synthesized compounds have been screened in vitro for antifungal activity against two fungal strains (i.e., Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus). All compounds have shown significant activity against these pathogens. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® for the following free supplemental resource: Full experimental and spectral details.]

Density functional calculations have been performed on four-coordinate kojate complexes of selected divalent metal ions in order to determine the affinity of the metal ions for the kojate ion. The complexation reactions are characterized by high energies, showing that they are highly exothermic. It is found that Ni(II) exhibits the highest affinity for the kojate ion, and this is attributed to the largest amount of charge transfer from the ligand to the metal ion. The Ni(II) complex has distorted square planar structure. The HOMOs and LUMOs of the complexes are also discussed. All complexes display a strong band at ~1500 cm−1 corresponding to the stretching frequency of the weakened carbonyl bond. Comparison of the complexation energies for the two steps shows that most of the complexation energy is realized in the first step. The energy released in the second step is about one-third that of the first step.

E-mail: dr.jdsau@gmail.comReceived November 22, 2012, Accepted January 9, 2013Herein is reported a simple and efficient synthesis of isoflavones starting from various substituted phenacylbromides and salicylaldehydes in presence of NHC. The mechanism involved domino catalysis type approachwith consumption and regeneration of catalyst in two catalytic cycles. This method proved to be very lucrativeand gives very good yield. The method described here represents an environmentally benign alternative toclassical approach.Key Words : Umpolung, Heterocycles, Thiamine ( N-Heterocyclic carbene), Domino catalysis, Natural Prod-uctsIntroductionOne of the major issues of modern chemistry is thedevelopment of efficient methodologies for the synthesis ofbioactive compounds including natural products and theiranalogues.

In this research investigate, quality of software using comprehend our architecture testing model [34], with the help of object oriented characteristic relationship, using different software metrics. The objective of ‘Design Architectural Testing Tool’ is to facilitate a design that may contribute to the comprehensiveness of the software testing tool. In this research work first we try to draw an architecture of testing method based on their attribute nature and shows their relationship next phase will be applied testing (based on different software metrics) on each component and after testing we apply different statistical analysis for validation of our research work .

Lower features content of image are playing a very important role for content based image retrieval. The lower features content of image are color ,texture and shape. Shape finds outliers of object stored in database. The retrieval of image is used in many areas such as multimedia, medical science and internet technology. The semantic gap between query image and result of retrieval image. In this paper we propose a hybrid technique for shape matching based on chain code and DFS tree. Chain code is important and well method for boundary structured detection and DFS is graph searching technique. Here merge both method for detection of boundary pattern and matching of object. Used of DFS technique find the absolute detection of decide edge value of chain code.

Aim Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions and conditions among children of 12 and 15 years of age of Lucknow. Material and methods 1198 school going children were selected by multistage cluster random sampling technique. A total of 594 respondents from urban area and 604 from rural area were surveyed for the present study. Oral mucosal lesions were assessed using WHO Oral Health Assessment form 1997. Chi-square test was used to test the significance of the association between two factors. Results In urban 16 (2.69%) subject had ulceration and 6 (1.01%) had other condition like angular cheilitis and glossitis. In rural 9 (1.49%) had ulceration and 28 (4.63%) had angular cheilitis and glossitis, considering the age group and gender wise no significant differences were noted. There was a statistical significant difference seen in urban and rural group ( p Conclusion Health education through dental health programs regarding adverse effects of pan chewing should be spread in all schools and colleges.

Objective The purpose of this in vivo study was to compare the ability of digital tactile, digital radiographic and electronic methods to determine reliability in locating the apical constriction. Materials and methods Informed consent was obtained from patients scheduled for orthodontic extraction. The teeth were anesthetized, isolated and accessed. The canals were negotiated, pulp chamber and canals were irrigated and pulp was extirpated. The working length was then evaluated for each canal by digital tactile sensation, an electronic apex locator (The Root ZX) and digital radiography. The readings were then compared with post-extraction working length measurements. Results The percentage accuracy indicated that EAL method (Root ZX) shows maximum accuracy, i.e. 99.85% and digital tactile and digital radiographic method (DDR) showed 98.20 and 97.90% accuracy respectively. Clinical significance Hence, it can be concluded that the EAL method (Root ZX) produced most reliable results for determining the accurate working length. How to cite this article Mandlik J, Shah N, Pawar K, Gupta P, Singh S, Shaik SA. An in vivo Evaluation of Different Methods of Working Length Determination. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(4):644-648.

Introduction Root canal preparation leads to deviation of the canal anatomy causing canal transportation which affects the success of the treatment. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is a non invasive imaging technique to analyse the shape of the root canal before and after the preparation. Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate and evaluate the canal transportation in curved mandibular molar root canals and centering ability of Reciproc and One Shape file systems after instrumentation using CBCT. Materials and methods Twenty mandibular molars were taken and allocated into two groups (n=10): Group 1-One Shape and Group 2-Reciproc. The canals were then scanned using CS 3D CBCT scanner (Carestream) before and after preparation, to assess the transportation and centering values at different levels respectively from the apex. The data gathered were then assessed statistically with Mann-Whitney test. Results Analysis revealed that Reciproc and One Shape showed statistically no significant difference in terms of canal transportation and centering ability (p>0.05). Conclusion One shape and Reciproc performed similar in terms of canal transportation & centering ability.

Different alkyl amide (15a-l) and alkyl amine (16a-e) derivatives of 7,8-dimethoxy-3-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzopyran-4-one were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity against five different cancer cell lines using SRB assay. Compounds 15e, 15i, 15j and 16a-e showed significant anticancer activity within the range of IC50 2.58-34.86μM. The most promising molecule, 16c, was further analyzed for its effect on cell cycle and apoptosis of estrogen receptor positive cancer cells (MCF-7 cells) which showed that 16c triggered apoptosis in MCF-7 cells and arrested cells population at sub-G0 (apoptotic) and G2M phase. In tubulin polymerization assay, 16c interfered with kinetics of tubulin polymerization.

A cyclization of chalcones with guanidine yields benzo[h]quinazolines which can be easily further converted to compounds (VII) or (IX).

Background Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a wellestablished precancerous condition affecting the oral mucosa. It is a disease that causes significant morbidity (in terms of loss of mouth function as tissues become rigid and mouth opening becomes difficult) and mortality (when transformation into squamous cell carcinoma occurs). Aim The aim of the study is to compare the efficacy of Aloe vera with antioxidant when given along with physiotherapy in the management of OSMF. Materials and methods Forty patients presenting with clinical signs and symptoms of OSMF were included for the study after informed consent. Group A included 20 patients who received Aloe vera gel (forever living gel) along with physiotherapy. Group B included 20 patients who received antioxidant capsules twice daily for 3 months along with physiotherapy exercises four times in a day. The following parameters, that is, burning sensation, mouth opening, tongue protrusion and cheek flexibility were recorded at each visit. Results Majority of the participant enrolled were in the age range of 30 to 35 years. Improvement in all the parameters was seen with the individuals receiving Aloe vera gel in comparison to antioxidants. Conclusion So, Aloe vera being a soothing, simple and safe mode of treatment along with proper habit restriction can be considered to be an effectual protocol in the management of OSMF. The analgesic effects of Aloe vera with the physiotherap exercises provide better results in reducing burning sensation and improving mouth opening, tongue protrusion and cheek flexibility in comparison to antioxidants. How to cite this article Singh N, Hebbale M, Mhapuskar A, Ul Nisa S, Thopte S, Singh S. Effectiveness of Aloe Vera and Antioxidant along with Physiotherapy in the Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(1): 78-84.

An efficient and convenient protocol of broad scope for the synthesis of quinoxaline by cyclization-oxidation of phenacyl bromide with equimolar amount of phenylenediamine at room temperature catalyzed by thiamine in the form of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC). High efficiency, inexpensiveness, and non-toxicity are the interesting features of the catalyst, which make it eco-friendly and highly attractive.

The exponential growth of wireless network in recent years has brought some major research issues that include a fair share of the available bandwidth, quality of service (QoS) and control of misbehaving traffic nodes/sources. However, in wireless networks, including cellular, Ad Hoc, and sensor networks, that are based on a shared medium and often contention-oriented protocols, these issues have not been fully addressed. Most wireless networks are based on IEEE 802.11x standards which provide public wireless access to the Internet. The medium access control (MAC) in IEEE 802.11 uses a distributed contention resolution mechanism for sharing the channel. If the MAC protocol is manipulated or misused, then the consequences can be overwhelming, such as the disruption of the whole network. A selfish/cheater node [10] can manipulate the MAC protocol in different ways to gain access to the channel resulting in some cases of starvation of other nodes in the same network. The manipulation of the MAC layer protocol is hidden from the upper layers, and can be further enhanced if combined with more violations from these upper layers of the ISO/OSI Model. In wireless networks i.e. IEEE 802.11, all nodes contending to access the medium made-up to follow the rules of the Medium Access Control (MAC) sub layer. As the number of nodes increases; the probability of collisions obviously increases which causes longer back-off values of the collided nodes. A suspicious node may be either selfish node (or misbehaving node) which attempts to manipulate its back-off parameters of the CSMA / CA protocol to gain more and more access to the channel, hence get higher performance than their fair share. Suspicious nodes (Misbehavior Node). Which may be an attacker and can increase collisions to decrease the performance of MAC protocols by disobeying CSMA/CA or back-off rules. In this work, we discussed, analyzed and used selfish behavior by attackers to create an opportunist node. We also identified, declared and finally discard/disassociate the attacker nodes in IEEE 802.11 MAC layer environment. The Access point (AP) Allow most of the nodes offers more bandwidth (in terms of the extra number of slots to almost each node) while maintaining fairness if channel utilization is poor and this mode is called opportunist mode. The Proposed Protocol is called as the ARA-MAC. The performance of our method is evaluated through a simulation model to test efficiency. Various parameters are the basis for comparison between the implemented method and CSMA/CA. Key Performance Parameters i.e. Packet Delivery Ratio, RTS/Data Frames, Mean no. Of retry per frame have been used for comparison and performance evaluation. The results show that our proposed algorithm ARA-MAC outperforms basic CSMA/CA in terms of Attack Resiliency and Adaptability. ARA-MAC is able to detect and discard attacker nodes after identification of its maliciousness and also it provides adaptability in existing CSMA/CA. The time period for monitoring of node behavior varies according to the Fibonacci series to identify random timing attackers and also it reduces unnecessary execution of ARA-MAC algorithm at AP (Access Point). This is predominantly important in a distributed system where power consumption is a big concern especially in the case of Wireless Sensor Network. It is also important in a centralized system where constant monitoring of a large number of sources from the Access Point (AP) alone may become promptly a big burden on it. The main purpose of this work is to increase the channel utilization by offering opportunities to a node, and detect such node that is using this concept to degrade the network performance in terms of degraded channel utilization. General Terms Protocol Modification and System Development for Attack Resiliency at MAC Layer.

days it is very tedious job to keep files for personal as well as commercial computing. There are various type of compressing technique used, but one step ahead from them available technique is described here. Almost every application the backend used is database. That why my technique is dedicated to this type of databases. In this proposed technique we consider every type of compression, but when comes to date and time based database, not much compression technique deals with it. For text type compression there are many techniques same for images. But here we are proposing mainly for time and date type data bases. The practical use for this compression may useful for LIC policies, Stock Exchange, Railways Reservations databases etc. It may also useful for Employees working in a firm, maintaining daily database for salary purposes like Time in and Time out. For this type of database the proposed technique will give a big amount of compressions than any other type of techniques. We have techniques regarding database compression are character, memo, number, date, time compression which can work for individual fields in a database. In this paper main concentration has been given for time compressions. We suggested one example in tabular form on that our differential and time method has been applied.