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Background: Physiotherapy is associated with job tasks that are physically challenging and some of the routine procedures include manual therapy and soft tissue mobilizations which require higher levels of force and may be performed in hazardous or awkward postures. This study was done to find out the prevalence of work-related thumb pain amongst Physiotherapists and also to assess the awareness about the thumb pain and ergonomic strategies to reduce the same. Objectives: 1. To find the prevalence of Work-Related Thumb Pain (WRTP) in Physiotherapists 2. To assess the awareness of ergonomics related to WRTP in Physiotherapists 3. To find the coping strategies used by the Physiotherapists for WRTP Methods: 94 Physiotherapists from various setups in Pune city, with a basic qualification in B.P.Th. having a work experience of minimum 2 years and having minimum 20 hours of clinical duties per week and performing manual therapy techniques on patients were included in the study. Results: The overall prevalence came to 68.1%. 94.7% of the respondents were aware about the ergonomic strategies to prevent/reduce thumb pain and 5.3% were not aware about the same. Multiple coping strategies were used by the Physiotherapists, of which changing or modifying their treatment, modifying either the patient’s position or their position, asking to help handle a heavy patient were the most common ones. Conclusion: This study indicates that thumb problems are common in Physiotherapists. Key words: Physiotherapists, thumb pain, ergonomic strategies, coping strategies.

Survey on the effect of foreign lending operations on public trust in the Federal Reserve.

Background: The gym instructors perform high intensity work during their personal session or while assisting their clients during their workout session. This is one of the major reasons for various injuries and subsequent pain. This study evaluated the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and injuries in gym instructors. Objectives: To obtain the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries and pain in gym instructors. Methods: A cross sectional study was performed on108 gym instructors from different fitness clubs. A self-administered questionnaire was used. Percentile analysis of the scores was done. Results: 16% of gym instructors suffered with injures of shoulder, low back and knee. About 82% of gym instructors had pain in various body areas. Conclusion: The prevalence of pain and injuries was high in gym instructors which demands fitness industries to adapt prevention strategies. Key words: Gym instructors, musculoskeletal pain, injury

Non-conventional fracture test geometries such as single cantilever bending, clamped beam bending and clamped wire bending have been developed over the years to suit the needs of micro- and nano-scale testing. The same geometries can also be used at the macro-scale if testing standards are well established. Development of length scale compatible geometries helps the materials engineer to seamlessly extract material properties across multiple length scales. This article proposes the crack driving force (or energy release rate G) criteria for the above three geometries. These geometries have found widespread use at the micro-scale and can be adapted to the macro-scale. Use of a global energy-based criterion instead of the local stress-based criteria (stress intensity factor K) has its own advantages, especially in multi-phase materials and interface-dominated structures which display an R-curve. Aspects of crack stability even under load control arising because of the geometric factors, especially the beam or wire aspect ratio, are discussed in this context. Validation of the compliance approach is carried out by comparing it to the J-integral extracted directly for a linear elastic material using extended finite element modeling and also using the analytical formulation for a double-cantilever beam specimen. Experimental evidence of the validity of the solutions in determining the fracture energy of a linear elastic brittle material, PMMA, as a homogeneous model system is shown.

The growth and popularization of network and multimedia technologies have led to an increase in digital data over the internet. Most of the data is confidential and requires an efficient algorithm to securely transmit the data over the insecure channel. The paper proposes a cryptographic algorithm which can be used for securing multiple digital images over the network. The algorithm uses the concept of chaos theory and elliptic curve Elgamal cryptosystem for the generation of the cipher image and sharing of the key. A 3D image is generated using the multiple plain images and undergoes permutation and substitution phase for generation of the cipher data. Experimental results and analysis shows that the proposed algorithm has got large keyspace, desired statistical properties of cipher data and resistant to attacks.

Immunotherapy, a treatment based on host immune system activation, has been shown to provide a substitute for marginally effective conventional chemotherapy in controlling visceral leishmaniasis (VL), the deadliest form of leishmaniasis. As the majority of endemic inhabitants exhibit either subclinical or asymptomatic infection which often develops into the active disease state, therapeutic intervention seems to be an important avenue for combating infections by stimulating the natural defense system of infected individuals. With this perspective, the present study focuses on two immunodominant Leishmania (L.) donovani antigens (triosephosphate isomerase and enolase) previously proved to be potent prophylactic VL vaccine candidates, for generating a recombinant chimeric antigen. This is based on the premise that in a heterogeneous population, a multivalent antigen vaccine would be required for an effective response against leishmaniasis (a complex parasitic disease). The resulting molecule rLdT-E chimeric protein was evaluated for its immunogenicity and immunotherapeutic efficacy. A Th1 stimulating adjuvant BCG was employed with the protein which showed a remarkable 70% inhibition of splenic parasitic multiplication positively correlated with boosted Th1 dominant immune response against lethal L. donovani challenge in hamsters as evidenced by high IFN-γ and TNF-α and low IL-10. In addition, immunological analysis of antibody subclass presented IgG2-based humoral response besides considerable delayed-type hypersensitivity and lymphocyte proliferative responses in rLdT-E/BCG-treated animals. Our observations indicate the potential of the chimera towards its candidature for an effective vaccine against Leishmania donovani infection.

Affinity selection mass spectrometry (MS) or, simply, affinity mass spectrometry (AMS) is a label-free technology that has been used to identify high-affinity ligands of target proteins of interest by screening against small-molecule compound libraries and identifying molecules that are enriched in the presence of the target protein. We have previously applied Agilent Technology's (Santa Clara, CA) RapidFire solid-phase extraction (SPE)-based high-throughput MS technology to screen small-molecule libraries using AMS. However, SPE-based technologies rely on fluidics for desalting and separation prior to mass analysis with attendant high solvent consumption, relatively high sample volume requirements, risk of sample carryover, and frequent maintenance. To address these challenges, we have established an AMS platform using a laser diode thermal desorption-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (LDTD-APCI) ionization source (Phytronix, Quebec, Canada) coupled with a SCIEX 5600+ TripleTOF MS (Framingham, MA). We also validated a data-independent acquisition (DIA) Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Mass Spectra (SWATH-MS) method for the robust detection and analysis of small-molecule affinity hits. An informatics platform developed in-house has resulted in a streamlined data analysis workflow for high-throughput AMS screening campaigns and reduced data processing time without compromising data quality. Finally, 68,000 compounds were screened in a single plate and affinity selected hits were confirmed in an orthogonal enzyme activity assay.

Background Cytology-based cervical cancer screening followed by confirmation and treatment of biopsy-proven high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (bHSIL) is difficult to implement in resource-constrained settings. We hypothesized that high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing followed by immediate cryotherapy of women with hrHPV (HPV screen-and-treat) may improve outcomes. Methods Randomized, open-label, phase 2, multinational clinical trial enrolling women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) age 18 or older with cervical hrHPV and having no cervical lesions or lesions appropriate for cryotherapy. Women were randomized to immediate cryotherapy (Arm A) or cytology-based screening (Arm B). For Arm A, cervical biopsies were obtained followed by cervical cryotherapy, and in Arm B, women with abnormal cytology underwent colposcopy followed by loop electroexcision procedure (LEEP) if bHSIL was detected. Women were followed through 30 months. The primary outcome was time to bHSIL detected from Month 6 through study completion. Results In total, 288 women (145 in Arm A, 143 in Arm B) were randomized: median age 35 years, 84% on antiretroviral therapy, median CD4 501 cells/mm3. In Arm A, 39 (27%) of women had bHSIL at entry, and in Arm B, 88 (62%) had abnormal cytology, 22 (15%) were diagnosed with bHSIL, 12 (8%) underwent LEEP. In follow-up, 30 (21%) and 31 (22%) developed bHSIL; time to bHSIL was similar between arms (P=.94). The prevalence of hrHPV at Month 6 was similar between arms (61% and 70%, P=.13). Conclusions HPV test-and-treat was not associated with improved bHSIL outcomes as compared to cytology-based screening. More effective treatment options are required to improve outcomes from screen-and-treat programs. Clinical Trials Registration NCT01315363.

Background Fascia iliaca compartment nerve block (FICNB) has been reported to provide effective postoperative analgesia in patients with femur fracture. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of FICNB with Bupivacaine and Dexamethasone for postoperative analgesia in proximal fracture femur. Methods Sixty-four patients of ASA grade 1 to 3, aged 50-80 years scheduled for proximal femur fracture femur were included and randomly assigned to two groups of 32 patients each Group F received ultrasound guided(FICNB) with 0.25% 40ml of Bupivacaine & Dexamethasone 4 mg & Group T received Tramadol 50mg at the end of surgery. Postoperative pain was assessed at 30 minutes, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours using visual analogue scale (VAS). Injection Paracetamol 1gm was given intravenously as rescue analgesia in both the groups when VAS was more than four. Results Both the groups were comparable for demographic parameters. The mean duration of analgesia was 460.31±10.50 minutes in the FICNB group while it was only 263.72±12.85 minutes in the tramadol group, the difference being statistically significant (with a ‘p value’ of 0.001). The total consumption of paracetamol did not show a significant difference in either of the groups in the first 24 hours, the ‘p value’ being 0.406. Conclusion Ultrasound guided FICNB given postoperatively in patients undergoing proximal fracture femur can provide postoperative pain relief for longer duration than Inj. Tramadol.

People suffering from malnutrition show compromised levels of ω-6 fatty acid and malnutrition is frequently observed among visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients as disease inflicts primarily the socioeconomic destitute communities. Dietary linoleic acid (LA, 18:2; ω-6 fatty acid) is the principal source of essential fatty acid and its derivatives i.e. eicosanoids possess immune-modulatory activities. However, its role in VL is not yet established. LA was measured in VL human subjects (serum) as well as in Leishmania(L.)donovani infected hamsters (serum and visceral organs). Organ-specific mRNA expressions of various enzymes of the LA metabolic pathway were measured in visceral organs of infected hamsters. Our findings showed a decrease in the concentrations of LA in the serum samples of VL patients, suggesting malnutrition among these patients. However, in L. donovani infected hamsters, its level was not altered in the early infection (15 days) and then increased at late infection (60 days). Importantly, the supplementation of LA restored the Th-1 type of immune response and significantly reduced the parasite load within infected macrophages in vitro. This protective response of LA was mediated through 5-lipoxygenase pathway not via the cyclooxygenase pathway. Preventive usage of LA to mϕ followed by L. donovani infection also showed the strengthening of Th-1 immune response and significantly fewer parasite loads. Our findings demonstrate the protective role of LA in the containment of the parasite load. Incorporating LA rich oils in daily food habits across highly inflicted regions may be a significant advancement towards the eradication of the disease.

A cross-talk between diabetes and malaria within-host is well established. Diabetes is associated with modulation of the immune system, impairment of the healing process and to disturb the host metabolism to contribute towards propagation of parasite infection. Glucose metabolism in host is maintained by insulin and RBC has 2000 insulin receptor present on plasma membrane. These receptors are robust to relay down-stream signaling in RBCs but role of intracellular signaling in parasite growth is not been explored. The malaria parasite treated with insulin (100 ng/ml) is giving stimulation in parasite growth. The effect is lasting for several generations resulting into high parasitemia. Insulin signaling is phosphorylating protein in infected RBCs and level is high in parasite RBCs compared to uninfected RBCs. It is phosphorylating Spectrin-(α/β), Band-4.2, Ankyrin and the other proteins of RBC cytoskeleton. It in-turn induces enhanced glucose uptake inside infected RBCs. There is a high level of infection of normal RBCs by merozoites. In summary, insulin and glucose metabolism plays a crucial role in parasite propagation, disease severity and need consideration while treating patients.

It is important to assess the identity and purity of proteins and protein complexes during and after protein purification to ensure that samples are of sufficient quality for further biochemical and structural characterization, as well as for use in consumer products, chemical processes and therapeutics. Native mass spectrometry (nMS) has become an important tool in protein analysis due to its ability to retain non-covalent interactions during measurements, making it possible to obtain protein structural information with high sensitivity and at high speed. Interferences from the presence of non-volatiles are typically alleviated by offline buffer exchange, which is time-consuming and difficult to automate. We provide a protocol for rapid online buffer exchange (OBE) nMS to directly screen structural features of pre-purified proteins, protein complexes or clarified cell lysates. In the liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approach described in this protocol, samples in MS-incompatible conditions are injected onto a short size-exclusion chromatography column. Proteins and protein complexes are separated from small molecule non-volatile buffer components using an aqueous, non-denaturing mobile phase. Eluted proteins and protein complexes are detected by the mass spectrometer after electrospray ionization. Mass spectra can inform regarding protein sample purity and oligomerization, and additional tandem mass spectra can help to further obtain information on protein complex subunits. Information obtained by OBE nMS can be used for fast (

Background & objectives: Coronary artery disease (CAD), a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide has multifactorial origin. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has complex mechanical and thermogenic functions and paracrine actions via various cytokines released by it, which can have both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions on myocardium and adjacent coronaries. The alteration of EAT gene expression in CAD is speculated, but poorly understood. This study was undertaken to find out the difference in gene expression of epicardial fat in CAD and non-CAD patients. Methods: Twenty seven patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and 16 controls (non-CAD patients undergoing valvular heart surgeries) were included in the study and their EAT samples were obtained. Gene expressions of uncoupling protein-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), adiponectin, adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were studied by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Glucose, insulin, lipid profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, homocysteine, vitamin D, TNF-α and leptin levels were estimated in fasting blood samples and analyzed. Results: Leptin levels were significantly higher in CABG group as compared to controls (P

The patients with the most dreaded Leishmania donovani infections are now regularly been detected with co-infecting monoxenous trypanosomatid, Leptomonas seymouri, of which pathological consequence is obscure. Due to high degree of morphological similarity, its presence remains unmarked in the culture which leads to anomalous research outcomes. The available methods to detect Leptomonas in cultures are cumbersome and are not quantitative. We report here that MyosinXXI serves as a distinguishing biomarker that can be used to mark the presence of L. seymouri in Leishmania cultures. The method uses Leishmania MyosinXXI antibodies employed in immunofluorescence microscopy that shows a specialized localization pattern in Leishmania but not in Leptomonas (Patent application No. IN201711014439). This method is not only qualitative, but can also quantify the L. seymouri load in the cultured field isolates and serves as a remarkable tool to ascertain laboratory strains of Leishmania.

Consider a nonzero contraction $T$ and a bounded operator $X$ satisfying $TX=qXT$ for a complex number $q$. There are some interesting results in the literature on $q$-commuting dilation and $q$-commutant lifting of such pair $(T,X)$ when $|q|=1$. Here we improve a few of them to the class of scalars $q$ satisfying $|q|\leq \dfrac{1}{\|T\|}$., 15 Pages

This study was done to analyse the demographic profile and presentation of diabetes in Central India.Data was collected for this cross-sectional study from an electronic diabetes registry from 2014 to 2019. Demographic details, patient history and presence or absence of co-morbid conditions, duration of diabetes, age of onset of diabetes, drug history, personal history, presence of micro and/or macrovascular complications and investigations done were obtained.The association between each factor and the outcome was studied in terms of prevalence ratio (PR) using the R-3.0.0 programming (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) language. Statistical significance was evaluated at a 5% level.Among 12,434 patients, 54.95% were below 50 years and 45.05% were above 50 years. 50.21% were females and 49.79% were males. The mean age was 47.49 ± 14.78 years and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.85 ± 5.19 kg/mFrom a large population study on diabetes, it was found a majority of the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) cases (65%) are sub-optimally controlled with HbA1c levels. Also, microvascular complications were related to the sub-optimal glycaemic control, but not the macro-vascular complications.

Uber case study analysis on drivers engagement because of the current leadership.

India’s Soft Power which is part of Smart Diplomacy or cultural diplomacy in India. India’s soft power diplomacy can be traced back to the time when Swami Vivekananda visited Chicago Parliament of Religion and spoke about Hinduism and India, which attracted many Indians and Foreigners who visited India and learnt about the Indian culture and the Sanskrit, his book on Raja Yoga influenced Western countries to practice Yoga who came to India and visited asharams, India’s main soft powers include spiritualism, yoga, Ayurveda, the world is shifting towards organic method of treatment which has its trace in India. There is culture exchange of arts, music, dance. Indian Diaspora and Young youth are the weapons for the spread of Indian culture across the globe, People are interested in Indian culture and epics of Ramayana and Mahabharat and studying on Kautliya. India literature and craft have received international recognition, countries abroad have included Sanskrit as part of their educational curriculum. India has also emerged has an export of herbs medicine to many foreign countries like Middle East, Europe, Africa etc. and this soft power of India will help in creating a massive influence across the world but before that Indian should have ample knowledge about their own history and culture and languages.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic led to rise of work from home job pattern. Although, now the situation is better still the hybrid pattern of work continues. This situation has led to rise in stress levels in women working from home. Early intervention to reduce the stress will help to overcome ill effects of stress like headache, sleep disturbances, mental health issues, hypertension etc. This study aims to understand which intervention works the best to reduce stress in women working from home.Methods: Yoga as an intervention which had sustained posture and breathing control techniques while classical dance therapy-Bharatnatyam had structured basic dance movements and portraying of nine emotions. Pre and post intervention stress values were assessed through an outcome measure-the perceived stress scale-10. Online intervention for thrice a week for four weeks was incorporated.Results: The results interpreted that post four week of intervention through online mode yoga therapy gives statistically and clinically significant decrease in stress levels while classical dance therapy gives clinically significant result but fails to give statistically significant result.Conclusions: Women working from home mostly had moderate stress on perceived stress scale 10. Yoga therapy reduced the stress post four weeks in women working from home. The reduction in stress was statistically significant. Classical dance therapy reduced the stress post four weeks in women working from home. But, the reduction in stress was not statistically significant. Yoga is better than classical dance to reduce stress in women working from home.

This poster describes logistical issues related to implementing a randomized, double- blinded, placebo-controlled Phase III interventional trial on the nine-valent HPV vaccine (9vHPV) among cisgender men and transgender women living with HIV, at the Mexico site. The trial seeks to demonstrate that 9vHPV reduces the incidence of persistent oral HPV infection (a surrogate for HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer) with the 9 vaccine types. Five-hundred participants will be randomized in a 1:1 allocation to receive 9vHPV or placebo, stratified based on clinical site (Brazil, Mexico, Puerto Rico) and age. The team invites potential participants through local community organizations and public HIV clinics. People may be invited when waiting in line in the morning to get laboratory testing done, when they have an appointment for HIV care or through their treating physician or a community organizer. Initially, we worked at a single HIV clinic, although we did distribute study flyers to treating physicians at other clinics. As of mid-2022 we began enrolling at two additional clinics. Participants are prescreened when initially invited or by phone to prevent unnecessary trips for those ineligible. Once prescreened, participants are given an appointment for their first study visit; reminders about their first or other study visits are sent by text message 2-3 times before the appointment. Participants are provided with financial compensation in cash at each visit. We have implemented both study-wide mechanisms and additional locally-designed strategies and forms to guarantee quality control. For example, registering participant issues, study agent trail and persons invited, pre-screened and enrolled (including reasons for exclusion). Data is registered on paper forms and in a bespoke data base program (DatStat, designed at Moffitt Cancer Center). DatStat carries out the randomization (only the Mexico site pharmacist is unblinded) and requires a wireless internet connection, which can sometimes fail even though a router is installed by the study at each clinic. Vaccine and syringe importation can be time consuming and cause enrollment delays, given the need to acquire permissions for importation or problems getting the shipment out of Customs. Making sure shipments go through an airport with better functioning Customs offices is also important. Citation Format: Betania Allen-Leigh, Alejandra Portillo-Romero, Manuel Quiterio, Maribel Acosta, Abraham Rivera- Ramirez, Guillermina Sanchez, Aurelio Cruz, Tonatiuh Barrientos, Carlos Magis, Kimberly Isaacs-Soriano, Martha E. Abrahamsen, Margaret House, Emma Brofsky, Vikrant Sahasrabuddhe, Timothy Wilkin, Anna Giuliano, Luisa Villa, Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce. Logistical issues in implementing a clinical trial on oral cancer prevention through HPV vaccination: Implementation of Ulacnet201 in Mexico [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second Biennial NCI Meeting: Translational Advances in Cancer Prevention Agent Development (TACPAD); 2022 Sep 7-9. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2022;15(12 Suppl_2): Abstract nr A002.