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152. Modelling the rate-dependent mechanical behaviour of the brain tissue.

Author

Anssari-Benam, Afshin and Saccomandi, Giuseppe

Abstract

A new modelling approach is employed in this work for application to the rate-dependent mechanical behaviour of the brain tissue, as an incompressible isotropic material. Extant datasets encompassing single- and multi-mode compression, tension and simple shear deformation(s) are considered, across a wide range of deformation rates from quasi-static to rates akin to blast loading conditions, in the order of 1000 s−1. With a simple functional form and a reduced number of parameters, the model is shown to capture the considered rate-dependent behaviours favourably, including in both single- and multi-mode deformation fits, and over all range of deformation rates. The provided modelling results here are obtained from either first fitting the model to the quasi-static data, or/and predicting the behaviour at a different rate than those used for calibrating the model parameters. Given its simplicity, versatility, predictive capability and accuracy, the application of the utilised modelling framework in this work to the rate-dependent mechanical behaviour of the brain tissue is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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156. Thermal ablation of pancreatic cancer: A systematic literature review of clinical practice and pre-clinical studies

Author

Saccomandi, P., Lapergola, A., Longo, Fabio, Schena, E., Quero, Giuseppe, Longo F., Quero G. (ORCID:0000-0002-0001-9479), Saccomandi, P., Lapergola, A., Longo, Fabio, Schena, E., Quero, Giuseppe, Longo F., and Quero G. (ORCID:0000-0002-0001-9479)

Abstract

Purpose: Pancreatic cancer is a challenging malignancy with low treatment option and poor life expectancy. Thermal ablation techniques were proposed as alternative treatment options, especially in advanced stages and for unfit-for-surgery patients. This systematic review describes the thermal ablative techniques -i.e., Laser (LA), Radiofrequency (RFA), Microwave (MWA) Ablation, High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) and cryoablation- available for pancreatic cancer treatment. Additionally, an analysis of the efficacy, complication rate and overall survival for each technique is conducted. Material and methods: This review collects the ex vivo, preclinical and clinical studies presenting the use of thermal techniques in the pancreatic cancer treatment, searched up to March 2018 in PubMed and Medline. Abstracts, letters-to-the-editor, expert opinions, reviews and non-English language manuscripts were excluded. Results: Sixty-five papers were included. For the ex vivo and preclinical studies, there are: 12 records for LA, 8 for RFA, 0 for MWA, 6 for HIFU, 1 for cryoablation and 3 for hybrid techniques. For clinical studies, 1 paper for LA, 14 for RFA, 1 for MWA, 17 for HIFU, 1 for cryoablation and 1 for hybrid techniques. Conclusions: Important technological advances are presented in ex vivo and preclinical studies, as the real-time thermometry, nanotechnology and hybrid techniques to enhance the thermal outcome. Conversely, a lack of standardization in the clinical employment of the procedures emerged, leading to contrasting results on the safety and feasibility of some analyzed techniques. Uniform conclusions on the safety and feasibility of these techniques for pancreatic cancer will require further structured investigation.

Published
2018

157. Thermometry based on computed tomography images during microwave ablation: Trials on ex vivo porcine liver

Author

Schena, E, Massaroni, C, Giurazza, F, Park, Jm, Park, Jj, Fong, Y, and Saccomandi, P

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Microwave ablation, Computed tomography, Ablation, Temperature measurement, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Thermocouple, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Hounsfield scale, medicine, Medical imaging, Medical physics, business, Ex vivo, Biomedical engineering
Abstract

Temperature knowledge may be beneficial to improve the outcomes of thermal treatments for tumor ablation. Among several thermometric methods, contactless approaches based on diagnostic imaging techniques are attractive for this field. Computed Tomography (CT) images are sensitive to temperature, so some groups of research are working to assess the feasibility of CT-based thermometry for monitoring the effects of thermal treatments. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of CT-thermometry during Microwave ablation (MWA) in ex vivo animal model. Healthy porcine livers were heated with two 2.45 GHz cooled-shaft MW antennas for four minutes at 65 W for each probe. Livers were scanned before heating and 16 times during the ablation (each 15 s). Liver temperature was measured in two points by two thermocouples. The relationship between the CT number (Hounsfield Unit, HU) and tissue temperature was investigated by using a linear regression analysis; thermal sensitivity of the CT number was estimated as the slope of the best fitting line. Results showed that CT number in liver tissue decreases during heating. The relationship between CT number and temperature is well described by a linear model (R2=0.91), and the thermal sensitivity is −0.52±0.02 HU∙°C-1. CT-based thermometry is feasible during MWA in ex vivo porcine livers. This technique is particularly attractive due to its non-invasiveness nature and can be used to monitor three-dimensional temperature distributions in heated tissues. Therefore, it may provide a powerful new tool during MWA or other thermal ablation procedures.

Published
2017

160. Development Of A Bio-Inspired Mechatronic Chest Wall Simulator For Evaluating The Performances Of Opto-Electronic Plethysmography

Author

Scorza A, Bastianini F, Massaroni C, Silvestri S, Schena E, Sciuto S. A, Lupi G, Botta F, Saccomandi P, Massaroni, C, Schena, E, Bastianini, F, Scorza, Andrea, Saccomandi, P, Lupi, G, Botta, Fabio, Sciuto, SALVATORE ANDREA, and Silvestri, S.

Subjects
Accuracy and precision, Motion analysis, Chest wall kinematic, Chest wall simulator, Computer science, opto-electronic plethysmography, Biomedical Engineering, metrological assessment, Medicine (miscellaneous), Bioengineering, Kinematics, Respiratory monitoring, Displacement (vector), Article, Opto-electronic plethysmography, Simulation, Breathing pattern, motion analysis, chest wall kinematic, respiratory monitoring, Metrological assessment, Motion analysi, Gait analysis, Breathing, Measurement uncertainty, chest wall simulator
Abstract

Instrumented gait analysis based on optoelectronic systems is an expensive technique used to objectively measure the human movement features and it is generally considered as the gold standard. Opto-electronic plethysmography (OEP) is a particular motion analysis system able to: (i) determine chest wall kinematic via the evaluation of marker displacements placed on the thorax and (ii) compute respiratory volumes during breathing. The aim of this work is to describe the performances of a custom made, bio-inspired, mechatronic chest wall simulator (CWS), specifically designed to assess the metrological performances of the OEP system. The design of the simulator is based on the chest wall kinematic analysis of three healthy subjects previously determined. Two sets of experiments were carried out: (i) to investigate the CWS dynamic response using different target displacements (1 - 12 mm), and (ii) to assess the CWS accuracy and precision in simulating quite breathing, covering the physiological range of respiratory frequency and tidal volume. Results show that the CWS allows simulating respiratory frequency up to ~ 60 bpm. The difference between the actual displacement and the set one is always < 9 μm. The precision error, expressed as the ratio between measurement uncertainty and the actual displacement, is lower than 0.32 %. The observed good performances permit to consider the CWS prototype feasible to be employed for assessing the performances of OEP system in periodical validation routines.

Published
2015

165. Quasi-distributed fiber optic sensor-based control system for interstitial laser ablation of tissue: theoretical and experimental investigations

Author

Bianchi, Leonardo, Korganbayev, Sanzhar, Orrico, Annalisa, De Landro, Martina, and Saccomandi, Paola

Abstract

This work proposes the quasi-distributed real-time monitoring and control of laser ablation (LA) of liver tissue. To confine the thermal damage, a pre-planning stage of the control strategy based on numerical simulations of the bioheat-transfer was developed to design the control parameters, then experimentally assessed. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors were employed to design the automatic thermometry system used for temperature feedback control for interstitial LA. The tissue temperature was maintained at a pre-set value, and the influence of different sensor locations (on the direction of the beam propagation and backward) on the thermal outcome was evaluated in comparison with the uncontrolled case. Results show that the implemented computational model was able to properly describe the temperature evolution of the irradiated tissue. Furthermore, the realized control strategy allowed for the accurate confinement of the laser-induced temperature increase, especially when the temperature control was actuated by sensors located in the direction of the beam propagation, as confirmed by the calculated fractions of necrotic tissues (e.g., 23 mm^3 and 53 mm^3 for the controlled and uncontrolled LA, respectively).

Published
2021

167. Novel HBsAg mutations correlate with hepatocellular carcinoma, hamper HBsAg secretion and promote cell proliferation in vitro

Author

Salpini, R, Surdo, M, Warner, N, Cortese, MF, Colledge, D, Soppe, S, Bellocchi, MC, Armenia, D, Carioti, L, Continenza, F, Di Carlo, D, Saccomandi, P, Mirabelli, C, Pollicita, M, Longo, R, Romano, S, Cappiello, G, Spano, A, Trimoulet, P, Fleury, H, Vecchiet, J, Iapadre, N, Barlattani, A, Bertoli, A, Mari, T, Pasquazzi, C, Missale, G, Sarrecchia, C, Orecchini, E, Michienzi, A, Andreoni, M, Francioso, S, Angelico, M, Verheyen, J, Ceccherini-Silberstein, F, Locarnini, S, Perno, CF, Svicher, V, Salpini, R, Surdo, M, Warner, N, Cortese, MF, Colledge, D, Soppe, S, Bellocchi, MC, Armenia, D, Carioti, L, Continenza, F, Di Carlo, D, Saccomandi, P, Mirabelli, C, Pollicita, M, Longo, R, Romano, S, Cappiello, G, Spano, A, Trimoulet, P, Fleury, H, Vecchiet, J, Iapadre, N, Barlattani, A, Bertoli, A, Mari, T, Pasquazzi, C, Missale, G, Sarrecchia, C, Orecchini, E, Michienzi, A, Andreoni, M, Francioso, S, Angelico, M, Verheyen, J, Ceccherini-Silberstein, F, Locarnini, S, Perno, CF, and Svicher, V

Abstract

BACKGROUND: An impaired HBsAg-secretion can increase HBV oncogenic-properties. Here, we investigate genetic-determinants in HBsAg correlated with HBV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and their impact on HBsAg-secretion and cell-proliferation. METHODS: This study included 128 chronically HBV-infected patients: 23 with HCC (73.9% D; 26.1% A HBV-genotype), and 105 without cirrhosis/HCC (72.4% D, 27.6% A) as reference-group. The impact of mutations on HBsAg-secretion was assessed by measuring the ratio [secreted/intracellular HBsAg] until day 5 post-transfection. The impact of mutations on cell-cycle advancement was assessed by flow-cytometry. RESULTS: Two HBsAg mutations significantly correlated with HCC: P203Q (17.4% [4/23] in HCC vs 1.0% [1/105] in non-HCC, P=0.004); S210R (34.8% [8/23] in HCC vs 3.8% [4/105] in non-HCC, P <0.001); P203Q+S210R (17.4% [4/23] in HCC vs 0% [0/110] in non-HCC, P=0.001). Both mutations reside in trans-membrane C-terminal domain critical for HBsAg-secretion. In in-vitro experiments, P203Q, S210R and P203Q+S210R significantly reduced the ratio [secreted/intracellular HBsAg] compared to wt at each time-point analysed (P <0.05), supporting an impaired HBsAg-secretion. Furthermore, P203Q and P203Q+S210R increased the percentage of cells in S-phase compared to wt, indicating cell-cycle progression (P203Q:26±13%; P203Q+S210R:29±14%; wt:18%±9, P <0.01. Additionally, S210R increased the percentage of cells in G2/M-phase (26±8% for wt versus 33±6% for S210R, P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Specific mutations in HBsAg C-terminus significantly correlate with HBV-induced HCC. They hamper HBsAg-secretion and are associated with increased cellular proliferation, supporting their involvement in HCC-development. The identification of viral genetic markers associated with HCC is critical to identify patients at higher HCC-risk that may deserve intensive liver monitoring, and/or early anti-HBV therapy.

Published
2017

192. HBsAg mutations correlated with HCC in vivo affect HBsAg release and favor cell proliferation in vitro

Author

Salpini, R., primary, Surdo, M., additional, Warner, N., additional, Cortese, M.F., additional, Mirabelli, C., additional, Colledge, D., additional, Soppe, S., additional, Saccomandi, P., additional, Pollicita, M., additional, Longo, R., additional, Romano, S., additional, Cappiello, G., additional, Spanò, A., additional, Trimoulet, P., additional, Fleury, H., additional, Vecchiet, J., additional, Iapadre, N., additional, Barlattani, A., additional, Bertoli, A., additional, Mari, T., additional, Pasquazzi, C., additional, Missale, G., additional, Sarrecchia, C., additional, Orecchini, E., additional, Michienzi, A., additional, Andreoni, M., additional, Francioso, S., additional, Angelico, M., additional, Ceccherini-Silberstein, F., additional, Locarnini, S., additional, Perno, C.F., additional, and Svicher, V., additional

Published
2016
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193. Emerging clinical applications of computed tomography

Author

Liguori, C, Frauenfelder, G, Massaroni, C, Saccomandi, P, Giurazza, F, Pitocco, F, MARANO, RICCARDO, Schena, E, Liguori, C, Frauenfelder, G, Massaroni, C, Saccomandi, P, Giurazza, F, Pitocco, F, MARANO, RICCARDO, and Schena, E

Published
2015

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