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This study aims to evaluate the chemical and structural changes of metallic orthodontic brackets in vitro biodegradation process in artificial saliva. A total of 240 metallic orthodontic brackets of two different manufacturers were used, American orthodontic (LG Stainless-Steel (AISI 316L), USA) and Dentaurum (equilibirium@mini, Stainless- Steel, Germany) divided into control groupimmersed in distilled water and experimental group and immersed in artificial saliva for a period of 28 days at 37°C under mechanical agitation. The release of ions concentrations determinedusing inductively coupled plasma mass (ICP) spectrometry before and after 1, 7 and 28 days of immersion. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopyperformed to detect changes in chemical compositions. More aggressive chemical and structural changes were apparent in AO orthodontic brackets after 28 daysimmersion in artificial saliva. In general, the biodegradation was increased proportionally with duration of immersion of brackets, the total mean value of ions release in AO (mean=31.04) is higher than in Dentaurum (mean=2.704) particularly nickel ions.The release of ions in tested orthodontic brackets showed a statistically significant difference with P=0.04. All tested orthodontics brackets in artificial saliva showed less resistant to biodegradation and more obvious in AO bracketsthat might be associated with thetype of stainless steel used by the manufacturer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background and Objectives Recently, circulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) have been used for the treatment of most types of leukemia. However, the G-CSF mechanism has not been known yet but it is believed that G-CSF is mostly effective by its indirect functions. The suppression of the nervous system affects G-CSF induced mobilization of HSC. The main gene involved in mobilization is CXCR4 that ligand to SDF-1. So, this study investigates the effect of the main catecholamine of nervous system-Epinephrin- on CXCR4 expression. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, isolated cord blood CD34+ cell of 20 healthy newborn with MACs columns treated with 10 μM Epinephrine and 1 μM Proporanolol. Expression of CXCR4 has been investigated at 1, 3 and 5 hours with qRT-PCR. Receptors of beta adrenergic expression have been studied with RT-PCR. Results Beta adrenergic receptors are expressed on CD34+ cells. Epinephrine led to significantly increased CXCR4 in hours 1 (3.2 ± 0.5), 3 (2.4 ± 0.4) and 5 (2.2 ± 0.4 ). Cells treated with propranolol, return increased CXCR4 induced by epinephrine. Conclusions It can be concluded that G-CSF affects the expression of CXCR4 through increasing secretion of epinephrine in bone marrow with on beta adrenergic receptors. Cells with increased CXCR4 mobilized to release SDF-1 in peripheral blood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidemiologic evidence has demonstrated significant associations between atherosclerosis and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). We had investigated the effect of andrographolide (AND) on atherosclerosis induced by Pg in rabbits. For experimental purpose, we separated thirty male white New Zealand rabbits into 5 groups. Group 1 received standard food pellets; Groups 2-5 were orally challenged with Pg; Group 3 received atorvastatin (AV, 5mg/kg), and Groups 4-5 received 10 and 20mg/kg of AND, respectively, over 12 weeks. Groups treated with AND showed significant decrease in TC, TG, and LDL levels (P < 0.05) and significant increase in HDL level in the serum of rabbits. Furthermore, the treated groups (G3-G5) exhibited reductions in interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) as compared to atherogenicgroup (G2). The histological results showed that the thickening of atherosclerotic plaques were less significant in treated groups (G3-G5) compared with atherogenicgroup (G2). Also, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) staining decreased within the plaques of atherogenicgroup (G2), while it was increased in treated groups (G3-G5). Lastly, groups treated with AV and AND (G3-G5) showed significant reduction of CD36 expression (P < 0.05) compared to atherogenicgroup (G2). These results substantially proved that AND contain antiatherogenic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifaced neurodevelopmental disorder that becomes apparent during early childhood development. The complexity of ASD makes clinically diagnosing the condition difficult. Consequently, by identifying the biomarkers associated with ASD severity and combining them with clinical diagnosis, one may better factionalize within the spectrum and devise more targeted therapeutic strategies. Currently, there are no reliable biomarkers that can be used for precise ASD diagnosis. Consequently, our pilot experimental cohort was subdivided into three groups: healthy controls, individuals those that express severe symptoms of ASD, and individuals that exhibit mild symptoms of ASD. Using next-generation sequencing, we were able to identify several circulating non-coding RNAs (cir-ncRNAs) in plasma. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to show that miRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs, Y-RNAs, tRNAs, and lncRNAs are stably expressed in plasma. Our data identify cir-ncRNAs that are specific to ASD. Furthermore, several of the identified cir-ncRNAs were explicitly associated with either the severe or mild groups. Hence, our findings suggest that cir-ncRNAs have the potential to be utilized as objective diagnostic biomarkers and clinical targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]