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Bio-stimulants are crop supplements that have the potential to foster robust growth, increase productivity, and enhance the quality of yields, even in the face of climate change and abiotic stresses. Recent studies have shed light on the benefits of plant bio-stimulants across horticultural and perennial crops. However, their utilization is limited to agricultural land, hydroponic systems, soilless media, and fertigation systems. Uncertainties exist regarding the safety, durability, and inconsistent results of bio-stimulants in the glasshouse and field applications. To expand the global bio-stimulant market, it is essential to implement innovative strategies to improve their safety and overall quality. In this context, we present a comprehensive review that addresses the key challenges in developing plant bio-stimulants, along with practical insights and constructive ideas for enhancing their value and quality. By adopting these suggested improvements, bio-stimulant production can be widely integrated into hydroponics and fertigation systems, improving growth and disease prevention, given their inherent bio-stimulation and biocontrol properties. This article critically examines the utilization of nanotechnology, encapsulation approaches, and novel assessment methods to enhance bio-stimulant efficacy, facilitate the integration of organic active components, improve application techniques, and achieve precise delivery. Introducing innovative bio-stimulant products is expected to be crucial in promoting sustainable, high-value, intensive crop production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalating use of agrochemicals in agriculture presents significant challenges to human health, the environment, and agricultural workers. In response, the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 2 encourages sustainable farming approaches, like the adoption of eco-friendly farming methods and innovations for localized weed control. Remotely piloted aircraft fitted with imaging sensors have emerged as a viable option for specific weed control. However, addressing technological challenges is necessary to enable widespread adoption. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of an identification algorithm designed to generate maps for targeted pesticide application. Georeferenced images were acquired through remotely piloted aircraft flights conducted over commercial soybean and second-crop corn areas. Post-processed kinematic corrections of Global Navigation Satellite System coordinates achieved centimeter-level image accuracy. Orthomosaics generated from processed images provided the data for the analyzed algorithm, which produced localized application maps. Field validation data were gathered to create a ground truth map, and the weed identification performed by the algorithm was evaluated using the two-classes confusion matrix method. The performance indicators demonstrated average results of 0.78 for precision, 0.95 for recall, 0.77 for accuracy, 0.80 for F-score, and 0.56 for the Pearson's correlation. These values reveal the algorithm's proficient identification of weeds with surface areas exceeding 400 cm2. Utilizing artificial intelligence techniques for aerial images categorization offers a viable strategy for weed recognition and location-specific pesticide application. Nonetheless, further refinement is required to improve the algorithm's exactness and consistency, particularly to recognize weeds smaller than 400 cm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought, a serious global issue and a threat to sustainable agriculture, causing crop inhabitation and hindering agricultural growth and development. Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are essential for growth and development of plants in the face of abiotic stressors. The present study investigated the impact of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO 2 NPs) at the rate of 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L taken as (1-SiO 2 NPs and 2-SiO 2 NPs, respectively) on the morphological, nutritional, biochemical, hormonal, and the changes in metabolites alterations and/or modifications in Hordeum vulgare roots under three different levels of drought stress [75, 50, and 25 % filed capacity (FC)]. Furthermore, we tested hypothesis that i) drought stress affect the specific transporter proteins named NRT1, AMT1, PHT1, and HKT1 in barley roots causes nutritional imbalance, ii) SiO 2 NPs application reduce the osmotic stress and nutritional imbalance improve the barley's overall growth, iii) N-R-T transporters work in collaboration with the growth hormones helps drought sensitive barley roots. The current results suggested that maximum damage to barley roots was occurred at 50 and 25 % FC while the exogenous 2-SiO 2 NPs application substantially improved the biochemical processes, and metabolic activities, alleviated the oxidative stress by substantially reducing H 2 O 2 , OH-, and MDA by 9, 12, and 17 % significantly enhanced the nutritional content including K+, NO 3 -, NH 4 +, and P up to 1.4-, 1.1-, 1.3-, and 1.5-fold of the barley roots under severe drought condition (25 % FC). The results also indicated that the nutrient transporters work in conjugation with the growth hormones such as tZR, tZ, and cZ showed an up-regulation of 97.9-, 8-, and 1.1-fold, whereas, ABA and JA derivatives showed an increment of 1.1-, 1.4-, 1.2-, and 1.4-fold (ABA, ABA-GE, JA, JA-Me), while the others e.g. IAA, IAA-Glu, IAA-GE, SA, GA3, and GA4 showed a slight reduction of 6, 24, 21, 6, 6, and 4 % under severe (25 % FC) water-deficit condition, respectively. Another finding of this research revealed that drought stress substantially reduced the Total Pro. content up to 12 and 20 % under both 50 and 25 % FC, while NRT1, AMT1, and PHT1 showed an inhabitation of 14, 20, and 15 % under moderate drought (50 % FC) whereas (26, 34, and 33 %) under severe drought conditions in Hordeum vulgare roots, respectively. On the other hand, HKT1 experienced a substantial rise (1.23- and 1.45-fold) under both the water stress conditions. Interestingly, SiO 2 NPs application (20mg/L) ameliorated the negative effects of droughts and restored the nutrients transporter proteins in barley roots. [Display omitted] • Drought stress drastically affected the Hordeum vulagre 's roots functioning. • SiO 2 NPs application brought significant alterations and/or modification in metabolites/osmolytes reduced the osmotic stress and improved the roots morpho-physiological attributes. • Besides osmotic stress, barley roots also experienced nutritional imbalance (NO 3 -, NH 4 +, P, K+) correlated with the specific nutrient transporter proteins i.e. NRT1, AMT1, PHT1, and HKT1 present in roots. • The current findings revealed that 2-SiO 2 NPs (20 mg/L) produced significant results under drought stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the nematicidal and fungicidal activity of the biosurfactant (BS) produced by the strain Serratia ureilytica UTS was evaluated. The highest mortality of J2 juveniles of the nematode Nacobbus aberrans was 92.3% at a concentration of 30 mg/mL. Among the phytopathogenic fungi, the concentration of 1.0% of the crude extract of the biosurfactant was the one that obtained the highest percentage inhibition against the phytopathogens Fusarium oxysporum 72.2%, Fusarium sp., 80.2% and Alternaria solani 100% at 168 h of incubation. Analysis of the BS by GC-MS revealed the presence of the three amino acids alanine, homocystine and valine in its composition. As well as the presence of fatty acids: stearic acid, lauric acid and palmitic acid. With nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrophotometry (MS) analysis, the crude extract was found to have the structure of a quaternary ammonium salt derived from stearic fatty acid, which is a component of the biosurfactant. Based on this evidence, it is suggested that the BS produced by S. ureilytica has a lipopeptide-like chemical structure and possesses nematicidal and fungicidal activity, and is therefore proposed for potential use and application as a biopesticide for the benefit of regenerative and sustainable agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automated assessment of tomato crop maturity is vital for improving agricultural productivity and reducing food waste. Traditionally, farmers have relied on visual inspection and manual assessment to predict tomato maturity, which is prone to human error and time-consuming. Computer vision and deep learning automate this process by analysing visual characteristics, enabling data-driven harvest decisions, optimising quality, and reducing waste for sustainable and efficient agriculture. This research demonstrates deep learning models accurately classifying tomato maturity stages using computer vision techniques, utilising a novel dataset of 4,353 tomato images. The Vision Transformer (ViT) model exhibited superior performance in classifying tomatoes into three ripeness categories (immature, mature, and partially mature), achieving a remarkable testing accuracy of 98.67% and the Convolution neural network (CNN) models, including EfficientNetB1, EfficientNetB5, EfficientNetB7, InceptionV3, ResNet50, and VGG16, achieved testing accuracies of 88.52%, 89.84%, 91.16%, 90.94%, 93.15%, and 92.27%, respectively, when tested with unseen data. ViT significantly surpassed the performance of CNN models. This research highlights the potential for deploying ViT in agricultural environments to monitor tomato maturity stages and packaging facilities smartly. Transformer-based systems could substantially reduce food waste and improve producer profits and productivity by optimising fruit harvest time and sorting decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon has emerged as a critical component in enhancing plant resilience in challenging environments. Extensive research has demonstrated its effectiveness in bolstering plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, and metal toxicity. By accumulating silicon within their cells and tissues, plants can fortify their cell walls and enhance their mechanical strength. This, in turn, enables them to withstand adverse conditions by reducing water loss through stomata closure and minimizing excessive transpiration. Silicon plays a crucial role in regulating ion balance within plant systems, thereby improving nutrient absorption efficiency and mitigating heavy metal toxicity. It also amplifies antioxidant defenses and facilitates the production of defense-related compounds that shield against pathogens. With its numerous advantages, silicon holds immense potential for increasing crop productivity and ensuring food security in environmentally vulnerable regions worldwide. As researchers are probing into the mechanisms underlying silicon-mediated stress tolerance and developing cutting-edge technologies, its application is considered essential for achieving sustainability in crop production. This review delves into the potential of silicon for sustainable agriculture, considering its ability to boost crop yields, enhance food security, and reduce reliance on synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. Additionally, it addresses the current limitations and potential utilization of silicon in adverse circumstances, both for agricultural productivity and ecological restoration. By exploring these aspects, this article aims to shed light on the significance of silicon in the pursuit of a more resilient and sustainable agricultural system in challenging environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil cover biomass in integrated systems can improve agronomic characteristics and impact in soybean productivity. Thus, the objective is to evaluate the desiccation efficiency, biomass production, nutrient accumulation, and soybean productivity in Quênia guinea grass (Panicum maximum cv. BRS Quênia) biomass after with an intercropped with maize in different forms of seeding, in compare the conventional soybean. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replicates. The treatments consisted of cover crop biomass: maize monoculture; Quênia guinea grass monoculture; maize intercropped with Quênia guinea grass within rows; maize intercropped with Quênia guinea grass between rows and an additional soybean treatment without cover biomass. The results showed that the Quênia guinea grass in the different cropping systems presented high desiccation efficiency, showing potential as a cover plant in integrated systems. The intercropping system of maize with Quênia guinea grass between rows is more recommended than seeding in the same rows as maize, because it promotes greater biomass production and nutrient cycling, reflecting in higher soybean productivity. The integrated production systems is a promising and efficient technology for production systems compared to the system of monoculture maize and soybeans without soil cover biomass, which ensures greater sustainability of agricultural systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recalcitrant nature of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw, one of the most abundant agricultural residues, presents challenges for efficient decomposition, limiting nutrient release and organic matter retention in soils. Understanding the effects of tillage practices on wheat straw decomposition and shaping associated microbial communities is essential for enhancing microbial-mediated breakdown and optimizing residue management to enhance soil health, nutrient cycling, and sustainability in agricultural systems. In this study, the effect of different tillage practices on wheat straw decomposition and associated bacterial and fungal community compositions during non-growing and growing seasons were studied. To simulate tillage, litter bags filled with wheat straw were placed at respective soil depths for conventional (22–24 cm) and reduced (8–10 cm) tillage, and on the surface for the no-tillage treatment. The subsets of the litter bags were randomly retrieved after 145 days and at the end of the experiment after 290 days. Statistical analysis revealed that tillage treatments significantly influenced the decomposition rate and nutrient release over time. Overall, the alpha diversity of the decomposition-associated microbial community was not substantially affected by different tillage treatments, while beta diversity exhibited distinct microbial community compositions in relation to tillage practices. The results of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of wheat straw decomposition-associated bacterial and fungal communities' response to different tillage treatments, with observations made at two distinct sampling times (non-growing and growing seasons) under certain edaphic and climatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes. Citizens are becoming increasingly disconnected from food production. Despite this, many people still hold strong values about how food is produced. The aim of this study was to attain an in-depth understanding of Australian public attitudes toward sustainability and animal welfare in dairy production, as well as early-life killing of surplus dairy calves and cow-calf separation, issues commonly identified as being out of step with public values. We conducted 3 focus group sessions, each with 8 Australians who varied in age, gender identity, income, and frequency of consumption of dairy products. Thematic analysis of the semistructured discussions resulted in 2 key themes, each with underlying subthemes: (1) animal agriculture as an industry, including sustainability, farmers as people, and farming practices; and (2) personal impacts and reflections as citizens, including ethical considerations, and consumer behaviors. Participants varied in their attitudes toward sustainability and the consumption of animal products. This variation was influenced by the different ethical lenses through which they viewed the topics and alignment or otherwise with their personal values. Many participants acknowledged that farmers have a hard life and care about their animals but must also prioritize economics when making management decisions. Most participants were unaware of the common dairy industry practices of early-life killing of surplus calves and cow-calf separation, but once made aware, there was widespread rejection of the practices. Understanding and correcting where food animal production practices fail to align with the evolving values of the public provides opportunities to preserve the social sustainability of animal agriculture into the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is the most significant and stable economic sector in the world because it both directly and indirectly produces and supplies food for people. The demands of a growing population are beyond the capacity of global agriculture production to meet. The world has experienced varying degrees of food crises at different times. To ensure food security and meet the demands of an expanding population, pressure is being applied to the agriculture sector. Chemical fertilizers are therefore viewed as an essential source of plant nutrition for improving crop yields. Farmers began to believe that applying more chemical fertilizers results in increased crop yield. However, less than half of the fertilizer applied will be absorbed by the crop, with the surplus either leaching into water sources or becoming immobilized in the soil. With innovative nano-technological strategies that enhance precision farming methods, improve plant nutrient absorption, support land and water conservation, boost crop yield, and develop uses for nano-fertilizers (NFs), nanotechnology has enormous potential to improve agricultural practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bio-stimulant has emerged as promising tool in modern agriculture, offering potential solution to enhance the crop productivity in addition to promoting sustainable soil management practices. Bio-stimulants represent natural formulation that enhance the overall well-being, vitality, and development of plants while, safe guarding them from biotic and abiotic stresses. They had successfully used in both Agri-horticultural crops. A variety of bio-stimulants, such as extracts from seaweed, humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA), enzymes, amino acids, protein hydrolyzates, nitrogen-containing compounds, beneficial microorganisms and small organic molecules, have been utilized to augment both the growth and quality of crops. Findings from this review indicate a consistent response to bio-stimulant application across diverse plant species, including improved germination, enhanced shoot-root growth, optimization of bloom and fruit set periods, elevated crop health and yield, enhanced nutrient absorption and improved stress tolerant. Furthermore, bio-stimulants exert positive effects on soil health by enhancing soil structure, microbial activity, nutrient cycling and fertility. Through these mechanisms, they contribute to sustainable soil management practices and mitigate the adverse impacts of intensive agricultural practices. Overall, the role of bio-stimulants is essential for promoting agricultural sustainability and resilience against environmental challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant diseases pose a major risk to worldwide agriculture, negatively impacting crop production and economic stability. The introduction of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) associated with Cas proteins has marked a new phase in identifying plant pathogens, providing unmatched accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. This review delves into the effect of CRISPR-Cas technologies on agricultural disease management strategies. Techniques like SHERLOCK, DETECTR, and HOLMES demonstrate the potential for swift and on-site pathogen identification, merging high sensitivity with precision. Moreover, combining assays such as Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) and Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) with CRISPR/Cas improves diagnostic capabilities, making them ideal for field use due to their rapidity and cost-efficiency. These advancements indicate a transition toward sustainable agriculture by enhancing the ability to diagnose plant diseases more effectively. Utilizing CRISPR-Cas systems for detecting plant diseases not only strengthens global food security but also opens avenues for innovative, sustainable disease management practices in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change brings new challenges to the sustainable development of agriculture in the new era. Accurately grasping the patterns of climate change impacts on agricultural systems is crucial for ensuring agricultural sustainability and food security. Taking the Loess Plateau (LP), China as an example, this study used a coupling coordination degree model and spatial autocorrelation analysis to portray the spatial and temporal features of crop-cropland coupling relationship from 2000 to 2020 and explored the impact law of climate change through geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR). The results were as follows: 1) the crop-cropland coupling coordination degree of the LP showed a gradual upward trend from 2000 to 2020, forming a spatial pattern with lower values in the central region and higher values in the surrounding areas. 2) There was a positive correlation in the spatial distribution of crop-cropland coupling coordination degree in the LP from 2000 to 2020, and the high value-low value (H-L) and low value-low value (L-L) agglomerations continued to expand eastward, while the spatial and temporal evolution of the high value-high value (H-H) and low value-high value (L-H) agglomerations was not obvious. 3) The impacts of climatic elements on crop-cropland coupling coordination degree in the LP showed strong heterogeneity in time scales. The inhibitory impacts of summer days (SU) and frost days (FD) accounted for a higher proportion, while the annual average temperature (TEM) had both promoting and inhibiting impacts. The impacts proportion and intensity of extreme heavy precipitation day (R25), continuous drought days (CDD), and annual precipitation (PRE) all experienced significant changes. 4) In space, the impacts of SU and FD on the crop-cropland coupling coordination degree varied with latitude and altitude. The adaptability of the LP to R25 gradually strengthened, and the extensions of CDD and increase of PRE led to the increasing inhibition beyond the eastern region of LP, and TEM showed a promoting impact in the Fenwei Plain. As an important grain-producing area in China, the LP should actively deal with the impacts of climate change on the crop-cropland coupling relationship, vigorously safeguard food security, and promote sustainable agricultural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nepal has made significant strides in enhancing food security, achieving a moderate hunger index of 15.0 in 2023. However, the relationship between food security and reduced agro-biodiversity remains underexplored. This study investigates this interplay in Madhya Nepal Municipality, Lamjung District, Gandaki Province. Using Food Consumption Score (FCS) and Reduced Coping Strategies Index (rCSI), the study assesses food availability, nutrition sources, and coping mechanisms. The methodology includes field surveys, interviews, and analysis of 30 years of climate data. Ward-wise investigations reveal challenges and opportunities through quantitative and qualitative approaches. Motivated by the complex dynamics affecting food security and agricultural practices amid evolving environmental conditions, this research highlights community struggles and opportunities. It emphasizes the need for a balance between traditional and hybrid agriculture, calling for adaptive strategies to address climate change impacts. Integrating traditional knowledge with scientific innovations is crucial for sustainable food production. Results show higher food stock in some wards due to drought-resistant crops, while others face challenges with traditional farming reliance. Climate data analysis indicates significant temperature increases, affecting rice adaptation and traditional practices. Increased adoption of hybrid crops, supported by irrigation and improved technical knowledge, boosts cereal productivity. The study concludes a positive correlation between agro-biodiversity and food security, highlighting diverse agricultural systems' importance in mitigating climate change challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is a major threat to the livelihoods of communities in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly those in the Republic of Congo and Chad. Agroforestry has been identified as a sustainable option to enhance livelihoods while limiting the threat posed by climate change. It is against this background that this study investigates the livelihood assets and resilience of agroforestry practitioners in the Republic of Congo and Chad. Making use of a mixed methods and comparative analysis approach, findings reveal different livelihood assets categorized into natural, physical, human, social, and financial capitals. Natural assets, particularly trees, are universally recognized across both countries, but water availability differs significantly, with 81% of practitioners in the Republic of Congo having access compared to only 43% in Chad. Physical assets show stark contrasts; while over 70% of practitioners in the Congo reported having access to necessary tools and irrigation systems, only 17% of those in Chad reported similar access. Human assets highlight a reliance on indigenous knowledge in both countries, yet Chad faces lower formal education levels, particularly among livestock-based agroforestry practitioners. Social capital is notably stronger in the Republic of Congo, where 72% of practitioners benefit from robust networks, compared to only 41% in Chad. Financial assets are generally low, but particularly precarious in Chad, where savings range from 8 to 26%, limiting investment capacity. Resilience scores linked to these assets reveal that agroforestry practitioners in the Republic of Congo generally demonstrate higher resilience across all categories. Regression analysis highlights a strong positive relationship between various agroforestry practices (especially food crop-based and cash crop-based systems) and livelihood resilience, with coefficients suggesting a greater impact in Chad. This underscores the urgent need for policies that enhance access to physical, human, and financial resources, particularly in Chad, to foster sustainable agricultural practices and improve food security. These findings emphasize the importance of a holistic approach to strengthen livelihood assets, enhance resilience, and promote the adoption of effective agroforestry practices in both countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Forging new paths to manage herbicide-resistant weeds" discusses the challenges posed by herbicide-resistant weeds in Canadian agriculture, leading to significant economic losses. The spread of herbicide-resistant weeds across the country has necessitated new strategies for sustainable weed management. The article emphasizes the importance of a proactive approach, utilizing a biovigilance continuum to address herbicide resistance through awareness, detection, assessment, understanding, mitigation, and appropriateness of actions taken. Various research articles in the special issue provide insights into different aspects of herbicide-resistant weed management, offering a comprehensive framework for addressing this pressing issue in Canadian farming. [Extracted from the article]

Prior research on sustainability suggests that ambitious sustainability strategies are often turned into "business-as-usual" practices. Although ecological embeddedness—that is, actors' physical and cognitive anchoring in their ecological environment—can help maintain sustainability ambitions, its collective dynamics and pluralistic moral foundations remain understudied. We rely on the economies of worth framework and the revelatory case of a biodynamic farm business experiencing sustained commercial growth to explore these blind spots by analyzing how ecological embeddedness was maintained despite this growth. We found that moral threats moved the organization away from its initial sustainability commitment and demonstrated how the farm maintained its ecological embeddedness through three mechanisms that involved multiple moral foundations: nurturing ecological inspiration, networking green projects, and unifying a green ethos. By inducing such mechanisms of moral recombination, our analysis advances sustainability studies by clarifying and bridging individual and collective dynamics of ecological embeddedness while revealing their multiple moral foundations; we also extend economies of worth research by demonstrating the role of ecological materiality in the alignment of organizations with the green world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil is a depletable and non-renewable resource essential for food production, crop growth, and supporting ecosystem services, such as the retaining and cycling of various elements, including water. Therefore characterization and preservation of soil biological health is a key point for the development of sustainable agriculture. We conducted a comprehensive review of the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to develop forecasting models based on soil microbiota data able to monitor and predict soil health. We also investigated the potentiality of AI-based Decision Support Systems (DSSs) for improving the use of microorganisms to enhance soil health and fertility. While available studies are limited, potential applications of AI seem relevant to develop predictive models for soil fertility, based on its biological properties and activities, and implement sustainable precision agriculture, safeguarding ecosystems, bolstering soil resilience, and ensuring the production of high-quality food. Article Highlights: Maintaining healthy soil is crucial for sustainable agriculture to ensure long-term food production and environmental protection. Soil microbiota plays a main role in preserving soil health, therefore a correct analysis of soil microorganisms will help farmers understand and improve soil quality. Although research is limited, integrating AI technologies to monitor soil health holds great promise for sustainable precision agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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AbstractGlobal population growth has led to an increase in demand for food. Consequently, enhancing plant growth and increasing crop yields poses a significant challenge for the scientists. This challenge is further complicated by the fact that only 0.1% of phosphorus (P) is available for plants, because the majority of P is bound to other metallic elements in the soil. To compensate this deficiency, chemical P fertilizers is once thought to be the primary solution; however, their continuous use caused additional environmental problems. Soil is a suitable ecosystem for various microorganisms, including Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms (PSM), which have the ability to solubilize the inorganic phosphorus and make it available for plant uptake. This review study aims to present an overview of the diversity of PSM, to describe the mechanisms by which PSM solubilize phosphate, as well as the factors that influence each mechanism. Furthermore, reasons for why PSM represents a superior alternative to chemical fertilizers are provided. Finally, we highlight the importance of PSM in promoting plant growth alone or in combination with other soil microorganisms. PSMs may be considered as an eco-friendly solution to overcome the P deficiency; their use is regarded as a new horizon in increasing plant productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strengthening the development and utilization of agricultural resources and the protection of the ecological environment will not only help to promote the development of "Chinese modernization", but also be a bridge of harmony between mankind and nature. Standardized and rational development and utilization of agricultural resources is the cornerstone of the sustainable development of agricultural modernization in Guizhou. Therefore, this paper uses entropy method and coupled coordination model to explore the coupling and spatial and temporal characteristics of agricultural resource development and utilization and ecological environment protection in Guizhou Province from 2011 to 2021. The results show that the overall level of agricultural resources development and utilization in Guizhou Province is low, showing a trend of rising fluctuation and a spatial distribution pattern of "high in northeast and low in southwest". The overall ecological environment protection level in Guizhou Province shows a fluctuating upward trend and the "circle type" spatial distribution pattern with Guiyang City as the center. In Guizhou Province, the coupling coordination degree of agricultural resources development and utilization and ecological environment protection showed an upward trend on the whole, showing a spatial pattern of "high in the east and low in the west". Moreover, the coupling coordination type of most cities did not change significantly during the study, which was mainly manifested as the backward development level of agricultural resources development and utilization and synchronous obstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban agriculture plays a pivotal role in enhancing human well-being by contributing to food security, economic prosperity, and environmental sustainability. Despite its significance, many cities lack accurate inventories to identify suitable sites for such initiatives. This study examines the potential for urban agriculture in Cape Town using Multi-Criteria Decision Making techniques. Factors such as temperature, soil fertility, road accessibility, and precipitation were analysed using weighted overlay to determine the agricultural potential in Cape Town. Utilizing methodologies like the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Weighted Linear Combination, the agricultural potential was established. Findings indicate that there are highly suitable areas for agriculture whose potential has not yet been fully exploited. Currently, agricultural activities like vineyards, crop production, and cattle farming, though situated on good agricultural land, are not as prominent despite the availability of vast tracts of highly suitable land. Therefore, there is a need to raise awareness and promote urban agriculture to alleviate poverty-related food insecurities. The implementation of urban agriculture is anticipated to significantly improve food security, create economic opportunities, and enhance environmental sustainability within urban areas. The study recommends the need for longitudinal studies to gather essential information for informed decision-making, ensuring the sustainability of urban agriculture initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano-biochar considers a versatile and valuable sorbent to enhance plant productivity by improving soil environment and emerged as a novel solution for environmental remediation and sustainable agriculture in modern era. In this study, roles of foliar applied nanobiochar colloidal solution (NBS) on salt stressed tomato plants were investigated. For this purpose, NBS was applied (0%, 1% 3% and 5%) on two groups of plants (control 0 mM and salt stress 60 mM). Tween-20 was used as a surfactant to prolong NBS effective stay on plant leaf surface. The results showed that 3% NBS application effectively improved the plant height, plant biomass, fruit count and fruit weight under non-stressed and stressed plants. In addition, 3% NBS application further increased the plant pigments such as chlorophyll by 72% and 53%, carotenoids by 64% and 40%, leaf relative water content by 4.1 fold and 1.07 fold under both conditions, respectively. NBS application stabilized the plasma membrane via reducing electrolyte leakage by 30% as well as reduced the lipid peroxidation rates by 46% and 29% under non-stressed and stressed plants, respectively. 3% NBS application also significantly enhanced the plants primary and secondary metabolites, as well as activities of antioxidant enzymes compared to control plants. Overall, NBS foliar application significantly improved all growth and yield indices, pigments, primary and secondary metabolites, leaf water content, antioxidant enzyme activities as well as reduced electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation rates in tomato to combat stress conditions. In future, studies on nano biochar interactions with soil microbiota, surface modifications, long-term environmental impacts, reduced methane gas emissions, and biocompatibility could provide insights into optimizing its use in sustainable agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are considered an effective eco-friendly biostimulator. However, relatively few studies have examined how PGPB affect the native bacterial community of major crops. Thus, this study investigates the impact of a PGPB consortium, comprising Pseudomonas sp. G31 and Azotobacter sp. PBC2 (P1A), on the soil bacterial community of wheat under field conditions. As a result of PGPB application, we observed a significant increase in seed yield, as well as in nitrate content (1st and 3rd time points) and available phosphorus (2nd time point) in the rhizosphere compared to control. For the metataxonomic study, Next-Generation Sequencing was performed using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 system. The consortium used did not have a significant impact on the diversity of native soil bacteria and slightly affected the taxonomic composition of bacteria with no significant changes in bacterial dominants at the phylum and genus level. Nevertheless, 3 weeks after application, P1A increased the relative abundance of Nitrospira which could have influenced the increase in nitrates in the rhizosphere, and also decreased Bdellovibrio. The results indicate that the P1A consortium, due to its ability to promote plant growth without detrimental alternations in the bacterial community of the soil, may be a potential candidate for commercialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global food production predominantly depends on a limited number of cereal crops; however, numerous other crops have the potential to support the nutrition and economy of many local communities in developing countries. The different crop species characterized as having relatively low perceived economic importance or agricultural significance are known as underutilized crops. Millet is one of the underutilized crops with significant potential to address nutrient and hunger-related challenges in many developing countries like Nepal due to its versatility and climate resilience. Little is known about the determinants of adoption, cultural importance, and nutritional benefits of millet. Therefore, this study uses data from 1988 to 2019 and examines trends in millet production and its climate resilience, employing the Dynamic Ordinary Least Square Method. Results indicate that fertilizer use, cultivated area, and rural population significantly impact millet production in Nepal, while mean temperature has a negative but insignificant effect. The findings suggest that climate change does not significantly impact millet production. Millet is well adapted to challenging environments and offers superior nutritional value, suggesting that integration of millet into modern agriculture could be a valuable tool for creating a more sustainable, equitable, resilient, and healthy agrifood system that benefits both people and the planet. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers to enhance underutilized crops such as millet and implement strategies to integrate them into central agrifood systems. It also has a more considerable socio-economic impact on local communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces an innovative approach to enhance operational efficiency and reduce the energy consumption of seawater desalination through electrodialysis (ED) by expanding the beneficial outputs beyond desalinated water. In addition to hydrogen (H 2) gas production, the system is designed to generate nutrient-rich water for hydroponic farming by selectively recovering essential ions from seawater. The core innovation lies in integrating Monovalent Selective Membranes-Electrodialysis (MVS-ED) with ion-exchange resins (IEX-R). The new configuration allows for the selective removal of monovalent ions while preventing the leakage of multivalent ions such as magnesium and calcium, which are captured by the IEX-Rs. The ED cell simultaneously generates hydrogen gas at the cathode, with the separation of anolyte and catholyte solutions facilitating efficient gas collection. Several experiments are conducted using seawater under varying current densities and voltages, achieving a 96.23% removal of harmful ions (NaCl) from the seawater. The results reflect that the maximum H 2 gas generation rate achieved is 18 mmol/h while applying 15 mA/cm2 of current density and 8 V of applied potential. The system's minimum net energy consumption was calculated as 6.43 kWh/m3 of desalinated seawater with the benefit of producing carbon-free H 2 gas. The specific energy consumption for ion removal was 0.521 kWh/g, with energy and exergy efficiencies of 20.73% and 29.57%, respectively. This integrated MVS-ED and IEX-R system represents a significant advancement in sustainable desalination technology, offering a dual benefit of clean energy production and nutrient recovery, paving the way for resource-efficient agricultural practices and a sustainable future. • MVS-ED reduces energy consumption to 6.43 kWh/m³ while producing H₂. • IEX-R + MVS-ED emerges asa potential way to tackle water scarcity and energy issues. • Maximum energy efficiency of MVS-ED is achieved as 20.73%. • Maximum exergy efficiency of MVS-ED is achieved as 29.57%. • Maximum hydrogen production rate is achieved as 18 mmol/h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil salinization, extreme climate conditions, and phytopathogens are abiotic and biotic stressors that remarkably reduce agricultural productivity. Recently, nanomaterials have gained attention as effective agents for agricultural applications to mitigate such stresses. This review aims to critically appraise the available literature on interactions involving nanomaterials, plants, and microorganisms. This review explores the role of nanomaterials in enhancing plant growth and mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses. These materials can be synthesized by microbes, plants, and algae, and they can be applied as fertilizers and stress amelioration agents. Nanomaterials facilitate nutrient uptake, improve water retention, and enhance the efficiency of active ingredient delivery. Nanomaterials strengthen plant antioxidant systems, regulate photosynthesis, and stabilize hormonal pathways. Concurrently, their antimicrobial and protective properties provide resilience against biotic stressors, including pathogens and pests, by promoting plant immune responses and optimizing microbial-plant symbiosis. The synergistic interactions of nanomaterials with beneficial microorganisms optimize plant growth under stress conditions. These materials also serve as carriers of nutrients, growth regulators, and pesticides, thus acting like "smart fertilizers. While nanotechnology offers great promise, addressing potential environmental and ecotoxicological risks associated with their use is necessary. This review outlines pathways for leveraging nanotechnology to achieve resilient, sustainable, and climate-smart agricultural systems by integrating molecular insights and practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adjuvants are agrochemicals or natural substances, commonly mixed with pesticides to increase their efficacy or reduce off-target movement by modifying the physical properties of the spray solution, such as surface tension, droplet size, and spreadability, which ultimately improve pesticide adhesion and coverage on target surfaces. Adjuvant use across Europe remains less widespread compared to regions like the USA, where adjuvants are often recommended or required with certain herbicide applications. This paper highlights the potential benefits of incorporating adjuvants with herbicides in weed control, particularly as a strategy to reduce overall herbicide use. Findings from dose-response research on available adjuvants suggest they may enable the application of lower herbicide rates than typically recommended, without sacrificing effectiveness, thereby contributing to the goal of reducing herbicide use by 50% by 2030 in Europe. Furthermore, literature findings indicate that adjuvants significantly improve weed control by enhancing the performance of active ingredients, with efficacy increases of up to 50% compared to using herbicides alone. The integration of adjuvants into herbicide tank mixtures offers considerable promise, especially for managing herbicide-resistant weeds and achieving effective weed control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excessive use of chemical fertilizers in agricultural production has led to diminishing returns, necessitating alternative methods to enhance soil fertility and reduce fertilizer dependency. One promising approach is the integration of leguminous green manure, which improves soil structure, enhances nutrient cycling, and supports sustainable farming practices. However, the application of green manure in systems with continuous fertilizer reduction remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by investigating the effects of reducing nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers (N-P) by up to 24% in conjunction with multiple cropping of soybean green manure on soil fertility, organic carbon fractions, and wheat yield. The research employed a pot experiment conducted over two wheat-growing seasons (March 2021 to July 2022) at an experimental station in Baoji, China. Treatments included CK (control, no fertilizer), CF (conventional fertilizer), and reduced N-P fertilizer applications by 6% (RF6), 12% (RF12), 18% (RF18), and 24% (RF24). Key findings revealed that RF12 had no significant impact on wheat grain yield compared to CF. The incorporation of soybean green manure significantly improved soil alkaline nitrogen by 22.3% and available phosphorus by 30.7%, while high-labile organic carbon (H-LOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) increased by 34.5 and 29.6%, respectively. Additionally, a notable increase of 12.4% in soil organic carbon content was observed, suggesting enhanced carbon sequestration potential. This study provides valuable insights into sustainable agricultural practices by demonstrating that incorporating leguminous green manure alongside moderate fertilizer reduction can maintain crop yield, improve soil nutrient availability, and increase organic carbon content, thus supporting reduced reliance on chemical fertilizers and promoting long-term soil fertility and carbon sequestration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global agricultural challenges, especially soil degradation caused by abiotic stresses, significantly reduce crop productivity and require innovative solutions. Biochar (BC), a biodegradable product derived from agricultural and forestry residues, has been proven to significantly enhance soil quality. Although its benefits for improving soil properties are well-documented, the potential of BC to mitigate various abiotic stresses-such as drought, salinity, and heavy metal toxicity-and its effect on plant traits need further exploration. This review aims to elucidate BC production by highlighting primary feedstock's and synthesis techniques, and examining its role in boosting soil decomposition efficiency and fertility, which are pivotal for sustainable crop growth. This review also discuss how BC can enhance the nutritional and chemical properties of soil under different abiotic stress conditions, emphasizing its capacity to foster crop growth and development in adverse environments. Furthermore, this article serves as a comprehensive resource for agricultural researchers in understanding the importance of BC in promoting sustainable agriculture, and addressing environmental challenges. Ultimately, this review highlights critical knowledge gaps and proposes future research avenues on the bio-protective properties of BC against various abiotic stresses, paving the way for the commercialization of BC applications on a large scale with cutting-edge technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants, as sessile organisms, must adapt to a range of abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, heat, and cold, which are increasingly exacerbated by climate change. These stresses significantly impact crop productivity, posing challenges for sustainable agriculture and food security. Recent advances in omics studies and genetics have shed light on molecular mechanisms underlying plant stress responses, including the role of calcium (Ca2⁺) signaling, liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), and cell wall-associated sensors in detecting and responding to environmental changes. However, gaps remain in understanding how rapid stress signaling is integrated with slower, adaptive processes. Emerging evidence also highlights crosstalk between abiotic stress responses, plant immunity, and growth regulation, mediated by key components such as RAF-SnRK2 kinase cascades, DELLA proteins, etc. Strategies to enhance crop stress resistance without compromising yield include introducing beneficial alleles, spatiotemporal optimization of stress responses, and decoupling stress signaling from growth inhibition. This review emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary approaches and innovative technologies to bridge fundamental research and practical agricultural applications, aiming to develop resilient crops for sustainable food production in an era of escalating environmental challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Walnut (Juglans regia L.) breeding programs aim to develop new genotypes that exhibit superior agronomic traits, including high yield, improved nut quality, and favorable phenological traits. One of the primary methods used in these programs is hybridization, which involves controlled crosses between selected parent varieties. In reciprocal cross, understanding the genetic contributions of both maternal and paternal parents is crucial, as these contributions significantly influence the phenotypic traits of the resulting progeny. This knowledge allows breeders to predict and select genotypes that best meet the desired breeding objectives, ultimately enhancing agricultural productivity and sustainability. Results: This study analyzed the pomological traits of F1 plants derived from four different hybrid combinations: Pedro × Maraş 18, Pedro × Sütyemez 1, Maraş 18 × Pedro, and Sütyemez 1 × Pedro. The assessment focused on key nut traits, including nut length, nut diameter, nut weight, kernel weight, and kernel percentage. Statistical analyses revealed significant variations in these traits among the hybrid combinations, with these differences determined at the p < 0.05 significance level. Kernel weight exhibited the highest coefficient of variation (CV = 33.63%), indicating substantial variability in this trait among the hybrids. Nut diameter had the lowest variability (CV = 12.82%), suggesting greater consistency across the hybrid combinations. Other traits, such as nut weight, nut length, and kernel percentage, showed intermediate levels of variability, with CVs of 27.33%, 13.45%, and 18.59%, respectively. The study found that maternal parents played a more partially dominant role in determining nut traits in most hybrid combinations. However, when Sütyemez 1 and Maraş 18 were used as maternal parents, their influence on the inheritance of some nut traits was relatively greater than the other parent variety (Pedro). Conclusion: The findings emphasize the crucial role of parent selection in walnut hybridization breeding programs, with parental effects being relatively prominent in influencing pomological traits, underscoring the need for careful selection of maternal parents to achieve the desired outcomes. Among the varieties studied, Pedro, Maraş 18, and Sütyemez 1 were identified as promising parent genotypes for improving key nut traits. The variability observed in traits such as kernel and nut weights suggests potential for further selection and genetic improvement. This variation highlights the genetic diversity present in the studied hybrids, which can be effectively utilized in breeding efforts. These results not only contribute to the improvement of walnut varieties but also have broader implications for global walnut production, providing valuable guidance for breeding programs aiming to improve nut quality in walnut hybridization programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancing sustainable agriculture is crucial for achieving Goal 2: Zero Hunger, as it ensures that food production is efficient, environmentally friendly, and economically viable in the long term. Sustainable agriculture encompasses a range of practices, policies, and technologies that contribute to achieving this goal. By focusing on the significance of sustainable agriculture and fostering a deeper understanding of the complex challenges associated with achieving Zero Hunger, this overview emphasizes the need for multi-dimensional strategies that encompass environmental stewardship, social equity, and economic viability in agricultural systems. Furthermore, it explores the potential of emerging technologies such as precision agriculture, agroforestry, and digital platforms to revolutionize food production while minimizing environmental impact. Through a nuanced analysis of best practices and policies, the goals is to inspire collaborative efforts and informed decision-making toward building resilient and sustainable food systems that can effectively address the global challenge of hunger and malnutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current food systems require an urgent transition toward more sustainable food landscapes. One key discussion arising is on the potential of territorial approaches to foster the sustainability of agri-food systems, for which this paper provides a review. This systematic literature review is based on bibliometric methods which allowed us to identify in a fairly unbiased manner the most impactful authors, papers, and research trends. Three distinctive scientific fronts are identified, revealing research specializations defined by their distinctive social-territorial approach: sustainable agroecosystems at the farm level; agroecological initiatives at the community level; and transformation of the food system and societal values at the regional/national level. We expect this review will trigger and enrich further discussions about future trends and opportunities for enhancing the sustainability of agri-food systems. This is especially urgent since research on these topics is relatively recent, and conflicting approaches are identified for which an overall understanding of potential solutions is largely missing. Reconciling agricultural and biodiversity sustainability stands on top of current political agendas, and thus providing an overall picture of how territorial approaches confront this problem shall prove key in guiding better-informed land policy and management decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For optimizing production yield while limiting negative environmental impact, sustainable agriculture benefits from real-time, on-the-spot chemical analysis of soil at low cost. Colorimetric paper sensors are ideal candidates, however, their automated readout and analysis in the field is needed. Using mobile technology for paper sensor readout could, in principle, enable the application of machine-learning models for transforming colorimetric data into threshold-based classes that represent chemical concentration. Such a classification method could provide a basis for soil management decisions where high-resolution lab analysis is not required or available. In tropical regions, where reliable soil data is difficult to acquire, this approach would be particularly useful. Here, we report a mobile chemical analysis system based on colorimetric paper sensors that operates under tropical field conditions. A standard smartphone equipped with a dedicated software application automatically classifies the paper sensor results into three classes—low, medium, or high soil pH—which provides a basis for soil correction. The classification task is performed by a machine-learning model which was trained on the colorimetric pH indicators deployed on the paper sensor. By mapping topsoil pH on a test site with an area of 9 hectares, the mobile system was benchmarked in the field against standard soil lab analysis. The mobile system has correctly classified soil pH in 97% of test cases, while reducing the analysis turnaround time from days (soil lab) to minutes (mobile). By performing on-the-spot analyses using the mobile system in the field, a 9-fold increase of spatial resolution reveals pH-variations not detectable in the standard compound mapping mode of lab analysis. We discuss how the mobile analysis can support smallholder farmers and enable sustainable agriculture practices by avoiding excessive soil correction. The system can be extended to perform multi-parameter chemical tests of soil nutrients for applications in environmental monitoring at marginal manufacturing cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study highlights the critical mechanistic data supporting the ecological restoration advantages of biochar (BC) and its role in sustainable environmental management. Recognizing the substantial influence of specific feedstock sources and pyrolysis parameters on BC efficacy, this research aims to address these gaps through an extensive investigation into the potential benefits of BC application in ecological restoration. The methodology involves a systematic exploration of effects of BC from latest literature on various aspects of agricultural sustainability, including its ability to support crop growth, improve nutrient bioavailability, facilitate co-composting, enhance consumption efficiency, and contribute to water quality restoration. The main results of the study reveal that BC usage results in a net negative carbon (C) footprint, mitigates heavy metal pollution, and enhances soil and ecosystem health. In bioenergy production, BC serves as a versatile resource for generating renewable energy, reducing waste, and facilitating C sequestration. Advanced BC techniques, such as tailored pyrolysis processes and activation methods, further enhance its effectiveness in ecosystem restoration and sustainable resource management. Furthermore, the research identifies deficiencies in current literature and proposes future research directions to advance understanding of BC application. Overall, the study underscores the importance of considering feedstock and pyrolysis variables in BC research and highlights the potential of BC to contribute to ecological sustainability. However, concerns regarding potential health implications for humans in agricultural contexts warrant further investigation and risk assessment to ensure safe and sustainable BC application. Highlights: Rehabilitation efficiency of biochar (BC) depends on feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. BC benefits; crop productivity, nutrient availability, and water quality. The mechanistic data supporting BC ecological restoration perks. Adaptability of BC in habitat restoration, posing worker health concerns. BC understanding, identifying literature gaps and proposing future research areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Low temperatures disrupt nitrogen metabolism in tobacco, resulting in lower nicotine content in the leaves. 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) is a widely used plant growth regulator known for its roles in enhancing cold tolerance and nitrogen metabolism. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether EBR enhances leaf nicotine content under low temperature conditions during the mature stage of flue-cured tobacco. Results: To investigate the effects of EBR on leaf nicotine content under low temperature conditions during the mature stage of 'Yunyan 87' flue-cured tobacco, four treatments (foliar spraying of 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg·L− 1 EBR solutions) were performed by using a single-factor randomized complete block design. The result showed that foliar spraying of different concentrations of EBR notably improve the agronomic and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco to varying degrees, as well as increase the total nitrogen and nicotine content in the tobacco leaves. 0.2 mg·L− 1 EBR treatment showed better results, with nicotine content in the middle and upper leaves after curing increasing by 11.11% and 19.90%, respectively, compared to CK. Compared to the single EBR, foliar spraying of EBR compound containing α-Cyclodextrin and Tween 80 prolongs the effect of EBR, promotes the growth and development of tobacco plants. Combining EBR with CaCl2 and ZnSO4·7H2O significantly enhances the cold resistance of tobacco plants. Furthermore, combining EBR with higher concentrations of KH2PO4 is more effective in promoting the maturation and yellowing of the upper leaves than those with lower concentrations. Conclusions: This study provides new insights that foliar application of EBR enhances leaf nicotine content under low temperature conditions during the mature stage of flue-cured tobacco by regulating cold stress tolerance. The integration of EBR with α-Cyclodextrin, Tween 80, CaCl2, ZnSO4·7H2O and KH2PO4 showcases a novel approach to extending the effectiveness of plant growth regulators and improving agricultural sustainability. Furthermore, these findings may be applicable to other cold-sensitive crops, offering broader benefits for improving resilience and productivity under low temperatures. However, the research focuses on two growth cycles, without investigating the long-term impact of EBR on soil health, crop sustainability, and ecosystem. And further research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of EBR on enhancing leaf nicotine content. Clinical trial number: Not applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most urban community gardens in South Africa face challenges related to land tenure rights, often leading them to negotiate for land use in school gardens. This paper investigates the potential synergy between schools and school-based community gardens, exploring the mutually beneficial relationship that can be cultivated for both the community and students. The research contends that school-based community gardens can wield significant influence in enhancing food security and nutrition, catalyzing community development, and nurturing environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the pivotal role of school-based community gardens in fostering well-being within communities, empowering students, and contributing to a more enduring food system. Employing a qualitative approach, through semi-structured interviews conducted across 13 school-based community gardens situated in low-income townships on the Cape Flats of Cape Town, this paper underscores the advantages and challenges associated with leveraging school land for community gardens. By fortifying food security, propelling community development, and cultivating environmental sustainability, school-based gardens stand poised to be transformative agents, particularly within distressed neighborhoods of Cape Town. The findings of this research hold the potential to shape the establishment of resilient food production and distribution networks, thereby contributing to a comprehensive strategy for addressing food security, community development, and environmental sustainability in a holistic manner. Science highlights: • School-based community gardens empower communities, fostering well-being and sustainability. • Land tenure challenges in urban community gardens can be overcome through school partnerships. • School-based gardens nurture food security, community development, and environmental sustainability. • Integrating school land for gardens catalyzes resilient food systems in distressed areas. • Community gardens in schools drive empowerment and foster enduring food systems. Policy and practice recommendations: • Integrate school based community gardens into educational curricula for holistic learning experiences. • Facilitate partnerships between schools and communities to maximize school-based urban community gardens impact. • Implement supportive policies to secure land tenure for school-based community gardens. • Provide resources for training and capacity building in school-based urban community garden management. • Advocate for funding and support for sustainable urban agriculture initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: A serious challenge of our time, threatening the whole of humanity, is the lack of food. The aggravation of this problem in many countries is caused by climate change, natural and man-made disasters, deterioration of the epidemiological and geopolitical situation. Therefore, food security is of great importance for achieving global Sustainable Development Goals. The purpose of the article is to study the problem of food security and self-sufficiency as a factor of the country's sustainable development, develop an author's methodology and assess the level of food self-sufficiency in Kazakhstan, substantiate ways to improve it. Hypothesis: Proof/refutation of the need to increase food self-sufficiency in order to achieve country's sustainable development. Methods: The author's methodology for assessing food self-sufficiency by individual product groups. Information: A comparative analysis of existing methods, official statistical data, FAO data, a list of socially significant food products, physiological norms of food consumption in Kazakhstan. Results: Calculations showed an increase in the level of Kazakhstan's self-sufficiency for most types of socially significant food products in 2010–2022. However, there are big differences across the Kazakhstan's regions. The level of self-sufficiency was very high in 5 regions, and in 2 western regions there was a very low level of self-sufficiency in most types of products, except meat. Conclusions: To improve food security and ensure sustainable development of Kazakhstan, it is recommended to strengthen the state's regulatory role in the development of the agro-industrial complex, cooperation between agricultural producers and processing enterprises, the development of international food trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]