1,183 results on '"STEVENS, Carly"'
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152. Exploring engineering solutions to environmental hazards through Minecraft
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Hobbs, Laura, primary, Bentley, Sophie, additional, Behenna, Sarah, additional, and Stevens, Carly, additional
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- 2022
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153. Impact of plant cover on soil erosion, and barriers to cover crop use in Spanish orchards.
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Ripley, Helena, primary, Stevens, Carly, additional, and Quinton, John, additional
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- 2022
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154. An integrated belowground trait‐based understanding of nitrogen‐driven plant diversity loss
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Tian, Qiuying, primary, Lu, Peng, additional, Zhai, Xiufeng, additional, Zhang, Ruifang, additional, Zheng, Yao, additional, Wang, Hong, additional, Nie, Bao, additional, Bai, Wenming, additional, Niu, Shuli, additional, Shi, Peili, additional, Yang, Yuanhe, additional, Li, Kaihui, additional, Yang, Dianlin, additional, Stevens, Carly, additional, Lambers, Hans, additional, and Zhang, Wen‐Hao, additional
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- 2022
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155. Productivity Is a Poor Predictor of Plant Species Richness
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Adler, Peter B., Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Hillebrand, Helmut, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andy, Harpole, W. Stanley, O'Halloran, Lydia R., Grace, James B., Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Brown, Cynthia S., Buckley, Yvonne M., Calabrese, Laura B., Chu, Cheng-Jin, Cleland, Elsa E., Collins, Scott L., Cottingham, Kathryn L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, Ellen I., Davies, Kendi F., DeCrappeo, Nicole M., Fay, Philip A., Firn, Jennifer, Frater, Paul, Gasarch, Eve I., Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Lambers, Janneke Hille Ris, Humphries, Hope, Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam D., Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Lambrinos, John G., Li, Wei, MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Mortensen, Brent, Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren L., Wang, Gang, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin P., and Yang, Louie H.
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- 2011
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156. Grassland species composition and biogeochemistry in 153 sites along environmental gradients in Europe: Ecological Archives E092-128
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Stevens, Carly J., Dupré, Cecelia, Dorland, Edu, Gaudnik, Cassandre, Gowing, David J. G., Diekmann, Martin, Alard, Didier, Bobbink, Roland, Corcket, Emmanuel, Mountford, J. Owen, Vandvik, Vigdis, Aarrestad, Per Arild, Muller, Serge, and Dise, Nancy B.
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- 2011
157. Changes in species composition of European acid grasslands observed along a gradient of nitrogen deposition
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Stevens, Carly, Duprè, Cecilia, Gaudnik, Cassandre, Dorland, Edu, Dise, Nancy, Gowing, David, Bleeker, Albert, Alard, Didier, Bobbink, Roland, Fowler, David, Vandvik, Vigdis, Corcket, Emmanuel, Mountford, J. Owen, Aarrestad, Per Arild, Muller, Serge, and Diekmann, Martin
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- 2011
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158. Nitrogen but not phosphorus addition affects symbiotic N-2 fixation by legumes in natural and semi-natural grasslands located on four continents
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Vazquez, Eduardo, Vázquez Garcia, Eduardo, Schleuss, Per-Marten, Borer, Elizabeth T., Bugalho, Miguel N., Caldeira, Maria C., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Fay, Philip A., Haider, Sylvia, Jentsch, Anke, Kirkman, Kevin P., McCulley, Rebecca L., Peri, Pablo L., Price, Jodi, Richards, Anna E., Risch, Anita C., Roscher, Christiane, Schutz, Martin, Seabloom, Eric W., Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly J., Tedder, Michelle J., Virtanen, Risto, and Spohn, Marie
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Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use ,Soil Science - Abstract
Background and aims: The amount of nitrogen (N) derived from symbiotic N-2 fixation by legumes in grasslands might be affected by anthropogenic N and phosphorus (P) inputs, but the underlying mechanisms are not known.Methods: We evaluated symbiotic N-2 fixation in 17 natural and semi-natural grasslands on four continents that are subjected to the same full-factorial N and P addition experiment, using the N-15 natural abundance method.Results: N as well as combined N and P (NP) addition reduced aboveground legume biomass by 65% and 45%, respectively, compared to the control, whereas P addition had no significant impact. Addition of N and/or P had no significant effect on the symbiotic N-2 fixation per unit legume biomass. In consequence, the amount of N fixed annually per grassland area was less than half in the N addition treatments compared to control and P addition, irrespective of whether the dominant legumes were annuals or perennials.Conclusion: Our results reveal that N addition mainly impacts symbiotic N-2 fixation via reduced biomass of legumes rather than changes in N-2 fixation per unit legume biomass. The results show that soil N enrichment by anthropogenic activities significantly reduces N-2 fixation in grasslands, and these effects cannot be reversed by additional P amendment.
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- 2022
159. Contribution of acidification and eutrophication to declines in species richness of calcifuge grasslands along a gradient of atmospheric nitrogen deposition
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Stevens, Carly J., Thompson, Ken, Grime, J. Philip, Long, Christopher J., and Gowing, David J. G.
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- 2010
160. Nitrogen But Not Phosphorus Addition Affects Symbiotic N2 Fixation in Grasslands Located on Four Continents
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Vázquez, Eduardo, primary, Schleuss, Per-Marten, additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Bugalho, Miguel N., additional, Caldeira, Maria C., additional, Eisenhauer, Nico, additional, Eskelinen, Anu, additional, Fay, Philip A., additional, Haider, Sylvia, additional, Jentsch, Anke, additional, Kirkman, Kevin P., additional, McCulley, Rebecca L., additional, Peri, Pablo L., additional, Price, Jodi, additional, Richards, Anna E., additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Roscher, Christiane, additional, Schütz, Martin, additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Standish, Rachel J., additional, Stevens, Carly J., additional, Tedder, Michelle J., additional, Virtanen, Risto, additional, and Spohn, Marie, additional
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- 2022
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161. Nutrient identity modifies the destabilising effects of eutrophication in grasslands
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Carroll, Oliver, primary, Batzer, Evan, additional, Bharath, Siddharth, additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Campana, Sofía, additional, Esch, Ellen, additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Ohlert, Timothy, additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Adler, Peter B., additional, Bakker, Jonathan D., additional, Biederman, Lori, additional, Bugalho, Miguel N., additional, Caldeira, Maria, additional, Chen, Qingqing, additional, Davies, Kendi F., additional, Fay, Philip A., additional, Knops, Johannes M. H., additional, Komatsu, Kimberly, additional, Martina, Jason P., additional, McCann, Kevin S., additional, Moore, Joslin L., additional, Morgan, John W., additional, Muraina, Taofeek O., additional, Osborne, Brooke, additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Stevens, Carly, additional, Wilfahrt, Peter A., additional, Yahdjian, Laura, additional, and MacDougall, Andrew S., additional
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- 2021
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162. Investing in the future of science: Assessing UK environmental science engagement with school‐aged children
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Hobbs, Laura, primary and Stevens, Carly, additional
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- 2021
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163. Faculty Opinions recommendation of Synergistic effects of four climate change drivers on terrestrial carbon cycling.
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Stevens, Carly, primary
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- 2021
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164. Uncovering Environmental Change in the English Lake District:Using Computational Techniques to Trace Shifting Practice in the Historical Documentation of Flora
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Smail, Robert, Donaldson, Christopher, Stevens, Carly, Rayson, Paul, and Govaerts, Rafaël
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There is a lack of concrete knowledge about floristic change in Britain before the mid-twentieth century. Relevant evidence is available, but it is principally contained in disparate historical sources, and this is a major impediment to further research. In this article we demonstrate how these sources can be efficiently collated and analysed through the implementation of state-of-the-art computational-linguistic and historical-GIS techniques. We do so through a case study which focuses on the floristic history of the English Lake District. This region has been selected because of its outstanding cultural and environmental value and because it has been extensively and continuously documented since the late seventeenth century. We outline how Natural language processing (NLP) techniques can be integrated with Kew’s Plants of the World Online (POWO) database to enable temporal shifts in plant-naming conventions to be more accurately traced across a heterogeneous corpus of texts published between 1682 and 1904. Through collocate analysis and automated geoparsing techniques, the geographies associated with these plant names is then identified and extracted. Finally, we use geographic information systems (GIS) to demonstrate the potential of this dataset for geo-temporal analysis and for revealing the historical distribution of Lake District flora. In outlining our methodology, this article indicates how the spatial and digital humanities can benefit research both in environmental history and in the environmental sciences more widely.
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- 2021
165. Eutrophication weakens stabilizing effects of diversity in natural grasslands
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Hautier, Yann, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Adler, Peter B., Harpole, W. Stanley, Hillebrand, Helmut, Lind, Eric M., MacDougall, Andrew S., Stevens, Carly J., Bakker, Jonathan D., Buckley, Yvonne M., Chu, Chengjin, Collins, Scott L., Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen I., Davies, Kendi F., Fay, Philip A., Firn, Jennifer, Gruner, Daniel S., Jin, Virginia L., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M.H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Li, Wei, McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Moore, Joslin L., O'Halloran, Lydia R., Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, and Hector, Andy
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Environmental issues ,Science and technology ,Zoology and wildlife conservation - Abstract
Studies of experimental grassland communities (1-7) have demonstrated that plant diversity can stabilize productivity through species asynchrony, in which decreases in the biomass of some species are compensated for by increases in others (12). However, it remains unknown whether these findings are relevant to natural ecosystems, especially those for which species diversity is threatened by anthropogenic global change (8-11). Here we analyse diversity-stability relationships from 41 grasslands on five continents and examine how these relationships are affected by chronic fertilization, one of the strongest drivers of species loss globally (8). Unmanipulated communities with more species had greater species asynchrony, resulting in more stable biomass production, generalizing a result from biodiversity experiments to real-world grasslands. However, fertilization weakened the positive effect of diversity on stability. Contrary to expectations, this was not due to species loss after eutrophication but rather to an increase in the temporal variation of productivity in combination with a decrease in species asynchrony in diverse communities. Our results demonstrate separate and synergistic effects of diversity and eutrophication on stability, emphasizing the need to understand how drivers of global change interactively affect the reliable provisioning of ecosystem services in real-world systems., Rapid declines in plant diversity have prompted concern over the consequences for the stability of ecosystem functioning and the reliable provisioning of ecological services (7,12,13). The first attempts to address [...]
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- 2014
166. Simulated nitrogen deposition affects soil fauna from a semiarid Mediterranean ecosystem in central Spain
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Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Rocha, Iluminada, Stevens, Carly J., Manrique, Esteban, and Luciañez, María José
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- 2014
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167. Environmental myopia: a diagnosis and a remedy
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Silvertown, Jonathan, Tallowin, Jerry, Stevens, Carly, Power, Sally A., Morgan, Vicky, Emmett, Bridget, Hester, Alison, Grime, Philip J., Morecroft, Michael, Buxton, Robin, Poulton, Paul, Jinks, Richard, and Bardgett, Richard
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- 2010
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168. The effects of sealing on urban soil carbon and nutrients
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O'Riordan, Roisin, primary, Davies, Jess, additional, Stevens, Carly, additional, and Quinton, John N., additional
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- 2021
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169. Soil properties as key predictors of global grassland production: Have we overlooked micronutrients?
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Radujković, Dajana, primary, Verbruggen, Erik, additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Bahn, Michael, additional, Biederman, Lori A., additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Boughton, Elizabeth H., additional, Catford, Jane A., additional, Campioli, Matteo, additional, Donohue, Ian, additional, Ebeling, Anne, additional, Eskelinen, Anu, additional, Fay, Philip A., additional, Hansart, Amandine, additional, Knops, Johannes M. H., additional, MacDougall, Andrew S., additional, Ohlert, Timothy, additional, Olde Venterink, Harry, additional, Raynaud, Xavier, additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Roscher, Christiane, additional, Schütz, Martin, additional, Silveira, Maria Lucia, additional, Stevens, Carly J., additional, Van Sundert, Kevin, additional, Virtanen, Risto, additional, Wardle, Glenda M., additional, Wragg, Peter D., additional, and Vicca, Sara, additional
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- 2021
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170. Temporal rarity is a better predictor of local extinction risk than spatial rarity
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Wilfahrt, Peter A., primary, Asmus, Ashley L., additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Henning, Jeremiah A., additional, Adler, Peter, additional, Arnillas, Carlos A., additional, Bakker, Jonathan D., additional, Biederman, Lori, additional, Brudvig, Lars A., additional, Cadotte, Marc, additional, Daleo, Pedro, additional, Eskelinen, Anu, additional, Firn, Jennifer, additional, Harpole, W. Stanley, additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Kirkman, Kevin P., additional, Komatsu, Kimberly J., additional, Laungani, Ramesh, additional, MacDougall, Andrew, additional, McCulley, Rebecca L., additional, Moore, Joslin L., additional, Morgan, John W., additional, Mortensen, Brent, additional, Ochoa Hueso, Raul, additional, Ohlert, Timothy, additional, Power, Sally A., additional, Price, Jodi, additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Schuetz, Martin, additional, Shoemaker, Lauren, additional, Stevens, Carly, additional, Strauss, Alexander T., additional, Tognetti, Pedro M., additional, Virtanen, Risto, additional, and Borer, Elizabeth T., additional
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- 2021
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171. The ecosystem services of urban soils: A review
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O'Riordan, Roisin, primary, Davies, Jess, additional, Stevens, Carly, additional, Quinton, John N, additional, and Boyko, Christopher, additional
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- 2021
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172. Policy implications of pollution swapping
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Stevens, Carly J. and Quinton, John N.
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- 2009
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173. RESEARCH PROGRESS ON THE IMPACT OF NITROGEN DEPOSITION ON GLOBAL GRASSLANDS.
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STEVENS, Carly J., BASTO, Sofía, BELL, Michael D., Tianxiang HAO, KIRKMAN, Kevin, and OCHOA-HUESO, Raúl
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GRASSLANDS , *NITROGEN , *BIOMASS production , *EUTROPHICATION , *UPLANDS - Abstract
Grasslands are globally-important ecosystems providing critical ecosystem services. The species composition and characteristics of grasslands vary considerably across the planet with a wide variety of different grasslands found. However, in many regions grasslands have been impacted by atmospheric nitrogen deposition originating from anthropogenic activities with effects on productivity, species composition and diversity widely reported. Impacts vary across grassland habitats but many show declines in species richness and increases in biomass production related to soil eutrophication and acidification. At a continental level, there is considerable variation in the research effort that has been put into understanding the impacts of nitrogen deposition. In Europe, North America and parts of Asia, although there are unanswered research questions, there is a good understanding of N deposition impacts in most grassland habitats. This is not the case in other regions with large knowledge gaps in some parts of the world. This paper reviews the impacts of N deposition on grasslands around the world, highlighting recent advances and areas where research is still needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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174. A NEW APPROACH TO HOLISTIC NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN CHINA.
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Xuejun LIU, Zhenling CUI, Tianxiang HAO, Lixing YUAN, Ying ZHANG, Baojing GU, Wen XU, Hao YING, Weifeng ZHANG, Tingyu LI, Xiaoyuan YAN, GOULDING, Keith, KANTER, David, HOWARTH, Robert, STEVENS, Carly, LADHA, Jagdish, Qianqian LI, Lei LIU, DE VRIES, Wim, and Fusuo ZHANG
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NITROGEN ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,MANURES ,FERTILIZERS ,SUSTAINABILITY - Abstract
Since the 1980s, the widespread use of N fertilizer has not only resulted in a strong increase in agricultural productivity but also caused a number of environmental problems, induced by excess reactive N emissions. A range of approaches to improve N management for increased agricultural production together with reduced environmental impacts has been proposed. The 4R principles (right product, right amount, right time and right place) for N fertilizer application have been essential for improving crop productivity and N use efficiency while reducing N losses. For example, site-specific N management (as part of 4R practice) reduced N fertilizer use by 32% and increased yield by 5% in China. However, it has not been enough to overcome the challenge of producing more food with reduced impact on the environment and health. This paper proposes a new framework of food-chainnitrogen-management (FCNM). This involves good N management including the recycling of organic manures, optimized crop and animal production and improved human diets, with the aim of maximizing resource use efficiency and minimizing environmental emissions. FCNM could meet future challenges for food demand, resource sustainability and environmental safety, key issues for green agricultural transformation in China and other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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175. Differential Effects of Oxidised and Reduced Nitrogen on Vegetation and Soil Chemistry of Species-Rich Acidic Grasslands
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Dorland, Edu, Stevens, Carly J., Gaudnik, Cassandre, Corcket, Emmanuel, Rotthier, Suzanne, Wotherspoon, Katherine, Jokerud, Mari, Vandvik, Vigdis, Soons, Merel B., Hefting, Mariet M., Aarrestad, Per Arild, Alard, Didier, Diekmann, Martin, Duprè, Cecilia, Dise, Nancy B., Gowing, David J. G., and Bobbink, Roland
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- 2013
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176. Negative effects of nitrogen override positive effects of phosphorus on grassland legumes worldwide
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Tognetti, Pedro M., primary, Prober, Suzanne M., additional, Báez, Selene, additional, Chaneton, Enrique J., additional, Firn, Jennifer, additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Schuetz, Martin, additional, Simonsen, Anna K., additional, Yahdjian, Laura, additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, additional, Bakker, Jonathan D., additional, Brown, Cynthia S., additional, Cadotte, Marc W., additional, Caldeira, Maria C., additional, Daleo, Pedro, additional, Dwyer, John M., additional, Fay, Philip A., additional, Gherardi, Laureano A., additional, Hagenah, Nicole, additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Komatsu, Kimberly J., additional, McCulley, Rebecca L., additional, Price, Jodi N., additional, Standish, Rachel J., additional, Stevens, Carly J., additional, Wragg, Peter D., additional, and Sankaran, Mahesh, additional
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- 2021
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177. Spatial turnover of multiple ecosystem functions is more associated with plant than soil microbial β‐diversity
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Jing, Xin, primary, Prager, Case M., additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Gotelli, Nicholas J., additional, Gruner, Daniel S., additional, He, Jin‐Sheng, additional, Kirkman, Kevin, additional, MacDougall, Andrew S., additional, McCulley, Rebecca L., additional, Prober, Suzanne M., additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Stevens, Carly J., additional, Classen, Aimée T., additional, and Sanders, Nathan J., additional
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- 2021
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178. Benchmarking plant diversity of Palaearctic grasslands and other open habitats
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Biurrun, Idoia, primary, Pielech, Remigiusz, additional, Dembicz, Iwona, additional, Gillet, François, additional, Kozub, Łukasz, additional, Marcenò, Corrado, additional, Reitalu, Triin, additional, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, additional, Guarino, Riccardo, additional, Chytrý, Milan, additional, Pakeman, Robin J., additional, Preislerová, Zdenka, additional, Axmanová, Irena, additional, Burrascano, Sabina, additional, Bartha, Sándor, additional, Boch, Steffen, additional, Bruun, Hans Henrik, additional, Conradi, Timo, additional, De Frenne, Pieter, additional, Essl, Franz, additional, Filibeck, Goffredo, additional, Hájek, Michal, additional, Jiménez‐Alfaro, Borja, additional, Kuzemko, Anna, additional, Molnár, Zsolt, additional, Pärtel, Meelis, additional, Pätsch, Ricarda, additional, Prentice, Honor C., additional, Roleček, Jan, additional, Sutcliffe, Laura M. E., additional, Terzi, Massimo, additional, Winkler, Manuela, additional, Wu, Jianshuang, additional, Aćić, Svetlana, additional, Acosta, Alicia T. R., additional, Afif, Elias, additional, Akasaka, Munemitsu, additional, Alatalo, Juha M., additional, Aleffi, Michele, additional, Aleksanyan, Alla, additional, Ali, Arshad, additional, Apostolova, Iva, additional, Ashouri, Parvaneh, additional, Bátori, Zoltán, additional, Baumann, Esther, additional, Becker, Thomas, additional, Belonovskaya, Elena, additional, Benito Alonso, José Luis, additional, Berastegi, Asun, additional, Bergamini, Ariel, additional, Bhatta, Kuber Prasad, additional, Bonini, Ilaria, additional, Büchler, Marc‐Olivier, additional, Budzhak, Vasyl, additional, Bueno, Álvaro, additional, Buldrini, Fabrizio, additional, Campos, Juan Antonio, additional, Cancellieri, Laura, additional, Carboni, Marta, additional, Ceulemans, Tobias, additional, Chiarucci, Alessandro, additional, Chocarro, Cristina, additional, Conti, Luisa, additional, Csergő, Anna Mária, additional, Cykowska‐Marzencka, Beata, additional, Czarniecka‐Wiera, Marta, additional, Czarnocka‐Cieciura, Marta, additional, Czortek, Patryk, additional, Danihelka, Jiří, additional, Bello, Francesco, additional, Deák, Balázs, additional, Demeter, László, additional, Deng, Lei, additional, Diekmann, Martin, additional, Dolezal, Jiri, additional, Dolnik, Christian, additional, Dřevojan, Pavel, additional, Dupré, Cecilia, additional, Ecker, Klaus, additional, Ejtehadi, Hamid, additional, Erschbamer, Brigitta, additional, Etayo, Javier, additional, Etzold, Jonathan, additional, Farkas, Tünde, additional, Farzam, Mohammad, additional, Fayvush, George, additional, Fernández Calzado, María Rosa, additional, Finckh, Manfred, additional, Fjellstad, Wendy, additional, Fotiadis, Georgios, additional, García‐Magro, Daniel, additional, García‐Mijangos, Itziar, additional, Gavilán, Rosario G., additional, Germany, Markus, additional, Ghafari, Sahar, additional, Giusso del Galdo, Gian Pietro, additional, Grytnes, John‐Arvid, additional, Güler, Behlül, additional, Gutiérrez‐Girón, Alba, additional, Helm, Aveliina, additional, Herrera, Mercedes, additional, Hüllbusch, Elisabeth M., additional, Ingerpuu, Nele, additional, Jägerbrand, Annika K., additional, Jandt, Ute, additional, Janišová, Monika, additional, Jeanneret, Philippe, additional, Jeltsch, Florian, additional, Jensen, Kai, additional, Jentsch, Anke, additional, Kącki, Zygmunt, additional, Kakinuma, Kaoru, additional, Kapfer, Jutta, additional, Kargar, Mansoureh, additional, Kelemen, András, additional, Kiehl, Kathrin, additional, Kirschner, Philipp, additional, Koyama, Asuka, additional, Langer, Nancy, additional, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, additional, Lepš, Jan, additional, Li, Ching‐Feng, additional, Li, Frank Yonghong, additional, Liendo, Diego, additional, Lindborg, Regina, additional, Löbel, Swantje, additional, Lomba, Angela, additional, Lososová, Zdeňka, additional, Lustyk, Pavel, additional, Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L., additional, Ma, Wenhong, additional, Maccherini, Simona, additional, Magnes, Martin, additional, Malicki, Marek, additional, Manthey, Michael, additional, Mardari, Constantin, additional, May, Felix, additional, Mayrhofer, Helmut, additional, Meier, Eliane Seraina, additional, Memariani, Farshid, additional, Merunková, Kristina, additional, Michelsen, Ottar, additional, Molero Mesa, Joaquín, additional, Moradi, Halime, additional, Moysiyenko, Ivan, additional, Mugnai, Michele, additional, Naqinezhad, Alireza, additional, Natcheva, Rayna, additional, Ninot, Josep M., additional, Nobis, Marcin, additional, Noroozi, Jalil, additional, Nowak, Arkadiusz, additional, Onipchenko, Vladimir, additional, Palpurina, Salza, additional, Pauli, Harald, additional, Pedashenko, Hristo, additional, Pedersen, Christian, additional, Peet, Robert K., additional, Pérez‐Haase, Aaron, additional, Peters, Jan, additional, Pipenbaher, Nataša, additional, Pirini, Chrisoula, additional, Pladevall‐Izard, Eulàlia, additional, Plesková, Zuzana, additional, Potenza, Giovanna, additional, Rahmanian, Soroor, additional, Rodríguez‐Rojo, Maria Pilar, additional, Ronkin, Vladimir, additional, Rosati, Leonardo, additional, Ruprecht, Eszter, additional, Rusina, Solvita, additional, Sabovljević, Marko, additional, Sanaei, Anvar, additional, Sánchez, Ana M., additional, Santi, Francesco, additional, Savchenko, Galina, additional, Sebastià, Maria Teresa, additional, Shyriaieva, Dariia, additional, Silva, Vasco, additional, Škornik, Sonja, additional, Šmerdová, Eva, additional, Sonkoly, Judit, additional, Sperandii, Marta Gaia, additional, Staniaszek‐Kik, Monika, additional, Stevens, Carly, additional, Stifter, Simon, additional, Suchrow, Sigrid, additional, Swacha, Grzegorz, additional, Świerszcz, Sebastian, additional, Talebi, Amir, additional, Teleki, Balázs, additional, Tichý, Lubomír, additional, Tölgyesi, Csaba, additional, Torca, Marta, additional, Török, Péter, additional, Tsarevskaya, Nadezda, additional, Tsiripidis, Ioannis, additional, Turisová, Ingrid, additional, Ushimaru, Atushi, additional, Valkó, Orsolya, additional, Van Mechelen, Carmen, additional, Vanneste, Thomas, additional, Vasheniak, Iuliia, additional, Vassilev, Kiril, additional, Viciani, Daniele, additional, Villar, Luis, additional, Virtanen, Risto, additional, Vitasović‐Kosić, Ivana, additional, Vojtkó, András, additional, Vynokurov, Denys, additional, Waldén, Emelie, additional, Wang, Yun, additional, Weiser, Frank, additional, Wen, Lu, additional, Wesche, Karsten, additional, White, Hannah, additional, Widmer, Stefan, additional, Wolfrum, Sebastian, additional, Wróbel, Anna, additional, Yuan, Zuoqiang, additional, Zelený, David, additional, Zhao, Liqing, additional, and Dengler, Jürgen, additional
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- 2021
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179. Ambient nitrogen deposition drives plant‐diversity decline by nitrogen accumulation in a closed grassland ecosystem
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Lu, Peng, primary, Hao, Tianxiang, additional, Li, Xin, additional, Wang, Hong, additional, Zhai, Xiufeng, additional, Tian, Qiuying, additional, Bai, Wenming, additional, Stevens, Carly, additional, and Zhang, Wen‐Hao, additional
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- 2021
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180. Author Correction: General destabilizing effects of eutrophication on grassland productivity at multiple spatial scales (Nature Communications, (2020), 11, 1, (5375), 10.1038/s41467-020-19252-4)
- Author
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Hautier, Yann, Zhang, Pengfei, Loreau, Michel, Wilcox, Kevin R., Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Byrnes, Jarrett E.K., Koerner, Sally E., Komatsu, Kimberly J., Lefcheck, Jonathan S., Hector, Andy, Adler, Peter B., Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos A., Bakker, Jonathan D., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc, Caldeira, Maria C., Carroll, Oliver, Crawley, Mick, Collins, Scott L., Daleo, Pedro, Dee, Laura E., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Fay, Philip A., Gilbert, Benjamin, Hansar, Amandine, Isbell, Forest, Knops, Johannes M.H., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Mori, Akira S., Peri, Pablo L., Pos, Edwin T., Power, Sally A., Price, Jodi N., Reich, Peter B., Risch, Anita C., Roscher, Christiane, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schütz, Martin, Smith, Melinda, Stevens, Carly, Tognetti, Pedro M., Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Wilfahrt, Peter A., Wang, Shaopeng, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, and Ecology and Biodiversity
- Subjects
Chemistry(all) ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all) ,Physics and Astronomy(all) - Abstract
The original version of this Article contained an error in the author affiliations. The affiliation of Martin Schütz with Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland was inadvertently omitted. Martin Schütz was incorrectly associated with Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, US. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
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- 2021
181. Increasing effects of chronic nutrient enrichment on plant diversity loss and ecosystem productivity over time
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Seabloom, Eric W, Adler, Peter B, Alberti, Juan, Biederman, Lori, Buckley, Yvonne M, Cadotte, Marc W, Collins, Scott L, Dee, Laura, Fay, Philip A, Firn, Jennifer, Hagenah, Nicole, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andy, Hobbie, Sarah E, Isbell, Forest, Knops, Johannes M H, Komatsu, Kimberly J, Laungani, Ramesh, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Ohlert, Timothy, Prober, Suzanne M, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J, Borer, Elizabeth T, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, and Ecology and Biodiversity
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0106 biological sciences ,Nitrogen ,Evolution ,Biodiversity ,Biology ,complex mixtures ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Soil ,Nutrient ,Behavior and Systematics ,Taverne ,Ecosystem ,Biomass ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,biodiversity ,Biomass (ecology) ,Ecology ,ecosystem ecology, grasslands ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Soil organic matter ,grasslands ,food and beverages ,ecosystem ecology ,Nutrients ,nutrient network ,Grassland ,NutNet ,Productivity (ecology) ,Soil fertility ,Ecosystem ecology ,human activities ,community ecology - Abstract
Human activities are enriching many of Earth's ecosystems with biologically limiting mineral nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). In grasslands, this enrichment generally reduces plant diversity and increases productivity. The widely demonstrated positive effect of diversity on productivity suggests a potential negative feedback, whereby nutrient-induced declines in diversity reduce the initial gains in productivity arising from nutrient enrichment. In addition, plant productivity and diversity can be inhibited by accumulations of dead biomass, which may be altered by nutrient enrichment. Over longer time frames, nutrient addition may increase soil fertility by increasing soil organic matter and nutrient pools. We examined the effects of 5-11 yr of nutrient addition at 47 grasslands in 12 countries. Nutrient enrichment increased aboveground live biomass and reduced plant diversity at nearly all sites, and these effects became stronger over time. We did not find evidence that nutrient-induced losses of diversity reduced the positive effects of nutrients on biomass; however, nutrient effects on live biomass increased more slowly at sites where litter was also increasing, regardless of plant diversity. This work suggests that short-term experiments may underestimate the long-term nutrient enrichment effects on global grassland ecosystems.
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- 2021
182. Effects of soil amendment with anaerobic digestate and wood-ash (bioenergy residues) on biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil
- Author
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Ojo, Adesola, Semple, Kirk, and Stevens, Carly
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Bioavailability ,PAH-soil contact time ,Bioaccessibility ,Hydrophobic organic compounds ,Soil amendments ,complex mixtures ,Chemical extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ,Anaerobic digestate ,Wood-ash ,Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ,organic residues ,Biodegradation ,Combined addition of anaerobic digestate and wood-ash to soil ,Inorganic amendments ,Petroleum hydrocarbons ,Bioremediation ,Organic amendments - Abstract
Many organic contaminants found in the soil are associated with industrial emissions and/or spills; these include petroleum hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in particular. PAHs accumulate in soil due to their low aqueous solubility, volatility, hydrophobicity and recalcitrant chemical structures. The environmental persistence and risks associated with human and environmental health emphasize the importance of the treatment of PAH-contaminated soil. Various physical and chemical technologies known to have been employed in remediating PAH-contaminated soils are expensive and have further environmental challenges compared to microbial degradation which is less costly and environmentally sustainable. However, the stimulation of microbial activity with recurrent addition of mineral nutrients is known to damage the soil quality, while soil amendment with the residues of renewable energy production becomes a suitable option due to their nutrient contents, environmental sustainability and economic feasibility. This thesis evaluates the environmental fate and impact of PAHs in the soil and the biodegradation of PAHs in contaminated soils. It further investigates the effects of soil amendment with organic residues, particularly anaerobic digestate (AD) (a semi-solid biogas residue), wood-ash (WA) (a timber combustion residue) and their mixtures on indigenous microbial activity, and how the effects influence the indigenous biodegradation of PAHs. The findings provide insights into the implications of microbial degradation of PAHs in soils lacking in nutrients, the effects of soil amendment with AD and/or WA on biodegradation of PAHs, and the correct amounts of AD and WA that could be used as a combined soil amendment to stimulate indigenous biodegradation of PAHs.
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- 2021
183. Spatial turnover of multiple ecosystem functions is more associated with plant than soil microbial β-diversity
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Jing, Xin, Prager, Case M., Borer, Elizabeth T., Gotelli, Nicholas J., Gruner, Daniel S., He, Jin-Sheng, Kirkman, Kevin, MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Prober, Suzanne M., Seabloom, Eric W., Stevens, Carly J., Classen, Aimée T., Sanders, Nathan J., Jing, Xin, Prager, Case M., Borer, Elizabeth T., Gotelli, Nicholas J., Gruner, Daniel S., He, Jin-Sheng, Kirkman, Kevin, MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Prober, Suzanne M., Seabloom, Eric W., Stevens, Carly J., Classen, Aimée T., and Sanders, Nathan J.
- Abstract
Biodiversity—both above- and belowground—influences multiple functions in terrestrial ecosystems. Yet, it is unclear whether differences in above- and belowground species composition (β-diversity) are associated with differences in multiple ecosystem functions (e.g., spatial turnover in ecosystem function). Here, we partitioned the contributions of above- and belowground β-diversity and abiotic factors (geographic distance, differences in environments) on the spatial turnover of multiple grassland ecosystem functions. We compiled a dataset of plant and soil microbial communities and six indicators of grassland ecosystem functions (i.e., plant aboveground live biomass, plant nitrogen [N], plant phosphorus [P], root biomass, soil total N, and soil extractable P) from 18 grassland sites on four continents contributing to the Nutrient Network experiment. We used Mantel tests and structural equation models to disentangle the relationship between above- and belowground β-diversity and spatial turnover in grassland ecosystem functions. We found that the effects of abiotic factors on the spatial turnover of ecosystem functions were largely indirect through their influences on above- and belowground β-diversity, and that spatial turnover of ecosystem function was more strongly associated with plant β-diversity than with soil microbial β-diversity. These results indicate that changes in above- and belowground species composition are one mechanism that interacts with environmental change to determine variability in multiple ecosystem functions across spatial scales. As grasslands face global threats from shrub encroachment, conversion to agriculture, or are lost to development, the functions and services they provide will more strongly converge with increased aboveground community homogenization than with soil microbial community homogenization.
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- 2021
184. Benchmarking plant diversity of Palaearctic grasslands and other open habitats
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Biurrun, Idoia, Biurrun, Idoia, Pielech, Remigiusz, Dembicz, Iwona, Gillet, François, Kozub, Lukasz, Marcenò, Corrado, Reitalu, Triin, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Guarino, Riccardo, Chytrý, Milan, Pakeman, Robin J., Preislerová, Zdenka, Axmanová, Irena, Burrascano, Sabina, Bartha, Sándor, Boch, Steffen, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Conradi, Timo, De Frenne, Pieter, Essl, Franz, Filibeck, Goffredo, Hájek, Michal, Jiménez- Alfaro, Borja, Kuzemko, Anna, Molnár, Zsolt, Pärtel, Meelis, Pätsch, Ricarda, Prentice, Honor C., Roleček, Jan, Sutcliffe, Laura M. E., Terzi, Massimo, Winkler, Manuela, Wu, Jianshuang, Aćić, Svetlana, Acosta, Alicia T. R., Afif, Elias, Akasaka, Munemitsu, Alatalo, Juha M., Aleffi, Michele, Aleksanyan, Alla, Ali, Arshad, Apostolova, Iva, Ashouri, Parvaneh, Bátori, Zoltán, Baumann, Esther, Becker, Thomas, Belonovskaya, Elena, Benito Alonso, José Luis, Berastegi, Asun, Bergamini, Ariel, Prasad Bhatta, Kuber, Bonini, Ilaria, Büchler, Marc-Olivier, Budzhak, Vasyl, Bueno, Álvaro, Buldrini, Fabrizio, Campos, Juan Antonio, Cancellieri, Laura, Carboni, Marta, Ceulemans, Tobias, Chiarucci, Alessandro, Chocarro, Cristina, Conti, Luisa, Csergo, Anna Maria, Cykowska-Marzencka, Beata, Czarniecka-Wiera, Marta, Czarnocka-Cieciura, Marta, Czortek, Patryk, Danihelka, Jiri, de Bello, Francesco, Deák, Balázs, Demeter, László, Deng, Lei, Diekmann, Martin, Dolezal, Jiri, Dolnik, Christian, Drevojan, Pavel, Dupré, Cecilia, Ecker, Klaus, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Etayo, Javier, Etzold, Jonathan, Farkas, Tünde, Farzam, Mohammad, Fayvush, George, Fernández Calzado, Maria Rosa, Finckh, Manfred, Fjellstad, Wendy, Fotiadis, Georgios, Garcia-Margo, Daniel, Garcia-Mijangos, Itziar, Gavilán, Rosario G., Germany, Markus, Ghafari, Sahar, Giusso del Galdo, Gian Pietro, Grytnes, John- Arvid, Güler, Behlül, Gutiérrez- Girón, Alba, Helm, Aveliina, Herrera, Mercedes, Hüllbusch, Elisabeth M., Ingerpuu, Nele, Jagerbrand, Annika K., Jandt, Ute, Janišová, Monika, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jeltsch, Florian, Jensen, Kai, Jentsch, Anke, Kacki, Zygmunt, Kakinuma, Kaoru, Kapfer, Jutta, Kargar, Mansoureh, Kelemen, Andras, Kiehl, Kathrin, Kirschner, Philipp, Koyama, Asuka, Langer, Nancy, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, Lepš, Jan, Li, Ching- Feng, Li, Frank Yonghong, Liendo, Diego, Lindborg, Regina, Löbel, Swantje, Lomba, Angela, Lososova, Zdenka, Lustyk, Pavel, Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L., Ma, Wenhong, Maccherini, Simona, Magnes, Martin, Malicki, Marek, Manthey, Michael, Mardari, Constantin, May, Felix, Mayrhofer, Helmut, Seraina Meier, Eliane, Memariani, Farshid, Merunkova, Kristina, Michelsen, Ottar, Molero Mesa, Joaquin, Moradi, Halime, Moysiyenko, Ivan, Mugnai, Michele, Naqinezhad, Alireza, Natcheva, Rayna, Ninot, Josep M., Nobis, Marcin, Noroozi, Jalil, Nowak, Arkadiusz, Onipchenko, Vladimir, Palpurina, Salza, Pauli, Harald, Pedashenko, Hristo, Pedersen, Christian, Peet, Robert K., Pérez- Haase, Aaron, Peters, Jan, Pipenbaher, Nataša, Pirini, Chrisoula, Pladevall- Izard, Eulàlia, Plesková, Zuzana, Potenza, Giovanna, Rahmanian, Soroor, Rodriguez-Rojo, Maria-Pilar, Ronkin, Vladimir, Rosati, Leonardo, Ruprecht, Eszter, Rusina, Solvita, Sabovljević, Marko, Sanaei, Anvar, Sánchez, Ana M., Santi, Francesco, Savchenko, Galina, Sebastià, Maria Teresa, Shyriaieva, Dariia, Silva, Vasco, Škornik, Sonja, Šmerdová, Eva, Sonkoly, Judit, Sperandii, Marta Gaia, Staniaszek-Kik, Monika, Stevens, Carly, Stifter, Simon, Suchrow, Sigrid, Swacha, Grzegorz, Swierszcz, Sebastian, Talebi, Amir, Teleki, Balázs, Tichy, Lubomir, Tölgyesi, Csaba, Torca, Marta, Török, Péter, Tsarevskaya, Nadezda, Tsiripidis, Ioannis, Turisová, Ingrid, Ushimaru, Atushi, Valkó, Orsolya, Van Mechelen, Carmen, Vanneste, Thomas, Vasheniak, Iuliia, Vassilev, Kiril, Viciani, Daniele, Villar, Luis, Virtanen, Risto, Vitasović-Kosić, Ivana, Vojtkó, András, Vynokurov, Denys, Waldén, Emelie, Wang, Yun, Weiser, Frank, Wen, Lu, Wesche, Karsten, White, Hannah, Widmer, Stefan, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Wróbel, Anna, Yuan, Zuoqiang, Zelený, David, Zhao, Liqing, Dengler, Jürgen, Biurrun, Idoia, Biurrun, Idoia, Pielech, Remigiusz, Dembicz, Iwona, Gillet, François, Kozub, Lukasz, Marcenò, Corrado, Reitalu, Triin, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Guarino, Riccardo, Chytrý, Milan, Pakeman, Robin J., Preislerová, Zdenka, Axmanová, Irena, Burrascano, Sabina, Bartha, Sándor, Boch, Steffen, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Conradi, Timo, De Frenne, Pieter, Essl, Franz, Filibeck, Goffredo, Hájek, Michal, Jiménez- Alfaro, Borja, Kuzemko, Anna, Molnár, Zsolt, Pärtel, Meelis, Pätsch, Ricarda, Prentice, Honor C., Roleček, Jan, Sutcliffe, Laura M. E., Terzi, Massimo, Winkler, Manuela, Wu, Jianshuang, Aćić, Svetlana, Acosta, Alicia T. R., Afif, Elias, Akasaka, Munemitsu, Alatalo, Juha M., Aleffi, Michele, Aleksanyan, Alla, Ali, Arshad, Apostolova, Iva, Ashouri, Parvaneh, Bátori, Zoltán, Baumann, Esther, Becker, Thomas, Belonovskaya, Elena, Benito Alonso, José Luis, Berastegi, Asun, Bergamini, Ariel, Prasad Bhatta, Kuber, Bonini, Ilaria, Büchler, Marc-Olivier, Budzhak, Vasyl, Bueno, Álvaro, Buldrini, Fabrizio, Campos, Juan Antonio, Cancellieri, Laura, Carboni, Marta, Ceulemans, Tobias, Chiarucci, Alessandro, Chocarro, Cristina, Conti, Luisa, Csergo, Anna Maria, Cykowska-Marzencka, Beata, Czarniecka-Wiera, Marta, Czarnocka-Cieciura, Marta, Czortek, Patryk, Danihelka, Jiri, de Bello, Francesco, Deák, Balázs, Demeter, László, Deng, Lei, Diekmann, Martin, Dolezal, Jiri, Dolnik, Christian, Drevojan, Pavel, Dupré, Cecilia, Ecker, Klaus, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Etayo, Javier, Etzold, Jonathan, Farkas, Tünde, Farzam, Mohammad, Fayvush, George, Fernández Calzado, Maria Rosa, Finckh, Manfred, Fjellstad, Wendy, Fotiadis, Georgios, Garcia-Margo, Daniel, Garcia-Mijangos, Itziar, Gavilán, Rosario G., Germany, Markus, Ghafari, Sahar, Giusso del Galdo, Gian Pietro, Grytnes, John- Arvid, Güler, Behlül, Gutiérrez- Girón, Alba, Helm, Aveliina, Herrera, Mercedes, Hüllbusch, Elisabeth M., Ingerpuu, Nele, Jagerbrand, Annika K., Jandt, Ute, Janišová, Monika, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jeltsch, Florian, Jensen, Kai, Jentsch, Anke, Kacki, Zygmunt, Kakinuma, Kaoru, Kapfer, Jutta, Kargar, Mansoureh, Kelemen, Andras, Kiehl, Kathrin, Kirschner, Philipp, Koyama, Asuka, Langer, Nancy, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, Lepš, Jan, Li, Ching- Feng, Li, Frank Yonghong, Liendo, Diego, Lindborg, Regina, Löbel, Swantje, Lomba, Angela, Lososova, Zdenka, Lustyk, Pavel, Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L., Ma, Wenhong, Maccherini, Simona, Magnes, Martin, Malicki, Marek, Manthey, Michael, Mardari, Constantin, May, Felix, Mayrhofer, Helmut, Seraina Meier, Eliane, Memariani, Farshid, Merunkova, Kristina, Michelsen, Ottar, Molero Mesa, Joaquin, Moradi, Halime, Moysiyenko, Ivan, Mugnai, Michele, Naqinezhad, Alireza, Natcheva, Rayna, Ninot, Josep M., Nobis, Marcin, Noroozi, Jalil, Nowak, Arkadiusz, Onipchenko, Vladimir, Palpurina, Salza, Pauli, Harald, Pedashenko, Hristo, Pedersen, Christian, Peet, Robert K., Pérez- Haase, Aaron, Peters, Jan, Pipenbaher, Nataša, Pirini, Chrisoula, Pladevall- Izard, Eulàlia, Plesková, Zuzana, Potenza, Giovanna, Rahmanian, Soroor, Rodriguez-Rojo, Maria-Pilar, Ronkin, Vladimir, Rosati, Leonardo, Ruprecht, Eszter, Rusina, Solvita, Sabovljević, Marko, Sanaei, Anvar, Sánchez, Ana M., Santi, Francesco, Savchenko, Galina, Sebastià, Maria Teresa, Shyriaieva, Dariia, Silva, Vasco, Škornik, Sonja, Šmerdová, Eva, Sonkoly, Judit, Sperandii, Marta Gaia, Staniaszek-Kik, Monika, Stevens, Carly, Stifter, Simon, Suchrow, Sigrid, Swacha, Grzegorz, Swierszcz, Sebastian, Talebi, Amir, Teleki, Balázs, Tichy, Lubomir, Tölgyesi, Csaba, Torca, Marta, Török, Péter, Tsarevskaya, Nadezda, Tsiripidis, Ioannis, Turisová, Ingrid, Ushimaru, Atushi, Valkó, Orsolya, Van Mechelen, Carmen, Vanneste, Thomas, Vasheniak, Iuliia, Vassilev, Kiril, Viciani, Daniele, Villar, Luis, Virtanen, Risto, Vitasović-Kosić, Ivana, Vojtkó, András, Vynokurov, Denys, Waldén, Emelie, Wang, Yun, Weiser, Frank, Wen, Lu, Wesche, Karsten, White, Hannah, Widmer, Stefan, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Wróbel, Anna, Yuan, Zuoqiang, Zelený, David, Zhao, Liqing, and Dengler, Jürgen
- Abstract
Understanding fine-grain diversity patterns across large spatial extents is fundamental for macroecological research and biodiversity conservation. Using the GrassPlot database, we provide benchmarks of fine-grain richness values of Palaearctic open habitats for vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens and complete vegetation (i.e., the sum of the former three groups). Location: Palaearctic biogeographic realm. Methods: We used 126,524 plots of eight standard grain sizes from the GrassPlot database: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 m2 and calculated the mean richness and standard deviations, as well as maximum, minimum, median, and first and third quartiles for each combination of grain size, taxonomic group, biome, region, vegetation type and phytosociological class. Results: Patterns of plant diversity in vegetation types and biomes differ across grain sizes and taxonomic groups. Overall, secondary (mostly semi-natural) grasslands and natural grasslands are the richest vegetation type. The open-access file ”GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks” and the web tool “GrassPlot Diversity Explorer” are now available online (https://edgg.org/databases/GrasslandDiversityExplorer) and provide more insights into species richness patterns in the Palaearctic open habitats. Conclusions: The GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks provide high-quality data on species richness in open habitat types across the Palaearctic. These benchmark data can be used in vegetation ecology, macroecology, biodiversity conservation and data quality checking. While the amount of data in the underlying GrassPlot database and their spatial coverage are smaller than in other extensive vegetation-plot databases, species recordings in GrassPlot are on average more complete, making it a valuable complementary data source in macroecology.
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- 2021
185. Negative effects of nitrogen override positive effects of phosphorus on grassland legumes worldwide
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Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Tognetti, Pedro M., Prober, Suzanne M., Báez, Selene, Chaneton, Enrique J., Firn, Jennifer, Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna K., Yahdjian, Laura, Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D., Brown, Cynthia S., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria C., Daleo, Pedro, Dwyer, John M., Fay, Philip A., Gherardi, Laureano A., Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Komatsu, Kimberly J., McCulley, Rebecca L., Price, Jodi N., Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly J., Wragg, Peter D., Sankaran, Mahesh, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Tognetti, Pedro M., Prober, Suzanne M., Báez, Selene, Chaneton, Enrique J., Firn, Jennifer, Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna K., Yahdjian, Laura, Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D., Brown, Cynthia S., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria C., Daleo, Pedro, Dwyer, John M., Fay, Philip A., Gherardi, Laureano A., Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Komatsu, Kimberly J., McCulley, Rebecca L., Price, Jodi N., Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly J., Wragg, Peter D., and Sankaran, Mahesh
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- 2021
186. Author Correction: General destabilizing effects of eutrophication on grassland productivity at multiple spatial scales (Nature Communications, (2020), 11, 1, (5375), 10.1038/s41467-020-19252-4)
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Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Hautier, Yann, Zhang, Pengfei, Loreau, Michel, Wilcox, Kevin R., Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Byrnes, Jarrett E.K., Koerner, Sally E., Komatsu, Kimberly J., Lefcheck, Jonathan S., Hector, Andy, Adler, Peter B., Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos A., Bakker, Jonathan D., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc, Caldeira, Maria C., Carroll, Oliver, Crawley, Mick, Collins, Scott L., Daleo, Pedro, Dee, Laura E., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Fay, Philip A., Gilbert, Benjamin, Hansar, Amandine, Isbell, Forest, Knops, Johannes M.H., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Mori, Akira S., Peri, Pablo L., Pos, Edwin T., Power, Sally A., Price, Jodi N., Reich, Peter B., Risch, Anita C., Roscher, Christiane, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schütz, Martin, Smith, Melinda, Stevens, Carly, Tognetti, Pedro M., Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Wilfahrt, Peter A., Wang, Shaopeng, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Hautier, Yann, Zhang, Pengfei, Loreau, Michel, Wilcox, Kevin R., Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Byrnes, Jarrett E.K., Koerner, Sally E., Komatsu, Kimberly J., Lefcheck, Jonathan S., Hector, Andy, Adler, Peter B., Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos A., Bakker, Jonathan D., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc, Caldeira, Maria C., Carroll, Oliver, Crawley, Mick, Collins, Scott L., Daleo, Pedro, Dee, Laura E., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Fay, Philip A., Gilbert, Benjamin, Hansar, Amandine, Isbell, Forest, Knops, Johannes M.H., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Mori, Akira S., Peri, Pablo L., Pos, Edwin T., Power, Sally A., Price, Jodi N., Reich, Peter B., Risch, Anita C., Roscher, Christiane, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schütz, Martin, Smith, Melinda, Stevens, Carly, Tognetti, Pedro M., Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Wilfahrt, Peter A., and Wang, Shaopeng
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- 2021
187. Increasing effects of chronic nutrient enrichment on plant diversity loss and ecosystem productivity over time
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Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Seabloom, Eric W, Adler, Peter B, Alberti, Juan, Biederman, Lori, Buckley, Yvonne M, Cadotte, Marc W, Collins, Scott L, Dee, Laura, Fay, Philip A, Firn, Jennifer, Hagenah, Nicole, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andy, Hobbie, Sarah E, Isbell, Forest, Knops, Johannes M H, Komatsu, Kimberly J, Laungani, Ramesh, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Ohlert, Timothy, Prober, Suzanne M, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J, Borer, Elizabeth T, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Seabloom, Eric W, Adler, Peter B, Alberti, Juan, Biederman, Lori, Buckley, Yvonne M, Cadotte, Marc W, Collins, Scott L, Dee, Laura, Fay, Philip A, Firn, Jennifer, Hagenah, Nicole, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andy, Hobbie, Sarah E, Isbell, Forest, Knops, Johannes M H, Komatsu, Kimberly J, Laungani, Ramesh, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Ohlert, Timothy, Prober, Suzanne M, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J, and Borer, Elizabeth T
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- 2021
188. Temporal rarity is a better predictor of local extinction risk than spatial rarity
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Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Wilfahrt, Peter A, Asmus, Ashley L, Seabloom, Eric W, Henning, Jeremiah A, Adler, Peter, Arnillas, Carlos A, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Brudvig, Lars A, Cadotte, Marc, Daleo, Pedro, Eskelinen, Anu, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Kirkman, Kevin P, Komatsu, Kimberly J, Laungani, Ramesh, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Mortensen, Brent, Ochoa Hueso, Raul, Ohlert, Timothy, Power, Sally A, Price, Jodi, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Shoemaker, Lauren, Stevens, Carly, Strauss, Alexander T, Tognetti, Pedro Maximiliano, Virtanen, Risto, Borer, Elizabeth T, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Wilfahrt, Peter A, Asmus, Ashley L, Seabloom, Eric W, Henning, Jeremiah A, Adler, Peter, Arnillas, Carlos A, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Brudvig, Lars A, Cadotte, Marc, Daleo, Pedro, Eskelinen, Anu, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Kirkman, Kevin P, Komatsu, Kimberly J, Laungani, Ramesh, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Mortensen, Brent, Ochoa Hueso, Raul, Ohlert, Timothy, Power, Sally A, Price, Jodi, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Shoemaker, Lauren, Stevens, Carly, Strauss, Alexander T, Tognetti, Pedro Maximiliano, Virtanen, Risto, and Borer, Elizabeth T
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- 2021
189. Temporal rarity is a better predictor of local extinction risk than spatial rarity
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Wilfahrt, Peter A., Asmus, Ashley L., Seabloom, Eric W., Henning, Jeremiah A., Adler, Peter, Arnillas, Carlos A., Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori, Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Daleo, Pedro, Eskelinen, Anu, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Kirkman, Kevin P., Komatsu, Kimberly J., Laungani, Ramesh, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Mortensen, Brent, Ochoa Hueso, Raul, Ohlert, Timothy, Power, Sally A., Price, Jodi, Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Shoemaker, Lauren, Stevens, Carly, Strauss, Alexander T., Tognetti, Pedro M., Virtanen, Risto, Borer, Elizabeth T., Wilfahrt, Peter A., Asmus, Ashley L., Seabloom, Eric W., Henning, Jeremiah A., Adler, Peter, Arnillas, Carlos A., Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori, Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Daleo, Pedro, Eskelinen, Anu, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Kirkman, Kevin P., Komatsu, Kimberly J., Laungani, Ramesh, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Mortensen, Brent, Ochoa Hueso, Raul, Ohlert, Timothy, Power, Sally A., Price, Jodi, Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Shoemaker, Lauren, Stevens, Carly, Strauss, Alexander T., Tognetti, Pedro M., Virtanen, Risto, and Borer, Elizabeth T.
- Abstract
Spatial rarity is often used to predict extinction risk, but rarity can also occur temporally. Perhaps more relevant in the context of global change is whether a species is core to a community (persistent) or transient (intermittently present), with transient species often susceptible to human activities that reduce niche space. Using 5–12 yr of data on 1,447 plant species from 49 grasslands on five continents, we show that local abundance and species persistence under ambient conditions are both effective predictors of local extinction risk following experimental exclusion of grazers or addition of nutrients; persistence was a more powerful predictor than local abundance. While perturbations increased the risk of exclusion for low persistence and abundance species, transient but abundant species were also highly likely to be excluded from a perturbed plot relative to ambient conditions. Moreover, low persistence and low abundance species that were not excluded from perturbed plots tended to have a modest increase in abundance following perturbance. Last, even core species with high abundances had large decreases in persistence and increased losses in perturbed plots, threatening the long-term stability of these grasslands. Our results demonstrate that expanding the concept of rarity to include temporal dynamics, in addition to local abundance, more effectively predicts extinction risk in response to environmental change than either rarity axis predicts alone.
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- 2021
190. Negative effects of nitrogen override positive effects of phosphorus on grassland legumes worldwide
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Tognetti, Pedro M., Prober, Suzanne M., Báez, Selene, Chaneton, Enrique J., Firn, Jennifer, Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna K., Yahdjian, Laura, Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D., Brown, Cynthia S., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria C., Daleo, Pedro, Dwyer, John M., Fay, Philip A., Gherardi, Laureano A., Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Komatsu, Kimberly J., McCulley, Rebecca L., Price, Jodi N., Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly J., Wragg, Peter D., Sankaran, Mahesh, Tognetti, Pedro M., Prober, Suzanne M., Báez, Selene, Chaneton, Enrique J., Firn, Jennifer, Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna K., Yahdjian, Laura, Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D., Brown, Cynthia S., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria C., Daleo, Pedro, Dwyer, John M., Fay, Philip A., Gherardi, Laureano A., Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Komatsu, Kimberly J., McCulley, Rebecca L., Price, Jodi N., Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly J., Wragg, Peter D., and Sankaran, Mahesh
- Abstract
Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment is driving global biodiversity decline and modifying ecosystem functions. Theory suggests that plant functional types that fix atmospheric nitrogen have a competitive advantage in nitrogen-poor soils, but lose this advantage with increasing nitrogen supply. By contrast, the addition of phosphorus, potassium, and other nutrients may benefit such species in lownutrient environments by enhancing their nitrogen-fixing capacity. We present a global-scale experiment confirming these predictions for nitrogen-fixing legumes (Fabaceae) across 45 grasslands on six continents. Nitrogen addition reduced legume cover, richness, and biomass, particularly in nitrogen-poor soils, while cover of non-nitrogenfixing plants increased. The addition of phosphorous, potassium, and other nutrients enhanced legume abundance, but did not mitigate the negative effects of nitrogen addition. Increasing nitrogen supply thus has the potential to decrease the diversity and abundance of grassland legumes worldwide regardless of the availability of other nutrients, with consequences for biodiversity, food webs, ecosystem resilience, and genetic improvement of protein-rich agricultural plant species.
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- 2021
191. Increasing effects of chronic nutrient enrichment on plant diversity loss and ecosystem productivity over time
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Seabloom, Eric W., Adler, Peter B., Alberti, Juan, Biederman, Lori, Buckley, Yvonne M., Cadotte, Marc W., Collins, Scott L., Dee, Laura, Fay, Philip A., Firn, Jennifer, Hagenah, Nicole, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andy, Hobbie, Sarah E., Isbell, Forest, Knops, Johannes M.H., Komatsu, Kimberly J., Laungani, Ramesh, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Ohlert, Timothy, Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J., Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Adler, Peter B., Alberti, Juan, Biederman, Lori, Buckley, Yvonne M., Cadotte, Marc W., Collins, Scott L., Dee, Laura, Fay, Philip A., Firn, Jennifer, Hagenah, Nicole, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andy, Hobbie, Sarah E., Isbell, Forest, Knops, Johannes M.H., Komatsu, Kimberly J., Laungani, Ramesh, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Ohlert, Timothy, Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J., and Borer, Elizabeth T.
- Abstract
Human activities are enriching many of Earth’s ecosystems with biologically limiting mineral nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). In grasslands, this enrichment generally reduces plant diversity and increases productivity. The widely demonstrated positive effect of diversity on productivity suggests a potential negative feedback, whereby nutrient-induced declines in diversity reduce the initial gains in productivity arising from nutrient enrichment. In addition, plant productivity and diversity can be inhibited by accumulations of dead biomass, which may be altered by nutrient enrichment. Over longer time frames, nutrient addition may increase soil fertility by increasing soil organic matter and nutrient pools. We examined the effects of 5–11 yr of nutrient addition at 47 grasslands in 12 countries. Nutrient enrichment increased aboveground live biomass and reduced plant diversity at nearly all sites, and these effects became stronger over time. We did not find evidence that nutrient-induced losses of diversity reduced the positive effects of nutrients on biomass; however, nutrient effects on live biomass increased more slowly at sites where litter was also increasing, regardless of plant diversity. This work suggests that short-term experiments may underestimate the long-term nutrient enrichment effects on global grassland ecosystems.
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- 2021
192. Comment on Pescott & Jitlal 2020: failure to account for measurement error undermines their conclusion of a weak impact of nitrogen deposition on plant species richness
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Smart, Simon M., Stevens, Carly J., Tomlinson, Sam J., Maskell, Lindsay C., Henrys, Peter A., Smart, Simon M., Stevens, Carly J., Tomlinson, Sam J., Maskell, Lindsay C., and Henrys, Peter A.
- Abstract
Estimation of the impacts of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on ecosystems and biodiversity is a research imperative. Analyses of large-scale spatial gradients, where an observed response is correlated with measured or modelled deposition, have been an important source of evidence. A number of problems beset this approach. For example, if responses are spatially aggregated then treating each location as statistically independent can lead to biased confidence intervals and a greater probably of false positive results. Using methods that account for residual spatial autocorrelation, Pescott & Jitlal (2020) re-analysed two large-scale spatial gradient datasets from Britain where modelled N deposition at 5 × 5 km resolution had been previously correlated with species richness in small quadrats. They found that N deposition effects were weaker than previously demonstrated leading them to conclude that “previous estimates of Ndep impacts on richness from space-for-time substitution studies are likely to have been over-estimated”. We use a simulation study to show that their conclusion is unreliable despite them recognising that an influential fraction of the residual spatially structured variation could itself be attributable to N deposition. This arises because the covariate used was modelled N deposition at 5 × 5 km resolution leaving open the possibility that measured or modelled N deposition at finer resolutions could explain more variance in the response. Explicitly treating this as spatially auto-correlated error ignores this possibility and leads directly to their unreliable conclusion. We further demonstrate the plausibility of this scenario by showing that significant variation in N deposition at the 1 km square resolution is indeed averaged at 5 × 5 km resolution. Further analyses are required to explore whether estimation of the size of the N deposition effect on plant species richness and other measures of biodiversity is indeed dependent on the accuracy a
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- 2021
193. Urban soil ecosystem services for sustainable cities:A focus on soil carbon
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O'Riordan, Roisin, Davies, Jessica, Stevens, Carly, Quinton, John, Boyko, Christopher, O'Riordan, Roisin, Davies, Jessica, Stevens, Carly, Quinton, John, and Boyko, Christopher
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- 2021
194. The effects of sealing on urban soil carbon and nutrients
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O'Riordan, Roisin, Davies, Jessica, Stevens, Carly, Quinton, John, O'Riordan, Roisin, Davies, Jessica, Stevens, Carly, and Quinton, John
- Abstract
Urban soils are of increasing interest for their potential to provide ecosystem services such as carbon storage and nutrient cycling. Despite this, there is limited knowledge on how soil sealing with impervious surfaces, a common disturbance in urban environments, affects these important ecosystem services. In this paper, we investigate the effect of soil sealing on soil properties, soil carbon and soil nutrient stocks. We undertook a comparative survey of sealed and unsealed green space soils across the UK city of Manchester. Our results reveal that the context of urban soil and the anthropogenic artefacts added to soil have a great influence on soil properties and functions. In general, sealing reduced soil carbon and nutrient stocks compared to green space soil; however, where there were anthropogenic additions of organic and mineral artefacts, this led to increases in soil carbon and nitrate content. Anthropogenic additions led to carbon stocks equivalent to or larger than those in green spaces; this was likely a result of charcoal additions, leading to carbon stores with long residence times. This suggests that in areas with an industrial past, anthropogenic additions can lead to a legacy carbon store in urban soil and make important contributions to urban soil carbon budgets. These findings shed light on the heterogeneity of urban sealed soil and the influence of anthropogenic artefacts on soil functions. Our research highlights the need to gain a further understanding of urban soil processes, in both sealed and unsealed soils, and of the influence and legacy of anthropogenic additions for soil functions and important ecosystem services.
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- 2021
195. The ecosystem services of urban soils:a review
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O'Riordan, Roisin, Davies, Jessica, Stevens, Carly, Quinton, John, Boyko, Christopher, O'Riordan, Roisin, Davies, Jessica, Stevens, Carly, Quinton, John, and Boyko, Christopher
- Abstract
The expansion of urban areas worldwide is increasing the anthropogenic impact upon soil and highlights the important role of urban areas in supporting a sustainable future. As such, urban soils are becoming more important in the delivery of a broad range of ecosystem services (ESs), including carbon storage and climate regulation, biomass provision for food and water flow regulation, and recreational benefits. In this review, we aim to support the development of this emerging research area and, subsequently, support the improved treatment and management of urban soil and ES delivery. We present a systematic review of which ESs have been studied and examine trends in research using a co-occurrence analysis of key terms. We then provide a summary review of current knowledge on ESs and identify the gaps in knowledge. Our review highlights that this is a young, but growing, field of research, with a marked increase in publications since 2014. We found that supporting processes and regulating services were most commonly studied, with 88% and 71% of the papers relating to quantitative studies addressing these, respectively. Cultural, provisioning and water-related ESs were relatively understudied, suggesting key gaps for future research. However, this may be attributable to a disconnection between academic communities rather than a lack of knowledge. Fewer than 20% of quantitative studies addressed more than two ESs simultaneously, leading us to suggest that urban soil multifunctionality is a key area for future research, and highlighting the need to integrate understanding of urban soil ESs across disciplines and professions. In addition to this overarching suggestion, we propose six research gaps and opportunities: further research into biomass provision for food, water-related ESs and cultural ESs; greater geographical representation; further interconnection between research and practitioner communities; and a focus on the future drivers of soil change in urban environ
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- 2021
196. Comment on Pescott & Jitlal 2020:Failure to account for measurement error undermines their conclusion of a weak impact of nitrogen deposition on plant species richness
- Author
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Smart, Simon, Stevens, Carly, Tomlinson, Sam, Maskell, L.C., Henrys, P.A, Smart, Simon, Stevens, Carly, Tomlinson, Sam, Maskell, L.C., and Henrys, P.A
- Abstract
Estimation of the impacts of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on ecosystems and biodiversity is a research imperative. Analyses of large-scale spatial gradients, where an observed response is correlated with measured or modelled deposition, have been an important source of evidence. A number of problems beset this approach. For example, if responses are spatially aggregated then treating each location as statistically independent can lead to biased confidence intervals and a greater probably of false positive results. Using methods that account for residual spatial autocorrelation, Pescott & Jitlal (2020) re-analysed two large-scale spatial gradient datasets from Britain where modelled N deposition at 5 × 5 km resolution had been previously correlated with species richness in small quadrats. They found that N deposition effects were weaker than previously demonstrated leading them to conclude that “previous estimates of Ndep impacts on richness from space-for-time substitution studies are likely to have been over-estimated”. We use a simulation study to show that their conclusion is unreliable despite them recognising that an influential fraction of the residual spatially structured variation could itself be attributable to N deposition. This arises because the covariate used was modelled N deposition at 5 × 5 km resolution leaving open the possibility that measured or modelled N deposition at finer resolutions could explain more variance in the response. Explicitly treating this as spatially auto-correlated error ignores this possibility and leads directly to their unreliable conclusion. We further demonstrate the plausibility of this scenario by showing that significant variation in N deposition at the 1 km square resolution is indeed averaged at 5 × 5 km resolution. Further analyses are required to explore whether estimation of the size of the N deposition effect on plant species richness and other measures of biodiversity is indeed dependent on the accuracy a
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- 2021
197. Urban soil microbial community and microbial-related carbon storage are severely limited by sealing
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Correa Pereira, Marlon, O'Riordan, Roisin, Stevens, Carly, Correa Pereira, Marlon, O'Riordan, Roisin, and Stevens, Carly
- Abstract
Purpose Urbanisation causes changes in land use, from natural or rural to urban, leading to the sealing of soil and the replacement of vegetation by buildings, roads and pavements. The sealing process impacts soil properties and services and can lead to negative consequences for microbial attributes and processes in soil. At present, information about the microbial community following soil sealing is limited. As such, we investigated how changes in soil physical and chemical properties caused by sealing affect the soil microbial community and soil ecosystem services. Material and methods Soils were sampled beneath impervious pavements (sealed) and from adjacent pervious greenspace areas (unsealed). Soil properties (total C, total N, C:N ratio and water content) and microbial attributes (microbial biomass C, N-mineralisation and phospholipid fatty acids—PLFA) were measured and correlated. Results and discussion A reduction of total C, total N, and water content were observed in sealed soil, whilst the C:N ratio increased. Sealed soil also presented a reduction in microbial attributes, with low N-mineralisation revealing suppressed microbial activity. PLFA data presented positive correlations with total C, total N and water content, suggesting that the microbial community may be reduced in sealed soil as a response to soil properties. Furthermore, fungal:bacterial and gram-positive:gram-negative bacterial ratios were lower in sealed soil indicating degradation in C sequestration and a consequential effect on C storage. Conclusions Sealing causes notable changes in soil properties leading to subsequent impacts upon the microbial community and the reduction of microbial activity and soil C storage potential.
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- 2021
198. Using a plant functional trait approach to increase buffer zone efficiency and reduce diffuse agricultural pollution
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Brett, Aimee, Quinton, John, Stevens, Carly, Brett, Aimee, Quinton, John, and Stevens, Carly
- Abstract
Buffer zones are vegetated strips made up of predominantly herbaceous species often containing a hedgerow or other woody layer. They are used as a barrier between agricultural fields and watercourses. Buffer zones are an important part of diffuse pollution prevention systems in agricultural environments. However, during extreme weather events, buffer zones can fail and pollution from sediment, phosphorus and nitrogen still occurs. A conceptual model was employed to identify plant functional traits that could be used to enhance the resistance and resilience of buffer zones to overland flow and sediment transfer. Five grassland plants species were phenotyped and then subjected to flume experiments, soil strength and hydrological measurements at two different growth stages. We then used a mixture of species and functional groups in a field plot experiment under simulated overland flow with sediment addition to assess the processes in the field. Finally, we examined the soil physical and hydrological processes in three different established buffer types. Significant relationships between root, leaf and morphological traits and saturated hydraulic conductivity, sediment capture, soil aggregate stability and overland flow resistance in the mesocosm experiment were found. However, these differences were not evident in the field plot experiment due to the heterogeneity of the landscape and environmental conditions. In addition, there were significant differences between the soil physical and hydrological properties between the established buffers and the crop area and between the different buffer types. This work demonstrates that functional traits can be used to influence surface runoff and soil physical and hydrological processes in a lab-based setting, however this may not necessarily translate to a field setting, especially over short growing periods. This work does show that broad-leaved trees can affect both the physics and hydrology of the soil even when they are rel
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- 2021
199. Uncovering Environmental Change in the English Lake District : Using Computational Techniques to Trace Shifting Practice in the Historical Documentation of Flora
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Smail, Robert, Donaldson, Christopher, Stevens, Carly, Rayson, Paul, Govaerts, Rafaël, Smail, Robert, Donaldson, Christopher, Stevens, Carly, Rayson, Paul, and Govaerts, Rafaël
- Abstract
There is a lack of concrete knowledge about floristic change in Britain before the mid-twentieth century. Relevant evidence is available, but it is principally contained in disparate historical sources, and this is a major impediment to further research. In this article we demonstrate how these sources can be efficiently collated and analysed through the implementation of state-of-the-art computational-linguistic and historical-GIS techniques. We do so through a case study which focuses on the floristic history of the English Lake District. This region has been selected because of its outstanding cultural and environmental value and because it has been extensively and continuously documented since the late seventeenth century. We outline how Natural language processing (NLP) techniques can be integrated with Kew’s Plants of the World Online (POWO) database to enable temporal shifts in plant-naming conventions to be more accurately traced across a heterogeneous corpus of texts published between 1682 and 1904. Through collocate analysis and automated geoparsing techniques, the geographies associated with these plant names is then identified and extracted. Finally, we use geographic information systems (GIS) to demonstrate the potential of this dataset for geo-temporal analysis and for revealing the historical distribution of Lake District flora. In outlining our methodology, this article indicates how the spatial and digital humanities can benefit research both in environmental history and in the environmental sciences more widely.
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- 2021
200. Benchmarking plant diversity of Palaearctic grasslands and other open habitats
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Bavarian Research Foundation, International Association for Vegetation Science, Eusko Jaurlaritza, Czech Science Foundation, Estonian Research Council, Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Science and Technology Center in Ukraine, Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning, Swedish Institute, Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Hebei Province, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Tyrolean Science Fund, Austrian Academy of Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Comunidad de Madrid, National Geographic Society, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), National Science Centre (Poland), Russian Science Foundation, University of Latvia Foundation, Slovenian Research Agency, Biurrun, Idoia, Pielech, Remigiusz, Dembicz, Iwona, Gillet, François, Kozub, Łukasz, Marcenò, Corrado, Reitalu, Triin, Meerbeek, Koenraad Van, Guarino, Riccardo, Chytrý, Milan, Pakeman, Robin J., Kargar, Mansoureh, Kelemen, András, Kiehl, Kathrin, Kirschner, Philipp, Koyama, Asuka, Swacha, Grzegorz, Langer, Nancy, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, Lepš, J., Pauli, Harald, Molnár, Zsolt, Axmanová, Irena, Li, Ching-Feng, Yonghong Li, Frank, Liendo, Diego, Löbel, Swantje, Lomba, Angela, Lososová, Zdeňka, Świerszcz, Sebastian, Lustyk, Pavel, Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L., Pärtel, Meelis, Tichý, Lubomír, Ma, Wenhong, Maccherini, Simona, Burrascano, Sabina, Magnes, Martin, Malicki, Marek, Manthey, Michael, Mardari, Constantin, May, Felix, Talebi, Amir, Pätsch, Ricarda, Mayrhofer, Helmut, Chiarucci, A., Seraina Meier, Eliane, Memariani, Farshid, Merunková, Kristina, Michelsen, Ottar, Bartha, Sándor, Molero Mesa, Joaquín, Moradi, Halime, Moysiyenko, Ivan, Prentice, Honor C., Mugnai, Michele, Teleki, Balázs, Pedashenko, Hristo, Naqinezhad, Alireza, Pedersen, Christian, Peet, Robert K., Pérez-Haase, A., Peters, Jan, Pipenbaher, Nataša, Pirini, Chrisoula, Roleček, Jan, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Pladevall-Izard, Eulàlia, Plesková, Zuzana, Chocarro, Cristina, Essl, Franz, Potenza, Giovanna, Rahmanian, Soroor, Rodríguez-Rojo, María Pilar, Ronkin, Vladimir, Rosati, Leonardo, Janišová, Monika, Ruprecht, Eszter, Rusina, Solvita, Sabovljevic, Marko, Conradi, Timo, Conti, Luisa, Sanaei, Anvar, Hüllbusch, Elisabeth M., Sánchez, Ana M., Santi, Francesco, Savchenko, Galina, Sutcliffe, Laura M. E., Sebastià, María Teresa, Shyriaieva, Dariia, Silva, Vasco, Škornik, Sonja, Šmerdová, Eva, Csergő, Anna Mária, Sonkoly, Judit, De Frenne, Pieter, Tölgyesi, Csaba, Gaia Sperandii, Marta, Terzi, Massimo, Torca, Marta, Török, Péter, Tsarevskaya, Nadezda, Tsiripidis, Ioannis, Turisová, Ingrid, Ushimaru, Atushi, Cykowska-Marzencka, Beata, Valkó, Orsolya, Van Mechelen, Carmen, Vanneste, Thomas, Winkler, Manuela, Ingerpuu, Nele, Filibeck, Goffredo, Vasheniak, Iuliia, Vassilev, Kiril, Viciani, Daniele, Villar Pérez, Luis, Virtanen, Risto, Czarniecka-Wiera, Marta, Vitasović-Kosić, Ivana, Vojtkó, András, de Bello, Francesco, Vynokurov, Denys, Waldén, Emelie, Jägerbrand, Annika K., Wang, Yun, Hájek, Michal, Weiser, Frank, Wen, Lu, Wesche, Karsten, Czortek, Patryk, White, Hannah, Natcheva, Rayna, Widmer, Stefan, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Wróbel, Anna, Yuan, Zuoqiang, Jand, Ute, Zelený, David, Zhao, Liqing, Jiménez Alfaro, Borja, Dengler, Jürgen, Danihelka, Jiří, Wu, Jianshuang, Kuzemko, Anna, Aćić, Svetlana, Acosta, Rosario, Afif, Elias, Akasaka, Munemitsu, Alatalo, Juha M., Aleffi, Michele, Jeanneret, Philippe, Aleksanyan, Alla, Ali, Arshad, Ninot, Josep M., Jentsch, Anke, Apostolova, Iva, Ashouri, Parvaneh, Bátori, Zoltán, Baumann, Esther, Becker, Thomas, Belonovskaya, Elena, Benito Alonso, José Luis, Berastegi, Asun, Jeltsch, Florian, Nobis, Marcin, Bergamini, Ariel, Staniaszek-Kik, Monika, Prasad, Kuber, Bonini, Ilaria, Büchler, Marc-Olivier, Budzhak, Vasyl, Bueno, Álvaro, Buldrini, Fabrizio, Campos, Juan Antonio, Cancellieri, Laura, Noroozi, Jalil, Carboni, Marta, Jensen, Kai, Deák. Balázs, Ceulemans, Tobías, Demeter, László, Deng, Lei, Diekmann, Martin, Doležal, Jiří, Dolnik, Christian, Dřevojan, Pavel, Nowak, Arkadiusz, Dupré, Cecilia, Ecker, Klaus, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Stevens, Carly, Kącki, Zygmunt, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Etayo, Javier, Etzold, Jonathan, Farkas, Tünde, Farzam, Mohammad, Boch, Steffen, Fayvush, George, Fernández Calzado, María Rosa, Finckh, Manfred, Fjellstad, Wendy, Stifter, Simon, Fotiadis, Georgios, Preislerová, Zdenka, García-Magro, Daniel, García-Mijangos, Itziar, Gavilán, Rosario G., Onipchenko, Vladimir G., Germany, Markus, Ghafari, Sahar, Giusso del Galdo, Gian Pietro, Grytnes, John-Arvid, Güler, Behlül, Suchrow, Sigrid, Gutiérrez-Girón, Alba, Helm, Aveliina, Kakinuma, Kaoru, Herrera, Mercedes, Palpurina, Salza, Kapfer, Jutta, Bavarian Research Foundation, International Association for Vegetation Science, Eusko Jaurlaritza, Czech Science Foundation, Estonian Research Council, Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Science and Technology Center in Ukraine, Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning, Swedish Institute, Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Hebei Province, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Tyrolean Science Fund, Austrian Academy of Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Comunidad de Madrid, National Geographic Society, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), National Science Centre (Poland), Russian Science Foundation, University of Latvia Foundation, Slovenian Research Agency, Biurrun, Idoia, Pielech, Remigiusz, Dembicz, Iwona, Gillet, François, Kozub, Łukasz, Marcenò, Corrado, Reitalu, Triin, Meerbeek, Koenraad Van, Guarino, Riccardo, Chytrý, Milan, Pakeman, Robin J., Kargar, Mansoureh, Kelemen, András, Kiehl, Kathrin, Kirschner, Philipp, Koyama, Asuka, Swacha, Grzegorz, Langer, Nancy, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, Lepš, J., Pauli, Harald, Molnár, Zsolt, Axmanová, Irena, Li, Ching-Feng, Yonghong Li, Frank, Liendo, Diego, Löbel, Swantje, Lomba, Angela, Lososová, Zdeňka, Świerszcz, Sebastian, Lustyk, Pavel, Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L., Pärtel, Meelis, Tichý, Lubomír, Ma, Wenhong, Maccherini, Simona, Burrascano, Sabina, Magnes, Martin, Malicki, Marek, Manthey, Michael, Mardari, Constantin, May, Felix, Talebi, Amir, Pätsch, Ricarda, Mayrhofer, Helmut, Chiarucci, A., Seraina Meier, Eliane, Memariani, Farshid, Merunková, Kristina, Michelsen, Ottar, Bartha, Sándor, Molero Mesa, Joaquín, Moradi, Halime, Moysiyenko, Ivan, Prentice, Honor C., Mugnai, Michele, Teleki, Balázs, Pedashenko, Hristo, Naqinezhad, Alireza, Pedersen, Christian, Peet, Robert K., Pérez-Haase, A., Peters, Jan, Pipenbaher, Nataša, Pirini, Chrisoula, Roleček, Jan, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Pladevall-Izard, Eulàlia, Plesková, Zuzana, Chocarro, Cristina, Essl, Franz, Potenza, Giovanna, Rahmanian, Soroor, Rodríguez-Rojo, María Pilar, Ronkin, Vladimir, Rosati, Leonardo, Janišová, Monika, Ruprecht, Eszter, Rusina, Solvita, Sabovljevic, Marko, Conradi, Timo, Conti, Luisa, Sanaei, Anvar, Hüllbusch, Elisabeth M., Sánchez, Ana M., Santi, Francesco, Savchenko, Galina, Sutcliffe, Laura M. E., Sebastià, María Teresa, Shyriaieva, Dariia, Silva, Vasco, Škornik, Sonja, Šmerdová, Eva, Csergő, Anna Mária, Sonkoly, Judit, De Frenne, Pieter, Tölgyesi, Csaba, Gaia Sperandii, Marta, Terzi, Massimo, Torca, Marta, Török, Péter, Tsarevskaya, Nadezda, Tsiripidis, Ioannis, Turisová, Ingrid, Ushimaru, Atushi, Cykowska-Marzencka, Beata, Valkó, Orsolya, Van Mechelen, Carmen, Vanneste, Thomas, Winkler, Manuela, Ingerpuu, Nele, Filibeck, Goffredo, Vasheniak, Iuliia, Vassilev, Kiril, Viciani, Daniele, Villar Pérez, Luis, Virtanen, Risto, Czarniecka-Wiera, Marta, Vitasović-Kosić, Ivana, Vojtkó, András, de Bello, Francesco, Vynokurov, Denys, Waldén, Emelie, Jägerbrand, Annika K., Wang, Yun, Hájek, Michal, Weiser, Frank, Wen, Lu, Wesche, Karsten, Czortek, Patryk, White, Hannah, Natcheva, Rayna, Widmer, Stefan, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Wróbel, Anna, Yuan, Zuoqiang, Jand, Ute, Zelený, David, Zhao, Liqing, Jiménez Alfaro, Borja, Dengler, Jürgen, Danihelka, Jiří, Wu, Jianshuang, Kuzemko, Anna, Aćić, Svetlana, Acosta, Rosario, Afif, Elias, Akasaka, Munemitsu, Alatalo, Juha M., Aleffi, Michele, Jeanneret, Philippe, Aleksanyan, Alla, Ali, Arshad, Ninot, Josep M., Jentsch, Anke, Apostolova, Iva, Ashouri, Parvaneh, Bátori, Zoltán, Baumann, Esther, Becker, Thomas, Belonovskaya, Elena, Benito Alonso, José Luis, Berastegi, Asun, Jeltsch, Florian, Nobis, Marcin, Bergamini, Ariel, Staniaszek-Kik, Monika, Prasad, Kuber, Bonini, Ilaria, Büchler, Marc-Olivier, Budzhak, Vasyl, Bueno, Álvaro, Buldrini, Fabrizio, Campos, Juan Antonio, Cancellieri, Laura, Noroozi, Jalil, Carboni, Marta, Jensen, Kai, Deák. Balázs, Ceulemans, Tobías, Demeter, László, Deng, Lei, Diekmann, Martin, Doležal, Jiří, Dolnik, Christian, Dřevojan, Pavel, Nowak, Arkadiusz, Dupré, Cecilia, Ecker, Klaus, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Stevens, Carly, Kącki, Zygmunt, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Etayo, Javier, Etzold, Jonathan, Farkas, Tünde, Farzam, Mohammad, Boch, Steffen, Fayvush, George, Fernández Calzado, María Rosa, Finckh, Manfred, Fjellstad, Wendy, Stifter, Simon, Fotiadis, Georgios, Preislerová, Zdenka, García-Magro, Daniel, García-Mijangos, Itziar, Gavilán, Rosario G., Onipchenko, Vladimir G., Germany, Markus, Ghafari, Sahar, Giusso del Galdo, Gian Pietro, Grytnes, John-Arvid, Güler, Behlül, Suchrow, Sigrid, Gutiérrez-Girón, Alba, Helm, Aveliina, Kakinuma, Kaoru, Herrera, Mercedes, Palpurina, Salza, and Kapfer, Jutta
- Abstract
Aims: Understanding fine-grain diversity patterns across large spatial extents is fundamental for macroecological research and biodiversity conservation. Using the GrassPlot database, we provide benchmarks of fine-grain richness values of Palaearctic open habitats for vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens and complete vegetation (i.e., the sum of the former three groups). Location: Palaearctic biogeographic realm. Methods: We used 126,524 plots of eight standard grain sizes from the GrassPlot database: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 m and calculated the mean richness and standard deviations, as well as maximum, minimum, median, and first and third quartiles for each combination of grain size, taxonomic group, biome, region, vegetation type and phytosociological class. Results: Patterns of plant diversity in vegetation types and biomes differ across grain sizes and taxonomic groups. Overall, secondary (mostly semi-natural) grasslands and natural grasslands are the richest vegetation type. The open-access file ”GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks” and the web tool “GrassPlot Diversity Explorer” are now available online (https://edgg.org/databases/GrasslandDiversityExplorer) and provide more insights into species richness patterns in the Palaearctic open habitats. Conclusions: The GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks provide high-quality data on species richness in open habitat types across the Palaearctic. These benchmark data can be used in vegetation ecology, macroecology, biodiversity conservation and data quality checking. While the amount of data in the underlying GrassPlot database and their spatial coverage are smaller than in other extensive vegetation-plot databases, species recordings in GrassPlot are on average more complete, making it a valuable complementary data source in macroecology.
- Published
- 2021
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