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The (sub-)millimeter wave spectrum of the non-rigid CH2OH radical is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Ab initio calculations are carried out to quantitatively characterize its potential energy surface as a function of the two large amplitude ∠H1COH and ∠H2COH dihedral angles. It is shown that the radical displays a large amplitude torsional-like motion of its CH2 group with respect to the OH group. The rotation–torsion levels computed with the help of a 4D Hamiltonian accounting for this torsional-like motion and for the overall rotation exhibit a tunneling splitting, in agreement with recent experimental investigations, and a strong rotational dependence of this tunneling splitting on the rotational quantum number Ka due to the rotation–torsion Coriolis coupling. Based on an internal axis method approach, a fitting Hamiltonian accounting for tunneling effects and for the fine and hyperfine structure is built and applied to the fitting of the new (sub)-millimeter wave transitions measured in this work along with previously available high-resolution data. 778 frequencies and wavenumbers are reproduced with a unitless standard deviation of 0.79 using 27 parameters. The N = 0 tunneling splitting, which could not be determined unambiguously in the previous high-resolution investigations, is determined based on its rotational dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel methodology is presented for the construction of ab initio effective rotation–vibration spectroscopic models from potential energy and dipole moment surfaces. Non-empirical effective Hamiltonians are obtained via the block-diagonalization of selected variationally computed eigenvector matrices. For the first time, the derivation of an effective dipole moment is carried out in a systematic way. This general approach can be implemented quite easily in most of the variational computer codes and turns out to be a clear alternative to the rather involved Van Vleck perturbation method. Symmetry is exploited at all stages to translate first-principles calculations into a set of spectroscopic parameters to be further refined on experiment. We demonstrate on H2CO, PH3, CH4, C2H4, and SF6 that the proposed effective model can provide crucial information to spectroscopists within a very short time compared to empirical spectroscopic models. This approach brings a new insight into high-resolution spectrum analysis of polyatomic molecules and will be also of great help in the modeling of hot atmospheres where completeness is important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we consider the initial value problem to the fractional compressible isentropic generalized Navier-Stokes equations for viscous fluids with one Levy diffusion process in which the viscosity term appeared in the fluid equations is described by the nonlocal fractional Laplace operator. We give one detailed spectrum analysis on a linearized operator and the decay law in time of the solution semigroup for the linearized fractional compressible isentropic generalized Navier-Stokes equations around a constant state by the Fourier analysis technique, which is shown that the order of the fractional derivatives plays a key role in the analysis so that the spectrum structure involved here is more complex than that of the classical compressible Navier-Stokes system. Based on this and the elaborate energy method, the global-in-time existence and one optimal decay rate in time of the smooth solution are obtained under the assumption that the initial data are given in a small neighborhood of a constant state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We characterize the energy spectrum in far-from-equilibrium inhomogeneously trapped Bose-Einstein condensate using the power spectrum technique. We demonstrate that pseudo-momentum fluctuations can be used to characterize turbulence and we compare the obtained exponents to one measured by well established techniques such as the momentum distribution in time of flight. The power spectrum of pseudo-momentum fluctuations and the momentum distribution reveals a power-law dependence into the inertial range of momentum for the turbulent out-of-equilibrium system. We analyze the evolution of the power-law exponent for different far-from-equilibrium regimes and both methods show that the power-law exponent reaches the same stationary value when the cloud is in the developed turbulent regime. These results provide a better understanding of out-of-equilibrium states, which is a new frontier in the study of cold trapped atoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discovery of compounds with low thermal conductivity and the understanding of their microscopic mechanisms are of great challenges and scientific significance. Herein, we report a unique ternary sulfide compound, Cu3BiS3, in which all Cu atoms are coordinated within a two‐dimensional [CuS3] triangle plane. This local coordination leads to efficient out‐of‐plane phonon scattering and an ultralow thermal conductivity. Through DFT phonon spectrum calculations and analyses, we reveal that the lowest vibration frequency decreases from 2 THz for high‐dimensional [CuS4] tetrahedral coordinated Cu atoms in CuBiS2 (CN=4, with an average Cu−S bond length of 2.328 Å) to 1.5 THz for low‐dimensional [CuS3] triangular coordinated Cu atoms in Cu3BiS3 (CN=3, with a shorter Cu−S bond length of 2.285 Å). This is due to the out‐of‐plane thermal vibration of the Cu atoms in the latter. Consequently,Cu3BiS3 exhibits one of the lowest values of κlat (0.32 W/m K) among its peer, with a 36 % reduction compared to CuBiS2 (0.50 W/m K). This groundbreaking discovery highlights the significant role of 2D local coordination in reducing thermal conductivity through characteristic out‐of‐plane phonon scattering, while also contributing to a large Grüneisen parameter (2.06) in Cu3BiS3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discovery of compounds with low thermal conductivity and the understanding of their microscopic mechanisms are of great challenges and scientific significance. Herein, we report a unique ternary sulfide compound, Cu3BiS3, in which all Cu atoms are coordinated within a two‐dimensional [CuS3] triangle plane. This local coordination leads to efficient out‐of‐plane phonon scattering and an ultralow thermal conductivity. Through DFT phonon spectrum calculations and analyses, we reveal that the lowest vibration frequency decreases from 2 THz for high‐dimensional [CuS4] tetrahedral coordinated Cu atoms in CuBiS2 (CN=4, with an average Cu−S bond length of 2.328 Å) to 1.5 THz for low‐dimensional [CuS3] triangular coordinated Cu atoms in Cu3BiS3 (CN=3, with a shorter Cu−S bond length of 2.285 Å). This is due to the out‐of‐plane thermal vibration of the Cu atoms in the latter. Consequently,Cu3BiS3 exhibits one of the lowest values of κlat (0.32 W/m K) among its peer, with a 36 % reduction compared to CuBiS2 (0.50 W/m K). This groundbreaking discovery highlights the significant role of 2D local coordination in reducing thermal conductivity through characteristic out‐of‐plane phonon scattering, while also contributing to a large Grüneisen parameter (2.06) in Cu3BiS3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of the Raman spectra of two heterostructures: Si/SiO2/HfO2/Graphene and Si/SiO2/Graphene/HfO2. In the former configuration, the Graphene layer is transferred onto the 5 nm-thick HfO2 layer, while the latter configuration involves the growth of à 5 nm-thick HfO2 layer by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on the Graphene layer. The analysis of the Raman spectra has demonstrated significant differences between the interfaces Graphene/HfO2 and HfO2/Graphene. The distinct Raman signatures observed emphasize the critical role played by the specific order and arrangement of the Graphene and HfO2 layers within the heterostructure, which impacts the charge transfer between these two materials and the presence or absence of strains. The Raman spectra corresponding to different thickness of the HfO2 layer (5, 10, 15, and 20 nm) in Si/SiO2/Graphene/HfO2 heterostructure shows the appearance of a small shoulder on the low-frequency side of the G band around 1523 cm-1. Furthermore, it was observed that the intensity of this shoulder diminishes as the thickness of the HfO2 layer increases. The observed discrepancies between spectra, related to the experimental conditions employed for sample preparation, are attributed to the interplay of two phenomena: the transfer of charges among Graphene, HfO2, and SiO2, as well as the emergence of constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electricity consumption behavior of the inhabitants is a major contributor to the uncertainty of the residential load system. Human-caused uncertainty may have a distributional component, but it is not well understood, which limits further understanding the stochastic component of load forecasting. This study proposes a short-term load-interval forecasting method considering the stochastic features caused by users' electricity consumption behavior. The proposed method is composed of two parts: load-point forecasting using singular spectrum analysis and long short-term memory (SSA-LSTM), and load boundaries forecasting using statistical analysis. Firstly, the load sequence is decomposed and recombined using SSA to obtain regular and stochastic subsequences. Then, the load-point forecasting LSTM network model is trained from the regular subsequence. Subsequently, the load boundaries related to load consumption consistency are forecasted by statistical analysis. Finally, the forecasting results are combined to obtain the load-interval forecasting result. The case study reveals that compared with other common methods, the proposed method can forecast the load interval more accurately and stably based on the load time series. By using the proposed method, the evaluation index coverage rates (CRs) are (17.50%, 1.95%, 1.05%, 0.97%, 7.80%, 4.55%, 9.52%, 1.11%), (17.95%, 3.02%, 1.49%, 5.49%, 5.03%, 1.66%, 1.49%), (19.79%, 2.79%, 1.43%, 1.18%, 3.37%, 1.42%) higher than the compared methods, and the interval average convergences (IACs) are (−18.19%, −8.15%, 3.97%), (36.97%, 21.92%, 22.59%), (12.31%, 21.59%, 7.22%) compared to the existing methods in three different counties, respectively, which shows that the proposed method has better overall performance and applicability through our discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of Bi 2 Sr 2- x Ni x CaCu 2 O 8+ δ (x = 0.00, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30) ceramics samples were synthesized by Pechini sol-gel method. In this work, the microstructure and structure stability of Ni-doped Bi2212 system were investigated particularly by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and high-pressure Raman spectroscopy. It is confirmed that the main phase of all samples is the typical Bi2212 tetragonal phase with space group I 4/ mmm. As Ni-doping amount x ≤ 0.20, the number of Ni atoms entering the Bi2212 lattice increases gradually with increasing x. These Ni atoms preferentially occupy Sr-sites, resulting in a gradual increase in the a and c axis lengths of Bi2212 structure. The formation of containing-Ni Bi2212 lattice is mainly derived from the insertion of sufficient Ni–O two-dimensional (2D) monomers. Contrarily, when x > 0.20, these Ni–O 2D monomers will preferentially form the NiO particle and the chance of Ni atoms entering the Bi2212 lattice is reduced, which leads to a shrinkage of Bi2212 lattice parameters. Besides, under high-pressure (0–20 GPa) condition, Raman spectrum analysis shows that the O Sr peak significantly shifts to the higher wavenumber and Bi2212 phase could still maintain the tetragonal structure, suggesting that it has a relatively high structure stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The histopathological spectrum of oral cavity lesions is a topic of profound clinical significance and scientific exploration. This abstract provides a concise overview of our research, which delves into the histopathological diversity of oral cavity lesions, drawing from the rich experience of a tertiary care institution. We explore the historical evolution of oral pathology as a distinct field, highlighting pivotal moments in its establishment in the late 19th century. We emphasize the contributions of tertiary care institutions in comprehensive data collection and multidisciplinary approaches. Additionally, we discuss the current phase of oral pathology research, including technological advancements and emerging trends. Our research underscores the ongoing commitment to understanding and managing oral lesions, with a focus on improving patient outcomes. This abstract sets the stage for an in-depth analysis of the histopathological spectrum of oral cavity lesions, showcasing the significance of our findings in the broader context of healthcare and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important component of N-linked glycoproteins, the core pentasaccharide is highly crucial to the potential application prospect of glycoprotein. However, the gas phase conformation study is a challenging one due to the size and complexity of the molecule, together with the necessity to rely on quantum chemistry modeling for relevant energetics and structures. In this paper, the structures of the trisaccharides and core pentasaccharides in N-linked glycans in the gas phase were constructed by a three-step tree-based (TSTB) sampling. Since single point energies of all the conformers are calculated at the temperature of zero, it is necessary to evaluate the stability at a high temperature. We calculate the Gibbs free energies using the standard thermochemistry model (T = 298.15 K). For trimannose, the energetic ordering at 298.15 K can be strongly changed compared to 0 K. Moreover, two structures of trimannose with high energies at 0 K are considered to provide a much better match of IR vibration signatures with the low Gibbs free energies. On this basis, the core pentasaccharide was constructed in three ways. The building configurations of core pentasaccharide were optimized to obtain reasonable low-energy stable conformers. Fortunately, the lowest-energy structure of core pentasaccharide is eventually the minimum at 0 K and 298.15 K. Furthermore, spectrum analysis of core pentasaccharide was carried out. Although poorly resolved, its contour from the experiment was in qualitative correspondence with the computed IR spectrum associated with its minimum free energy structure. A large number of strongly and weakly hydrogen-bonded hydroxyl and acetylamino groups contribute to a highly congested set of overlapping bands. Compared with traditional conformation generators, the TSTB sampling is employed to efficiently and comprehensively obtain preferred conformers of larger saccharides with lower energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present first results of the analysis of optical spectra of two complementary samples of Seyfert galaxies (Seyferts). The first sample was extracted from a selection of the 4th Fermi Gamma-ray Large Area Telescope (4FGL) catalog and consists of 11 γ -ray-emitting jetted Seyfert galaxies. The second one was extracted from the Swift-BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey (BASS) and is composed of 38 hard-X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei (AGN). These two samples are complementary, with the former being expected to have smaller viewing angles, while the latter may include objects with larger viewing angles. We measured emission-line ratios to investigate whether the behavior of these Seyferts can be explained in terms of obscuration, as suggested by the Unified Model (UM) of AGN, or if there are intrinsic differences due to the presence of jets or outflows, or due to evolution. We found no indications of intrinsic differences. The UM remains the most plausible interpretation for these classes of objects, even if some results can be challenging for this model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of shock-induced unsteady separated flow past a three-dimensional square-faced protuberance are investigated through wind tunnel experiments. Time-resolved schlieren imaging and unsteady surface pressure measurements are the diagnostics employed. Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) of schlieren snapshots and analysis of spectrum and correlations in pressure data are used to characterize and resolve the flow physics. The mean shock foot in the centreline is found to exhibit a Strouhal number of around 0.01, which is also the order of magnitude of the Strouhal numbers reported in the literature for two-dimensional shock–boundary layer interactions. The wall pressure spectra, in general, shift towards lower frequencies as one moves away (spanwise) from the centreline with some variation in the nature of peaks. The cross-correlation analysis depicts the strong dependence of the mean shock oscillations and the plateau pressure region, and disturbances are found to travel upstream from inside the separation bubble. Good coherence is observed between the spanwise mean shock foot locations till a Strouhal number of about 0.015 indicating that the three-dimensional shock foot largely moves to-and-fro in a coherent fashion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quinoline and isoquinoline moieties occur in many natural and synthetic compounds exhibiting high biological activity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the chemical structures of 5,8-quinolinedione and 5,8-isoquinoline derivatives using FT-IR spectroscopy supplemented with theoretical DFT calculations. Spectroscopic measurements were conducted using the attenuated total reflection (ATR) mode in the frequency range of 4000–400 cm−1. An analysis of FT-IR spectra was carried out, assigning the characteristic vibration frequencies of various functional groups to individual peaks. It was found that the experimental and calculated FT-IR spectra showed a good correlation for all the compounds under study. The most significant difference in the spectra occurred in the region of carbonyl bands. For compounds with the 5,8-quinolinedione moiety, two separated C=O vibration peaks were observed, while for compounds with the 5,8-isoquinolinedione moiety, the carbonyl vibrations created only one peak. This difference makes it possible to distinguish between the 5,8-quinolinedione and 5,8-isoquinolinedione derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The organic aromatic acid 4-Chloroanilinium Bromide (CAB) and 4-Chloroanilinium Thiocyanate (CAT) crystals were grown using solution method in ethanol solvent at room temperature. The crystalline structural parameters of the grown CAB and CAT crystals were determined using single XRD study. The Gaussian 09 programme was applied to determine the molecular geometrical structure and second-order hyperpolarisability value. The linear optical property of the grown crystals was confirmed with the determined energy band gap value from Gaussian 09 programme as well as experimental UV-visible spectrum analysis. The calculated value of second-order hyperpolarisability from Gaussian 09 programme for nonlinear optical property is proved that the grown crystals are suitable candidates for optoelectronic device applications. The biological activity of the grown crystals was proved with antibacterial and antifungal studies and are promising candidates for the development of antibiotic drugs against tested bacterial strains and hence it is suitable for pharmaceutical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐resolution interference pattern images are vital for spatial heterodyne Raman spectroscopy to produce quality Raman spectra with a good signal‐to‐noise ratio. A sought‐after super‐resolution algorithm can enhance Raman interference pattern images, reducing reliance on expensive imaging sensors. This enables miniaturization and portability for point‐of‐care testing. This study proposes a generative adversarial network (GAN)‐based super‐resolution reconstruction algorithm explicitly designed for Raman interference patterns. Employing GAN adversarial training, the algorithm effectively reconstructs interference pattern images at higher resolution, improving Raman spectra signal‐to‐noise ratio. Considering Raman spectra analysis mainly focuses on characteristic peaks, a Raman characteristic peak‐focused network training scheme is used. For instance, acetaminophen is studied with two selected Raman characteristic peaks centered at 388 and 858 cm−1. These peaks are observed in Fourier transformed Raman spectra from corresponding low‐resolution interference pattern images obtained by down‐sampling high‐resolution ones by twofold and fourfold. The proposed GAN‐based algorithm successfully reconstructs low‐resolution interference patterns into high‐resolution ones, achieving high R‐square values (96.05% for twofold and 91.1% for fourfold). This innovation holds potential for point‐of‐care applications, like noninvasive blood glucose concentration measurements, enabling cost‐effective, portable Raman spectrometers with improved capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • PE and PP MPs restrain pyrolysis characteristic of DS, while PVC MPs activates it. • MPs restrains the output of gas products but improved the combustible proportion. • PVC MPs improves the aromaticity, stability and adsorption activity of SS biochar. The concentration of microplastics (MPs) in sewage sludge (SS) ranged from 1600 to 56400 particles per kilogram of dried SS (MPs: dried SS = 0.14–5.09), so its effect on SS pyrolysis performance should not be negligible. This study attempted to investigate the effect of typical MPs, including polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), on the pyrolysis performance (pyrolysis characteristics and major gaseous product evolution) of SS and their biochar characteristics via thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS) and physicochemical property analysis of biochar. The results showed that the PVC MPs enhanced the pyrolysis of SS, while the PP and PE MPs had an inhibitory effect. The total amounts of gas products tended to decrease with all MPs addition. However, the proportions of combustible components (H 2 , CH 4 , and C 2 H 2) increased. Among the biochar products, the presence of PVC MPs during the pyrolysis of SS resulted in a more porous, stable and aromatic biochar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Axonal forms of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT) are classified as CMT2, distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN) or hereditary sensory neuropathy (HSN) and can be caused by mutations in over 100 genes. We presently aimed to investigate for the first time the genetic landscape of axonal CMT in the Greek population. Methods: Sixty index patients with CMT2, dHMN or HSN were screened by a combination of Sanger sequencing (GJB1) and next‐generation sequencing custom‐made gene panel covering 24 commonly mutated genes in axonal CMT. Results: Overall, 20 variants classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic were identified in heterozygous state in 20 index cases, representing 33.3% of the cohort. Of these, 14 were known pathogenic/likely pathogenic and six were designated as such according to ACMG classification, after in silico evaluation, testing for familial segregation and further literature review. The most frequently involved genes were GJB1 (11.7%), MPZ (5%) and MFN2 (5%), followed by DNM2 (3.3%) and LRSAM1 (3.3%). Single cases were identified with mutations in BSCL2, HSPB1 and GDAP1. Interpretation: A wide phenotypic variability in terms of severity and age of onset was noted. Given the limited number of genes tested, the diagnostic yield of the present panel compares favourably with studies in other European populations. Our study delineates the genetic and phenotypic variability of inherited axonal neuropathies in the Greek population and contributes to the pathogenicity characterization of further variants linked to axonal neuropathies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the results of spectral observations and consequent analysis of six long-period double-lined eclipsing binaries (DLEBs) with main-sequence (MS) components from a sample formed with the aim of testing the "mass–luminosity" relation (MLR) for stars in the mass range. We analyzed all the obtained spectra using a technique that allows one to reveal the binary nature of the system and determine and for each component, as well as the system metallicity [Fe/H] and line-of-sight extinction . We computed the absolute parameters of the systems under consideration. An analysis of the obtained spectra shows that for three of the six objects (V1156 Cyg, EU Gem and V733 Per) we can clearly establish their binary nature and determine the spectral type and class for each component. Both components of the V733 Per system have already left the MS, and therefore the system must be excluded from our sample, whereas studies of V1156 Cyg and EU Gem should continue. OT And did not demonstrate a binary spectrum, however, the main component of the system is a hot A6 V star, and therefore, OT And should remain in our sample. We also revealed no binarity in the IM Del and LX Gem systems. Their brighter components turned out to be a cool giant and a supergiant, and these systems should be excluded from the sample based on the results of our analysis. We used the same technique to analyze the two spectra obtained for systems EU Gem and LX Gem using LAMOST. We have shown that the parameters determined from LAMOST spectra are in good agreement with the parameters determined for spectra obtained at the Caucasian Mountain Observatory (CMO) of SAI MSU. Our analysis allowed us to plot a first approximation of the V1156 Cyg velocity curves and show that the cool component in this system has a larger mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explosion Seismic Waves can easily be affected by random interference generated from the explosion source, propagation medium, and topography, resulting in zero shift or great dispersion. Therefore, data pre-processing is necessary for validity determination. This paper presents a data pre-processing method based on cross-correlation theory, which considers the waves’ zero shift and similarity as objects. A data pre-processing flow wherein zero drift assessment precedes similarity assessment is introduced. The results obtained by processing the data collected from six groups of explosion seismic waves reveal that the data pre-processing method is feasible and effective, and can satisfactorily distinguish the waves’ zero drift and similarity degree and provide effective data support for subsequent seismic wave post-processing, such as spectrum analysis, wavelet transforms, and Hilbert–Huang transforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parameter estimation is important in weather radar signal processing. Time-domain processing (TDP) and frequency-domain processing (FDP) are two basic parameter estimation methods used in the weather radar field. TDP is widely used in operational weather radars because of its high efficiency and robustness; however, it must be assumed that the received signal has a symmetrical or Gaussian power spectrum, which limits its performance. FDP does not require assumptions about its power spectrum model and has a seamless connection to spectrum analysis; however, its application performance has not been fully validated to ensure its robustness in an operational environment. In this study, we introduce several technical details in FDP, including window function selection, aliasing correction, and noise correction. Additionally, we evaluate the performance of FDP and compare the performance of FDP and TDP based on simulated and measured weather in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) data. The results show that FDP has potential for operational applications; however, further improvements are required, e.g., windowing processing for signals mixed with severe clutter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Cochlear implant (CI) users demonstrate poor voice discrimination (VD) in quiet conditions based on the speaker's fundamental frequency (fo) and formant frequencies (i.e., vocal-tract length [VTL]). Our purpose was to examine the effect of background noise at levels that allow good speech recognition thresholds (SRTs) on VD via acoustic CI simulations and CI hearing. Method: Forty-eight normal-hearing (NH) listeners who listened via noise-excited (n = 20) or sinewave (n = 28) vocoders and 10 prelingually deaf CI users (i.e., whose hearing loss began before language acquisition) participated in the study. First, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that yields 70.7% correct SRT was assessed using an adaptive sentence-in-noise test. Next, the CI simulation listeners performed 12 adaptive VDs: six in quiet conditions, two with each cue (fo, VTL, fo + VTL), and six amid speech-shaped noise. The CI participants performed six VDs: one with each cue, in quiet and amid noise. SNR at VD testing was 5 dB higher than the individual's SRT in noise (SRTn +5 dB). Results: Results showed the following: (a) Better VD was achieved via the noise-excited than the sinewave vocoder, with the noise-excited vocoder better mimicking CI VD; (b) background noise had a limited negative effect on VD, only for the CI simulation listeners; and (c) there was a significant association between SNR at testing and VTL VD only for the CI simulation listeners. Conclusions: For NH listeners who listen to CI simulations, noise that allows good SRT can nevertheless impede VD, probably because VD depends more on bottom-up sensory processing. Conversely, for prelingually deaf CI users, noise that allows good SRT hardly affects VD, suggesting that they rely strongly on bottom-up processing for both VD and speech recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Length of day variation (ΔLOD) predictions play an important role in tracking and navigation of deep-space detector, precise determination of artificial satellite orbit and climate forecasting. In full consideration of the time-varying characteristics of ΔLOD, we present the application of a hybrid technique for predicting ΔLOD. Methods: The ΔLOD predictions are generated by means of the combination of singular spectrum analysis (SSA) extrapolation for the linear trend, annual and semiannual oscillations in ΔLOD based on an iterative interpolation strategy, and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) stochastic prediction of SSA remaining residuals, referred to as SSA+ARIMA. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach, the ΔLOD predictions up to 365 d into the future are calculated year-by-year for the 2-year period from Jan. 1,2000 to Dec. 31, 2001 using the data covering the previous 10 years from International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service C04 series. The prediction results are analyzed and compared with those obtained by machine learning methods such as back propagation neural network (BPNN), general regression neural network (GRNN) and Gaussian process (GP). Results: It is shown that the accuracy of the predictions are better than that by machine learning methods in terms of the mean absolute error (MAE) of predictions, especially for medium and long-term predictions. Compared with the predictions obtained by the BPNN, GRNN and GP, the MAE of the proposed SSA+ARIMA predictions up to 30 d and 365 d in future is reduced by 39% and 61%, respectively. Conclusions: The proposed method provides a new solution for ΔLOD prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Cyclooxygenase enzyme is frequently overexpressed in various types of cancer and found to play a crucial role in poor prognosis in cancer patients. In current research, we have reported the new COX-2 inhibitors for cancer treatment using computer-aided drug design and experimental validation. Methods A total of 12,795 compounds from the different databases were used to screen against the COX-2 enzyme. It perceived three new compounds with better binding affinity to the enzyme. Afterwards, physicochemical properties and in silico bioactivity were assessed for efficacy, safety, and structural features required for binding. The molecules were synthesized and confirmed by spectroscopic techniques. Later on, molecules were evaluated for their anti-cancer activity using MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and SiHa cancer cell lines. Results Compound ZINC5921547 and ZINC48442590 (4a, and 4b) reduced the MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and SiHa cells proliferation potently than parent compounds. The PG-E2 estimation shown, both compounds act through the COX-2 PGE2 axis. Compound 4a and 4b block the cell cycle at G1-S phase and induce cancer cell death. Conclusions We concluded that compounds 4a and 4b effectively promotes cancer cell death via COX-2 PGE2 axis, and further in vivo studies can be evaluated for development in both compounds as anticancer agents. The compilation of this information will help us to generate better outcome through robust computational methods. The high-quality experimental results may pave the way for identifying effective drug candidates for cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, in vitro antibacterial and Leishmanicidal activities of a ligand and phthalocyanine derivatives (2, 3, 3a–3c and 4) were tested for six selected standard bacteria and one Leishmania species. The synthesis of fluorinated pyrazoline compound (2) was first carried out from a chalcone precursor (1). Then, peripherally tetra-substituted metallophthalocyanines (zinc(II) (3a), cobalt(II) (3b) and iron(II) (3c)) and axially di-substituted silicon(IV) (4) containing fluorinated pyrazoline groups were obtained. The characterizations of 2, 3, 3a–3c and 4 were performed by IR,1H and 13C NMR, MALDI-TOF-MS and UV-Vis spectra and elemental analyses. The antibacterial and Leishmanicidal activities of the pyrazoline and phthalocyanine compounds were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce two novel nonparametric forecasting methods designed for functional time series (FTS), namely, functional singular spectrum analysis (FSSA) recurrent and vector forecasting. Our algorithms rely on extracted signals obtained from the FSSA method and innovative recurrence relations to make predictions. These techniques are model‐free, capable of predicting nonstationary FTS and utilize a computational approach for parameter selection. We also employ a bootstrap algorithm to assess the goodness‐of‐prediction. Through comprehensive evaluations on both simulated and real‐world climate data, we showcase the effectiveness of our techniques compared to various parametric and nonparametric approaches for forecasting nonstationary stochastic processes. Furthermore, we have implemented these methods in the Rfssa R package and developed a shiny web application for interactive exploration of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A photothermal vortex interferometer (PTVI) is proposed to fill the gap of full-field measurement of the laser-induced nanoscale thermal lens dynamics of optical elements. The PTVI produces a multi-ring petal-like interferogram by the coaxial coherent superposition of the high-order conjugated Laguerre–Gaussian beams. The non-uniform optical path change (OPC) profile resulting from the thermal lens causes the petals of the interferogram at the different radii to shift by the different azimuths. To demodulate such an interferogram, an azimuthal complex spectra analysis is presented by using a camera with a pixelated multi-ring pattern written on its sensor to extract multiple azimuthal intensity profiles synchronously from the interferogram. Therefore, the OPC profile can be determined dynamically from the complex spectra of the azimuthal intensity profiles at the main frequency components. An analytical thermophysical model of the thermal lens is given, and the basic principle of the azimuthal complex spectra analysis is revealed. A proof-of-concept experiment is demonstrated using a N-BK7 glass sample heated by a pump laser. The results verified that the PTVI achieves the measurement accuracy of 47 pm with a standard deviation of 358 pm (3σ) and can be used for full-field measurement of the nanoscale OPC profile caused by the thermal lens dynamics. Due to the picometer-scale accuracy of the PTVI, the absorption coefficient and thermal diffusivity of the glass sample were determined to be A0 = 0.126 m−1 and D = 5.63 × 10−7 m2 s−1, respectively, which agree with the nominal ones of A0 = 0.129 m−1 and D = 5.17 × 10−7 m2 s−1. Although the PTVI is only suitable for measuring the rotationally symmetric OPC, it shows less computation burden and hardware complexity, and it is proved to be a highly sensitive and effective tool in studying optical, thermo-physical, and mechanical properties of optical elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quasinormal modes and frequencies are the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of a non-Hermitian differential operator. They hold crucial significance in the physics of black holes. The analysis of quasinormal modes of black holes in asymptotically Anti-de Sitter geometries plays also a key role in the study of strongly coupled quantum many-body systems via gauge/gravity duality. In contrast to normal Sturm-Liouville operators, the spectrum of non-Hermitian (and non-normal) operators generally is unstable under small perturbations. This research focuses on the stability analysis of the spectrum of quasinormal frequencies pertaining to asymptotically planar AdS black holes, employing pseudospectrum analysis. Specifically, we concentrate on the pseudospectra of scalar and transverse gauge fields, shedding light on their relevance within the framework of gauge/gravity duality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until now, the photoacoustic spectrum (PAS) analysis technology cannot face the need for SF6 gas-decomposition products due to the high noise level, big shock and low accuracy. In this manuscript, we present a portable sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas-decomposition PAS gas analysis system based on mid-infrared quantum cascade laser (MI-QCL). Because the narrow linewidth, high speed tunable and stability wavelength of MI-QCL, our PAS gas analysis system has a good performance. A platform for MI-QCL PAS system is set up in our work. The accuracy of quantitative detection for sulfur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon monoxide (CO) in SF6 gas background mixture gas is 0.5, 0.1 and 0.1 ppm, respectively. Experiment results demonstrate the MI-QCL PAS system not only has a high detection accuracy, but also has a small system volume. This work gives a novel solution method for PAS system miniaturization in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Recent advancements in this field have shown continuous improvement, with CAD algorithms enhancing diagnosis accuracy. The study systematically analyzes various aspects of HSI research for skin cancer detection, emphasizing global efforts and the need for more collaboration and data sharing. The results suggest promising advancements in skin cancer identification through HSI, offering potential for early diagnosis and tailored treatments. Integrating CAD algorithms improves diagnostic accuracy. Despite challenges such as limited patient involvement and data availability, HSI offers non-invasive, precise lesion characterization, reducing false positives and negatives. It holds the potential to improve early detection and treatment planning. With ongoing research and collaboration, HSI holds the potential to save lives and improve patient care by facilitating early diagnosis and personalized treatment. Skin cancer, a malignant neoplasm originating from skin cell types including keratinocytes, melanocytes, and sweat glands, comprises three primary forms: basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and malignant melanoma (MM). BCC and SCC, while constituting the most prevalent categories of skin cancer, are generally considered less aggressive compared to MM. Notably, MM possesses a greater capacity for invasiveness, enabling infiltration into adjacent tissues and dissemination via both the circulatory and lymphatic systems. Risk factors associated with skin cancer encompass ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure, fair skin complexion, a history of sunburn incidents, genetic predisposition, immunosuppressive conditions, and exposure to environmental carcinogens. Early detection of skin cancer is of paramount importance to optimize treatment outcomes and preclude the progression of disease, either locally or to distant sites. In pursuit of this objective, numerous computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have been developed. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI), distinguished by its capacity to capture information spanning the electromagnetic spectrum, surpasses conventional RGB imaging, which relies solely on three color channels. Consequently, this study offers a comprehensive exploration of recent CAD investigations pertaining to skin cancer detection and diagnosis utilizing HSI, emphasizing diagnostic performance parameters such as sensitivity and specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On‐chip photonic filters are one of the most important elements for spectrum manipulation in various optical systems, including wavelength‐division multiplexing and spectrum analysis. Currently, it is still very challenging to achieve scalable photonic filters with flexibly‐designed bandwidths, low excess losses, flat tops, and ultra‐wide free‐spectral ranges (FSRs). Here an unprecedented silicon photonic filter is proposed and demonstrated with high performances by using apodised antisymmetric multimode subwavelength gratings (MSWGs) structures. For the present silicon photonic filter, the MSWGs enable the index engineering in the Bragg lattice, which easily manipulates the coupling coefficient, the local effective index, and the mode profile flexibly. As a result, the strong side lobes of the grating filter are efficiently suppressed, while the bandwidth can be designed flexibly and the FSR is free. The fabricated silicon photonic filter is FSR‐free and shows a low excess loss of <1 dB and a high sidelobe suppression ratio of 20–40 dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new pregnane glycosides (1 and 2), together with four known ones (3– 6), were isolated from the roots of Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight (Asclepiadaceae). On the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis and chemical method, the structures of new compounds were characterized to be metaplexigenin 3-O-β-D-cymaropyranosyl- (1→4)-α-L-diginopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranoside (1), metaplexigenin 3-O-α-L-diginopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranoside (2). All the isolated compounds (1–6) were tested for their in vitro inhibitory activity against the growth of human colon cancer cell lines HCT-116. Compounds 5 and 6 showed significant cytoxicities with IC50 values of 43.58 µM and 52.21 µM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The precise prediction of polar motion parameters is needed for the astrogeodynamics, navigation and positioning of the deep space probe. However, the current prediction methods are limited to predicting polar motion for specific periods, either short- or long-term. In this study, a sliding multilayer perceptron (MLP) method combined singular spectrum analysis (SSA) and autoregressive moving average (ARMA) for short- and long-term polar motion prediction was proposed. MLP was introduced into PM prediction due to its automatic learning characteristics and its ability to effectively process nonlinear and multi-dimensional data. The SSA was used to extract and predict the principal components of polar motion, while the remaining components were predicted using ARMA. In the meantime, SSA and ARMA were used to provide training data and target learning data for the MLP model. MLP input data were constructed by sliding processing with a window of 7 days, composed of n series of the same length (18 years). Finally, MLP was employed to predict the residuals generated during SSA and ARMA prediction. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method, the polar motion prediction was applied for a 364-day lead time based on the IERS EOP 14C04 product. The method outperformed the IERS Bulletin A, as demonstrated by the mean-absolute errors of the x and y components of polar motion on the 30th day, which were lower (5.14 mas and 3.37 mas, respectively) than those predicted by IERS Bulletin A (6.66 mas and 3.94 mas). Similarly, the mean-absolute errors on the 364th day were 17.79 mas and 16.29 mas, respectively, compared to the 19.24 mas and 18.81 mas predicted by IERS Bulletin A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A smart packaging film was developed employing the pH-indicating activity of elderberry anthocyanins to solve the problem of refrigerated food freshness monitoring. The effect of elderberry anthocyanins on the properties of gellan gum, gelatin composite films and preservation of fresh shrimp as an indicator of freshness was investigated. The results showed that the elderberry anthocyanin-gellan gum/gelatin film had improved on film thickness (7.8×10−2 mm), TS (tensile strength) (14.57×103 MPa), WVP (water vapor permeability) (36.96×10−8 g/m·s·Pa), and a reduced EAB (elongation at break) (17.92%), and water solubility (water-soluble time of 60.5 s). SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and FTIR (infrared spectrum analysis) showed excellent compatibility between its components. Moreover, the elderberry anthocyanin film exhibited good mechanical properties and pH indication effects. Therefore, the film can be considered suitable for maintaining the quality of fresh shrimp. The results could provide a reference for research and development into new active intelligent packaging films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tyrosinase, the rate-limiting enzyme of melanogenesis, plays a crucial role in hyperpigmentation. As a result, in this study, a novel class of thiazolopyrimidine derivatives was developed and synthesized as tyrosinase inhibitor. The structure of derivatives was characterized using various spectroscopy techniques, including FTIR, Mass, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. Next, the inhibitory activities of all derivatives were examined against tyrosinase, and, 6a as the most potent compound, exhibited an IC50 value of 28.50 µM. Furthermore, the kinetic study of 6a was performed to better understand the inhibitory mechanism and its type of inhibition. The UV/Vis spectra analysis was also executed to provide valuable evidence supporting the inhibitory mechanism of compound 6a in the context of tyrosinase inhibition. Also, molecular docking and dynamic molecular study of 6a were executed to study its interactions within the enzyme's binding site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Raman spectroscopy shows great potential as a diagnostic tool for thyroid cancer due to its ability to detect biochemical changes during cancer development. This technique is particularly valuable because it is non-invasive and label/dye-free. Compared to molecular tests, Raman spectroscopy analyses can more effectively discriminate malignant features, thus reducing unnecessary surgeries. However, one major hurdle to using Raman spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool is the identification of significant patterns and peaks. In this study, we propose a Machine Learning procedure to discriminate healthy/benign versus malignant nodules that produces interpretable results. We collect Raman spectra obtained from histological samples, select a set of peaks with a data-driven and label independent approach and train the algorithms with the relative prominence of the peaks in the selected set. The performance of the considered models, quantified by area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve, exceeds 0.9. To enhance the interpretability of the results, we employ eXplainable Artificial Intelligence and compute the contribution of each feature to the prediction of each sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use an agnostic information-theoretic approach to investigate the statistical properties of natural images. We introduce the Multiscale Relevance (MSR) measure to assess the robustness of images to compression at all scales. Starting in a controlled environment, we characterize the MSR of synthetic random textures as function of image roughness H and other relevant parameters. We then extend the analysis to natural images and find striking similarities with critical ( H ≈ 0 ) random textures. We show that the MSR is more robust and informative of image content than classical methods such as power spectrum analysis. Finally, we confront the MSR to classical measures for the calibration of common procedures such as color mapping and denoising. Overall, the MSR approach appears to be a good candidate for advanced image analysis and image processing, while providing a good level of physical interpretability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allocating and routing resources in optical networks is a critical process that has a major bearing on the efficiency and scalability of the network's resources. There has been a lot of study put into it, and several high-quality algorithms have been developed. The authors of this paper propose a novel approach to distributing optical network channels and assessing their spectrum for 5G uses. In this scenario, network channel allocation is performed by means of a reinforcement Markov Fourier spatial convolutional network. By analysing the channel allocation, the spectral efficiency of the network may be increased. Software defined networking, network function virtualization, and network slicing (NS) are just a few examples of the technologies gaining traction in academia and the IT industry that will fuel 5G. Network slicing (NS) is a network management technique that allows a physical topology to be partitioned into many independent virtual networks. Network resources, such as bandwidth, may be dynamically delivered on demand in line with specific quality of service and service level agreement requirements, and many service function chains can be established within a single slice. An experimental analysis of SNR, spectral efficiency, throughput, and packet delivery ratio is conducted based on the number of optical channels, users, and radio networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Undoubtedly, Machine Learning (ML) for Optical Communication (OC) has been a popular topic in recent years and is likely to remain so for the foreseeable future. Recent years have seen a tremendous increase in the pace of research in this area. The innovative nature of this study field is related more to the unusual nature of the application domain than to the employment of state-of-the-art ML algorithms in the methodologies used. This study suggests a new method for optimising optical networks for 5G services by using channel allocation and spectral analysis. In this setup, we use a Gaussian reinforcement convolutional learning model to allocate channels for optical network signals, and a multilayer adversarial markov encoder to improve spectrum efficiency. Measurements of spectrum efficiency, bit error rate (BER), channel efficiency, energy consumption, and training correctness are all taken as part of the experimental investigation. According to the findings, the plan was feasible, and decision-making methods based on machine learning algorithms were able to determine the most suitable route of communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports the successful synthesis and comprehensive characterization of ZrO 2 :Dy3+ phosphors with the incorporation of K+ ions. The introduction of Dy3+ and K+ in the ZrO 2 lattice as lanthanide activators demonstrates its potential as an efficient host material. The structural integrity of ZrO 2 remains unaltered following the doping process. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirms the presence of Zr-O and O-H stretching, along with H 2 O bending modes in the phosphor sample. The wide luminescence band seen at 460 nm is attributed to luminescence defects in the ZrO 2 induced by oxygen, and the presence of water molecules. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra analysis reveals pronounced emission peaks at 491 and 578 nm, corresponding to 4F 9/2 → 6H 15/2 and 4F 9/2 → 6H 13/2 transitions, respectively, upon excitation at 349 nm. Optimizing the Dy3+ doping concentration to 0.4 wt% and achieving a critical distance of 31.82 Å resulted in efficient energy transfer. Notably, co-doping K+ as a charge compensator significantly enhances the luminescence intensity. Moreover, at lower temperatures, direct excitation of Dy3+ ions through our pump wavelength, coupled with exciton-mediated energy transfer, leads to a remarkable increase in PL intensity. Tailoring the doping concentrations effectively shifts the emission spectrum of the phosphor mixture, aligning with the standard white light illumination coordinates (0.333, 0.333). This property positions the material as a promising candidate for applications in white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) and various high-quality lighting applications. The enhanced photoluminescence and temperature dependence observed in ZrO 2 :Dy3+ phosphors upon the incorporation of K+ ions pave the way for their potential utilization in advanced luminescent devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the process of developing commercial chips, the phosphors with single broadband emission are indispensable. In this report, a new ternary phosphate phosphor Na 3 Ba 2 Ca(PO 4) 3 :Eu2+ has been successfully synthesized by the high-temperature solid-state reaction (HSSR) method, which shows broad emitting band in the range of 350–600 nm centered at 436 nm (FWHM ∼ 72.3 nm). The crystal structure of the Na 3 Ba 2 Ca(PO 4) 3 and Eu2+ doped Na 3 Ba 2 Ca(PO 4) 3 were determined by the Rietveld method, indicating the trigonal system with P 31 c space group. The selective two-site occupancy tendency of Eu2+ ions at Ba1O 9 and Ca2O 8 sites in the matrix was comprehensively revealed according to the split peaks (433 nm and 469 nm) at 298 K and 11 K, computational validation and fluorescence lifetime analysis of photoluminescence spectrum. Impressively, the optimal Na 3 Ba 2 Ca(PO 4) 3 :0.02Eu2+ phosphor exhibits appropriate spectrum resemblance (SR) indexes (58.5% and 72.2%), proper thermostability (78.6%) and excellent chromaticity stability (Δ x = 8.68 × 10−6 and Δ y = 3.64 × 10−5). Besides, the phosphor prepared by HSSR owns the higher internal quantum efficiency of 62.1% in comparison with that synthesized by polymerizable complex (PC) method. The new phosphor can serve as a potential broadband and blue-emitting phosphor for the application of solid-state lighting and plant growth. [Display omitted] • First synthesis of Eu2+ ion doped Na 3 Ba 2 Ca(PO 4) 3 phosphor by high temperature solid phase method. • The internal quantum efficiency of phosphor prepared in this work is 9 times of polymerizable complex (PC) method. • Two site-occupancy of Eu2+ in host was carefully determined. • The Na 3 Ba 2 Ca(PO 4) 3 : 0.02Eu2+ owns good thermostability and chromaticity stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing tobacco curing process assumes a uniform distribution of temperature and humidity in a barn without considering surface, texture, and biochemical properties of leaves, leading to low quality or even inferior end products. This paper proposes a novel curing process by combining image recognition and data analysis techniques that aims to intelligently improve curing quality of tobacco leaves. Specifically, an image recognition technique is first proposed to classify tobacco leaves and determine their placement in a curing barn. Then, data analysis of the biochemical spectrum of the tobacco leaves are conducted to correlate the temperature and humidity with biochemical data features. Extensive experimental results show that proposed curing process achieves 98.68% accuracy in image recognition for tobacco position control and provides an accurate mapping between tobacco state and biochemical spectrum signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spherical stellar systems have weakly damped response modes. The dipole modes are seiche modes. The quadrupole are zero pattern-speed prolate modes, the stable precursors to the radial orbit instability (ROI). We demonstrate that small wiggles in the distribution function (DF) can destabilize the dipole modes and describe the newly identified instabilities in NFW-like dark-matter (DM) haloes and other power-law spherical systems. The modes were identified in N -body simulations using multivariate singular spectrum analysis and corroborated using linear-response theory. The new mode peaks inside the half-mass radius but has a pattern speed typical of an outer-halo orbit. As it grows, the radial angle of the eccentric orbits that make up the mode correlates and loses angular momentum by a resonant couple to outer-halo orbits. This leads to an unsteady pattern with a density enhancement that swings from one side of the halo to another along a diameter, like the orbits that comprise the instability. In this way, the dipole mode is similar to the ROI. Since the DF found in Nature is unlikely to be smooth and isotropic with d f (E)/d E < 0 necessary for Antonov stability, these modes may be ubiquitous albeit slowly growing. Haloes that are less extended than NFW, such as the Hernquist model, tend to be stable to this dipole instability. We present the critical stability exponents for one- and two-power models. These different critical outer power-law exponents illustrate that the gravitational coupling between the inner and outer DM halo depends on the global shape of density profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problem where the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) of a three-phase inverter produces large harmonic components near the switching frequency (fs) and its doubling frequency, a frequency-optimized random switching frequency SVPWM (FORSF-SVPWM) control strategy is proposed in this paper. In this strategy, the basic principle of the chaotic ant colony algorithm in path optimization is used to determine the optimized scheme of the switching frequency distribution in the FORSF-SVPWM. Research shows that the frequency sample formed by the sigmoid function curve in the switching frequency range can cause the energy that was originally concentrated on the switching frequency and its doubling frequency to be more evenly distributed in the whole frequency range. Moreover, the amplitude of each harmonic wave is shown to be suppressed. The proposed strategy reduces the high-frequency noise and conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) existing in power switching circuits. Thus, this strategy is obviously better than the traditional random switching frequency SVPWM (RSF-SVPWM) algorithm with its approximately uniform frequency distribution. Simulation and experimental results show that this strategy can work well in the hardware platform of a three-phase inverter without changing the topology of the main circuit of the system. In addition, this strategy is easy to implement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current work, we formulate a dynamic spectrum assignment (DSA) technique to allocate the experimental licensed 95 GHz Tera-Hertz spectrum to the mobile service providers (MSPs) in India in view of achieving high spectrum usage. For a fixed term of renewal (ToR), the formulated DSA technique compares the number of consumers of an MSP with all the remaining MSPs and then assigns the spectrum accordingly. The DSA then updates the assigned spectrum to an MSP at every ToR in accordance with variation in the amount of consumers compared to the previous ToR. The DSA technique is formulated such that it finds the optimal spectrum amount required by every MSP during each ToR. Also, the mean capacity (MC), spectral efficiency (SE), energy efficiency (EE), and cost efficiency (CE) are derived for each MSP. The aforementioned metrics are used to compare the performance of DSA with the static spectrum assignment (SSA) method, which assigns the spectrum to any MSP without accounting for the actual requirement by the consumer. We conduct extensive simulations considering a specific scenario with four MSPs, and the results demonstrate that the DSA technique is able to meet the demands of the 6G wireless systems as it is able to reuse the available spectrum for every MSP for a fewer number of cells of approximately 38% reduced amount of buildings. Further, the results also demonstrate that, in comparison to the traditional static spectrum assignment (SSA) method, DSA improves the MC and SE by 20% and the EE and CE by 25%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is a tubulointerstitial kidney disorder with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Its genetic heterogeneity contributes to phenotype variability. The most frequent etiology of juvenile nephronophthisis is a mutation in the nephronophthisis type 1 (NPHP1) gene. This study aimed to evaluate the genotype-phenotype correlation in NPHP1 gene mutation. Methods: A multicenter retrospective study was performed over 20 years from 1998 to 2018 to describe the clinical, biological, and radiological features associated with the large deletion NPHP1 gene in 32 patients. Results: The incidence of NPHP1 was 1.6/204041. Eighty-one percent of our patients were born out of consanguineous marriages. The mean age at diagnosis was 14 ± 7 years. The patients were divided into three groups: isolated nephronophthisis (72%), syndromic nephronophthisis (19%), and patients without recognizable syndrome (9%). Intrafamilial and geographical variability was observed in syndrome diagnoses and in age at the onset of CKD stage 5. Genotype frequency varied between 50% and 100% in genealogical data. Juvenile (47%), adolescent (37%), and adult (13%) clinical forms have been distinguished by the onset of CKD stage 5. The five-year survival rate of renal transplantation was 80%. Conclusion: Given the broad clinical spectrum of NPHP1 associated with the large deletion of the NPHP1 gene, no genotype-phenotype correlation could be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, an efficient methodology for the homogeneous manganese‐catalysed transfer hydrogenation of N‐heterocycles by using ammonia‐borane as a hydrogen source under mild reaction conditions is reported. Good to excellent isolated yields are achieved by applying a PNP manganese pincer complex. In the reaction, 1,2‐dihydroquinoline is detected as intermediate by NMR spectra analysis and deuterium labelling experiment. The catalytic reaction likely proceeded by an outer‐sphere pathway based on the bifunctional pincer complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Detecting bacteria as a causative pathogen of acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is a challenging task. Electronic nose technology is a novel method for detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that has also been studied in association with the detection of several diseases. The aim of this pilot study was to analyze maxillary sinus secretion with differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) and to determine whether the secretion demonstrates a different VOC profile when bacteria are present. Methods: Adult patients with ARS symptoms were examined. Maxillary sinus contents were aspirated for bacterial culture and DMS analysis. k -Nearest neighbor and linear discriminant analysis were used to classify samples as positive or negative, using bacterial cultures as a reference. Results: A total of 26 samples from 15 patients were obtained. After leave-one-out cross-validation, k -nearest neighbor produced accuracy of 85%, sensitivity of 67%, specificity of 94%, positive predictive value of 86%, and negative predictive value of 84%. Conclusions: The results of this pilot study suggest that bacterial positive and bacterial negative sinus secretion release different VOCs and that DMS has the potential to detect them. However, as the results are based on limited data, further conclusions cannot be made. DMS is a novel method in disease diagnostics and future studies should examine whether the method can detect bacterial ARS by analyzing exhaled air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of LaCaGaO4:xBi3+,yEu3+ (x = 0.002–0.04, y = 0.02–0.45) phosphors with adjustable emission colors were synthesized by high‐temperature solid‐state reaction. The samples were identified as pure phases by X‐ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement, and the crystal structures were analyzed in detail. The LaCaGaO4:xBi3+ phosphor shows an intense blue emission under near‐ultraviolet excitation, originating from the 3P1 → 1S0 transition. The spectrum analysis reveals that the Bi3+ ions occupy two luminescence centers in the LaCaGaO4 host and that energy transfer can occur. A model of the energy transfer between the Bi3+ and Eu3+ ions was also created and studied in detail. As the Eu3+‐concentration increased, the emission color of the LaCaGaO4:0.005Bi3+,yEu3+ phosphor changed from blue to pink to red. In addition, the fluorescence lifetime, quantum yield, thermal stability, and other properties of the phosphors were characterized and analyzed. Finally, two white light‐emitting diode devices with Ra values of 96.6 and 95 and correlated color temperatures of 4578 and 3324 K were fabricated, indicating the potential of phosphors for warm white lighting applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]