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The clinical relevance of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has received growing recognition, and NSSI represents a relevant risk factor for suicide. The present study aimed at running a head-to-head comparison between interview scores of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) Section II personality disorders (PDs) criteria, and DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) Criterion A and Criterion B measures in providing significant and relevant information for understanding NSSI and suicidal ideation and behavior among psychotherapy participants. To this aim, a clinical sample of 103 adult participants was administered the Clinician-Administered Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Disorder Index (CANDI), the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), as well as the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Personality Disorders, the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders Module I, and a self-report measure of dysfunctional personality traits (i.e., the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 [PID-5]). Logistic ordinal regression dominance analysis results showed that, when compared to the 10 DSM-5 Section II PD symptom counts, the DSM-5 Section III PD measure scores provided the same amount of information in the CANDI Global Severity Index scores (Nagelkerke pseudo- R ² value = .41), and a markedly larger information quantity in the case of the C-SSRS Suicidal Ideation (+35.1%), and Suicidal Behavior Index (+35.9%) levels. As a whole, our data suggested the clinical usefulness of the DSM-5 AMPD in understanding NSSI and suicidal ideation and behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) is a neuropsychiatric construct including lethargy, behavioral sluggishness, and confusion. A growing number of studies in the literature suggest that this set of symptoms refers to neuropsychological constructs such as sustained attention. However, studies focusing on SCT and its neuropsychological correlates in developmental age are scarce. The present study aims to fill this gap. The Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI - Teacher and Parent versions, also including the school functioning scale, and the Child Concentration Inventory (CCI-2) were administered to a sample of 128 Italian primary-school children (57.6% F, mean age 8.81, SD 1.07); the neuropsychological constructs involved in the study were sustained attention and reaction times to two computerized tasks. Bivariate non-parametric correlation analyses yielded significant negative associations between teacher-referred SCT and measures of sustained attention (e.g., the Attentional Network Test and the Hearts and Flowers task) as well as CABI-T school-functioning scale; a small-to-moderate positive correlation was found between CABI-T SCT scores and mean reaction times, as a measure of the slowness of behavioral responses on the Attentional Network Test: this result would appear to represent a fine operationalization of the SCT-characteristic of behavioral sluggishness. Implications of these results for operationalizing the SCT construct in developmental age are discussed.

Prominent scholars suggested that the impulsive-obsessive compulsive continuum may represent a framework to understand both substance and behavioral addictions. However, the characterization of pathological buying (PB) and problem gambling (PG) within the compulsive-impulsive spectrum has not been extensively investigated. To explore the relationships among PB, PG, alcohol and substance abuse, DSM-5 obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, and impulsive dimensions, a sample of 1,005 Italian community-dwelling adult participants (55.5% female), was administered self-reported measures of PB, PG, and other theoretically-relevant constructs. We expected to observe a multidimensional structure in our data; moreover, DSM-5 obsessive compulsive and related disorders were hypothesized to be accounted for by a common dimension. Three dimensions were identified and replicated across two different, non-redundant methods (i.e., exploratory graph analysis and exploratory factor analysis), namely, substance use and gambling, obsessive and compulsive phenomena, and impulsivity dimensions. Specifically, PG seemed to represent a behavioral variant of addiction vulnerability, PB seemed more akin to obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders, and disinhibition dimension represented the common core of negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, sensation seeking (SS), and positive urgency. Our findings may be helpful in improving our knowledge on the similarities and differences between PB and PG., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest Antonella Somma, Robert F. Krueger, Kristian E. Markon, Giulia Gialdi, Nicole Di Leva, Elena Falcone, Marisole Villa, Claudia Frau, and Andrea Fossati, (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

To examine the hierarchical structure of psychopathology and dysfunctional personality domains, 2416 Italian community-dwelling adult volunteers were administered a set of psychometrically sound psychopathology measures and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form+ (PID-5-BF+). Parallel analysis, minimum average partial, and very simple structure results suggested that 1-6 principal components (PCs) should be retained. Goldberg's bass-ackwards model of the joint psychopathology measure and PID-5-BF+ ipsatized domain scale correlation matrix evidenced a hierarchical structure that was consistent with the working model proposed by the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) consortium. Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis around latent variables of the psychopathology indicators and PID-5-BF+ domain scales recovered four latent dimensions, which were akin to the corresponding bass-ackwards components and nicely reproduced the HiTOP Internalizing, Externalizing, Thought Disorder, and Eating Pathology dimensions., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) has been less frequently studied in adolescents compared with school-aged youth, few studies have examined youth self-report of SCT, and no study has examined SCT in Italy. The present study examined the reliability and validity of the Child Concentration Inventory-Version 2 (CCI-2), a youth self-report measure of SCT, in 452 Italian adolescent high school students (37.8% female; mean age = 15.92 years). Adolescents were administered Italian translations of the CCI-2 and the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Self-Report Scale (ASRS). School performance variables (i.e., teacher-rated grades and teachers' disciplinary ratings) were also collected. A random subsample ( n = 88) of participants was also administered the Mackworth Clock Test, a short version of the Attention Network Test, and the Stop-Signal Task. In our study, all CCI-2 items showed adequate convergent-discriminant validity, and the CCI-2 scale score showed adequate internal consistency reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis results suggested the adequacy of a one-factor model of the CCI-2 items, which showed to be invariant across sex. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the dissociability of SCT from ADHD-Inattention and ADHD-Impulsivity. SCT was significantly and negatively associated with adolescents' average school grades, whereas ADHD was also significantly and negatively associated with adolescents' disciplinary ratings. In the random subsample, the CCI-2 total score was positively, significantly, and uniquely associated with overall reaction time on the Attention Network Task, but not other neurocognitive variables. This study provides further support for the reliability and validity of self-reported SCT in adolescence.

Objectives: Short, self-report screening measures for adolescent and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) would greatly enhance the likelihood of ADHD subjects to be correctly diagnosed and treated. This study aimed at testing the reliability, factor structure, convergent validity, external validity, and diagnostic accuracy of the official Italian translation of the ADHD Self-Report Screening Scale for DSM-5 (ASRS-5) in a sample of community-dwelling adolescents, extending previous data on adult participants to adolescent participants. Methods: Five hundred sixty-four community-dwelling male adolescents (mean age ≅15) were administered the ASRS-5, the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale 18-item and 6-item versions (ASRS-18 and ASRS-6), the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS), and the Structured Clinician Interview for DSM-5 -Clinician Version ADHD Module (SCID-5-CV-ADHD). School performance variables were also collected. Results: The item response theory (IRT) reliability of ASRS-5 was adequate. Dimensionality analyses strongly supported the unidimensional structure of ASRS-5 items; confirmatory factor analysis fit indices supported the adequacy of the one-factor model of ASRS-5. In terms of convergent validity, the ASRS-5 total score was significantly and positively associated with self-report and interview-based ADHD dimensional scores, as well as with school performance variables. Roughly 8.0% of our male adolescents met SCID-5-CV-ADHD criteria for categorical ADHD diagnosis. Ten-fold cross-validated receiver operating curve value was 0.843; precision-recall curve analysis suggests that an ASRS-5 total score >12 may be preferred for screening purposes in adolescence. Conclusions: Our data showed that the ASRS-5 may represent a psychometrically sound self-report instrument to reliably screen for DSM-5 ADHD, extending the range of application of ASRS-5 from adulthood to adolescence, suggesting that the ASRS-5 could be safely used for screening purposes also in community-dwelling adolescents, at least in its official Italian translation.

To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Italian translation of the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality-2 (SNAP-2) diagnostic scales, 837 Italian community-dwelling adults and 429 consecutively admitted Italian psychiatric adults were administered the SNAP-2. The 12 SNAP-2 diagnostic scales yielded reliable scores in both community (median ω value = .90) and psychiatric (median ω value = .92) samples. The 6-month temporal stability was adequate for all SNAP-2 diagnostic scales (median test-retest r-value = .84) in a subsample of the community-dwelling adults (n = 97). When we examined the correlations between the SNAP-2 diagnostic scales and the Five-Factor Model Rating Form trait scales among the community-dwelling adults, the double-entry intraclass correlation values (median ICCDE = .94) indicated a marked similarity between our correlation profiles and the correlation profiles that were reported in Samuel and Widiger (2008) meta-analysis. In our psychiatric-adult sample, the SNAP-2 diagnostic scales showed adequate convergent-validity coefficients (median r-value = .61) with criterion measures of DSM-IV axis II/DSM-5 Section II personality disorders (PDs). Finally, relative-weight analysis results showed that selected Personality Inventory for DSM-5 trait-scale scores explained a substantial amount of variance in SNAP-2 antisocial, avoidant, borderline, narcissistic, obsessive-compulsive, and schizotypal PD scale scores (median R 2 value = .55). As a whole, our data suggest that the Italian SNAP-2 diagnostic scales have adequate reliability and construct validity in the Italian culture. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

The present study aimed to evaluate base rate estimates, course of, and psychopathology and personality risk factors for COVID-19-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in community-dwelling adults during the pandemic. 203 participants from a sample of 811 Italian community-dwelling adults agreed to participate in a nine-month, three-wave (Wave 1: March 2020; Wave 2: June 2020; Wave 3: December 2020) longitudinal study. Participants in the longitudinal study did not differ from the cross-sectional original sample on age, gender, civil status, educational level, occupation, and Italian area of residence. At each wave, participants were administered the PTSD scale of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ), DSM-5 measures of acute stress, dissociation, depression and anxiety, as well as a maladaptive personality domain measure at Wave 1. Participants were instructed to answer to the ITQ items based only on COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. The point prevalence estimates of COVID-19 related PTSD at each wave ranged from 11% to 13%; however, up to roughly 23% of our participants experienced clinically relevant PTSD features during nine months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Multiple logistic regression results showed that experiencing internalizing symptoms (i.e., mostly acute stress) and selected personality features (i.e., Negative Affectivity and Psychoticism) at Wave 1 represent risk factors for PTSD symptoms at later waves. These findings extend previous knowledge on COVID-19 related PTSD and support the need for preventive and treatment interventions for PTSD during the COVID-19 pandemic., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Although necessary for public health, quarantine has been documented to cause post-traumatic stress symptoms, anxiety, and depression. We designed the present longitudinal study to evaluate the psychological impact of quarantine in Italian community-dwelling adult participants., Methods: A sample of 304 Italian community-dwelling adult participants (75.7% female; mean age = 35.28 years) was administered self-reported measures of depression, anxiety and acute stress symptoms at the beginning and at the end of the lockdown. Potential predictors of clinically relevant symptoms at the end of the lockdown were assessed. Specifically, data on gender, civil status, education level, occupation, and area of residence, as well as maladaptive personality domains were collected., Results: More than 43% of participants suffered from the early impact of the lockdown; at the end of the lockdown roughly 32% of participants still reported any clinically relevant depression anxiety, and/or acute stress disorder condition. Clinically relevant acute stress reaction at the beginning of lockdown was a particularly important risk factor for experiencing clinically relevant acute stress, depression, and anxiety at the end of the lockdown. Maladaptive personality domains represent non-trivial predictors of participants' self-reports of clinically relevant depression, anxiety, and acute stress conditions at the end of the lockdown., Limitations: Excess of female participants and the impossibility of evaluating if participants suffered from any internalizing disorder before the COVID-19 quarantine represent major limitations of our study., Conclusions: Our findings suggest assessment of internalizing disorder symptoms during quarantine may be helpful in identifying people who may benefit from early treatment interventions., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Applying personality disorder diagnosis to adolescents is still a controversial topic. Notwithstanding there is now general agreement that personality disorders have its roots in childhood and adolescence, skepticism with regard to personality disorder diagnoses in adolescence seem to continue among clinicians. The aim of the present review is to summarize the available emerging literature on the assessment of personality pathology in adolescence according to the Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD). Specifically, we will provide an overview of the available instruments for assessing AMPD Criterion A and Criterion B, with a particular focus on their measurement properties in adolescence. Finally, suggestions for future researches are provided., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: In Italy, lockdown due to COVID-19 health emergency started on March 10 and partially ended on May 3rd, 2020. There was a significant increase of psychological distress and symptoms of mental illness, and worsening of quality of sleep in the general population., Methods: Participants completed an anonymous web-based survey that include questionnaires about sleep and anxiety and depression symptoms. Our sample included 400 subjects: 307 students (mean age 22.84 ± 2.68) and 93 university administration staff workers (mean age 37.02 ± 12.46)., Results: we found an increase in Bed Time hour, Sleep Latency, and Wake-Up time between before and during COVID-19 emergency and a worsening of sleep quality and of insomnia symptoms. In particular, during the lockdown, the impact of the delay in Bed Time and in Wake-Up was more pronounced in students. In workers, we observed a prevalence of maintenance insomnia before COVID-19 of 24% that significantly increase during COVID-19 reaching 40%, while workers with difficulties in sleep initiation were only 15% that increased to 42%. In our sample, 27.8% showed depressive symptoms, while 34.3% showed anxious symptoms, in particular in students., Conclusion: The impact of lockdown was greater in students than in workers, and in females than in males. Concerning the psycho-emotional aspects, about one-third of our sample showed depressive or anxious symptoms. The results of our study may provide support for the implementation of some interventions for well-being in pandemic condition.

The nature of the relationship between borderline personality disorder (borderline PD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD remains controversial. In this study we attempted to investigate the association between traumatic events and borderline PD and the co-occurrence of complex PTSD, PTSD and borderline PD. Finally, we tested the association between complex PTSD and PTSD diagnoses and other DSM-5 Section II personality disorders. In a sample of 416 patients, we administered the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) to evaluate the PTSD/complex PTSD diagnoses and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Personality Disorders (SCID-5-PD) and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire- 4+ (PDQ-4+) to assess borderline PD and other PDs. One hundred-twenty-three participants reported experiencing one or more traumatic events. Our findings show that the presence of adverse events does not represent a risk factor for borderline PD assessed using both SCID-5-PD and PDQ4+. A co-occurrence of borderline PD diagnoses and complex PTSD/PTSD diagnoses has not been observed. We found a significant association only between complex PTSD and schizoid personality disorder assessed using PDQ4+. Our findings suggest relevant clinical implications for the development of effective treatment for complex PTSD, PTSD and borderline PD., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

To evaluate the relationships between body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorder (AMPD) criterion A and dysfunctional personality trait (i.e., criterion B) measures, 420 Italian community-dwelling women were administered three measures of BDD (i.e., the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire, the Body Dysmorphic Disorder-Dimensional Scale, and the Appearance Anxiety Inventory), as well as the Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form (LPFS-BF) and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Short Form (PID-5-SF). The three BDD measures showed substantial convergent validity correlations and could be reliably cumulated to obtain the BDD Cumulative Index (BDDCI). Several significant, nonnegligible correlations were observed between the BDDCI as well as the LPFS-BF scale scores and PID-5-SF personality trait scale scores. Relative importance weight analysis results showed that LPFS-BF scale scores and PID-5-SF trait scale scores were substantial predictors of the BDDCI scores (R = 0.42, f = 0.72). In particular, AMPD criterion A impairment in self-functioning and AMPD criterion B depressivity, anhedonia, perseveration, separation insecurity, and cognitive and perceptual dysregulation were core components of the dysfunctional personality profile associated with BDD.

In order to assess the relationships between DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) maladaptive personality traits and self-reports of aggression, 508 Italian adult participants who met at least one DSM-IV Axis II/ DSM-5 Section II personality disorder (PD) diagnosis were administered the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ). Analysis results showed that multiple regression results, PID-5 Hostility, Callousness, and Risk Taking trait scale scores explained a large amount of variance in AQ Physical Aggression (PA) scores. Moreover, PID-5 Hostility, Callousness, and Risk Taking explained more than 20% of the variance in the AQ Physical Aggression scale scores that was left unexplained by selected continuously scored DSM-IV Axis II/ DSM-5 Section II PDs, whereas SCID-II Paranoid, Narcissistic, Borderline, and Antisocial PDs added only 4% of variance to the amount of variance in AQ Physical Aggression scores that was already explained by the PID-5 trait scale scores.

The present study aimed at assessing the impact of demographic characteristics, maladaptive personality traits and causal beliefs about COVID-19 on perceived emotional problems in a sample of Italian community-dwelling adults ( N  = 1043) in the first month of the social distancing period due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis results showed that dysfunctional personality domains and non-scientifically supported causal beliefs explained all the variance that was originally explained by demographic variables (i.e., age and gender). In particular, negative affectivity and detachment represented relevant risk factors for reduced emotional well-being in our sample. A significant positive association was observed also between emotional problems and supernatural causal beliefs on the COVID-19 infection. Our data supported the importance of considering the impact of quarantine measures on psychological well-being, while suggesting possible risk factors related to individual differences in personality and causal beliefs., (© 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The goal of this study was to test in a clinical sample the interrater reliability and convergent validity of the Differentiation-Relatedness Scale (D-RS), a measure that evaluates mental representations based on open-ended descriptions of self and significant others. The study also investigated the ability of the D-RS to predict personality disorders (PDs) from Section II of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), and the dysfunctional trait domains presented in the Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders Criterion B in Section III of the DSM-5. We also evaluated if the D-RS predicts observed Section II PDs over and above Criterion B of the Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders. We found that the interrater reliability of the D-RS was good on the basis of the mean scores of 6 independent raters and that it showed moderate convergent validity. Results of dominance analyses indicated that the D-RS is a significant predictor of Section II borderline PD and of the overall number of DSM-5 PDs. When we considered the Section III Criterion B for PDs, the D-RS was not able to predict any of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 domains, suggesting that the D-RS may be more related to personality functioning behind mental representations than to maladaptive personality traits. Finally, results of hierarchical regression analyses suggested that the D-RS produced a significant but modest increase in the prediction of borderline PD traits and the overall number of PDs traits even when the effect of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 domains were controlled for.

Background: Extant literature indicates that Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) may be reliably assessed in adolescence. Sharp and colleagues' (2011) suggested that mentalization could be an important early target for intervention in BPD adolescents and showed that hypermentalizing may represent an important marker to distinguish emerging BPD from adolescent turmoil. We aimed at testing if both dimensionally-assessed and categorically-diagnosed BPD was selectively associated with hypermentalizing errors on the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC) task in Italian adolescent inpatients and community adolescents., Findings: The sample was composed of 58 Italian adolescents who were consecutively admitted to an adolescent psychiatry unit in Rome, Italy. BPD was assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Personality Disorders (SCID-5-PD); the MASC task was used to assess mentalizing. Findings supported the hypothesis of a specific link between BPD features and hypermentalizing in adolescent inpatients. Both dimensionally-assessed and categorically-assessed BPD showed significant and non-negligible associations with hypermentalizing. The overall performance on the MASC task significantly discriminated BPD adolescents from Italian community-dwelling adolescents., Conclusions: Our findings supported the hypothesis that specific deficits in mentalization-namely, hypermentalizing-may play a crucial role in the developmental pathway leading to emerging BPD in adolescence., Competing Interests: The study was conducted in accordance with the Italian Psychology Association Ethical Guidelines. “Sapienza” University of Rome Institutional Review Board approved the data collection process, in which consent was obtained from the participants, parents/legal guardian, and assent was obtained from the adolescent participants, and approved also the current study data analysis.Not applicable.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the factor structure, internal consistency, and diagnostic efficacy of the Italian translation of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-18; Kessler et al., 2005, 2007) in a sample of community-dwelling sample of adolescents. Three hundred eight Italian adolescents attending professional high schools were administered the ASRS-18; the adolescence ADHD module of the MINI interview was administered to obtain ADHD criterion diagnoses. Robust maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis results identified a bifactor model of the ASRS-18 items as the best-fitting model, RMSEA = 0.029, p > 0.99, TLI = 0.93, CFI = 0.95. Further analyses showed that 77.9% of the ASRS-18 reliable (ω = 0.78) score variance was due to the total score. In our study the ASRS-18 proved to be able to effectively differentiate adolescents who received a MINI ADHD diagnosis (n = 80) from adolescents who did not receive a MINI ADHD diagnosis (n = 163), area under the curve = 0.80, 95% confidence interval = 0.74, 0.86. Our data suggest that the ASRS-18 may represent an effective self-report measure to screen for ADHD in community-dwelling adolescents, at least in its Italian translation., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Background: Selected personality features may represent important predisposing as well as perpetuating factors for insomnia, and previous studies stressed the importance to assess personality disorders in insomnia patients., Methods: In order to evaluate the relationships between DSM-IV Axis II/DSM-5 Section II Personality Disorders (PDs) and insomnia, a sample of 171 consecutively admitted insomnia patients and a sample of 171 psychotherapy patients, matched on age and gender were administered the Italian translation of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders, Version 2.0 (SCID-II). Among insomnia patients, 52.0% (n = 89) received at least one DSM-IV Axis II/DSM-5 Section II PD diagnosis according to SCID-II assessment., Results: Any PD base rate estimate in our insomnia patient sample was significantly and markedly higher than the median and mean base rate estimates for any PD in the general population. Within-group analyses showed that Narcissistic, Not otherwise specified PD, Histrionic PD, and Borderline PD represented the most frequently diagnosed-both dimensionally and categorically-DSM-IV Axis II/DSM-5 Section II PD features in our insomnia patient sample. When continuously-scored PDs were considered, insomnia patients showed a significantly lower number of Paranoid and Borderline PD features than psychotherapy patients; however, the corresponding effect size estimates suggested that these differences were modest. None of the categorically-scored PDs significantly differentiated insomnia patients from psychotherapy patients., Conclusions: As a whole, our findings seemed to suggest that personality dysfunction may play a role in insomnia, while stressing the need for a dimensional approach to the assessment of maladaptive personality traits even in insomnia patients., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 29(11) of Psychological Assessment (see record 2016-56886-001). In the article, several values were reversed and the mean was misreported in Table 2. The corrected table is present in the erratum.] Pathological narcissism represents a clinically relevant, albeit controversial personality construct, with multiple conceptualizations that are operationalized by different measures. Even in the recently published Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5), 2 different views of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) are formulated (i.e., Section II and Section III). The DSM-5 Section III alternative PD model diagnosis of NPD is based on self and interpersonal dysfunction (Criterion A) and a profile of maladaptive personality traits (Criterion B), specifically elevated scores on Attention Seeking and Grandiosity. Given the diversity of conceptualizations of pathological narcissism, we evaluated the convergences and divergences in DSM-5 trait profiles characterizing multiple measures of narcissism in a clinical sample of 278 consecutively admitted Italian psychotherapy patients. Patients were administered the Italian versions of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and 4 measures of NPD, (a) the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI); (b) the NPD scale of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+; (c) the Structured Clinical Interview for Axis II Personality Disorders, Version 2.0 (SCID-II) as an observer-rated measure of NPD; and (d) the Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI). Multiple regression analyses showed that PID-5 traits explained from 13% to more than 60% of the variance in the different NPD measures. Attention Seeking was consistently associated with all measures of NPD, whereas Grandiosity was associated with some of the NPD measures. All measures of NPD were also significantly related to additional DSM-5 maladaptive traits. (PsycINFO Database Record, ((c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).)

Miller and Lynam's (2017) commentary proved to be very helpful in clarifying that r alerting-CV and r contrast-CV coefficient values reported in our study indicated that the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) yielded a trait profile much more closely aligned with expert ratings of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition; DSM-IV) narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) than did other measures. The commentary gives us the opportunity to make it clear that our study was designed to demonstrate the clinical usefulness of Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) domain and trait scales in profiling pathological narcissism. Thus, demonstrating the superiority/inferiority of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI) over the NPI was not among the aims of our study. The publication of the commentary also gives us the opportunity to clarify the reasons why we think that the interpretation of the r alerting-CV and r contrast-CV coefficients deserves some cautions. As a final remark, we think that the time has come to move from personality disorder classifications based on "clinical wisdom" to a redefinition of personality pathology in terms of systems of traits. (PsycINFO Database Record, ((c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).)

Background: The DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) provides the opportunity to integrate the needed developmental perspective in the assessment of personality pathology. Based on this model, Krueger and colleagues (2012) developed the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), which operationalizes the proposed DSM-5 traits., Methods: Eighty-five consecutively admitted Italian adolescent inpatients were administered the Italian translation of the PID-5, in order to obtain preliminary data on PID-5 reliability and clinical usefulness in clinically referred adolescents., Results: With the possible exception of the PID-5 Suspiciousness scale, all other PID-5 scales evidenced adequate internal consistency reliability (i.e., Cronbach's α values of at least .70, most being greater than .80). Our data seemed to yield at least partial support for the construct validity of the PID-5 scales also in clinical adolescents, at least in terms of patterns of associations with dimensionally assessed DSM-5 Section II PDs that were also included in the DSM-5 AMPD (excluding Antisocial PD because of the participants' minor age). Finally, our data suggested that the clinical usefulness of the PID-5 in adolescent inpatients may extend beyond PDs to profiling adolescents at risk for life-threatening suicide attempts. In particular, PID-5 Depressivity, Anhedonia, and Submissiveness trait scales were significantly associated with adolescents' history of life-threatening suicide attempts, even after controlling for a number of other variables, including mood disorder diagnosis., Discussion: As a whole, our study may provide interesting, albeit preliminary data as to the clinical usefulness of PID-5 in the assessment of adolescent inpatients., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

To assess the psychometric properties and construct validity of the Italian translation of the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM) in adolescents, we administered the inventory to 3 independent samples of Italian high school students (Ns = 609, 618, and 1,142). Cronbach's alpha values greater than .80 were observed for the TriPM scale scores in all samples. In Sample 1, overall scores on the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory correlated substantially with TriPM total scores, r = .77, p < .001. Data from Study 1 also demonstrated adequate 3-month test-retest reliabilities for the 3 TriPM subscales. In Study 2, TriPM scores significantly predicted scores on a self-report measure of delinquent behaviors, Radjusted2 = .25, p < .001. In Study 3, five-factor domain scores showed significant relations with TriPM scale scores consistent with results reported for adults. Consistent with a hypothesized role of fearlessness in psychopathy, adolescents at high psychopathy risk (i.e., >97th percentile on the TriPM) reported lower fear in response to emotion-eliciting movie clips than low-psychopathy participants. In addition, scores on a measure of hedonistic moral tendencies discriminated between adolescents at high as opposed to low psychopathy. Similarly, scores on the Reflective Function Questionnaire for Youths were negatively correlated with TriPM scores. As a whole, our findings provide further support for the reliability and validity of the TriPM and its cross-cultural utility, and provide initial evidence of its effectiveness with community-dwelling adolescents., ((c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved.)

A number of studies have reported data suggestive of a significant association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, the nature of this relation is not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate if the relation between retrospectively assessed ADHD symptoms and adult BPD features is moderated by participants' gender and mediated by emotion dysregulation and impulsivity. Two hundred seventeen outpatients meeting DSM-IV criteria for at least one personality disorder (PD) consecutively admitted to the Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Unit of the Scientific Institute H San Raffaele of Milan, Italy, were administered Italian versions of the following instruments: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II), Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11). Moderation analyses revealed a significant association between ADHD and BPD symptoms among only female (vs. male) outpatients. Furthermore, in the female subsample, mediation analyses revealed that both impulsivity and emotion dysregulation fully mediated the relationship between retrospectively assessed ADHD symptoms and current BPD features., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)