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Low-cost simulations of reactive flows are generally hard to achieve. Accurately modeling the propagation of a flame in more than one spatial dimension during statistically significant time windows usually comprises a large range of temporal and spatial scales, which entail high computational costs. Recent machine learning developments have shown great potential in accelerating such simulations. However, purely data-driven approaches, which only make use of an artificial neural network and data, often fail to accurately simulate the evolution of the reactive flow over a sufficiently long time and in a physically consistent manner. Therefore, we propose a hybrid approach that uses a neural network model in combination with a non-reactive PDE solver that provides partial physical information. In this study, we demonstrate that results obtained from non-reactive PDEs can be efficiently corrected at every time step by a hybrid neural network PDE solver model so that the effect of the chemical reactions on the flow field is correctly accounted for. For validation purposes, the obtained simulations of the hybrid model are successfully compared against results coming from a complete set of reactive PDEs, which are inherently more expensive. We demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach on a planar and a Bunsen-type flame at various operating conditions. The hybrid neural-network PDE approach correctly models the flame evolution of the cases under study for significantly long time windows, yields improved generalization, and allows for larger simulation time steps.

For centuries, medicine has been developing, ceasing to be empirical and becoming more scientific. In this context, Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) appears to provide support and evidence for medical acts and procedures, given the infinity of information, not always reliable, existing in the context of health care. The objective of this work was to report the perceptions of three medical students at Universidade Federal da Bahia – Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, about the importance of the EBM approach during undergraduate program, supporting a high-quality medical education. The present report was based on experiences in the Current Events in Biology course, which consolidated the importance of EBM in the medical context. Based on this, it was found that the introduction of EBM at undergraduate level is essential for the training of a professional used to reliable information, favoring critical thinking in the academic and professional trajectory. Durante siglos, la medicina se ha ido desarrollando, dejó de ser empírica y se volvió cada vez más científica. En este contexto, la Medicina Basada en Evidencia (MBE) parece brindar sustento y evidencia a los actos y procedimientos médicos, dada la infinidad de información, no siempre confiable, existente en el contexto de la atención de la salud. El objetivo de este trabajo fue reportar las percepciones de tres de los estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Federal de Bahía – Instituto Multidisciplinario en Salud, respecto a la importancia del enfoque de la MBE durante los cursos de pregrado, apoyando una educación médica de calidad. El presente informe se basó en las experiencias de la disciplina Actualidades en Biología, que abordó la importancia de la MBE en el contexto médico. Con base en esto, se encontró que la implantación de la MBE a nivel de graduación es fundamental para la formación de un profesional familiarizado con información confiable, favoreciendo el pensamiento crítico en la trayectoria académica y profesional. Há séculos, a medicina vem se desenvolvendo, deixando de ser empírica e tornando-se cada vez mais científica. Nesse contexto, a Medicina Baseada em Evidências (MBE) surge para dar sustentação e comprovação para os atos e procedimentos médicos, haja vista a infinidade de informações, nem sempre confiáveis, existentes no contexto do cuidado à saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar as percepções de três acadêmicos de Medicina da Universidade Federal da Bahia – Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, sobre a importância da abordagem da MBE durante a graduação, fundamentando uma formação médica de qualidade. O presente relato baseou-se nas experiências da disciplina Atualidades em Biologia, que consolidou a importância da MBE no contexto médico. Partindo disso, constatou-se que a introdução da MBE na graduação é indispensável para a formação de um profissional familiarizado com informações confiáveis, favorecendo o pensamento crítico na trajetória acadêmica e profissional.

In this paper, we approach the recategorization of the preposition “sem”, which is configured as a conjunction, either when integrating the periphrasis “sem que”, or in the structure “sem” + verb in the infinitive, introducing adverbial clauses. We highlight the semantic-discursive fluctuation experienced by this grammatical form, advocating that, although the referred item integrates the roster of medianly grammaticalized prepositions, it is susceptible to change, exhibiting diversified semantic nuances. Taking as basis the Functionalist Theory, we inventory the semantic nuances in the clause structures present in opinion articles, editorials and interviews of weekly journals that compose the investigated corpus. From the analysis of the data, the structures to which we confer the modal value were revealed very frequent, leading us to defend that these nuances constitute a particular domain and not a broad domain, which would be diluted in the semantic relations of comparison, compliance or concession, a practice that should be reviewed by traditional grammar. Neste artigo, abordamos a recategorização da preposição “sem”, que se configura como conjunção seja quando integra a perífrase “sem que”, seja na estrutura “sem + verbo no infinitivo”, introduzindo orações adverbiais. Damos destaque à flutuação semântico-discursiva experimentada por essa forma gramatical, defendendo que, embora o referido item integre o rol das preposições medianamente gramaticalizadas, é suscetível à mudança, exibindo matizes semânticos diversos. Tomando como suporte a Teoria Funcionalista (Halliday, 1985; Hopper e Traugott, 1993; Neves, 2002; Castilho, 2010), inventariamos os matizes semânticos nas estruturas oracionais presentes em artigos de opinião, editoriais e entrevistas de periódicos semanais que compõem o corpus investigado. Da análise dos dados, revelaram-se muito frequentes as estruturas a que conferimos o valor modal, levando-nos a defender que esse matiz constitui um domínio particular e não um domínio amplo, que seria diluído nas relações semânticas de comparação, conformidade ou concessão, prática passível de revisão na abordagem das gramáticas consideradas tradicionais.

Resumo: Este trabalho enfatiza uma discussão acerca da formação do professor, no cenário educacional brasileiro, através da vertente francesa Didática Profissional, aliada à Teoria das Situações Didáticas. O contributo metodológico da pesquisa apresentou-se através da Engenharia Didática de Formação (ou Engenharia Didática de 2ª geração), criada a partir da Engenharia Didática clássica, todavia voltada exclusivamente para a observação da prática e formação docente. Trata-se de uma reunião de estudos bibliográficos, retirados de trabalhos anteriores, nos quais trataram o mesmo tema, construindo assim um conjunto de aspectos teóricos metodológicos introdutórios de uma futura pesquisa de mestrado. Nesse sentido, tem-se que a Didática Profissional engloba, nesse contexto, a análise profissional do professor, especialmente o de matemática, seja na sala de aula, na escola ou na instituição escolar, bem como suas concepções pragmáticas e epistêmicas que o acompanham ao longo do percurso profissional. Ademais, apresenta-se uma situação didática, elaborada por meio de uma questão, retirada do boletim pedagógico de avaliação de matemática do Sistema Permanente de Avaliação da Educação Básica do Ceará (SPAECE), uma vez que este trabalho pretende utilizar tal exame como parâmetro de concepção da situação didática sugerida. Por fim, explora-se os recursos do software GeoGebra para visualização e manipulação dos elementos gráficos, favorecendo uma melhor compreensão durante o processo de resolução da situação-problema proposta. Palavras-chave: Didática Profissional. Formação. Ensino. Trabalho.

Objetiva-se avaliar os registros de enfermagem acerca das reações transfusionais dos centros de terapia intensiva. Trata-se de estudo documental, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. A pesquisa foi realizada em hospital terciário, entre o período de fevereiro de 2018 a janeiro de 2019, tendo uma amostra de 194 prontuários de pacientes que foram transfundidos em 2015. Os dados foram coletados por formulário acerca do processo transfusional e analisados por software estatístico. Foram avaliados 194 prontuários, destes 173 (89,2%) continham informações sobre identificação dos pacientes, em 124 (63,9%) de registros completos sobre início e término da transfusão e 47 (24,2%) dos registros sobre possíveis reações transfusionais, entretanto 124 (63,9) estavam incompletos acerca da ocorrência de reações transfusionais. Conclui-se que os registros de enfermagem foram classificados como falhos, tendo em vista a detecção de inconsistências no preenchimento dos prontuários, sendo necessária realização de atividades de cunho educativo para corrigir eventuais falhas e melhorar a segurança do paciente.

International audience

One of the main problems of indoor plant production that especially plant researchers are confronted with, is a clear difference between plants grown under indoor versus outdoor conditions. This reduce the comparability between indoor and outdoor experiments as well as the portability of findings from indoor experiments to real world conditions (Matsubara, 2018). Poorter et al., (2016) suggested multiple reasons why this may occur, with major effects coming from lower light quantities, higher plant density and shorter experiment durations in indoor compared to outdoor experiments. Other sources of variation have been pointed out, including age of the plants, leaf temperature, soil temperature, soil microorganism, lack of UV light and the light quality in indoor experiments (e.g. Hogewoning et al., 2010 b). In general, the artificial conditions in indoor growth facilities often produce higher specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen content and relative growth rate, as well as lower maximum photosynthesis, plant height and shoot dry weight, compared with outdoor experiments (Poorter et al., 2016). Light, as one of of the principal determinants of plant growth and development, is consider an important source of deviation between indoor and outdoor conditions. For example, the effect of either light quantity or quantity has been well described in plants from different species, by Arnott and Mitchell (1982). To compensate a growth limitation in plants due a possible lack of light in greenhouse or indoor growth facilities, additional lighting is well stablished in agriculture, especially in areas at higher latitudes with year-round lower levels of natural sunlight (e.g. Grammans et al., 2018). Poorter et al., (2016) suggest that an important difference between indoor and outdoor climates for plant growth is a significant lower daily light integral (DLI) radiation in indoor facilities compared with outdoor conditions. Especially in combination with a lack of light variation along the day may lead to plant growth in indoor conditions that deviates considerable from field grown plants. It was not until the development and mass production of light emitting diodes (LED) that dynamic and specifics wavelengths changes as well as fast fluctuations of light intensity became possible to be used in indoor plant growth facilities. Previous attempts in plant biological research to recreate sun-like lighting with conventional light sources used very complex and fault-prone setups (e.g. Thiel et al., 1995) which were thus never widely used or considered for commercial plant production. With the technical improvements in controlled environment capabilities, the use of indoor cultivation systems has increased worldwide. In indoor experiments several authors have demonstrated the positive effects of incorporating closer-to-natural environmental conditions in indoor facilities (e.g. Arve et al., 2017, Kaiser et al., 2020,), what can help without adding higher levels of complexity to reach either closer to natural plant growth under indoor conditions and thereby increase the quality of food production to taste, smell and look more natural, attributes that are desired by consumers (Arve et al., 2017) Due to the high degree of absorption of blue (B) and red (R) light by chlorophyll, and the higher electric efficiency of LED in these spectral ranges (Overdieck, 1978), these two wavelength ranges tend to be dominating in commercial LED lamp systems (Fujiwara and Sawada, 2006). Many studies have investigated the responses of plants to different B to R ratios. These studies revealed that independent of the light intensity, a required minimum percentage of B is need for plant growth (e.g. Miao et al., 2016), and suggestions to reproduce near to natural plant growth by correctly adjusting the B:R ratio in LED lamps has been done (Hogewoning et al, 2010 a), however without directly comparing indoor grown plants with an outdoor control. In the vast majority of studies related to light quality effects on plants, either low light levels (Macebo et al., 2011; Hogewoning et al., 2010 a; Hernandez and Kubota, 2016; Kim et al., 2004; Schuerger et al., 1997) or much higher than natural red to far ratios have been use (e.g. Bae and Cho, 2008; Hogewoning et al., 2010 a; Hernandez and Kubota, 2016; Hernandez et al., 2016; Kim et al., 2004; Shengxin 2016; Zhen and van Iersel, 2017). However, interactions between light quantity and quality have been reported previously (Furuyama et al., 2014), and modifications of the light spectra, especially in the red to far ratio, has shown to induce more natural like plant growth (Hogewoning et al., 2010 b). This highlights the requirement of finding light spectral combinations in LED lighting that results in the most natural like plant growth in indoor facilities. One challenge is that different species might react differently do changes in the applied light spectrum. Tests for the effect of a light spectrum on plant performance should thus be done across different plant species (as in this thesis) in order to reveal general patterns as well as species-specific responses. In principal, lamps with multi-channel LEDs enable the application of lighting that can mimic close to natural light quality and intensities changes during plant cultivation in indoor growth facilities (Bula et al., 1991). However, although the newest generation of LED lighting systems are equipped with 4 or more individually controllable spectral channels, growth facilities generally do not apply dynamic and natural changes in the light spectra on a standard base. The knowledge about the changes in light quality related to the solar elevation angle, latitude, as well as the presence or absence of clouds (e.g. Smit, 1982; Goldberg et al., 1977) has been so far reported mainly from an atmosphere-physical point of view, and has not been transferred to actual lighting systems used for plant culture in greenhouses or growth chambers. Additionally, it has been shown that light quality effects on plants can interact with other environmental factors, like temperature (e.g. Chiang et al., 2018). This highlights the importance of understanding the role of the light quality variation on plant development, especially in order to correctly predict the effect of climate crisis on plants from indoor experiments. Although it is known that the fluctuation of environmental factors has an effect on plant phenology and development, it is common practice to apply static environmental conditions in indoor experiments. Fixed day and night time climates may be oversimplified reductions of natural conditions and may lead to plant growth significantly deviating from field grown plants (Poorter et al., 2016). Especially, it is well-known that random and daily fluctuations of temperature and light, can affect plant performance in both positive and negative ways (e.g. Myster and Moe,1995; Kaiser et al., 2015; Kaiser et al., 2018). Several studies have measured the effect of light or temperature variations on plant performance under semi-controlled and controlled conditions, but again, simultaneous comparisons with outdoor grown plants are rare in the literature and normally just Arabidopsis thaliana has been used (e.g. Vialet-Chabrand et al., 2017; Annunziata et al., 2017; Annunziata et al., 2018). Nevertheless, from these studies it could be derived that changes in light quantity along the day may induce lower biomass but also higher maxium photosynthesis, especially per unit of leaf mass (Vialet-Chabrand et al., 2017), even though fast fluctuations in light intensity have been shown to reduce photosynthesis and productivity in the long term (Kaiser et al., 2018). Additionally, these studies have shown more evidence of the difference of plants grown under totally fixed climatic conditions compared with semi-controlled environments (i.e. greenhouses), highlighting the necessity of a better knowledge for a minimum requirement of environmental fluctuations for natural like growth in indoor experiments. To investigate more closer the potential causes for the differences in plant performance between indoor and outdoor plant experiments, and to enable more natural-like plant growth in indoor facilities, a joint project had been stablish between the University of Basel (Basel, Switzerland) and Heliospectra A.B. (Gothenburg, Sweden) within the research consortia PlantHUB (European industrial doctoral programme (EID) funded by the H2020 PROGRAMME Marie Curie Actions- People), coordinated and managed by the Zurich-Basel plant science center. The project consisted of 18 months of basic research at the University of Basel, followed by 18 months of applied research, software development and documentation at Heliospectra A.B. As a result of this collaboration, the present thesis aims to identify how climatic conditions (especially, light quality and fluctuation of light intensity, temperature and air humidity) need to be adjusted in growth chambers in order to reach the most natural like plant growth under indoor conditions. To avoid documentation about only species-specific reactions, several species from different functional plant types were always used. The work on this thesis was divided in 5 main modules that aimed to: 1) Understand and quantify the natural light quality changes along the day and along a whole season, assess the effect of cloudiness on the natural light spectrum, and correlated these findings to previous studies on light quality effects in trees (Chapter 1) 2) Investigate which light spectral combination of LED-lights can induce the most natural-like growth in plants grown in indoor chambers with constant climatic conditions (Chapter 2) 3) Identify the minimal degree of environmental fluctuations (of light, temperature and air humidity) necessary to reach natural-like growth in indoor grown plants (Chapter 3) 4) Understand the effect of asynchrony environmental fluctuations in indoor growth chambers, were potential interaction and/or synergies may occur depending of the degree of variability of each environmental variable (Chapter 4) 5) Test possible applications of light fluctuations to improve crop quality and develop software applications for optimized light control of multi-wavelengths LED assimilation lamps (Chapter 5 and Appendix)