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Background: Firearm suicide is a leading cause of death in the United States. Suicide prevention experts have advocated for upstream interventions that can be implemented prior to the development of suicidal thoughts, particularly those that focus on lethal means safety (LMS; e.g., increasing secure firearm storage). To reach firearm owners with LMS messaging, researchers have developed suicide prevention training content which can be incorporated into firearm training courses. However, no study to date has evaluated impact of such training on firearm course students' subsequent knowledge, attitudes, and openness related to secure firearm storage. Thus, the current study sought to examine both the feasibility and acceptability of a LMS-focused suicide prevention training module among firearm course students, as well as the impact of this module on students' secure firearm storage-related knowledge, attitudes, and openness. Methods: Firearm instructors (N = 6) and students in firearm classes (N = 83) were recruited to participate. Students were invited to complete voluntary, anonymous pre- and post-surveys during courses they attended that were led by these instructors. Instructors and students were also invited to complete a brief qualitative interview. Results: Results indicated that firearm instructors and students in firearm courses found the module feasible and acceptable. Additionally, students' knowledge about the relationship between firearms and suicide, openness to changing firearm storage practices, and endorsement of the importance of discussing firearms and suicide with fellow firearm owners, as well as willingness and confidence to do so, all significantly increased after viewing the module. Conclusions: These findings provide strong support for the use of such culturally competent LMS messaging as upstream suicide prevention in settings such as concealed carry courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inquiry-based learning, an educational approach that is gaining international recognition, emphasizes active engagement and deeper understanding. Despite its benefits, integrating information and communication technology (ICT) into inquiry-based learning remains a challenge, often hindered by factors such as teachers’ confidence in ICT use and organizational support. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the utilization of ICT in inquiry-based learning and various factors including ICT self-efficacy, lack of ICT resources at school, teachers’ collaboration in using ICT, and self-efficacy for teamwork. A web questionnaire was administered to 324 full-time elementary school teachers in Japan, assessing their perceptions of ICT use in inquiry-based learning, ICT self-efficacy, collaboration, teamwork self-efficacy, and school ICT resources. Statistical analyses, including exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression, were employed to examine the relationships between variables. The findings revealed significant positive associations between ICT use in inquiry-based learning and ICT self-efficacy for instructional purposes, teachers’ collaboration in using ICT, and self-efficacy for teamwork. However, the relationship with the lack of ICT resources at school was not statistically significant. These results underscore the importance of fostering teachers’ self-efficacy and promoting collaborative practices to enhance ICT use in inquiry-based learning. Furthermore, the study highlights the need for ongoing support and resources to facilitate the effective utilization of ICT in educational settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the effectiveness of a counselling program in reducing the death anxiety and improving self-efficacy among a sample of female middle-aged teachers recovered from COVID-19 virus in Jordan. The latter program is based on cognitive behavioural therapy. The sample consists from 22 female middle-aged teachers recovered from COVID-19 virus. The ages of those children range between 35 and 50 years. The study was carried out during the year 2020–2021. The chosen teachers were divided into two groups randomly (i.e. control and experimental groups). The experimental group consists from 11 teachers who were enrolled in the proposed counselling program that is based on cognitive behavioural therapy. This program consists from 16 sessions. The control group consists from 11 teachers who were not enrolled in the proposed counselling program. The death anxiety and self-efficacy scales were used before and after implementing the program. They were used after 4 weeks since the date of finishing the implementation of the program. The researchers found that there are significant differences – at the significance level of (a ≤ 0.05) – between the control and experimental groups in terms of the death anxiety and self-efficacy levels for the favour of the experimental group. The researchers found that there is a need to use this program due to the impact of this program on the experimental group after 1 month since the date of finishing the implementation of the program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moderate physical activity is related to reduced mortality in hemodialysis patients. However, most hemodialysis patients have low physical activity levels for complex reasons. This study investigated the determinants of moderate‐to‐high physical activity levels and whether psychosocial correlates are associated with engagement in moderate‐to‐high physical activity among hemodialysis patients. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted with 134 hemodialysis outpatients, aged 64.7 years, in three hemodialysis centers in Taiwan. Data on sociodemographics, comorbidities, lifestyles, and psychosocial correlates, including perceived benefits, barriers, and self‐efficacy of physical activity, were collected. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Results showed that patients with moderate‐to‐high physical activity levels constituted a significantly lower proportion of current smokers and had fewer perceived physical activity barriers and higher self‐efficacy of physical activity compared with those with low levels. After adjusting for potential sociodemographic covariates, current employment, nonsmoking status, and high self‐efficacy of physical activity were significantly associated with moderate‐to‐high physical activity levels. Developing strategies to improve the self‐efficacy of physical activity, support employment, and enhance anti‐smoking campaigns in hemodialysis patients can help them engage in moderate‐to‐high levels of physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research investigated the influences of international students' perceived online learning environments, self-efficacy, and online interaction on their online learning achievement, as measured by these students' self-reported development of generic skills, research capacities, and Chinese proficiency and global abilities. Data were generated by a nationwide survey involving 1,010 international students across disciplines at 41 universities in China. The SEM analysis showed that among all factors directly and positively supporting international students' learning achievement, the two online environmental factors, i.e. accessibility to online learning resources and opportunities for knowledge acquisition, presented the strongest effects. The mediation analysis showed that through interaction, environmental interactivity had significant and positive indirect influences on learning achievement; and through self-efficacy, knowledge acquisition had significant and positive indirect influences on learning achievement. The SEM analysis also revealed a significant negative influence of environmental flexibility on international students' generic skill development. Possible explanations for the results were proposed. Implications of the results were discussed to support the sustainable development of online international education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, few online game-based learning studies have focused on developing children's growth creativity mindset (growth CM). This study, therefore, aimed to develop a game-based learning system to help children develop their growth CM. Additionally, we investigated the relationship between growth CM, hope belief, and creativity self-efficacy after game-based learning. Participants consisted of 132 fourth and fifth graders. With a pretest-posttest control group design, the experimental group completed a four-week intervention, whereas the control group received regular computer classes. Four types of creativity mindsets were identified: growth-internal, growth-external, fixed-internal, and fixed-external. The findings suggest that it is easier to overcome fixed CM than to enhance growth CM through game-based learning. Moreover, growth CM contributes to the development of hope belief and creativity self-efficacy, whereas fixed CM undermines hope belief and creativity self-efficacy in a game-based environment. Finally, hope belief is a mediator between growth CM and creativity self-efficacy. The findings of this study have implications for the design of a game-based learning system used to enhance growth CM, hope belief, and creativity self-efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to reveal the effectiveness of a counseling program based on reality counseling theory in reducing learned helplessness and its impact on self-efficacy among a sample of female students at King Abdulaziz University, as well as identifying the nature of the differences between the average scores of the experimental group members after applying the program after a month (period). Follow-up) on the learned helplessness scale (dimensions and total score), as well as identifying the nature of the differences between the average scores of the experimental group members before and after applying the program on the self-efficacy scale (dimensions and total score). The study relied on a quasi-experimental approach and was applied to a stratified random sample of colleges. After that, (40) female students were selected who obtained the highest scores on the learned helplessness scale. The sample was divided into two equal groups (experimental and control), and the results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences between the average scores of the female students of the experimental group and the female students of the control group in learned helplessness after applying the program, and there were statistically significant differences between the average scores of the female students of the experimental group before applying the counseling program. And after that in the level of self-efficacy, there are no statistically significant differences between the average scores of the female students of the experimental group after applying the program and after a month (follow-up period) on the learned helplessness scale (dimensions and total score). The study recommended not to rush to judge female students in general and call them negligent and negligent without knowing the details of the circumstances they are going through, and to urge and encourage female students to constantly participate actively in lectures by asking questions, discussing, and participating in solving exercises within the lecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite decades of research efforts, data-based instruction (DBI) for students with intensive intervention needs are not being widely used in practice as anticipated, and many educators have difficulties in implementing it. This systematic review aimed to examine what kinds of implementation drivers and strategies have been used to support educators implementing DBI and what kinds of implementation outcomes researchers have measured. Eighteen studies were synthesized using the Implementation Drivers framework and Implementation Outcomes taxonomy and were quality appraised. We found that the majority of studies primarily used competency drivers to increase teachers' DBI expertise, while a limited number of studies focused on organizational and leadership drivers. Acceptability and fidelity were frequently assessed as implementation outcomes. We discussed the implications of the findings, including the need for researchers to incorporate implementation drivers and outcomes at diverse levels to best support educators' implementation of DBI, as well as the limitations of this review, such as the limited generalizability of the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the relationship between structural empowerment and affective commitment, mediated by work engagement, in frontline social workers in Spain. Based on two samples (240 participants from public agencies and 226 participants from private agencies) and using linear regression models (bootstrapping method), our results showed two effects in the relationship between structural empowerment and organizational commitment: a direct effect fostering experiences of power and an indirect effect by increasing engagement at work. Empowering human resources management (HRM) practices (access to opportunities, information, resources, and support) is a useful tool for managers and administrators, with strong benefits for both social workers and agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Advance care planning (ACP) is an integral part of good quality end-of-life care. This study aimed to explore the role and practice of ACP among health and social care professionals (HSCPs) in a community long-term care facility. Methods: This was a mixed-methods study. The study purposefully sampled 12 HSCPs from one community long-term care facility in Macao, China. All data were collected in November 2022. Results: Some participants had discussed with terminally ill residents or with families in terms of end-of-life care preferences, the average correct rate of ACP knowledge was 67.4%. Interview data showed that HSCPs were primarily concerned with information-giving. The responsibility of decision-making was found to have been placed predominantly on family members of the residents. Conclusion: Study findings raised awareness in that the execution of ACP has remained in discord with the expectations in practicing ACP. The study illuminated that the perceived sense of responsibility among HSCPs was influenced by the potential legal risks involved and consequentially impacted on the adherence to individual's decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many autistic youths experience restricted school participation. The present study investigated the influences of youth, family and school factors on autistic youths' school participation. Parents of 200 Dutch autistic youths (age range: 4–16 years, Mage = 12.23 years, SDage = 2.93 years) filled in questionnaires in a national survey for autistic individuals, reporting the school participation, age and autistic traits of their child, parents' education level and self-efficacy for supporting their child's schoolwork, and the impact of problems their child experienced with the physical and social environments of the school. Multivariate linear regression analysis using imputed data revealed that among the six predictor variables, only the impact of problems autistic youths experienced with the physical environment of school was negatively associated with their school participation. This study provided support for the essential role of the school environment in predicting autistic youths' school participation, indicating that problematic aspects in the school environment could have a greater impact on autistic youths' school participation than youth factors or family factors. This highlights the need to create a more accommodating environment at school, where autistic youths can participate easily and comfortably. School-aged youths have a basic human right to participate in educational and recreational activities at school. Yet, autistic youths are at high risk of being excluded from school and from school-based activities. It is important to understand how this occurs, to ensure that all autistic youths have opportunities to participate in school activities that are equal to the opportunities of their non-autistic peers. The present study investigated multiple influences on the school participation of autistic youths, including youth factors (age and autistic traits), family factors (parent education level and parental self-efficacy for supporting their child's schoolwork) and school factors (the impact of problems autistic youths experienced with the physical and social environments of school). Using an online survey, we gathered the views and experiences of the parents of 200 autistic youths aged between 4 and 16 years, in the Netherlands. We found that among the factors, only the impact of problems that autistic youths experienced with the physical environment of school was associated with their school participation. In particular, autistic youths who experienced greater difficulties with the physical environment of school had lower levels of school participation. Our findings highlight the pressing need to modify school environments to better accommodate the needs of autistic youths so that they can participate easily and comfortably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the case study of Canada's private refugee sponsorship program, we show how neoliberalization heightens the power of non-immigrant civilians to broker immigrants' transnationalism. Private sponsors respond differently to two common and interrelated forms of refugee transnationalism in which they are structurally empowered to intervene. They encourage family reunification while discouraging remittances, although the former often depends on the fulfillment of the latter. Reflecting on these power imbalances, we classify private refugee sponsorship as part of a North American trend to devolve the management of noncitizens from state actors to ordinary citizens. We conclude by encouraging scholars of transnationalism to look down and investigate how non-immigrant private civilians in receiving countries increasingly shape newcomers' cross-border linkages. We also urge them to look up and attend to the broader neoliberal context empowering and structuring the behavior of citizen brokers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family-based treatment (FBT) is a first-line treatment for adolescents with eating disorders (ED's) for which weight gain early in treatment and caregiver empowerment are predictive of success. A variety of dietary interventions are used in practice, but little is known about their effectiveness. We compared clinical outcomes of patients (N = 100) undergoing eating disorder treatment, and user experience across two virtually delivered interventions: (1) Daily calorie target and (2) Plate-by-Plate™ approach. The calorie group gained more weight on average, though the difference was small (β = 1.62 [−0.02, 3.26]). Participants in both groups improve their eating disorder symptoms at roughly the same rate (β = 0.09 [−0.83, 1.04]). Caregivers in the Plate-by-Plate group increased confidence at a slower rate (β = 0.05 [−0.002, 0.09]). Caregivers rated the daily calorie target as more effective (β = 2.18 [0.94, 3.6]), and rated the two approaches equally for ease of use (β = -0.73 [−1.92, 0.48]). The daily calorie target approach was rated as more effective and was preferred overall by caregivers and dietitians. Findings challenge long-standing assumptions underlying FBT and suggest that clinicians should consider using a calorie framework with caregivers to guide renourishment efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Determining the self-efficacy perceptions of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients has a key role in health care practices. With further evaluation, the Self-Efficacy Measure for Sleep Apnea (SEMSA) could serve as a useful scale to develop specific interventions to increase self-efficacy in patients with OSA during the acceptance and maintenance of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Objective: The aim of this study is to translate the SEMSA into Turkish and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the translation. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of patients recently diagnosed with CPAP-naïve OSA. Linguistic and content validity of the scale were evaluated, while exploratory factor analysis and 2-level confirmatory factor analysis were used for validity. Internal consistency and test-retest methods were used in reliability analyses. Results: The mean (SD) age of the patients with OSA was 51.36 (11.29), and 68% were male. The item factor loads obtained as a result of the confirmatory factor analysis ranged from 0.44 to 0.94, confirming the three-factor structure of the instrument. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.90. Measurements made within the scope of test-retest analysis were found to be related and consistent results were obtained in the intervening time (P <.01). Conclusions: In this study, the Turkish version of SEMSA was found to be a valid and reliable tool and it could be used to evaluate the adherence-related cognition in Turkish patients with OSA on CPAP therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes complications are prevalent in people with diabetes, causing considerable individual suffering and increased health costs. However, the relationships of multidimensional, modifiable, and nonmodifiable factors to diabetes complications and the role of diabetes distress have been rarely examined. Objective: The aims of this study were to examine the associations of age, sex, knowledge, self-efficacy, self-compassion, resilience, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, diabetes distress, social support, and body mass index with diabetes complications and to investigate the mediating role of diabetes distress. Methods: In this cross-sectional, correlational study, data on all study variables were collected from 148 people with diabetes through REDCap in 2023. Multiple regression analysis and the PROCESS macro for SPSS were used to address the aims. Results: Older age and higher levels of diabetes distress were associated with more diabetes complications. Depressive symptoms were associated with diabetes distress; and diabetes distress, but not depressive symptoms, was associated with diabetes complications, controlling for all other variables. Conclusions: Depressive symptoms and diabetes distress were directly or indirectly associated with diabetes complications, and diabetes distress was a mediator in the relationship between depressive symptoms and diabetes complications. Health care providers can target reduction of depressive symptoms and diabetes distress to reduce diabetes complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scoping review aims to describe the range of research studies using arts-based data collection methods with immigrant and racialized older adults. A secondary aim is to identify challenges and strengths of using these approaches with this population. This review uses Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage scoping review framework with a final number of 16 references included for the study. Enhanced social connectedness, increased transparency and quality of findings, and self-empowerment were key strengths of using arts-based approaches for data collection. Challenges identified included resource limitations, cultural and language barriers, and barriers to meaningful engagement. Only a small number of studies have utilized arts-based methods with immigrant and racialized older adults. Arts-based approaches require unique methodological adaptations with this population but have the potential to increase engagement in research activities, authenticity of research findings and empowerment of older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological distress in women represents a critical aspect; however, few studies have comprehensively addressed how health management strategies, consideration of future consequences (CFC), cognitive reappropriation, and self-efficacy may influence this phenomenon, especially in contexts that require a comprehensive approach to women's mental health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of future consequence consideration, cognitive reappraisal, and self-efficacy in health management on psychological distress in American women, as well as to demonstrate their equivalence according to age. Data from 2788 women responding to the 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey 5, cycle 3 were used. A predictive model was considered using structural equation modeling (SEM). Cognitive reappraisal and self-efficacy in health management (SEHM) have a significant mediating effect between CFC and psychological distress. In addition, the invariance of the SEM model was presented as a function of age. The findings underscore the importance of incorporating cognitive components into mental health interventions for women, focusing on modifying thoughts and perceptions about the efficacy of health care to mitigate negative emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing sound evidence of program effectiveness can be difficult for many programs initiated by schools and communities, and impedes many beneficial programs from broader dissemination. This paper shares results of an evaluation approach used with a bullying and victimization prevention program with elementary school children called the radKIDS® Personal Empowerment and Safety Education Program. The purpose of this study was to examine indicators of initial effectiveness of the radKIDS® program for elementary school child safety skill development and instructor training to reduce child victimization and associated trauma and empower healthy psychosocial child development. The study involved 330 active radKIDS® instructors surveyed during two separate two-week periods, resulting in 148 completed questionnaires (45%). Instructors rated their perceptions of what children effectively learned in radKIDS®, the effectiveness of instructor training, and on Social Emotional Learning (SEL) competencies addressed in the program. Evaluation findings confirmed the theoretical model of the program, and that the developmental safety domains impacting children in radKIDS® differs from those in other bullying prevention interventions focused on SEL and other competencies. Recommended areas of improvement for the program included making training less time consuming and more flexible in delivery, provide more practice opportunities and time on skill acquisition during training, and increase supervision and guidance during program implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, a pivotal challenge in safeguarding mental health and ensuring worker safety has been the focus on identifying and empowering protective factors while addressing psychosocial risk factors in response to the stresses encountered in daily life. Coping strategies have emerged as a central point in this context. The development and validation of a scale measuring coping strategies during particularly risky situations, such as those experienced by certain professions during the pandemic, could represent a significant step toward a deeper understanding of the mechanisms governing the utilization of coping strategies. The study was conducted on a sample of 872 individuals (398 men, 474 women) recruited toward the end of the pandemic, primarily involving workers who found themselves managing risky situations. The results, revealed a four-factor first-order structure and two second-order factors, indicating distinct dimensions of coping strategies employed by individuals when facing negative life events perceived as high-risk. Additional validation included a gender invariance analysis, confirming the scale was similarly perceived by both genders. Convergent validity was assessed by correlating the CORE's (Coping Orientations to Risky Events) subscales and higher-order factors with the Brief COPE scale's approach and avoidance coping components, ensuring they measured the same constructs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on Barbara H. Wayne's examination of David Shapiro's insights into defense mechanisms and their impact on personal agency and responsibility. Topics include the dynamics of self-deception in therapy and the limitations on agency experienced by patients, the distinction between internal and external sources of danger influencing defensive behaviors, and the role of power dynamics in therapeutic relationships and societal structures that affect perceptions of danger.

This article explores Goa-Gunggari-Wakka Wakka Murri artist Leah Purcell's recent multigenre project, "The Legend of Molly Johnson". Beginning as an adaptation of Henry Lawson's "The Drover's Wife", the project fundamentally defamiliarises and subverts Lawson's story from the standpoint of an Aboriginal woman. Evolving across different genres—from play to novel and film—Purcell's project is a unique case of adaptation, identity-making and transmedia world-building. This article considers Purcell's adaptations as a form of franchise storytelling, and central to her cultural and political interventions is the figure of Molly Johnson. As an iconic Aboriginal heroine, Molly is empowered by her deep connection with Country and her role as a mother. Central to the narrative is the theme of maternalism, which allows Purcell to weave her personal experiences and family history into the character of Molly, who encapsulates the strength and resilience of generations of Aboriginal women. Purcell's "Drover's Wife" project also mounts an intersectional critique of mainstream White feminism through the juxtaposition of Molly and Louisa Clintoff, a character introduced in the novel and film versions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In competitive sport environments, coaches and sport psychology practitioners work to optimize individual and team performance. One strategy identified as a key to optimal sport performance is athlete self-awareness. This study evaluated the efficacy of a novel, online post-event reflection (PER) tool. Using a mixed methods design, 22 members of a competitive women's ice hockey team completed the PER across one season. The PER demonstrated efficacy through tailored insight used as a basis for athlete discussions, complementing other performance-related feedback. Follow-up interviews with three team members and the head coach provided additional support for the efficacy of the PER. Lay summary: In competitive sport environments, coaches and sport psychology practitioners work to optimize individual and team performance. This study provides evidence to support the use a novel, online post-event reflection tool by athletes, coaches, and sport psychology practitioners to enhance athlete self-awareness of mental skills and performance. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: When striving to optimize performance, coaches and sport psychology practitioners should consider strategies to enhance athlete self-awareness The post event reflection (PER) tool is an effective online tool for athletes, coaches, and sport psychology practitioners to enhance athlete self-awareness of mental skills and performance The PER is also a valuable diagnostic tool for coaches and sport psychology practitioners to identify individual athlete and team patterns in mental skills and performance [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social support and empowerment are central to health and wellbeing. Besides, social support is often the primary means to help students improve their mental health and accomplish empowerment. However, military academies are an atypical form of tertiary education. Is social support still beneficial for military cadets to accomplish empowerment? Or does empowerment influence the extent of social support a person receives? This study sought to examine the reciprocal relationships between social support and empowerment in military academies, as well as to examine the sex differences in this model. A longitudinal panel survey of military cadets was carried out from the years 2019 to 2021. A crosslagged path model design was used on a sample of military cadets (N = 898) measured on three occasions one year apart. The results suggested that no cross-lagged associations between social support and empowerment. The three-year panel data consistently showed that social support does not enhance military cadets' empowerment, whereas empowerment significantly influences their perceived social support. Furthermore, there were no sex differences in this model. Finally, the findings informed practitioners and future research could be pay attention to the particularity in military settings, in order to provide adequate interventions and services for military cadets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: EmployeeWhole Health (EWH) empowers VA employees to take charge of their well-being by integrating self-care into their workday, but employees lack time to participate. Methods: Employees at three VA medical centers participated in a 12-month feasibility cohort study to protect 60 minutes of time per week for self-care. Questionnaire data were collected at three time points and qualitative data at two time points. Pilot offerings included education and complementary and integrative health modalities for well-being. Results: Employees enrolled spring 2021 (n = 312). Complete-case regression analyses indicated significant improvements in wellness culture, resiliency, self-efficacy, perceived stress, and flourishing at 12 months. Multiple imputation analyses confirmed improvements except for self-efficacy. Qualitative findings supported quantitative findings. Conclusions: Providing protected time for selfcare was feasible and supported improvements in well-being. However, high workload was identified as an ongoing barrier to participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patient online access to medical records is assumed to foster patient empowerment and advance patient-centred healthcare. Since July 2020, patients in the Netherlands have been legally entitled to electronically access their medical record in general practice. Experience from pioneering countries has shown that despite high patient interest, user rates often remain low. How to best support implementation depends on individual needs and expectations of patient populations, which are as yet unknown in the Dutch context. Objective: To understand Dutch patients' needs and expectations with regard to online access to their medical record in general practice. Method: Twenty participants completed semi-structured individual interviews via video or telephone call. Transcripts of interviews underwent template analysis combining deductive and inductive coding using Atlas.ti software. Results: Patients' needs and expectations ranged across three overlapping areas: (i) prerequisites for getting online access; (ii) using online access; and (iii) the impact on interaction with healthcare providers. Patients expected benefits from online access such as better overview, empowerment and improved communication with their general practitioner but identified needs regarding technological difficulties, data privacy and complex medical language in their record. Conclusion: The concerns and obstacles participants identified point towards the need for organisational changes in general practice, for example, adjusted documentation practices, and the key role of the general practitioner and staff in promoting and facilitating online access. Implications: Implementation strategies addressing needs identified in this study may help to unlock the full potential of online access to achieve desired outcomes of patient involvement and satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most introductory biology laboratories are taught using direct instruction. An alternative to the direct instruction laboratory course is the Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE). CURE courses have been reported to positively impact undergraduate students, increasing self-efficacy, enhancing science identity, improving preparation and persistence for STEM careers, and increasing inclusion of underrepresented minorities in undergraduate research. While there are several affective benefits of CUREs, our literature review reveals an absence of studies assessing pre-health students' science identity, self-efficacy, and perceptions after participating in a community-engaged CURE laboratory. We found that students agreed that their community-engaged laboratory course had CURE design features, Discovery and Relevance had the highest rating. Overall, our results indicate that self-efficacy improved from the beginning to the end of the semester. Students in the community-engaged CURE showed gains in science identity. Understanding student affective domain is critical for improving student learning in gateway biology laboratory courses since they play very important roles in determining whether students can complete their degrees in the STEM fields. Future research should examine the relationships between self-efficacy, science identity, student perceptions of the community-engaged CURE laboratories, and gender, major, and race/ethnicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The One-Minute Preceptor (OMP) model to teach diagnostic reasoning and Reporter, Interpreter, Manager, and Educator (RIME) framework to measure progress are used in physician training. Little is known about the use of these tools in nurse practitioner (NP) training. Local problem: Precepting NP trainees at the Veterans Affairs (VA) is not standardized. A standardized approach to precepting NP residency trainees using the OMP model and RIME scoring was evaluated for improvement and helpfulness. Methods: A quality-improvement project with two Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles were conducted over a 12-week period. Mean RIME scores, preceptor self-efficacy, and use of teaching skills were measured preintervention and postintervention. Data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test and descriptive statistics. Interventions: A convenience sample of preceptors and trainees was recruited from a large VA medical center. A 1-hour workshop educated preceptors with role playing and return demonstrations on OMP techniques and RIME scoring. The teachings were applied to standardize precepting and assess diagnostic reasoning. Trainee self-scoring and results triggered conversations to fulfil the identified gaps. Results: Mean RIME scores improved (1.62 [0.17] vs. 2.23 [0.38], p < .001) post 12-week intervention. Mean RIME scores improved between PDSA cycle 1 and cycle 2 (2.07 [0.25] vs. 2.48 [0.39], p < .001). Preceptors (91%) and trainees (100%) found the OMP model and RIME framework helpful. Conclusion: Use of the OMP improved diagnostic reasoning in NP trainees. The OMP and RIME framework provided standardization of precepting and trainee discussions on improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empowering Indigenous youth in their communities and within their own social-cultural contexts is an essential approach to developing their capacity as community advocators. We adapted an established youth empowerment programme for use among 51 Indigenous New Zealand youth. The key learnings of the programme reported: (a) youth highly rated their understanding and confidence across various social-health contexts based on the programmes' stance of developing the youths' knowledge and social change in understanding their own health and well-being as community catalysts; and (b) incorporating Māori (Indigenous people of New Zealand) worldview to their understandings of mental wellness was important because it enabled youth to understand mental health issues in a culturally relevant and safe way, this was positively compounded by having a strong identity as Māori. This study adds to a small body of literature on the use of empowerment programmes for improving the health and well-being of Indigenous youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to explore the relationship between social support and perceived stress, considering self-efficacy as a mediator, in caregivers of older adult hemodialysis patients. This descriptive, cross-sectional study involved 252 primary caregivers of older patients. Participants were selected through a convenience sampling method from dialysis centers in Qazvin province, Iran. Data were collected using demographic checklists, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, general self-efficacy, and Cohen's Perceived Stress questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using multivariable regression models. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was run to determine the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between social support and perceived stress. The mean age of caregivers who participated in the study was 44.9 ± 13.16 years. Most were women (144; 57.10%) and married (200; 79.4%). The results of the regression model showed a significant association between perceived stress and both social support [β (SE): -0.24(0.07), p < 0.001] and self-efficacy [β(SE): -0.58(0.06), p < 0.001]. The results also confirmed the mediating role of self-efficacy in the association between social support and perceived stress (p < 0.001). The results of the present study showed a significant and negative association between social support and perceived stress with self-efficacy as a mediator among caregivers of older patients under hemodialysis. Greater attention should be given to promoting caregivers' self-efficacy to reduce their perceived stress. Key Message: • The findings from this research contribute to our understanding of perceived stress among caregivers of older patients under hemodialysis. • Improving caregivers' social support and self-efficacy is related to reduce caregiver stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid pace of ageing raises concerns regarding financial security, health and long-term care and place for older people to live as they age. This paper examined the factors associated with preference to age in place (AIP) among 2231 respondents aged 60 and older from the Malaysia Ageing and Retirement Survey (MARS). The Categorical Principal Component Analysis (CATPCA) was utilized to identify variables that represent family supports, social connectedness and social participation. 75% of the respondents indicated that they would like to age in place with the binary logistic regression showing a greater likelihood among respondents with strong family and social connectedness, having a spouse, being non-Chinese and being in a good health condition. Urban respondents, with a high individual capacity and social participation, are less likely to age in place. There is a need to strengthen the family institutions and communities, providing incentives and support to promote ageing in place and empower them to remain sustainable for future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although parents have been shown to be key to children's motivation and learning, little is known regarding the specific ways in which parents might influence their children's academic outcomes. The present study aimed to explore the direct effect of parents' failure beliefs on children's math achievement as well as the mediating effects of children's math self-efficacy, responses to failure and intelligence mindset in this context. The participants included 451 Chinese fifth-grade children and their parents. The results of this research revealed that (a) parents' failure beliefs were directly and positively associated with children's math achievement; (b) parents' failure beliefs affected children's math achievement through the chain mediating effects of children's responses to failure and math self-efficacy as well as the chain mediating effects of children's failure beliefs and intelligence mindset; and (c) children's responses to failure played fully mediating roles in the relationship between parents' failure beliefs and children's intelligence mindset as well as in the relationship between parents' failure beliefs and children's math self-efficacy. All of these findings can guide parents in their attempts to support their children's education most effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the role of reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) in statistics education among two distinct samples of undergraduate psychology students. In Study 1, 318 students in a third-year statistics course completed self-report measures of RST, anxiety, attitudes, and self-efficacy concerning the study of statistics. In Study 2, 577 students from first-, second-, and third-year statistics courses participated. Controlling for age and gender, both studies found students who were high in goal-drive persistence reported lower statistics anxiety, higher statistics self-efficacy and more favourable attitudes toward learning statistics, while students who were high in the tendency to avoid threat reported higher statistics anxiety. Those with a more sensitive behavioural inhibition system reported greater statistics anxiety and less favourable attitudes, in Study 2 but not Study 1. Results indicate that RST dimensions account for as much as 23% of additional variance in statistics anxiety, 18% in statistics self-efficacy, and 11% in attitudes, after controlling for age and gender. These studies highlight the utility of RST dimensions, notably goal-drive persistence, threat sensitivity, and behavioural inhibition, in providing critical information as to personality differences among students that need to be considered when developing programs targeting statistics anxiety, attitudes, and self-efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have revealed the benefits of parents' reading-related activities that support children's cognitive development. However, little is known about the reading-related achievement emotions that are essential for self-confidence and well-being as a reader. To advance research in this important area of achievement emotions, it is critical to focus on the impact of parents' reading-related activities on reading-related achievement emotions pertaining to enjoyment and boredom and their internal mechanisms. Based on the control-value theory of achievement emotions, we investigated 12,322 Chinese students through a national reading program. Results indicated that parents' reading-related activities positively predicted reading enjoyment but negatively predicted reading boredom through the mediators of self-educational expectation and reading self-efficacy after controlling for gender, age, and SES. This study highlights the values of parent–child shared reading, makes a unique contribution to the field of achievement emotions, and explains how self-educational expectation and reading self-efficacy mediate this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the mediating role that implicit theories of intelligence and academic self-efficacy may play in the relationship between psychopathology and mathematical performance. The sample consisted of 838 students from first and second year of high school. A numerical calculation test was applied, followed by psychopathology self-report scales, implicit theories of intelligence, and academic self-efficacy. Serial multiple mediation models were tested. The results showed a complete mediation of the effect of psychopathology on mathematical performance through implicit theories of intelligence and academic self-efficacy. The effect of entity theories of intelligence on mathematical performance was both direct and through academic self-efficacy, whereas the effect of incremental theories of intelligence was only through academic self-efficacy. Identifying the variables that mediate the relationship in question is crucial to develop targeted interventions to prevent the development of a vicious circle between psychopathology and poor school performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black women embody self-determination and strength to overcome intersecting racism and sexism. This notion of strength has been operationalized as the Strong Black Woman (SBW) schema, and growing research on this schema has been mixed. Quantitative findings have largely connected this schema to negative health outcomes whereas qualitative work has revealed positive benefits of this schema. To further understand the complexity of this schema, we drew from a positive psychology framework to examine how this schema related to resilience, self-efficacy, and flourishing. Correlation and linear regression analyses were performed with data from 178 young adult Black women (Mage = 20.48, SD = 1.38) who were recruited from a Historically Black College in the Southeastern region of the United States. Regression findings revealed that some characteristics (e.g., obligation to manifest strength, intense motivation to succeed) were positively associated with resilience, self-efficacy, and flourishing whereas others (e.g., extraordinary caregiving, emotional suppression) were negatively associated with these outcomes. Our results further complicate the role of the SBW schema in the lives of Black women and support the need for continued research on this topic. Public Health Statement: Many Black women are socialized to be strong and tenacious in the face of hardship. This study examined if being strong contributed to positive outcomes, like resilience, self-efficacy, and flourishing in a sample of college-aged Black women. We found that although some dimensions of strength were positively associated with resilience, self-efficacy, and flourishing, most dimensions were either not associated with these outcomes or were related to lower levels of these outcomes. These findings can inform new prevention and intervention programs to help Black women thrive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual assault is a highly consequential public health issue associated with multiple mental health sequelae. Given the mental health impact of sexual assault, understanding the recovery strategies survivors utilize is critical. A growing body of work suggests that physical activity may represent a powerful recovery tool post-trauma. However, existing work has primarily focused on the benefits of yoga or cardio exercise. Martial arts may provide unique benefits to sexual assault survivors including increased self-defense self-efficacy, empowerment, and corrective experiences with trauma reminders. However, no extant research has examined the perceived benefits of recreational martial arts practice for sexual assault survivors. The current study utilized content analysis of responses to items assessing the perceived recovery benefits of martial arts among a sample of primarily cisgender women martial arts practitioners (n = 50) with sexual assault histories. Survivors described multiple recovery benefits to their practice. Some benefits described were similar to those associated with other forms of physical activity, such as access to social support, improved physical health, and improved well-being. Other benefits identified were martial arts-specific including survivors viewing martial arts practice as a tool to reclaim bodily autonomy, decrease perceived vulnerability to future sexual assault, and manage PTSD symptoms and triggers. Findings support the potential of martial arts as a powerful recovery tool for survivors. Future research should evaluate how martial arts practice can be structured to ensure that it is healing and empowering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-collected testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) is poised to transform cervical cancer screening. Self-tests demonstrate similar accuracy to clinician-collected tests, but for the half a million women served by the Veterans Health Administration (VA) and their clinicians, self-collected cervical cancer screening would be a new practice. We examined VA patient and staff perspectives to inform future implementation. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted between 2021 and 2022 with female veterans receiving VA care (n = 22) and VA women's health nurses, clinicians, and administrators (n = 27). Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Interview questions addressed knowledge and interest, potential advantages or disadvantages, and any questions participants had about self-collected screening. Responses were analyzed using rapid qualitative methods. Five overarching themes were identified. Both patients and staff indicated high interest and enthusiasm for self-collected HPV testing, tempered by questions about test accuracy and logistical considerations. Familiarity with self-testing for other conditions such as colon-cancer screening or COVID made self-collection seem like a simple, convenient option. However, self-testing was not viewed as a good fit for all patients, and concerns about lost opportunities or missed incidental lesions were raised. Patients and staff described challenges with pelvic examinations for patients with past sexual trauma, particularly in the male-dominated VA environment. Pelvic exams can leave patients feeling vulnerable and exposed; self-collected testing was seen as a mechanism for patient empowerment. Veteran patients and VA staff shared common perspectives about potential advantages and disadvantages of self-collected HPV testing. Self-collected HPV testing has the potential to improve trauma-informed preventive health care for veterans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In older people with a chronic respiratory disease, we explored (i) usual Smartphone application (App) use, (ii) the time taken to download and use an App, and (iii) changes in self-efficacy for downloading an App after a single practice session. Methods: Participants were invited to attend one or two separate assessment sessions (Part A and B). Those who attended Part A had data pertaining to their App usage over the previous week extracted from their Smartphone. Those who attended Part B were asked to download and use a pedometer App and "think out loud" during the task. Before and after the task, participants rated their self-efficacy for downloading an App using a Visual Analogue Scale (0–10). Results: Twenty-seven participants (mean ± SD 74 ± 5 years) completed Part A. Commonly used Apps related to communication (e.g., texting; median [interquartile range] 15 [9–25] min/day) and interest (e.g., news; 14 [4–50] min/day). Fifteen participants completed Part B (mean ± SD 73 ± 7 years). The median time taken to download and use the App was 24 (22–37) min. The "think out loud" data converged into four domains: (i) low self-efficacy for using and learning Apps; (ii) reliance on others for help; (iii) unpleasant emotional responses; and (iv) challenges due to changes associated with longevity. Self-efficacy increased by 4 (95% confidence interval: 3–6). Conclusion: This population used Apps mainly to facilitate social connection. It took participants almost half an hour to download and use an App, but a single practice session improved self-efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of a novel digital patient education (PE) programme in improving self-management in patients newly diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods This was a parallel, open-label, two-armed, randomized controlled trial with superiority design. Patients from five rheumatology clinics were randomized into digital PE (intervention) or face-to-face PE (control). The primary outcome was self-efficacy, measured by average difference in the Rheumatoid Arthritis Self‐Efficacy (RASE) score from baseline to month 12. Secondary outcomes were RA knowledge, health literacy, adherence and quality of life. Healthcare utilization data and digital PE programme usage were recorded. Self-efficacy, knowledge and health literacy data were analysed using mixed-effects repeated measures modelling; adherence using logistic regression, and quality of life and healthcare utilization using descriptive statistics with the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results Of the 180 patients randomized (digital PE, n  = 89; face-to-face PE, n  = 91), 175 had data available for analysis. Median age was 59.0 years and 61% were women. The average difference in self-efficacy between groups from baseline to month 12 was significant by a −4.34 difference in RASE score, favouring the intervention group (95% CI: −8.17 to −0.51; P  = 0.026). RA knowledge, health literacy and quality of life showed minor improvements over time but no difference between groups, except out-patient clinic contacts, which were fewer in the intervention group. Conclusion The findings suggest that digital PE is effective in improving self-efficacy and therefore self-management in patients with early RA. This intervention has potential to lower healthcare costs by decreasing out-patient clinic contacts. Trial registration number clinicaltrials.gov , NCT04669340. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Hearing aids play a pivotal role in mitigating the impact of hearing loss, yet their adoption and consistent usage remains suboptimal. Understanding the hearing aid needs of individuals with hearing loss is important to support uptake, use, and outcomes. The current study describes users' perspectives on how hearing aids can be improved. Method: A cross-sectional, qualitative, content analysis design was used for an open-ended question from an online survey, exploring user perspectives on hearing aid improvements. Participants were adult hearing aid users in the United States, surveyed from the HearingTracker and Lexie Hearing user database. Results: A total of 628 participants (Mage = 66 years) were surveyed. The majority of participants used bilateral, behind-the-ear hearing aids that were obtained either through a hearing health care professional or online. Three domains, highlighting areas for hearing aid improvement, were identified. (a) The hearing aid features domain described user issues surrounding physical appearance and fit, general features, streaming, battery functionality, adjustments, smartphone applications, and hearing aid--related accessories. There was dissatisfaction with aesthetics and functionality, with a notable desire for improvements in physical appearance and fit (n = 161), and features to improve self-efficacy. (b) The sound quality domain described user issues surrounding sound perception and difficult situations. Participants highlighted unmet needs for clarity, especially in noisy environments (n = 143). (c) The service-delivery domain described user issues surrounding audiology services and general satisfaction, with criticisms centered on the high cost of hearing aids (n = 193) and the credibility of hearing health care professionals. Conclusions: Hearing aid users appreciated current technological advances but expressed a need for improvements, to better align devices with their requirements. Key areas included physical aesthetics, user control over device adjustments, sound clarity, cost accessibility, and trust between the user and hearing health care professional. Future designs should focus on features enhancing user autonomy and self-efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to validate the Turkish version of the Career Exploration and Decision Self‐Efficacy (CEDSE) Scale with Turkish undergraduate students. Results show that with the sample of Turkish undergraduate students (N = 202) the Turkish CEDSE Scale had a two‐factor structure with 12 items. The CEDSE Scale's two‐factor structure was validated by a sample of Turkish undergraduate students (N = 255). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis verified the measurement invariance of the CEDSE Scale across gender groups. The Turkish CEDSE Scale produced positive relations with measures of vocational outcome expectations and career decidedness as well as strong positive correlations with career decision‐making self‐efficacy. The CEDSE Scale scores produced statistically significant beta coefficients predicting vocational outcome expectations and career decidedness. The results support the concurrent and criterion‐related validity of the CEDSE Scale. Calculations of Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, and stability coefficients yielded evidence for the CEDSE Scale's reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal resources and recovery actions to face trauma are known to impact the wellbeing of survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV). Although acknowledged as a key component, scant research has been conducted on the recovery trajectories of survivors from Arab societies, especially in Palestinian citizens of Israel. This study examined the contribution of personal resources (empowerment related to safety, dispositional optimism, and potency) to engaging in steps toward recovery and ultimately thriving in 157 Palestinian citizens of Israel (PCI) victims of IPV. A Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach was applied to test a mediation model that estimated the extent to which personal resources (empowerment related to safety, dispositional optimism, and potency) predicted survivors' thriving directly and indirectly through the mediating variables of engagement in specific recovery actions. The model revealed direct associations between empowerment related to safety, dispositional optimism, potency, and thriving. Women's empowerment toward safety positively predicted thriving via establishing healing spaces. Contrary to predictions, although women's empowerment toward safety positively predicted women's engagement in connecting/sharing, women's connecting/sharing negatively predicted their thriving. These findings highlight the importance of women's personal resources by showcasing their strengths and the steps they take to enhance their thriving within the Israeli- Arab context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the moderating role of sports participation types (no sport, individual sport, and team sport) on the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and reactive and proactive aggression in 593 individuals (69.0% females) from the community. ACEs positively influenced both types of aggression, with a stronger effect on reactive aggression. Additionally, participating in team sports (versus no sports) weakened the ACE-proactive aggression link, while participation in individual sports (versus no sports) did not moderate the association between ACEs and both types of aggression. The findings suggest that team sports may provide a protective factor against certain aggression tendencies linked to ACEs, emphasizing the nuanced impact of sports involvement on psychological outcomes among individuals in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spread of health misinformation has made the task of health communicators more difficult. However, the success of health messaging hinges not only on meaningful message content but also on the credibility of who is delivering the message. "Trusted messengers," like local leaders and community-based organizations, have a greater ability to influence improvements in community health, due to their shared cultural experience with their communities. Health communication agencies should empower trusted messengers with the tools they need to succeed in health communication. One tool critical for their success is a succinct health messaging framework to plan and implement health messaging. Marketing has "See, Think, Do"—a simple, practical framework used to influence consumer purchases. As a more trustworthy corollary, we propose the "Lights, Facts, and Goals" framework, a concise, authentic, and transparent method for planning, implementing, and assessing health messaging campaigns that influence health improvements. "Lights" refers to different methods of reaching communities like trusted messengers, advertisements, and text messages. "Facts" refers to key sourced scientific information relevant to a specific aspect of community health. "Goals" refers to actions community members can take to improve their health in connection with the communicated health facts. This article describes how the "Lights, Facts, and Goals" framework both simplifies the creation and communication of scientifically sound health messaging and strengthens the partnership between health agencies and trusted messengers in the community. Through "Lights, Facts, and Goals," community-based organizations, community leaders, and their partners will be more effective at improving community health through messaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within a whole-of-school approach to student wellness, comprehensive school physical activity programs (CSPAPs) offer opportunities for physical activity before, during, and after the school day. However, to successfully influence behavior and fully reap the physical, cognitive, and psychological benefits of an active lifestyle, schools must strive to embed a culture of physical activity into the fabric of the school community. The national Active Schools movement, established to provide schools with the necessary tools to ensure that all children in the United States have the opportunity to participate in 60 minutes of physical activity each day, has developed a framework for an active school culture that includes nine essential elements. This article introduces the framework and describes the open-source tools and resources offered through Active Schools to promote school-based physical activity, including foundational guidance documents, assessment tools, professional development opportunities, and a school recognition system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) can reduce the risk of acquiring HIV infection following sexual assault. However, only about half of people offered HIV PEP will initiate the medication. Factors associated with patient readiness for HIV PEP following sexual assault have been attributed to structural and clinical barriers. This study utilized the Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior to better understand how personal factors, cognitive factors, mental health, barriers and facilitators that could influence a patient's decision to start HIV PEP post sexual assault. A web-based cross sectional survey was conducted from October 2017 to January 2020 and a total of 228 responses were included from participants that had experienced sexual assault in the previous 3 months. Using linear regression modeling fear of HIV, post-traumatic stress symptoms, validating social responses to disclosure, and having someone else pay for HIV PEP were all associated with feeling better prepared for HIV PEP decision making. Results indicate that structural, social, and individual factors impact patient decision making. These findings highlight opportunities for health systems and providers to improve HIV education and the importance of initiating HIV PEP following sexual assault. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to reveal the effect of the motivational interviewing on the quality of life and self‐efficacy behaviors of individuals with chronic diseases. Material‐method: For this meta‐analysis study, PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, and YÖK Theses databases were searched in January–May 2021 without year limitation. As a result, 38 studies were included in the study: 23 for the quality of life variable, and 21 for the self‐efficacy behaviors variable (in 6 studies, both variables were examined together). The data were synthesized with meta‐analysis and narrative methods. The total sample size of the studies is 25,425. Results: This meta‐analysis study showed that the motivational interviewing applied to individuals with chronic diseases changed their quality of life (SMD: 0.296, %95 CI: 0.054–0.537, Z = 2.402, p =.016, I2 = %95). The type of chronic disease, measurement tool, sample group, disease group, age range, and whether the motivational interviewer was a nurse or not changed the effect size of the motivational interviewing on the quality of life. The self‐efficacy score average of the experimental group to which motivational interviewing was applied was statistically similar to that of the control group (SMD: 0.141, %95 CI: −0.065, 0.347; Z = 1.346, p =.178, I2 = %87). Conclusions: As a result of the meta‐analysis, it was determined that the use of motivational interviewing increased the quality of life level of individuals with chronic diseases. However, it is thought that more research is needed because some studies were conducted with small sample size and prepost test design. The results of the study may provide guidance on the interventions to be used in improving the quality of life of individuals with chronic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that understanding the power of TikTok's visual discourse is a crucial part of conceptualising the character, inspiration, and ambition of Iran's Gen-Z-led uprising, both at home and across the diaspora. TikTok is a social media platform that depends on visuality. As such, it creates its own specific forms of messaging. This paper seeks to apply an innovative methodology of 'Visual Discourse Tracing' to the Iranian protests. It uses this carefully devised, process-driven method, to highlight the core ways in which TikTok has amplified the message of the Iranian protests, connecting to the grassroots movement and to the longer history of Iranian women's struggle for freedom. Visuality and social media have been crucial in shaping the character of these contemporary protests, necessitating proper theorisation when understanding the wider Iranian protest movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strengths-based working (SBW) is being adopted across multiple sectors, but the evidence base for its effectiveness is limited. In this assessment of a social outcomes contract, authors evaluated the impact of SBW on the delivery of homelessness-related outcomes for a high-risk client group. The novel impact evaluation design first identified characteristics in frontline staff associated with SBW and then decoded conjectural causal links between these characteristics and their clients' social outcomes using qualitative comparative analysis. Data were collected from 65 frontline workers, measuring reflective practice, self-efficacy, and innovativeness. Authors found that clients of staff who most strongly exhibited characteristics associated with SBW achieved better long-term outcomes. This article makes four important contributions to our understanding of SBW. First, authors show how it is possible to undertake rigorous impact evaluation of SBW in a complex setting and identify moderately complex causal relations with limited sample size. Second, authors propose and test the presence of key characteristics associated with SBW and, in doing so, contribute to the theoretical understanding of SBW. Third, authors present new evidence on the effectiveness of SBW. Finally, the article demonstrates how social outcomes contracts can provide a framework for testing innovative social interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In design courses, reviewing how others have solved design problems or completed projects is common practice and often encouraged by educators. Using student work as examples can provide context for assessment criteria and help students approach new design problems. While studies have explored the use of exemplars in various disciplines, little research has focused on which exemplars to use (e.g., high-quality, low-quality) in design, technology, and engineering fields. To address this gap, researchers conducted a literature review of 33 articles on exemplar use in secondary and post-secondary education. The analysis revealed nine themes related to exemplar use and their impact on student learning, including (1) Clarity of instruction, (2) Learner focus, (3) Motivation for learning, (4) Student reflection on learning, (5) Building student self-efficacy, (6) Identifying instructional challenges, (7) Providing contrasting cases, (8) The relationship between exemplar quality and student work quality, and (9) Raising the bar for learning outcomes. Findings suggest that simply providing an exemplar is not enough and that the selection of an exemplar can have positive or negative impacts on student motivation, understanding, and application. Carefully selecting exemplars and engaging in dialogue with students can help them identify expectations, recognize quality work, and identify potential misconceptions. These findings have implications for those involved in design, technology, and engineering education. Educators can use these findings to guide their selection of exemplars and engage students in meaningful dialogue to aid their learning. Researchers can also use these findings to further investigate the use of exemplars in these fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]