Search

A family study of psychiatric diagnoses was performed in 29 children of bipolar patients and 37 children of normal controls, ages 6-17. There were no differences in major or minor affective diagnoses between the patient and control groups, but there was an increase of non-specific diagnoses in the patient group. Using DSM-III criteria, 10% of patients' children and 14% of controls' children had had at least one episode of major depression. This suggests that major depression in children is not familially related to adult bipolar major affective disorder. The observed prevalence of depression in childhood is increased when both direct interview of children and interview of parents are performed.

Here we present a first hand look at the space distribution of some 2000 galaxies from a recently completed redshift survey in the southern hemisphere. This sample extends to the southern skies the database of high-quality radial velocities of the CfA Redshift Survey, over a comparable volume of space.

The authors examined the personal resources (social problem-solving ability, internal locus of control, self-esteem, and self-perceived competence) and social resources (social network structure and support) in 23 children of patients with bipolar affective disorder (probands) and 33 children of normal control parents. Positive resource profiles were related to psychiatric well-being in the offspring. Nondisordered probands, in particular, demonstrated a strikingly positive profile of personal resources as well as a wide range of peer, sibling, and other kin supporters. Disordered probands had a strikingly negative set of personal resources and a relatively greater reliance on nonkin adult supporters. The absence of a supportive best friend was associated with affective disorder across offspring groups.

Summary A number of social skill training approaches have been devised for remediating peer relationship difficulties in children and adolescents. One recently developed approach, focusing on interpersonal cognitive problem solving (IPCS) skills, is described. ICPS training studies are also reviewed. Despite the pervasive methodological problems that characterize this literature, ICPS training appears to be effective as a remediation strategy with maladjusted youngsters, and as a secondary prevention strategy with children ‘at risk’. While initial findings with nonclinical groups have been less encouraging, available follow-up data suggest that ICPS training may be efficacious as a primary prevention strategy, as well. Several suggestions are offered for improving the methodology of future training studies, while important issues and problems are highlighted for future investigation.

Maturity and variability in level of friendship reasoning were evaluated in 4th-7th grade children. Peer reputation in the classroom was also assessed. Results indicated greater intraindividual variability in friendship reasoning than previous reports have suggested. In addition, friendship reasoning maturity made significant contributions in accounting for variance in Positive and Isolated peer reputation even after sex, socio-economic status (SES), and IQ were taken into account, while reasoning variability was the only variable accounting for significant variance in Disruptive peer reputation. Implications for social cognition research and intervention are discussed.

This study compares urinary E1-3G and serum E2 measurements in monitoring ovulation induction in an in vitro fertilization programme (FIVET). We used an RIA kit, ESTR.CTK2 (Sorin, Italy), for the daily determination of serum E2, and an LA kit, Fertilux (Bouty, Milan), for the determination of E1-3G in early morning urine samples using a timed and measured volume urine collection procedure. A significant correlation was found between serum E2 as measured by RIA and urinary E1-3G as measured by LIA. Considering the RIA disadvantages (the short half-life of the reagents, the hazards of handling radioactive materials, the inconvenience of frequent venepuncture for the patients) the LIA measurement seems to be a useful method in a FIVET programme.

The effect of charge exchange reactions: carbon ions with neutral hydrogen and carbon ions with neutral helium, on carbon ionization equations is analysed. Both, optically thin and optically thick, photoionization models for the line emission region of QSOs are considered. From the computed line intensities it is suggested that the charge exchange mechanism should be included in future models.

Presentation d'une technique sociometrique applicable en milieu scolaire permettant d'evaluer la relation interpair: le Revised Class Play Method

Porcine kidneys were temporarily grafted for 1–3 days into a homologous host and then definitively re· transplanted into a new homologous recipient. The results showed a prolonged survival of the retransplanted kidneys (4 animals lived, respectively 64, 79, 96, 148 days); this is quite significant in comparison to the controls, whose survival was between 5 and 21 days. A marked variation of the mononuclear cell infiltration, histologically present before and after retransplantation, was observed. In long surviving, retransplanted kidneys, there was a pronounced regression of the extensive infiltrate of mononuclear, plasma, and polymorphonuclear cells, evidenced before retransplantation.

Mycoplasma-like bodies have been observed in phloem companion cells and in clarified extracts of rice plants infected with a yellows-type disease.

SUMMARYPortions of leaves from rice plants affected by the yellowing disease were examined in the electron microscope. Mycoplasma-like bodies, in different stages of growth, were observed in young phloem companion and parenchyma cells. These cells showed ultrastructural modifications suggesting that the infection may cause changes in some synthetic processes. They are thought to be related to the multiplication and growth of mycoplasmata in the host cells.

A hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of pure copper from an intimate mixture of chalcocite and pyrite is discussed. The dissolution of the copper can be accomplished by pressure leaching in an ammoniacal ammonium sulfate solution which results in the production of byproduct ammonium sulfate. In some locations this byproduct is undesirable, and an alternative process has been developed in which the chalcocite concentrate is leached directly in dilute sulfuric acid under an overpressure of air. This procedure converts the sulfide sulfur in the chalcocite to elemental sulfur and gives copper extractions of up to 98%. Any pyrite in the chalcocite concentrate is only slightly attacked during the leach and can thus be conveniently separated from the copper bearing solution together with the elemental sulfur. Sulfuric acid and ferric sulfate which are produced by the oxidation of a small portion of the pyrite, are removed from the leach solution by the addition of limestone. The copper is then recovered from the neutralized solution either by electrolysis or by reduction with hydrogen under pressure. The sulfuric acid which is regenerated in the copper winning operation is recirculated to the leaching step.

Liver, heart, kidney allografts in pig with different venous caval and portal drainage have been performed by the authors. Immunological response was different in relation to the transplanted organ an

The correlates of social and academic competence were investigated in 9-14 yr old children. Factor analysis of multiple measures of cognitive functioning, excluding IQ identified three dimensions: (1) Social Comprehension; (2) Cognitive Efficiency and (3) Divergent Thinking. The social comprehension dimension was derived from measures of humor and social cognition. Although strongly related to IQ, Social Comprehension still had a substantial unique relation to social competence in a school setting, as assessed by teachers and peers. While this dimension was the best predictor of social competence, IQ was by far the most powerful predictor of academic competence.

A comparative study between MAR test and IBT in 142 seminal samples is presented by the authors and their concordance with TAT and SIT is also evaluated. In particular the interest of IBT for the evaluation of involved immunoglobulinic classes is stressed.

Responses of 2-5-year-old children to angry adult behavior were examined as a function of parental report of marital distress, history of interparent verbal hostility, and history of interparent physical hostility. A trained actor engaged the child's mother in an emotionally expressive verbal exchange while the child played in the same room. The exchange was standardized and consisted of a 7-episode sequence of shifting background conditions (no emotion, friendly, no emotion, angry, no emotion, reconciliation, no emotion). Preoccupation with anger, expressed concern and support-seeking, and accepting of social responsibility (e.g., providing physical or verbal comfort to the mother) were greater in response to background anger than in response to prosocial conditions. The parents' marital adjustment was positively associated with expressed concern and support-seeking by children in response to anger. Form and degree of marital conflict interacted with age and sex in predicting children's response to anger as well. In particular, children whose parents engaged in physical aggressiveness showed increased preoccupation, concern and support-seeking, and social responsibility responses with increasing age. Implications of these findings for the study of the effects of marital discord on children are discussed.

Previous research suggests that elderly people utilize fewer coping strategies than younger people. Some researchers suggest that these quantitative changes reflect decreases in the use of maladaptive strategies; others contend that they reflect decreases in the use of adaptive strategies by older adults. The present article reports the findings of three studies of coping in older people, two addressing coping with health problems, and the other addressing coping with moving. In all three studies, the number of self-reported coping strategies decreases with age. Results do not support the idea that decreases in the number of strategies imply decrements in the quality of coping, however: in two studies, age was unrelated to the effectiveness of strategies, in the third, effectiveness ratings were higher for older subjects. The need for evaluation of specific outcomes of coping strategies is discussed, along with the need for task-specific measurement of coping. It is proposed that decreases in the number of coping strategies reflect improved coping efficiency, rather than a deterioration of adaptational skills.

The determination of the concentrations of estrone-3-glucuronide, pregnanediol-3-glucuronide and luteinizing hormone has been performed in early morning urine samples of 14 normal menstruating women using a timed and measured volume urine collection procedure. In order to investigate the variability of the urinary hormonal concentrations due to day-to-day differences in diuresis, the absolute hormonal concentrations have been corrected either for the urinary creatinine excretion or for the volume of urine voided during the night. The results demonstrate that both correction factors are able to reduce substantially the coefficient of variation values in comparison to the absolute hormonal concentrations. The urinary test of ovarian function has been performed in 11 infertile women affected by luteal insufficiency using the same procedure, and the hormonal profiles showed some alterations in both estrone-3-glucuronide and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide concentrations in comparison to the hormonal profiles of the normal subjects. Such alterations were significant in the single subject when integrated values of the hormonal data in defined time intervals were investigated.

In this study we have compared the results of autoagglutination, IgM M.A.R.-test, seric S.I.T. and seric T.A.T. in 75 men with normal seminal parameters belonging to sub-fertile couples in whom the only evident anomaly was the presence of negative or doubtful P.C.T. We compared a tight correlation between IgG M.A.R.-test and autoagglutination (IgG M.A.R.-test clinically positive in 82.8% of subjects with positive spermagglutination); between seric S.I.T. and IgG M.A.R.-test (S.I.T. positive in 58.3% of subjects with IgG M.A.R.-test clinically positive); between seric T.A.T. and IgM M.A.R.-test (T.A.T. positive in 69.4% of subjects with positive IgG M.A.R.-test). Such results proved the reliability of IgG M.A.R.-test as a screening test in the determination of male autoimmunization. Moreover, the possibility that they were the cases in which only the local antisperm activity was shown, underlines the necessity not to limit immunological research to only seric antibody titrations. The analyses of the types of mixed agglutination present in cases of positive IgG M.A.R.-test make us suspect that a quota of the agglutination type emh was due to the impossibility with such type of test to specify adequately the zones of G.R. sperm interaction involved in the formation of mixed agglutinates.

The Authors report their own experience and results using different approaches to oocyte pick-up and gamete transfer for gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT). The overall pregnancy rate of GIFT is 35.86% (66 pregnancies on 184 cases of GIFT). The Protocol I (Laparoscopic oocyte retrieval and gamete transfer) is presently the more used and gives better clinical results (pregnancy rate of 37.7%); in the Author's opinion, the protocols III (echographic pick-up + IVF + laparoscopic delayed zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT), and VII (Laparotomic pick-up and transfer) are interesting complementary techniques for GIFT.

2 aspects of social cognition--interpersonal understanding and means-ends problem-solving ability--were evaluated in fourth- to seventh-grade children and related to sex, age, IQ, social class, and multiple dimensions of competence. Results indicated that both social-cognitive components were significantly correlated with IQ, while interpersonal understanding was also correlated with age and social class. Nevertheless, interpersonal understanding and means-ends problem-solving ability made significant contributions in accounting for variance in several competence variables even after IQ and other important status variables were taken into account. Implications for social cognition research are discussed.

Summary The reduction of fertility seen in female rabbits after an intensive reproductive rhythm led to a study of the variations of the levels of sexual steroids in plasma in this situation. Plasma levels of 17 betaostradiol and progesterone were measured by RIA methods, at different days of pregnancy, in 64 New Zealand female rabbits, divided into three groups according to their different reproductive rhythms. Rabbits were mated 25, 10 and 2 days, respectively, after previous parturition. The results showed a decrease of 17 betaoestradiol in the first two groups, similar to that seen in our previous observations; in the most intensively reproduced group the maximum value was at the 18th day, the minimum at the 25th day and there was a slight increase in the last phases of pregnancy. An atypical pattern was found for plasma progesterone. A statistically significant correlation (P ≤ 0.01) between the plasma levels of both steroids and the number of newborn was demonstrated in the first phase of pregnancy. The results show a failure of ovarian function which is dependent on the number of deliveries, and so with an increase of the reproductive rhythm. Zusammenfassung Beziehungen zwischen der Fekunditat und Ovarialaktivitat bei Kaninchen Die Fertilitatsabnahme von weiblichen Kaninchen nach einer intensiven Fortpflanzungsperiode gab Anlas, die Veranderungen der Sexualsteroide im Plasma zu untersuchen. Bei 64 weiblichen Neuseeland-Kaninchen wurde im Plasma an verschiedenen Tagen der Graviditat der Gehalt an 17 β-Oestradiol und Progesteron mittels RIA bestimmt. Die Tiere wurden in 3 Gruppen eingeteilt. Die Tiere der Gruppe A wurden 25 Tage, die der Gruppe B 10 Tage und die der Gruppe C 2 Tage nach der vorangegangenen Geburt gedeckt. Ergebnisse: In den Gruppen A und B trat eine ahnliche Abnahme des 17 β-Oestradiols ein, wie dies in fruheren Versuchen festgestellt worden war. In der Gruppe C mit der hochsten Reproduktionsrate war der Oestradiolgehalt am 18. Graviditatstag am grosten bzw. am 25. Graviditutstag am kleinsten. In der letzten Trachtigkeitsphase erhohte sich der Oestradiolgehalt wieder etwas. Der Progesterongehalt zeigte einen atypischen Verlauf. In der ersten Trachtigkeitsphase wurde eine statistisch signifikante Korrelation (P ≤ 0.01) der beiden Steroide zur Zahl der Neugeborenen gefunden. Die Ergebnisse sprechen fur eine von der Anzahl der Trachtigkeiten bzw. der Zunahme der Reproduktionsintensitat abhangige Ovarialinsuffiziens. Resume Relations entre la fecondite et l'activite ovarienne chez les lapins La baisse de fertilite de lapins femelles apres une periode de reproduction intensive a ete le motif d'une recherche des modifications des steroides sexuels dans le plasma. On a determine au moyen de RIA le taux du 17 β-oestradiol et de la progesterone dans le plasma de 64 lapins femelles «Nouvelle-Zelande» a differents moments de la gestation. Les animaux furent repartis en trois groupes. Les animaux ont ete couverts apes 25 jours suivant la mise-a-bas pour le groupe A, apres 10 jours pour le groupe B et apres 2 jours pour le groupe C. Resultats: une chute semblable du 17 β-oestradiol a celle constatee dans des recherches precedentes a ete constatee dans les groupes A et B. Le taux d'oestradiol fut le plus fort au 18e jour de gestation et le plus faible au 25e jour dans le groupe C avec le taux de reproduction le plus eleve. Le taux d'oestradiol s'est a nouveau eleve dans les derniers jours de la gestation. Le taux de progesterone a presente une evolution atypique. Une correlation statistiquement significative (P ≤ 0,01) a ete trouvee entre les deux steroides et le nombre de petits dans la premiere periode de gestation. Les resultats indiquent une insuffisance ovarienne due au nombre de gestations et a l'intensification de la reproduction. Resumen Relaciones entre la fecundidad y la actividad ovarica en conejas La reduccion de fertilidad en conejas tras un ritmo reproductivo intensivo dio origen a estudiar las variaciones de niveles en los esteroides sexuales en el plasma sanguineo. Se valoraron en 64 conejas neozelandesas en el plasma en dias diversos de gestacion los niveles de 17 β-oestradiol y progesterona mediante metodos RIA. Se dividieron los animales en 3 grupos. Los animales del grupo A se cubrieron 25 dias, los del grupo B 10 dias y los del grupo C 2 dias despues del parto. Resultados: En los grupos A y B se registro una disminucion del 17 β-oestradiol semejante a la comprobada en ensayos anteriores. En el grupo C, con la tasa mayor de reproduccion, era maximo el contenido en oestradiol el dia 18° de gravidez resp. menor el dia 25° de gestacion. En la fase ultima de prenez volvia a aumentarse algo el contenido en oestradiol. La progesterona plasmatica ofrecio un curso atipico. Una correlacion estadistica significante (P ≤ 0.01) entre los niveles plasmaticos de ambos esteroides y el numero de recien nacidos se hallo en la fase primera de gestacion. Los resultados abogan a favor de una insuficiencia ovarica dependiente de la cantidad de preneces resp. del aumento de la intensidad de reproduccion.

Polyoma virus (Py) large T-Antigen (LT) can promote the amplification of viral genomes integrated in the chromosomal DNA of rat fibroblasts, and this phenomenon requires the interaction of the LT protein with the viral origin of DNA replication. To compare the rate and the modality of selectable amplification events promoted by the Py LT with cellular-driven events, we constructed a double expression vector containing a murine dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) cDNA and the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) gene controlled by the viral regulatory region. The plasmid was introduced into a rat cell line constitutively producing a temperature sensitive LT (cl 2), and clones were selected in low concentration of methotrexate (MTX). Three cl 2 transformants and one control cell line lacking LT were propagated at temperatures permissive (33 degrees C) and non permissive (39 degrees C) for LT function and, subsequently, challenged in one step with high MTX dosage at 39 degrees C. While the control line produced the same number of colonies irrespective of the temperature of propagation, the three LT positive lines yielded between 2 and greater than 100 times more colonies following propagation at permissive temperature, indicating that the presence of Py LT considerably increased the rate of amplification of integrated sequences linked to the viral origin of replication. In all cases the amplification event involved the exogenous and not the endogenous dhfr gene, and overexpression of the cat gene occurred as a result of co-amplification with the selectable dhfr sequences. Analysis of the structure of the amplified domain in the various resistant derivatives revealed that, in the presence of the viral protein, amplification occurred within the boundaries of the primary plasmid insert. In the absence of a functional LT protein, amplification both internal or involving adjacent host DNA were observed.

The results obtained when both kidneys were allografted in the pig are described. The experiments were performed in two groups of animals. In one group both kidneys were transplanted with portal venous drainage and in the other group caval drainage was used. Animals with portal venous drainage of the renal grafts survived for more than 4 months whereas those with caval drainage died within 15 days.

Summary The authors describe a radioimmunological method for the determination of testosterone in the peripheral blood of calves, using a group of 7 calves about 4 months old and a second group of 7 between the ages of 12 and 24 months. After the examination in detail of the various phases of the method, the validity criteria are enunciated and the results are reported. The values for prepuberal subjects of 4 months old vary between 57.8 and 71.2 ng./100 ml. of plasma, and for puberal subjects from 250.6 to 750.3 ng./100 ml. of plasma. Finally, the significant features of the method are summarized and the validity of the plasma values obtained is discussed in comparison with the results of other authors. Zusammenfassung Die radioimmunologische Bestimmung von Testosteron im Plasma von Kalbern Die Autoren beschreiben eine radioimmunologische Methode zur Bestimmung von Testosteron im peripheren Blut von Kalbern. 1. Die Untersuchungen wurden an zwei Gruppen von je 7 Tieren ausgefuhrt (Alter der 1. Gruppe: 4 Monate, Alter der 2. Gruppe: 12–24 Monate). Ergebnisse: 1. Gruppe 57,8–71,2 ng/100 ml; 2. Gruppe 250,6–750,3 ng/100 ml. Resume Determination radioimmunologique de la testosterone dans le plasma des veaux Les auteurs decrivent une methode radioimmunologique, pour determiner la testosterone dans le sang peripherique des veaux. Les examens sont pratiques sur deux groupes de 7 animaux (âge dans le premier groupe: 4 mois; âge dans le deuxieme groupe: 12–24 mois). Resultats: groupe 1 57,8–71,2 ng/100 ml; groupe 2 250,6–750,3 ng/100 ml. Resumen La valoracion radioinmunologica de testosterona en el plasma sanguineo de terneros Los autores describen una tecnica radioinmunologica para valorar testosterona en la sangre periferica de terneros. Los estudios se llevaron a cabo en dos grupos de 7 animales cada vez (edad del grupo 1°:4 meses, edad del grupo 2°: 12–24 meses). Resultados: grupo 1° 57,8–71,2 ng/100 ml; grupo 2° 250,6–750,3 ng/100 ml de plasma.

This paper demonstrates the performance of planar geometry InGaAs/InP avalanche diodes, specifically designed and fabricated for Geiger-mode operation at wavelengths around 1550nm, in terms of dark count rate, single-photon detection efficiency, afterpulsing and photon-timing jitter., Presented at CLEO QELS, Long Beach, California (May 2006)

In this paper, we analyze work on mobile robotics with the goal of highlighting the uses of contextual knowledge aiming at a flexible and robust performance of the system. In particular, we analyze different robotic tasks, ranging from robot behavior to perception, and then propose to characterize "contextualization" as a design pattern. As a result, we argue that many different tasks indeed can exploit contextual information and, therefore, a single explicit representation of knowledge about context may lead to significant advantages both in the design and in the performance of mobile robots.