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The developed IFS model is having different components which comprise of arable crops (1.04 ha), horticulture crops (0.22 ha), fishery (0.10 ha), mushroom (0.02 ha), poultry (10 birds), vermicompost (0.02 ha) and kitchen garden (20 m2). The overall productivity of model was 174.04 tonnes/ha/year in terms of sugarcane equivalent yield (SEY) during the representative years (2013–18). The farmyard manure (FYM) together with vermicompost and other farm-based by-products saved the nutrients by 338.71 kg N, 124.60 kg P, 306.22 kg K and 769.56 kg NPK (kg/year). The entire annual man-days generated were 441, 465, 473, 467 and 470 in various components during 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17 and 2017–18, respectively. However, maximum man-days were generated by crop component (209/year) followed by dairy component (152/year) of the IFS model. The gross return/year/ha obtained was `6.12×103/ha and net returns of (`3.74×103/ha) with per day income of `1025 from 1.5 ha of the IFS model under irrigated agro-ecosystem. Inclusion of horticulture components and boundary plantations in the IFS model also tend to reduce GHG emissions.

This study was designed to investigate milk and circulating profiles of progesterone (P4) and pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) during early pregnancy and to determine their associations with the foetal numbers in Jakhrana goats. For this, milk (whole and defatted milk) and blood samplings from10 pregnant and 3 non-pregnant Jakhrana goats were continued from the day 7 until day 51 post-mating. The PAG profile in both milk and plasma increased gradually from day 26 to 51 of gestation. Whereas, circulating P4 remains unchanged during early pregnancy in pregnant goats. The P4 and PAG concentrations in blood plasma, whole milk and defatted milk were 1.30, 1.24 and 2.04, 1.98, 1.99 and 1.88 folds higher in twin foetus than the single foetus bearing does, respectively. The P4 and PAG in plasma and milk samples were positively correlated with the foetal number. However, the results of stepwisemultivariate linear regression analyses indicated milk and circulating P4 as better predictors of foetal numbers than plasma PAG. The defatting of milk samples resulted in about 2-folds decline in the P4 concentration, however, the PAG level remains unaffected. In conclusion, milk and plasma profiles of P4 and PAG were affected by the foetal number and P4 is a reliable predictor of foetal number during early pregnancy in Jakhrana goats.

In this paper, we introduce Hardy and Rogers type contractions in the class of double controlled metric spaces and establish fixed point theorem. Our result are generalization of some known results of literature. We also provide example to illustrate significance of the established result .

The seed potato cost is very important component in total potato production and account for 30 to 70% which varies depending on the country or region. Tuber size is an important factor to decide the seed requirement per unit area. Seed size affects total yield, graded or marketable tuber yields. Standard seed tuber of 25–125 g weight (30–55 mm) is known as seed size tubers in India. Obtaining seed size tuber is important for achieving higher potential of the cultivars. The tuber size profile can be reduced or expanded by altering inter and intra row seed spacing, controlling days of growth by planting late or killing vines/haulm early, regulating inputs like fertilizer and water etc. An ideal combination of plant population, row width, and in-row seed spacing for a particular variety were the major factors for optimizing tuber size. Variation in tuber bulking ability in different genotypes results in variation in proportion of seed size tubers among different varieties. 70–80 days haulm killing found most suitable for getting higher proportion of seed size tubers in high bulking varieties. Proper management of N, P and K fertilizers is considered very important to maximize tuber yield and attain desirable quality. Variability in nitrogen dose/ha was observed which ranged from 100–150 between different regions of the world. Hence proper combination of above Agro-techniques should be adopted in seed production programme as per the region for getting higher proportion of seed size/plantable seed tubers.

The present investigation was undertaken to access age at first calving, actual lifetime milk yield per day of productive life, actual lifetime milk yield per day of herd life and actual lifetime milk yield per day of total life. The non-genetic factors such as period of birth, season of birth, AFC age group and farms on these traits were studied by least-squares analysis and the means were compared using Duncan's multiple range test. The least-squares means for age at first calving, actual lifetime milk yield per day of productive life, actual lifetime milk yield per day of herd life and actual lifetime milk yield per day of total life were estimated as 1668.3±16.6 days, 1.878±0.04 litres/day, 1.735±0.05 litres/day and 1.029±0.03 litres/day respectively. Farm and period of birth had significant effect on age at first calving, actual lifetime milk yield per day of herd life and actual lifetime milk yield per day of total life. In actual life time milk yield per day of productive life, period of birth had significant effect. AFC class had significant effect on actual lifetime milk yield per day of total life.

Field experiments were conducted at the ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute-Regional Station, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh during 2015-16 and 2016-17 to evaluate efficacy of mineral and non-edible seed oils against green-peach aphid Myzus persicae and cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci in potato. Three sprays were done at 15 days interval revealed that maximum reduction in their incidence was observed with imidacloprid 17.8SL (0.03%) followed by mineral oil (6 ml/ l); B. tabaci incidence reduced by 72.63% and 61.06%, respectively, while it was 87.60% and 62.27% with M. persicae. Similar trend was observed with all the three sprays. The non-edible oils were not effective. Incidence of viruses was the least (0.26 and 0.27%, respectively) with imidacloprid 17.8SL (0.03%) and mineral oil (6 ml/ l). Thus, imidacloprid 17.8SL (0.03%) and mineral oil (6 ml/ l) can be recommended to manage vector-virus complex in potato.

In this study, calcium phosphate nanoparticles-based (STCNV) and montanide oil adjuvant vaccine (STOAV) containing outer membrane proteins (Omps) of S. Typhi were evaluated for inducing oxidative stress indicators [reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total protein] in the tissues of mice after vaccination. The GSH levels though slightly high in the liver, kidney, and lungs of STCNV group were not significantly different from STOAV and the control group (STC). There was no significant difference in LPO levels in any group for any tissue. The significantly lower activities of catalase were observed in the kidney and lungs of the STCNV group as compared to STOAV and STC group, while in the liver, STCNV group revealed lower catalase activity in comparison to the control group. No significant difference in the SOD activities between the two vaccinated groups was observed. The total protein contents in all the organs showed no significant difference in the vaccinated and the control group. The vaccines may induce long-term inflammatory response and consequently damage vital organs; this study revealed no long-term oxidative stress in all the three vital organs, suggesting that these vaccines may not cause oxidative damages in the vital organs of mice.

Mesenchymal stem cells are now- a-days treated as the cornerstone of the cellular therapy and tissue engineering arena. These omnipresent cells can be isolated from a wide range of sources and can be differentiated and trans-differentiated into many cell types based on specific cellular command. In this study, we had isolated bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells from 1-2 years old apparently healthy goats. The heterologous cell population then subjected to magnetic activated cell sorting against CD73+, CD90+, CD105+, CD271+ and CD34- to exclude mesenchymal stem cells from haematopoietic stem cells. The cells were then cultured and incubated at 37 °C in humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2. After 3 passages the cells were tested for alkaline phosphatase activity. Furthermore, the cells were also evaluated based on their morphometric analysis.

The field experiments were conducted at Student’s Instruction Form, ANDUA&T, Kumarganj Ayodhya. The climate is hot and humid summer and cold winters, during the rabi crop season in the year 2017-18. One hundred genotypes of Rapeseed-mustard were used for the present investigation. The earliest appearance of disease (30 days) was noted in genotypes RAURD-09-32, RM-WR-09-5, PAB-09-07, PRB-2004-3-4, RGN-307, RH-0834, RH-0902, RH-0952, RH-0903, RHH-1101, YSWB- 2012/9 (44 days) PPBJ-2, RAURD-09-78, and (45 days) PPBN-3, PT-2006-4 and lowest disease severity was recorded genotypes PHR-2, (9.5) PAB- 2004-4 (20.5) PPBJ-2 (22.2), PPBN-3 (22.3) PPBN-2 (22.6) PPBJ-5 (23.3), PPBJ-3 (24.3), PPBJ-4 (24.5) PAB-2005-16 (24.5), RRM-789, (43.6), RH-0555A, (43.7). AUDPC showed more susceptible genotypes the lowest PHR-2 (214.5) was recorded and genotypes screened, none of the genotypes were found disease -free or highly resistance, only 1 genotype namely (PHR-2) were found resistance, 8 genotypes namely (PPBN-2, PPBN-3, PPBJ-3, PPBJ-2, PPBJ-5, PPBJ-4, PAB-2005-16, PAB- 2004-4), were rated as moderated resistance, 37 moderated susceptible and 54 as susceptible.

Bioactive glasses are mostly utilized as bone and dental implants. However, these biomaterials cause immunogenic response even in absence of immune stimulating signals. Therefore, there is a need to develop a biomaterial that would be immunologically inert and possesses beneficial biological effects depending upon the pathological condition. In this study, barium doped bioactive glass (BaBG) and 45S5 were synthesized in the nanometer range using the sol-gel process and the BET-specific surface area was assessed. The in-vitro bioactivity of BaBG and 45S5 was examined in the simulated body fluid (SBF). Hydroxyapatite crystals formed on the surface were evaluated using FTIR, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX), and pH changes of SBF. The doping of barium in bioactive glasses showed biocompatibility as the hemolytic index was within the permissible limit for biomedical agents. BaBG and 45S5 increased the percentage of cell proliferation without producing any cytotoxic effects on C6 and K562 cells. Moreover, BaBG showed coordinated horizontal cell movement in scratch assay which is a gold standard for the regeneration of injured tissues. Intriguingly, for the first time we reported that the incorporation of barium significantly reduced the LPS-induced elevation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) in C6 cells. Simultaneously, BaBG also elevated IL-10 and hence showed anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, based on the biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, and regenerative tendency, BaBG can be used for therapeutic purposes where inflammation restricts the use of biomaterials.

The present study deals with the elastic properties at different pressure of hcp-iron have been carried out. By exerting pressure on the cubic body of n-th power of edge length, we have used a new equation of state based on Eulerian finite theory. We have computed the bulk modulus and their pressure derivative from this formulated equation of state. The results from the proposed equation of state (EOS) show the better agreement with available experimental data. Thus, the derived expressions are able to predict the elastic properties of hcp-iron under high pressures.

This article provides an interval type-2 fuzzy-based direct torque control (IT2FDTC) of the induction motor drive (IMD) in which the space vector modulation technique is used here to activate a five-level diode-clamped inverter (FDCI). Moreover, it is implemented with the help of the DSPACE-1103 controller in a real-time application using 2HP induction motor and its overall performance is compared with a conventional proportional-integral direct torque control (CPIDTC). In IT2FDTC, all four capacitor voltages of FDCI based on minimum energy principles are balanced well and settled back quickly with fewer peak overshoots than CPIDTC during various operational conditions. In addition, it can provide lesser torque and flux ripples with a fast dynamic performance of IMD over a CPIDTC. A 3-D Mamdani type-2 fuzzy controller along with the centroid method is used in IT2FDTC. Hence, the proposed method of study not only controls the gains of proportional integral effectively but also controls the duty ratios of a modulating wave to further improve the dynamic performance and current profile of IMD.

Background Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a cause for concern, especially in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients. Endogenous bowel microflora in HSCT patients get replaced by hospital multidrug resistant flora and pose risk of serious bacterial infection during the pre-engraftment stage. For decades, many methods to reduce the translocation of gut microbiota in HSCT patients have been attempted. Despite the logic, of using prophylactic antibiotics, there is no consensus on standard regimen. Personalized antibiotic prophylaxis-based on gut microbiota and clinical profile has been suggested by researchers. In this study, gut microbiota in HSCT recipients has been studied with antimicrobial susceptibility testing and detection of various antibiotic resistance phenotypes. Methods Seventy-six HSCT patients (2016–2018) were included. Stool surveillance cultures and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed. Bacterial isolates were classified into various antibiotic resistance phenotypes. Results This study revealed that 73.75% HSCT recipients had gut colonized with antibiotic resistance microbiota which included extended-spectrum β-lactamase-, multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant phenotypes. Conclusion This study reiterates the importance of individual profiling of gut microbiota in HSCT patients.

The present investigation was undertaken to identify the resistant lines amongst mutated rice population of the variety swarna induced by the sodium azide. The variability in disease reaction was observed among mutated rice lines. Out of the total 1000 mutant plants, 47 plants were screened that show low disease index, ranged between 0 to 5 were selected for next M generation. In M2 generation the selected genotypes show differences for disease index, only 12 lines shows resistance in M2 generation in field condition and in humidity chamber condition only 8 lines shows resistance. The number of resistance lines were decreases in humidity condition. Non significant variation in morphological expression and in yield attributes among the selected mutants was also reported. Thus, these lines could be considered a potential source for disease resistance against the sheath blight of rice and could be used further in the crossing programme for development of sheath blight resistant rice variety.

A field experiment was conducted entitled “Effect of nutrient omissions on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and ecomimics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in northern Madhya Pradesh ”at research farm, ICAR-CPRI-RS, Gwalior (M.P.) during the winter season of 2019-20 under the agro-climatic and soil conditions of Northern Madhya Pradesh. The experiment was planted under Randomized Block Design having 11 treatment combinations replicated thrice. Highest growth parameters viz., plant height (56.09 cm), number of stem per plant (5.71) and number of compound leaves/plant (35.08), yield parameters viz. haulm yield (13.75 t/ha), tuber yield (26.67 t/ha) and biological yield (40.42 t/ha) were recorded with 100% recommended dose of NPK. Similarly, chemical parameters viz., N uptake (63.73 kg/ha), P uptake (19.66 kg/ha) K uptake (75.03 kg/ha) in tubers; N uptake (45.39 kg/ha), P uptake (10.3 kg/ha) K uptake (50.6 kg/ha) haulms in 100% RDF NPK treatment. N (176 kg/ha), P (43.37 kg/ha) and K (360.12 kg/ha) contents in soil were highest in T11 (150% Recommended NPK). Highest cost of cultivation (Rs 123200/ha) in 150% RDF NPK but gross return (Rs 366481/ha) was recorded in 100% RDF NPK. However, highest net return (Rs 251681/ha) was recorded in 100% RDF NPK. In contrast to above, highest benefit cost ratio (3.2) was recorded in 100% RDF NPK which was slightly higher to 75% RDF NPK. Thus, resource poor farmers by reducing 25% dose of NPK, can increase return on per rupee invested on one hand and on other hand will contribute environmental safety.

The surface soil samples (0-15 cm) were found contaminated with different pesticides in vegetable growing areas in Bihar. Total twenty samples were analysed in which HCH and endosulfan were found as the major contaminants of soil. Nine samples were found contaminated with HCH (ND-0.055mg kg-1) and ten with endosulfan (ND-0.078mg kg-1). DDT residues were detected only in three soil samples. Among the organophosphate pesticide, residues of quinalphos (ND-0.062mg kg-1) and chlorpyriphos (ND-0.037mg kg-1) were detected in five samples each while dimethoate present in only one sample. Residues of cypermethrin, fenvalerate and deltamethrin were also detected in four, three and one soil sample, respectively.

The genetic diversity was estimated using seventy two genotypes of rice in a randomized block design with three replications at the rice research farm of Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour (Bhagalpur) during Kharif, 2019-20 to determine the contribution of fifteen quantitative traits to the total variability in rice using Principal component analysis. In the present investigation PCA was performed for fifteen quantitative traits of rice. All the 3PCs exhibited more than 1.0 Eigen value and showed about 95.00% variability. Therefore, these PCs were given due important for the further explanation. The PC1 showed 77.28 per cent variation of total variation followed by second to third components which accounted 15.65 and 2.05 per cent of total variation presented among the genotypes, respectively. PC1 contributed 77.28% of the total variation and correlated with total carbohydrate, generation of H2O2, days to 50% flowering, biological yield, number of fertile grains per panicle, panicle length and flag leaf area while PC2 explained an additional 15.65% of the total variation and dominated by total carbohydrate, days to 50% flowering, harvest index, biological yield, total number of spikelet’s and plant height. PC III accounted 2.05 per cent of the total variability and correlated with the traits like days to 50% flowering, biological yield, total number of spikelet’s, 1000-seed weight, plant height, harvest index, generation of H2O2 and panicle length had maximum positive contribution Since, a total of 95.00% of the total variation was contributed by PC1 and PC2, therefore, these two principal components can be allowed for simultaneous selection of yield contributing traits in desi chickpea. Genotype usually found in more PC, were CR3933-13-2-1-4-1-2-1, TTB1011-14-171-2-2-1-2-1, TTB1032-45-937-2-3-3-1-1, (Santepheap3/IR49830-7/RajendraMahsuri)-1-3-1, (BR11/IR8041OB)-2-1-1, (RajendraMhasuri/CN1039)-4-2-1, TTB1011-14-243-1-2-2-2-1, TTB1032-45-937-2-3-3-1-1, CR4138-3-1-1, CR4139-9-2-1, CR4139-9-2- and CR4128-9-1-1. Genotypes fall in a common principal component were observed to be the most important factor for seed yield. These genotypes may further be utilized in breeding programmes for improving seed yield and these genotypes can be considered an ideotype breeding material for selection of traits viz. more total number of seed per plant and 100-seed weight further utilization in precise breeding programme.

A field experiment was carried out at Horticulture Research Center of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology Meerut, (UP) India during rabi season 2018-19 and 2019-20 respectively with entitled “Effect of different sources of nutrients and mulching on sustainable production of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) cv. Pusa Ashwani”. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and eleven treatments. The results showed that plants treated with integrated application of inorganic fertilizer, Vermicompost, Azotobacter, PSB (Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria), Black mulch (2.5 mm) proved significantly better over the recommended practice 100% RDF (Recommended doses of fertilizer) and control. However, plants treated without organic manures and inorganic fertilizers resulted in significant reduction for various growth, yield and quality parameters. Among the treatments, plants fortified with application of 50% RDF + 15 t/ha Vermicompost + Azotobacter (5 kg/ha) + PSB (5kg/ha) + Black mulch (2.5 mm) was found to better growth, yield and quality for both years.

The study was undertaken with the objectives to survey the source and chain of procurement process of the various types of wood being used in the market, assess their requirement of the kind of suitable wood preferred for a particular item of woodcraft for marketing in the particular countries and to explore the potential of alternate wood species which can be adopted by an artisan with existing technology/up-gradation of technology. The study was conducted through the collection of secondary data and primary data. The primary data was collected through a preliminary survey, a standardized questionnaire survey of various components of stakeholder’s namely (a) manufacturers and exporters, (b) commission agents/brokers, (c) traders, and(d) artisans. The present study revealed that 58% of manufactures and exporters and 86.38% of craftsmen agreed that the raw material procurement chain starts from the farmer’s field to Middleman then Commission agents and goes to the Craftsman. The majority of stakeholders responded that the middleman is the most important in the supply chain of the wood procurement process. The survey indicated that there is 0-5% incremental cost in every stage of the raw material procurement process and the approximately total incremental cost of wood is between 5-10% due to the existing supply chain. The data analysis related to a sequence of most demanding wood species for wood carving work indicated that 60% of commission agents/brokers responded for the sequence of Mango>Shisham>Poplar>Other, whereas 56.50% manufacturers and others. 83.33% commission agents/brokers, 85.71% manufacturers, and exporters, 97.87% traders, 98.26% craftsman responded negatively to the existence of imported wood species in the Saharanpur wood market.

A field experiment was conducted on sandy loam soil at Crop Research Centre of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh during rabi season (December 2018 to April 2019) in randomised block design with three replications. The treatments comprised of twelve tillage crop establishment methods were used for the experimentation and different observations were recorded during the crop growth period. The results indicated that the growth characters of wheat were significantly higher under wide raised bed residue retention (T9) except narrow raised bed residue retention (T7) and conventional tillage residue incorporation (T11) compared to other treatments. The grain yield, biological yield, harvest Index, yield attributes and grain weight were higher in treatments T9, T7, and T11, respectively. The improvement in grain yield with the tune of 32.09%, 28.14% and 25.49% was under treatments T9, T7 and T11 as compared to T12. It can be concluded that among crop establishment methods, wide raised bed residue retention (T9) found excellent to increase growth, yield attributes and yield for sustainability of wheat crop.

For the efficient hybrid seed production, several cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility (CMS) systems were identified in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum ( L) R. Br). However, most of the hybrids developed in pearl millet are based on A1 cytoplasm due to availability of high frequency of restorers in the natural population. This dependence on a single cytoplasm makes any hybrid seed industry vulnerable to disease and insect pest epidemics. A5 can be a good alternative to A1 since it is the most stable cytoplasm available. But due to very low frequency (~2%) of restorers available in germplasm, utilization of A5 cytoplasm in hybrid development had been almost negligible. Restorer breeding efficiency of this CMS system can be significantly increased by understanding the inheritance of fertility restoration by Rf-gene for A5 cytoplasm, which is poorly studied so far and only one publication is available. Present investigation aims to understand the genetics associated with fertility restoration of the A5 system of CMS in pearl millet using pollen fertility and seed set percent as a criterion in determining the fertile and sterile plants. Three diverse cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile A-lines belonging to the A5 cytoplasm (ICMA502555, ICMA507999 and ICMA512222) were crossed with two restorer lines (A5RT-17/8 and A5 RT-17/26) to produce 6 F1s and their respective F2s and backcrosses. These were evaluated for male sterility (S) and fertility (F) at ICAR-IARI, New Delhi during kharif 2019 and segregation ratio was established in all the generations using χ2 test. The segregation pattern of malesterile (S) and male fertile (F) plants observed in F2 and BC1 indicated dominant single-gene control of male fertility restoration with ICMA502555 and ICMA507999. However, segregation pattern with male-sterile line ICMA512222 had a good fit to 15F:1S ratio indicating two gene control with duplicate interaction. The deviations from the expected ratio with ICMA512222 cross may be due to influence of modifiers. Association between pollen fertility and seed set percent was significant and positive.

Introduction: Every year about 800 000 people take their own life and there are many more people who attempt suicide. The second leading cause of death was suicide among 15–29 year olds globally in 2015 although it occurred in most of the ages. Suicide does not just occur in high income countries, but is a global phenomenon in all regions of the world. In fact, over 78% of global suicides occurred in low and middle income countries in 2015. Materials and Methods: Present study is carried out among attempted suicide cases admitted in last 3years between Jan 2015 to Dec 2017 at Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre (RMCH&RC) Kanpur (U.P). Retrospective hospital record based study carried out after obtaining ethical clearance from institutional ethical committee. Data was collected from medical record section. Inclusion Criteria: Patients admitted in the hospital and classified as ICD10 (X60-84) code for suicide under international coding of disease for whom, all necessary information were available, have been included in the study. Study Sample: Total (N=102) who were admitted at RMCH&RC and fulfilled the necessary information criteria included in study. Subjects aged Results and Discussion: Most of the suicide cases 47(46.1%) were aged between 15-25 years with mean age of suicide cases being 30.53 ±12.12, with M/F ratio (1.1:1). The data shows that most common method of suicide is the poisoning in 52.9% cases just literate were 62.7% and only 11.8%were illiterate. Hospital care determinants like duration of hospital stay was 3weeks for 4.9% cases only with mean duration of hospital stay was 7.60±6.24. Complications among survivors 27.5% Hepatic, 26.5% Physical disability, 17.6% Respiratory, 8.8% neurological and only 6.9?rdiacwith overall mortality (10.8%).The results are comparable with most of the hospital based studies. Conclusion: Mental health bill decriminalizing suicide passed by Parliament in India on March 27, 2017 that a person who attempts

Introduction: Obesity is emerging as a serious problem throughout the world, not only among adults but also children, teenagers and young adults. Of the factors contributing to obesity, stress seems to be particularly important as stressful condition leads to irregularity in diet, lack of exercise and addiction, each being considered an independent factor leading to obesity. Objectives: To find out the prevalence of overweight and obesity among medical students. To study the effects of physical activity on over weight /obesity and its Barriers among medical students of Rama Medical College Mandhana (Kanpur). Study Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among total 200 subjects included by simple random sampling method out of 480 medical students. Material and Methods: Anthropometric measurements (height and weight) were taken as per WHO criteria. Body mass index were calculated and classified accordingly as under weight normal weight, over weight and obese. Details of factors influencing BMI were obtained using a pretested questionnaire in a pilot study. Results The study revealed high prevalence of overweight/Obesity (33.6% with 95% CI 33.5%-40%).Out of 200 subjects (25.5%)were overweight and (8.1%) found obese respectively rest 61% subjects with Normal weight and 5.5% were under weight. In our study only 106 (57%) subjects were physically active and 94 (47%) were physically not active having deferent barriers to physical activity. Among those who were physically not active, 22(23.40%) students reported personal barriers as a cause for physical inactivity. 23(24.46%) were having psychological barriers. But majority of subjects 49 (52.13%) were having social cognitive behavior related barriers to physical activity. Conclusion: Increased prevalence of overweight and obesity among medical students were observed. The importance of regular physical activity and certain aspects of healthy life style are to be stressed. Social cognitive behavior related barriers to physical activity should be removed among future doctors who are not physically active. Keywords: Obesity, overweight, BMI, Physical activity, Barriers to physical activity.

Agroforestry is recognized as most diversified sustainable system to support farmers income. In order to assess the effect of nutrient management system under agro forestry based cropping system, a field study was conducted during kharif season of 2017 on mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] at the Agricultural Research Farm, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur (UP). The experimental trial was conducted in simple RBD with four replications and six treatments, viz. 75% RDF+ Rhizobium, 75% RDF+ Biochar+ Rhizobium, 100% RDF+ Rhizobium, 75% RDF+ FYM+ Rhizobium, 75% RDF+ Vermicompost+ Rhizobium and 75% RDF + pressmud+ Rhizobium. Results revealed that highest growth parameters such as plant height, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, trifoliate leaves, chlorophyll content, root nodules/plant and dry weight of root nodules and yield attributes and was observed with the application of 75% RDF + pressmud+ Rhizobium than other nutrient sources. Furthermore, highest gross return, net return was observed with the application of 75% RDF + vermicompost + Rhizobium. However, highest B:C ratio was observed with the application of 100% RDF + Rhizobium.

The nitrogen concentration of ultrathin gate oxides (sub-1.3 nm) was varied in a wide range (from 13 % to 23 %). The threshold voltage and the channel carrier mobility of advanced 65 nm technology CMOSFET transistors fabricated with these oxides were analyzed. It was observed that increasing the nitrogen concentration in the gate oxide results in a negative shift of the threshold voltage for both NMOS and PMOS devices and a degradation of the hole mobility. It was also observed that pchannel transistors are more sensitive to the nitrogen concentration of the gate oxide than n-channel transistors.

Background: A person’s adherence to the prevention measures is essential for controlling the spread of COVID-19, which can be explain by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) on COVID-19. Thus, we conducted a survey to investigate the KAP on COVID-19 among the medical students of a Rama Medical College during the rapid rise of the COVID-19 outbreak. Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging respiratory infection caused by a novel coronavirus called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2). The outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on January 30, 2020. The WHO has now characterized the outbreak as a pandemic. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional surveywas conducted among the medical students from Rama medical college, in Kanpur (U.P), from 30th June to 20th July 2020, the 3 weeks. Predesigned questionnaire based online survey was used for data collection total 281 students From 3 MBBS Batches included in the study. Total 23 questions related to KAP regarding COVID-19 out of which (11 related to Knowledge, 4 related to Attitude and 8 related to Practices) scores were calculated, t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of the total participants (n=281), 50.2% were males while the rest were female (49.8%); the majority of them 63.3% were 21 years old while only 36.7% were 17-20 years old. Almost all the participants (96.8%) avoid unnecessary travel or outing during the outbreak under the lock down period due to COVID-19. Although no significant relationship was found between different genders, age-categories in terms of Attitude and practices, the male participants had higher knowledge. In addition, but gender had no significant impact on knowledge scores (P>0.05) while among age groups was not have a significant relation with attitude score (P>0.05). Conclusion: Positive results were seen in the study but there is constant need of updating knowledge of the health

The knowledge of the compaction behavior of goaf is critical for the stability and rational design of depillaring workings in a given geomining condition, particularly in conditions where part of the overburden is distressed in the presence of softcover comprising of dump material. In this study, a Bord and Pillar working from Jharia coalfield has been considered for the study of progressive caving behavior and goaf compaction under a similar geomining condition. An algorithm was developed and implemented with the help of FISH subroutines for plane-strain simulation of progressive caving of strata, filling of goaf and its compaction in a depillaring working using finite difference software—FLAC. The compaction and stress recovery of different goaf filled zones have also been evaluated with the progressive depillaring till the extent of working becomes extensive enough to offset the effect of cover depth. The findings show that the magnitude of the stress accommodated at the bottom of the goaf material is governed by the span of fractured strata and the distance between the face and the point of maximum stress in the goaf. The caved goaf material recovers almost 15% of the in situ stress after the main fall, whereas 89% of the stress recovery is observed at 200 m of face advance, which is almost twice the depth of cover. The goaf material spanning up to 40 m from the goaf edge achieves 50% of the maximum stress recovery at this stage. The modeling approach developed in this paper with the help of various subroutines amply explains the mechanism of compaction and settlement of the goaf material filled cyclically following progressive caving of roof in the depillaring working.

Purpose: This study aimed to report the surgical outcomes of autologous Simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET) performed for unilateral limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) following chemical injury. Materials and Methods: This was single centre prospective case series of patients who developed unilateral LSCD after chemical injury and underwent SLET between December 2018 and September 2019 with follow up of 3-6 months. Primary outcome was restoration of completely epithelized avascular corneal surface. The secondary outcome was percentage of eyes which gained vision. Results: This study included 5 eyes of 5 patients with follow up of 3-6 months. Stable corneal surface was obtained clinically in 4 cases out of 5 and visual acuity gain seen in 3 patients. The factors associated with failure of vision improvement were time of chemical injury (during childhood), duration of injury to SLET procedure and previous history of surgical procedure. Complications seen are haemorrhage under hAM, focal recurrence, symblepharon, keratitis and loss of explants post operatively. Conclusion: Autologous SLET is an effective and safe modality for the treatment of unilateral LSCD. It causes stabilization of ocular surface and also facilitates visual improvement. In a developing country like India, with limited facilities in the healthcare system, auto-SLET is a boon for patients with unilateral LSCD. Keywords: Chemical injury, Simple limbal epithelial, transplantation, Limbal stem cell deficiency.