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O objetivo principal do estudo é analisar a relação causal existente entre a qualidade, a satisfação, a fidelidade e a imagem de destinos. Para tanto, se realizou um estudo exploratório-descritivo, do tipo Survey, com enfoque analítico quantitativo. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de questionário aplicado junto aos turistas nacionais no Aeroporto Internacional Augusto Severo e na Rodoviária da Cidade do Natal, principais locais de entrada e saída de turistas no local. A composição amostral foi aleatória simples chegando-se ao número final de 400 turistas entrevistados. Dentre os principais resultados, observou-se que são nove as dimensões da percepção de qualidade de destinos de Sol e Praia, ou seja, Praias e Facilidades, Equipamentos Públicos, Alimentos e Bebidas, Serviços de Transportes, Equipamentos do Hotel, Serviços do Hotel, Entretenimento e Atrativos, Acesso ao Hotel e Hospitalidade. Concluiu-se que a imagem exerce influência forte e direta tanto no processo de satisfação do consumidor quanto no de fidelização. As dimensões da qualidade encontradas também se apresentaram como fortes influenciadoras de ambos os fatores, sendo que a satisfação influencia de forma direta a fidelização ao destino.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:59:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0034-737X2010000500015.pdf: 42257 bytes, checksum: f5faac96c70bfedda9970ab7e1ecd5af (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:59:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0034-737X2010000500015.pdf: 42257 bytes, checksum: f5faac96c70bfedda9970ab7e1ecd5af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:57:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0034-737X2010000500015.pdf: 42257 bytes, checksum: f5faac96c70bfedda9970ab7e1ecd5af (MD5) S0034-737X2010000500015.pdf.txt: 29537 bytes, checksum: 4a811be1f9c9b72afcd14755734a09aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:14:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0034-737X2010000500015.pdf: 42257 bytes, checksum: f5faac96c70bfedda9970ab7e1ecd5af (MD5) S0034-737X2010000500015.pdf.txt: 29537 bytes, checksum: 4a811be1f9c9b72afcd14755734a09aa (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:14:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0034-737X2010000500015.pdf: 42257 bytes, checksum: f5faac96c70bfedda9970ab7e1ecd5af (MD5) S0034-737X2010000500015.pdf.txt: 29537 bytes, checksum: 4a811be1f9c9b72afcd14755734a09aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-01 O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção e a qualidade dos frutos da goiabeira 'Paluma' com cinco anos de idade, submetida a podas drásticas, em diferentes meses, na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel FCA/UNESP, Campus de Botucatu-SP. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e dez repetições, com uma planta útil por parcela experimental, completamente rodeada por quatro plantas na bordadura. Os tratamentos corresponderam aos seguintes meses de poda: T1: sem poda (testemunha), T2: poda em agosto, T3: poda em setembro e T4: poda em outubro. As características avaliadas foram: número, peso médio, diâmetros longitudinal e transversal dos frutos, produção por planta, produtividade, teores de sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), relação SS/AT e pH. Com relação ao número de dias entre o início e o final das colheitas (período produtivo), observou-se que a poda, independentemente da época, favoreceu o aumento do intervalo de produção. As goiabeiras submetidas à poda em agosto apresentaram maiores valores de número médio de frutos (385) e de produção por planta (58,82 kg planta-1), diferindo das outras épocas. Os teores de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, pH e relação SS/AT dos frutos não foram influenciados pelas épocas de realização da poda. The aim of this work was to evaluate the yield and fruit quality of the 'Paluma' guava subjected to drastic pruning, in different months, at São Manuel Experimental Farm FCA/UNESP, Botucatu Campus-SP, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a complete randomized design with four treatments and 10 replications, with one plant per plot. The treatments consisted of: T1: no pruning, T2: pruning in August, T3: pruning in September and T4: pruning in October. The following characteristics were measured: number of fruits, yield per tree, weight of fruits, longitudinal and transversal diameters, total soluble solid content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA and pH. Regarding the number of days between the beginning and end of the harvest (productive period), the pruning, regardless of the time, increased the harvest period when compared with non-pruned plants (control). The guava plants pruned in August showed higher number of fruits (385) and yield per plant (58.82 kg / plant), differing from the other pruning times. The total soluble solid contents, titratable acidity, pH and SS/TA of the fruits were not influenced by pruning times. UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Departamento de Horticultura UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Departamento de Gestão e Tecnologia de Alimentos APTA UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Departamento de Horticultura UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Departamento de Gestão e Tecnologia de Alimentos

The purpose of this article was to review the fluoride release and recharge capabilities, and antibacterial properties, of fluoride-releasing dental restoratives, and discuss the current status concerning the prevention or inhibition of caries development and progression. Fluoride-containing dental materials reported in literature are glass-ionomer cements, resin-modified glass-ionomer cements, polyacid-modified composites (“compomers”), fluoride-releasing composites and fluoride-releasing amalgams. Therefore, original scientific papers and reviews listed in PubMed were included in the review. Fluoride-containing dental materials show clear differences in the fluoride release and uptake characteristics. Clinical studies exhibited conflicting data as to whether or not these materials significantly prevent or inhibit secondary caries. Fluoride-releasing materials, predominantly glassionomers and compomers, did show cariostatic properties and may affect bacterial metabolism under simulated cariogenic conditions in vitro. However, it is not proven by prospective clinical studies whether the incidence of secondary caries can be significantly reduced by the fluoride release of restorative materials.ResumoEsta revisão bibliográfica tem como objectivo comparar diferentes materiais restauradores libertadores de flúor, incidindo nas seguintes características: libertação de flúor, capacidade de recarga e efeito anti-microbiano, abordando, ainda, o estado actual da capacidade de pre¬venção ou inibição do desenvolvimento e progressão das lesões cariosas. Os materiais restauradores libertadores de flúor referidos na literatura são: ionómeros de vidro convencionais, ionómeros de vidro modificados por resina, resinas compostas modificadas por poliácidos (“compómeros”), resinas compostas libertadoras de flúor e amálgamas libertadoras de flúor. Focaram-se, particularmente, os ionómeros de vidro convencionais, os ionómeros de vidro modificados por resina e os “compómeros”, devido a maior relevância clínica na actualidade. Para o efeito, foram pesquisados artigos científicos em publicações de referência, recorrendo ao endereço electrónico da PubMed. Os materiais restauradores libertadores de flúor apresentam diferenças evidentes no que diz respeito à libertação de flúor e capacidade de recarga. Estudos clínicos relatam dados discordantes no que respeita à capacidade destes materiais prevenirem ou inibirem de forma estatisticamente significativa o desenvolvimento de cáries secundárias. Os materiais libertadores de flúor, particularmente os ionó¬meros de vidro e os “compómeros”, podem afectar o metabolismo bacteriano quando sujeitos a condições cariogénicas in vitro. No entanto, não existem estudos clínicos que provem que a incidência de cáries secundárias possa ser reduzida de forma estatisticamente significativa com a utilização de materiais restauradores libertadores de flúor.

Amphibians have been reported as sensitive organisms whose survival has been impaired by several environmental factors. Nevertheless, sometimes amphibians are found inhabiting extreme environments. Thus, in order to perceive how Iberian green frogs (Rana perezi Seoane) are able to survive in the ponds of a uranium mine (Central Portugal) this study aimed to assess the ecotoxicological effects promoted by the mine effluent in the early-life stages of this species. To attain this objective, eggs (collected in a nearby reference river) and laboratory hatching larvae were exposed during 96 h to different dilutions of the effluent. All the effects on the hatch success were recorded. The highest concentration of the effluent produced a significant decrease in body length of larvae, as well as a decrease in stimulus reactions and an increase in pigmentation along with tail deformities. A recovery assay showed an increased bioaccumulation of metals, uranium included, resulting from increased effluent exposure.

As a way of getting a comprehensive assessment of soil quality it is necessary to gather information on several appropriate soil parameters as well as also to perceive their spatial variation between geographic regions. The present work aimed to characterize and compare soil samples from different geographical regions and vegetation covers in the Portuguese territory through the use of physicochemical, biological and biochemical parameters. The study also intended to ascertain if those parameters are sensitive tools that consistently respond to geographical variations. Physical and chemical (soil organic matter contents, moisture, pH and conductivity), biological (macroarthropod es and diversity) and biochemical (potential nitrification, dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activities) soil parameters were determined for three different regions of Portugal. Several sub-areas were chosen within each region, in order to include main vegetation patches. At each sampling sub-area, 5 traps were randomly set up for the collection of macroarthropods. For each sampling location, diversity descriptors of soil macrofauna were calculated: species richness, β diversity, the Shannon diversity (H′) and Pielou evenness (J′) indices. A principal component analysis (PCA) was used to plot the different sampling locations based on physical and chemical parameters; a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was performed to analyse the relationships between soil fauna and environmental variables (physicochemical parameters and enzyme activities) and a partial canonical correspondence analysis (pCCA), with vegetation patches as covariables, was carried out to perceive their contribution to the variation in macroarthropod distribution. Physical and chemical parameters discriminated soils from the different geographic regions in the PCA. Nevertheless, a CCA of environmental variables (physical and chemical properties, dehydrogenase activity, acid phosphatase activity and potential nitrification) and soil macroarthropod catches only discriminated continental soils (Arouca and S. Domingos Mine) from insular ones (Porto Santo Island). The former were correlated with high dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and potential nitrification values, while soils from the Porto Santo Island were particularly correlated with high pH values and low moisture percentages. However, in spite of the extreme conditions, Porto Santo sampling sub-areas presented a great diversity of macroarthropods, especially when compared to the S. Domingos Mine. The pCCA showed that the different vegetation patches only explained 15% of the variation in edaphic species distribution. Even though physical and chemical parameters were sufficient to discriminate the different geographical regions included in this study, biochemical and biological parameters grouped continental regions, discriminating them from the insular one. According to the CCA triplot, it was evident that the sampling sub-areas from the island were negatively correlated with soil moisture, suggesting that this was probably the main factor for the suppression of the microbial parameters in the island. On the other hand, the location of the S. Domingos mine area, in a metallogenetic province — the Iberian Pyrite Belt — may have contributed to the dominance of taxa more adapted to higher background levels of heavy metals. In order to perceive geographical variation among different regions, more information is needed regarding different vegetation covers and the chemical composition of their corresponding litter, as well as about other soil chemical parameters. The data gathered in this study will help to distinguish variation in soil biological and biochemical parameters induced by abiotic conditions from the one promoted by anthropogenic disturbances.

Summary 1. The fish fauna of many shallow Mediterranean Lakes is dominated by small-bodied exotic omnivores, with potential implications for fish–zooplankton interactions still largely unknown. Here we studied diel variation in the vertical and horizontal distribution of the crustacean plankton in Lake Vela, a shallow polymictic and eutrophic lake. Diel sampling was carried out on three consecutive days along a horizontal transect, including an open-water station and a macrophyte (Nymphaea alba) bed. Since transparency is a key determinant of the predation risk posed by fish, the zooplankton sampling campaigns were conducted in both the turbid (autumn) and clear water (spring) phases. 2. In the turbid phase, most taxa were homogeneously distributed along the vertical and horizontal axes in the three consecutive days. The only exception was for copepod nauplii, which showed vertical heterogeneity, possibly as a response to invertebrate predators. 3. In the clear water phase, most zooplankton taxa displayed habitat selection. Vertically, the general response consisted of a daily vertical migration (DVM), despite the limited depth (1.6 m). Horizontally, zooplankters showed an overall preference for the pelagic zone, independent of the time of the day. Such evidence is contrary to the postulated role of macrophytes as an anti-predator refuge for the zooplankton. 4. These vertical (DVM) and horizontal (macrophyte-avoidance) patterns were particularly conspicuous for large Daphnia, suggesting that predation risk from size-selective predators (fish) was the main factor behind the spatial heterogeneity of zooplankton in the spring. Thus, the difference in the zooplankton spatial distribution pattern and habitat selection among seasons (turbid and clear water phases) seems to be mediated the predation risk from fish, which is directly related to water transparency. 5. The zooplankton in Lake Vela have anti-predator behaviour that minimises predation from fish. We hypothesise that, due to the distinct fish community of shallow Mediterranean lakes, aquatic macrophytes may not provide adequate refuge to zooplankters, as seen in northern temperate lakes.

Uranium mining activities in Cunha Baixa, Mangualde (Portugal), were extensive between 1967 and 1993, with high production of poor ore. Ore exploitation left millions of tons of tailings in the surrounding area, close to human houses. Contamination of the area (water and soil compartment) presently represents a serious hazard to humans and wildlife. The aim of this work was to evaluate the acute toxicity of water and sediments from a pond that floods a uranium mine pit, in two periods (spring and autumn). High contents of metals were found in water samples (chiefly Mn, Fe, Al, U, Sr). A battery of assays was applied to screen the acute toxicity of the different compartments using algae, crustaceans and dipterans. Results showed that the sediments were non-toxic, unlike the superficial water. Water toxicity was higher in the autumn, when the effluent was more acidic, compared to spring. In the water toxicity assays, the relative sensitivity of the test species used was Daphnia longispina>Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata>Daphnia magna. The present study is part of the chemical and ecotoxicological characterisation of the aquatic compartment performed in the Tier 1 of the Ecological Risk Assessment of the Cunha Baixa mining area.

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou estudar a temática do cuidado, inerente e imanente às relações dos sujeitos da saúde, a partir de uma pesquisa teórica com implicações para a prática. Utilizamos o referencial filosófico de Merleau-Ponty, que analisa o sujeito do conhecimento em sua experiência mundana. Sob esta ótica, parte-se do pressuposto de que a experiência vivida pelo profissional da ciência médica, em seus campos de atuação, abre um espaço singular de constituição de sentidos em suas trocas intersubjetivas. A linguagem, como ponto de partida para o entendimento da relação entre a equipe de saúde e os usuários dos equipamentos, tem na comunicação a possibilidade de abertura para o homem se constituir enquanto sujeito autônomo; e a cada momento, a fala propicia a interação entre o eu e o outro, favorecendo o encontro. A fenomenologia, cada vez mais evidenciada em estudos de saúde, é importante ferramenta para a educação médica e, ao apresentar a linguagem como o sentido que habita a palavra, torna-se elemento-chave das atuações clínico-institucionais, promovendo a produção de cuidado. ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the subject of care, inherent and immanent to the relations of health subjects, based on theoretical research with practical implications. We use Merleau-Ponty’s philosophical framework, which analyzes the subject of knowledge in their mundane experience. From this perspective, it is normally assumed that the experience of the medical professional in their fields presents a unique space constituting an interchange of meanings. Language, as a starting point for understanding the relationship between the health care team of and equipment users represents, through communication, the possibility of offering man the chance to establish himself as an autonomous subject; and speech, at all times, provides the interaction between the self and the other, encouraging the meeting. Phenomenology, increasingly demonstrated in health studies, is an important tool for medical education, by presenting language as the meaning that inhabits the word, becoming a key element of clinical and institutional actions and promoting care production.

O presente trabalho visa apresentar a evolução histórica das ações ambientais, especificamente do ponto de vista da gestão ambiental no Brasil. Realizando para isso uma pesquisa bibliográfica descritiva em periódicos nacionais e internacionais, livros e arquivos referentes à temáticas aludida. Observaram-se avanços na implantação de ações de preservação ambiental principalmente na década de 90. Incluso o Brasil, principalmente depois da ECO 92, gerando uma pressão no sentido de minimizar as ações de impacto negativo sobre o ambiente. Como a criação da norma ISO 14000 em 1996, os de gestão ambiental passaram a ter uma referência internacional, ganhando adesão crescente de degradação ambiental em detrimento do desenvolvimento sustentando, levando à falência do meio ambiente e da sociedade Mundial e brasileira.

Four soybean (Glycine max L. Merril.) cultivars were contrasted in relation to germination and vigour of seedlings, when seeds were submitted to water stress induced by mannitol or sodium chloride. Water stress affected seed germination and seedling development, however, seedling development was affect in higher osmotic potential (-0.3MPa) than the necessary to affect germination -1.2MPa when induced by mannitol or -0.6MPa when induced by sodium chloride. 'Pioneira' and 'Xingu' cultivars had high development in low water availability and/or salinity conditions.A disponibilidade hídrica e o movimento de água para as sementes são muito importantes para a ocorrência da germinação, crescimento inicial do sistema radicular e emergência das plântulas, sendo estes fatores influenciados pelo potencial mátrico do solo, textura do solo e área de contato solo - semente. Objetivou-se a avaliação do efeito do estresse hídrico, em quatro cultivares, induzido por soluções de manitol e cloreto de sódio, sobre a germinação e vigor de plântulas de soja. O estresse hídrico induzido por manitol e NaCl afetou a germinação e o desenvolvimento das plântulas, porém o desenvolvimento das plântulas foi prejudicado em potenciais osmóticos maiores (0,3MPa) que o necessário para afetar a germinação ou seja, -1,2 MPa para estresse hídrico induzido por manitol e -0,6MPa para estresse hídrico induzido por NaCl. Os cultivares 'Pioneira' e 'Xingu' mostraram maior desenvolvimento em condições de baixa disponibilidade hídrica e/ou condições de salinidade.

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma revisão teórica sobre o passivo ambiental para uso de gestores públicos ou privados, bem como de pesquisadores no setor de exploração de petróleo. Essa revisão, além de apresentar uma definição de passivo ambiental, também define os tipos e técnicas de passivo coletadas pela Agência de Proteção Ambiental Americana (EPA), técnicas essas que objetivam a estimação de diversos tipos de custos ambientais, decorrentes de atividades passadas ou presentes, da produção de bens que causaram ou, provavelmente, venham a causar danos ao meio ambiente e, conseqüentemente, algumas implicações de natureza legal, econômica e social.The objective of this work is to present a theoretical revision on the environmental liabilities for use of public or private managers, as well as of researchers in the sector of oil exploration. This revision, besides presenting a definition of environmental liabilities, also defines the types and techniques of liabilities collected by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which aim the estimation of different types of ambient costs, resulting from past or present activities, of the production of goods that caused or, will probably, come to cause damages to the environment and, consequently, some implications of legal, economic and social nature.

Hipertensão pulmonar primária é uma doença rara, progressiva e com alta mortalidade, cujo tratamento baseia-se em medicações de alto custo e pouco disponíveis em nosso meio. O sildenafil é um vasodilatador de fácil administração por via oral, com indicação primária para disfunção erétil e que recentemente tem sido descrito como opção terapêutica para a hipertensão pulmonar primária. Relata-se o caso de uma paciente de 21 anos com diagnóstico de hipertensão pulmonar primária, que apresentou piora abrupta da saturação de oxigênio, com abertura do forame oval e shunt direita-esquerda, evidenciados ao ecocardiograma. Foi introduzido sildenafil na dose de 225mg/dia com melhora progressiva da oxigenação e reversão do shunt após 40 dias. Os autores acreditam que o sildenafil seja uma opção no tratamento da hipertensão pulmonar primária, embora estudos clínicos que comprovem sua segurança e eficácia ainda sejam necessários. Primary pulmonary hypertension is a rare, progressive disease with high mortality rates. The treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension is still based on high-cost drugs, not yet available in developing countries. Recently, the use of sildenafil as an alternative drug for primary pulmonary hypertension treatment has been reported. It is reported a case of a 21 year-old female patient with primary pulmonary hypertension, who presented an acute worsening of symptoms and decrease of oxygen saturation. The investigation revealed the existence of a patent oval foramen not previously seen, with right-to-left shunt. Sildenafil treatment was instituted in escalating doses. After 40 days of treatment, the echocardiogram showed resolution of the shunt, concomitant to oxygenation improvement. The authors believe that sildenafil is a feasible alternative for primary pulmonary hypertension treatment, although larger clinical trials are necessary to determine its clinical safety and efficacy.

Hipertensão pulmonar primária é uma doença rara, progressiva e com alta mortalidade, cujo tratamento baseia-se em medicações de alto custo e pouco disponíveis em nosso meio. O sildenafil é um vasodilatador de fácil administração por via oral, com indicação primária para disfunção erétil e que recentemente tem sido descrito como opção terapêutica para a hipertensão pulmonar primária. Relata-se o caso de uma paciente de 21 anos com diagnóstico de hipertensão pulmonar primária, que apresentou piora abrupta da saturação de oxigênio, com abertura do forame oval e shunt direita-esquerda, evidenciados ao ecocardiograma. Foi introduzido sildenafil na dose de 225mg/dia com melhora progressiva da oxigenação e reversão do shunt após 40 dias. Os autores acreditam que o sildenafil seja uma opção no tratamento da hipertensão pulmonar primária, embora estudos clínicos que comprovem sua segurança e eficácia ainda sejam necessários.Primary pulmonary hypertension is a rare, progressive disease with high mortality rates. The treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension is still based on high-cost drugs, not yet available in developing countries. Recently, the use of sildenafil as an alternative drug for primary pulmonary hypertension treatment has been reported. It is reported a case of a 21 year-old female patient with primary pulmonary hypertension, who presented an acute worsening of symptoms and decrease of oxygen saturation. The investigation revealed the existence of a patent oval foramen not previously seen, with right-to-left shunt. Sildenafil treatment was instituted in escalating doses. After 40 days of treatment, the echocardiogram showed resolution of the shunt, concomitant to oxygenation improvement. The authors believe that sildenafil is a feasible alternative for primary pulmonary hypertension treatment, although larger clinical trials are necessary to determine its clinical safety and efficacy.

O banco de itens do domínio Fadiga faz parte de um sistema americano desenvolvido para avaliação de resultados relatados pelos pacientes denominado Patient-Reported-Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). Este estudo teve como objetivo traduzir e adaptar transculturalmente esse banco de itens para a população brasileira por ser uma nova promessa de avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde. Os itens deste banco foram traduzidos, utilizando protocolos rigorosos de tradução e retrotradução. A versão traduzida foi pré-testada por vinte brasileiros que responderam a uma breve entrevista cognitiva e retrospectiva a fim de testar as equivalências conceitual, cultural e semântica dos itens. No processo de tradução e retrotradução, apenas três dos 82 itens tiveram de ser reescritos devido ao conteúdo culturalmente inadequado. No pré-teste, apenas quatro itens necessitaram ser reescritos, mas sem alteração conceitual e semântica. Os resultados demonstram que a versão traduzida desse banco de itens é conceitual, cultural e semanticamente equivalente à sua versão original. The items bank of the Fatigue domain is part of an American system developed for evaluation of results reported by patients, called Patient-Reported-Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). This study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt this item bank for the Brazilian population, as a promising new tool for evaluating health-related quality of life. The items in this bank were translated using rigorous translation and back-translation protocols. The translated version was pre-tested in twenty Brazilians with a brief cognitive and retrospective interview in order to test the items’ conceptual, cultural, and semantic equivalences. In the translation and back-translation process, only three of the 82 items had to be reworded due to the culturally inadequate content. In the pretest, only four items needed to be reworded, but without conceptual and semantic alterations. The results showed that the translated version of this item bank is conceptually, culturally, and semantically equivalent to the original version. El banco de ítems del dominio fatiga forma parte de un sistema estadounidense, desarrollado para la evaluación de los resultados reportados por los pacientes denominados Patient-Reported-Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). Este estudio tuvo como objetivo traducir y adaptar interculturalmente el banco de ítems para que fuera sometido a la perspectiva brasileña, al tratarse de una prometedora nueva evaluación de la calidad de vida, relacionada con la salud. Los elementos en el banco se transforman utilizando un estricto protocolo de traducción y re-traducción. Sobre la versión traducida se realizaron pre-pruebas en 20 brasileños que respondieron a una breve entrevista cognitiva y retrospectiva, con el fin de probar la equivalencia conceptual, cultural y semántica de los ítems. En el proceso de traducción y re-traducción sólo tres de los 82 ítems tuvieron que ser rescritos. En la pre-prueba se mostró que sólo cuatro elementos son necesarios volver a escribirlos, pero sin cambio conceptual y semántico. Los resultados muestran que esta versión traducida es conceptual, cultural y semánticamente equivalente a la versión original.

O artigo centra-se na análise do conto de Charles Nodier, “La légende de soeur Béatrix”, sob a perspectiva do fantástico literário; na criação de seu texto ficcional, o autor parte de uma lenda hagiográfica que acaba por mesclar-se a mitos antigos, associando o mito mariano ao da deusa grega Perséfone. Metáfora da poesia e da musa que caminha entre os dois mitos, a personagem do conto, irmã Béatrix, mostra que a encarnação é o caminho para o reavivamento do mito e da poesia.

Este estudo objetivou avaliar os atributos da atenção primária, com enfoque sobre a saúde infantil, segundo a percepção de uma comunidade quilombola no Norte de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de pesquisa transversal, descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa. Utilizou-se o Instrumento de Avaliação da Atenção Primária, versão infantil (PCA-Tool, versão criança), com aplicação aos cuidadores das crianças residentes e cadastradas na comunidade quilombola. Os atributos da atenção primária foram avaliados através dos escores aferidos pelos cuidadores, segundo critérios do instrumento. Apenas dois atributos da atenção primária apresentaram valores satisfatórios: Acesso-Utilização e Coordenação-Sistema de informação. Os piores escores foram para os atributos de Orientação Familiar e Acesso-acessibilidade. O escore geral também mostrou valor abaixo do satisfatório. Os resultados registram baixa fidelidade aos atributos da atenção primária, segundo a percepção dos cuidadores e destacam a necessidade de maiores esforços para adequação do novo modelo assistencial para a população estudada. This study sought to evaluate the attributes of primary care, with a focus on child health, from the viewpoint of a 'quilombola' community in the north of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil (A quilombola is a resident of a quilombo in Brazil. They are the descendents of Afro-Brazilian slaves who escaped from slave plantations that existed in Brazil until abolition in 1888). It is a cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCA-Tool, child version) was used and applied to the main caregivers of child residents duly registered in the quilombola community. The attributes of primary care were assessed using scores awarded by caregivers, according to the criteria of the instrument. Only two attributes of primary care revealed satisfactory values: Access-Use and Information Coordination-System. The lowest scores were for the attributes of Family Guidance and Access-accessibility. The overall score was also below the satisfactory assessment. The results register low fidelity to attributes of primary care, as perceived by caregivers, and highlight the need for greater efforts to adapt the new model of care for the population under scrutiny.

The Award on Maritime Delimitation concerning the second stage of the Eritrea/Yemen case (hereinafter “Award” or “Second Award”) was delivered on 17 December 1999, pursuant to the Arbitration Agreement signed in October 1996 and following the Award on Territorial Sovereignty rendered on 9 October 1998 (hereinafter “First Award”). The two-stage settlement devised in Article 2 of the arbitral compromis bears a perceptive logic—territorial sovereignty issues precede maritime delimitation—the advantages of which makes it likely to be adopted in future similar dispute settlements. Importantly, in casu, the objective of re-establishing a peaceful relationship between the two peoples and contributing to the maintenance of international peace and security in a sensitive region of the world seems to have been attained.1

On 29 March 1994, Cameroon seized the International Court of Justice of a dispute against Nigeria. Inter alia, Cameroon requested the Court "to proceed to prolong the course of its maritime boundary with the Federal Republic of Nigeria up to the limit of the maritime zones which international law places under their respective jurisdictions". Considering that its rights and interests might be affected by the Court's decision on this matter, Equatorial Guinea filed an Application for Permission to Intervene in the Cameroon v Nigeria case. By an order of 21 October 1999 the Court granted Equatorial Guinea's request. This article seeks to examine the question of maritime delimitation as it is presented to the Court in the Cameroon v Nigeria case, taking into account the geographical setting that characterises the Gulf of Guinea, an area where the potential maritime entitlements of five states overlap considerably.

In December 1995 Eritrean and Yemeni armed forces clashed in one of the islands situated off the coast of these two States in the Red Sea (Greater Hanish1). Behind the incident was a dispute concerning,inter alia, the territorial sovereignty over several uninhabited islands in the area, the definition of the maritime boundary between the two States and the use of the waters surrounding the islands by fishermen of both States.2Undoubtedly, this dispute is deeply rooted in the history of the two States, and their peoples.

O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir na análise sobre o tema da Morte na poesia de Álvares de Azevedo. O individualismo é um dos traços característicos do sentimento romântico. Para o sociólogo Edgar Morin, é o senso de individualidade que faz o homem notar e temer a Morte, por isso este se torna um dos temas principais da poesia romântica. Álvares de Azevedo destaca-se dentre nossos poetas da Morte. Em “O poeta moribundo”, o autor corrói a imagem da Morte por meio do sarcasmo e do riso sardônico, elementos que mascaram o terror do Eu diante da aniquilação

The items bank of the Fatigue domain is part of an American system developed for evaluation of results reported by patients, called Patient-Reported-Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). This study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt this item bank for the Brazilian population, as a promising new tool for evaluating health-related quality of life. The items in this bank were translated using rigorous translation and back-translation protocols. The translated version was pre-tested in twenty Brazilians with a brief cognitive and retrospective interview in order to test the items' conceptual, cultural, and semantic equivalences. In the translation and back-translation process, only three of the 82 items had to be reworded due to the culturally inadequate content. In the pretest, only four items needed to be reworded, but without conceptual and semantic alterations. The results showed that the translated version of this item bank is conceptually, culturally, and semantically equivalent to the original version.

This study sought to evaluate the attributes of primary care, with a focus on child health, from the viewpoint of a 'quilombola' community in the north of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil (A quilombola is a resident of a quilombo in Brazil. They are the descendents of Afro-Brazilian slaves who escaped from slave plantations that existed in Brazil until abolition in 1888). It is a cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCA-Tool, child version) was used and applied to the main caregivers of child residents duly registered in the quilombola community. The attributes of primary care were assessed using scores awarded by caregivers, according to the criteria of the instrument. Only two attributes of primary care revealed satisfactory values: Access-Use and Information Coordination-System. The lowest scores were for the attributes of Family Guidance and Access-accessibility. The overall score was also below the satisfactory assessment. The results register low fidelity to attributes of primary care, as perceived by caregivers, and highlight the need for greater efforts to adapt the new model of care for the population under scrutiny.

Iberian green frogs (Pelophylax perezi) were found inhabiting a deactivated uranium mine, especially an effluent pond, seriously contaminated with metals and radionuclides. These animals were previously assessed for oxidative stress parameters and did not revealed significant alterations. In order to better understand which mechanisms may be involved in the ability to withstand permanent contamination gene expression analysis was performed in the liver, through suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). The SSH outcome in the liver revealed the up-regulation of genes coding for the ribosomal protein L7a and for several proteins typical from blood plasma: fibrinogen, hemoglobin and albumin. Besides their normal function, some of these proteins can play an important role as protective agents against oxidative stress. This work provides new insights on possible basal protection mechanisms that may act in organisms exposed chronically to contamination. Authors wish to acknowledge EDM for their collaboration. Sérgio M. Marques was supported by a PhD grant (Ref. SFRH/BD/38282/2007) from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education). This research is part of the projects Engenur (Ref. PTDC/AAC-AMB/114057/2009) funded by the Portuguese Government (Program Ciência - Inovação 2010) and by the European Social Fund. This research was also partially funded by FSE and POPH funds (Programa Ciência 2007). published

Mining activities invariably produce metal contaminated effluents. Depending on factors such as pH and metal concentration the toxicity of the effluent may vary. To assess the effects of three characteristically different effluent ponds from a deactivated uranium mine, with toxicologically relevant data, an in situ exposure with Pelophylax perezi tadpoles, was conducted. Tadpoles were exposed to the three effluent ponds, ranked by increasing order of metals concentrations (REF, M1, M2). Survival, growth, metal accumulation, antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were determined in tadpoles. As well, physical and chemical variables of the effluents were measured. Death percentage in the effluents was 3.17 (REF), 9.84 (M1) and 42.86% (M2) and was not coincident with metal accumulation which was highest in tadpoles exposed to M1, while metal contents in M2 tadpoles were quite similar to those recorded in REF tadpoles. However, high mortality in M2 was attributed to the extremely low pH (≈ 3.77). From the three effluents M2 tadpoles had the lowest growth and the antioxidant enzymatic activity was only affected in the case glutathione peroxidase (GPx) with significantly higher activity in M1, being in accordance with the highest accumulation of metals. LPO, usually associated with metal accumulation, had the following pattern M1. > REF. > M2. Overall, effluent toxicity in tadpoles exposed to M2 effluent seems to be primarily an effect of pH while in M1 toxicity is mainly owed to high metal concentrations. The effluent acidity seems to reduce metal accumulation probably due to damage in the integument, affecting ion uptake. The results obtained bring a better understanding of the toxicological processes that local P. perezi population is subjected to, mainly in the early life stages. Furthermore this study highlights the influence of pH in the toxicity of metal rich effluents. Authors wish to acknowledge EDM for their collaboration. Sérgio M. Marques was supported by a PhD grant (ref. SFRH/BD/38282/2007) from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education). This research is part of the projects Engenur (ref. PTDC/AAC-AMB/114057/2009) funded by the Portuguese Government (Program Ciência - Inovação 2010) and by the European Social Fund. This research was also partially funded by FSE and POPH funds (Programa Ciência 2007). published

Se levarmos em conta que a narrativa fantástica estruturou-se como uma categoria literária a partir do romantismo europeu, constataremos que há mais de dois séculos faz parte integrante da história literária ocidental. Por razões diversas, que dizem respeito às flutuações da moda, da políti-ca ou da história, ora participa da movimentação cultural e social, ora se eclipsa. Na literatura brasileira contemporânea, Lygia Fagundes Telles vem resgatar a literatura fantástica, inovando-a, ao mesmo tempo em que se volta para a tradição da categoria. Essa recuperação é feita pelo procedi-mento da intertextualidade, por meio de alusões a narrativas fantásticas dos séculos XIX e XX; dentre elas, destaca-se o diálogo intertextual que elabora com a obra de Edgar A. Poe, estabelecendo um espaço do encontro entre formações discursivas: do autor/narrador, do leitor e da tradição literária.

The Utopian Narrative emerges as a literary form in the Renaissance, in the work of Thomas More, Utopia, and founds a tradition in literature, which seeks to maintain or transcend the model features the English writer. This article seeks to define and list these characteristics of traditional Utopian Narrative, from the theories of Raymond Trousson, Luigi Firpo, Lyman Tower Sargent, Émile-Michel Cioran and others, in order to propose a system of essential elements for the analysis of this literary form.

A partir dos critérios propostos para avaliar a textualidade, comentados pelas lingüistas Ingedore Koch (1997) e Christina Bentes (2003), o artigo procura mostrar como o texto artístico moderno caracteriza-se por uma antitextualidade. O confronto desses fatores com as qualidades do texto literário, apontadas por pesquisadores e críticos da Literatura, como Antonio Candido (2000), Hugo Friedrich (1978), Antoine Compagnon (2003) e Leyla Perrone-Moisés (1998), dentre outros, mostra que os conceitos de textualidade e literariedade distanciam-se entre si, de maneira que dificilmente se poderia tomar a Poética apenas como uma disciplina filiada à Linguística, como propõem autores como Jakobson (1988).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T12:36:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-07-07T12:45:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ISSN1665-0204-2012-13-02-187-195.pdf: 467748 bytes, checksum: a54cf562a9320cdda1f25d9cf418330d (MD5) Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o efeito do tipo de corte na qualidade de abobrinha ‘Menina Brasileira’. Osfrutos foram selecionados, lavados, sanitizados por 10 minutos e submetidos a três tipos de cortes: rodelas,tiras e cubos. Após o corte foram sanitizados novamente, centrifugados e acondicionados em embalagens depoliestireno expandido e recobertos com policloreto de vinila (PVC) e armazenados em câmara fria a 5 ± 1 °C eUR 85 ± 5% durante 10 dias. As avaliações, realizadas de dois em dois dias, foram: pH, acidez titulável (AT),sólidos solúveis (SS), perda de massa e avaliação sensorial, onde se analisou aparência geral, odor estranho,escurecimento, esbranquiçado e escala de intenção de compra. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado,com esquema fatorial (3x6), 3 tipos de cortes e 6 tempos de armazenamento. As médias foram comparadaspelo Teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os tipos de cortes realizados influenciaram na qualidade deabobrinha ‘Menina brasileira’ minimamente processada, embalada com policloreto de vinila (PVC) earmazenada sob refrigeração. A superfície dos frutos tornou-se esbranquiçada e escurecida, prejudicando acomercialização dos produtos a partir do quarto dia de armazenamento, independente do tipo de corterealizado. This work aimed to assess the effect of cut type on the quality of zucchini ‘Menina Brasileira’. The fruits wereselected, washed, sanitized using for 10 minutes and subjected to three cut types: Slices, Strips and Cubes.Following cut, they were sanitized again, centrifuged and placed into expanded polystyrene packages covered with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and were stored in a cold chamber at 5 ± 1 °C and 85 ± 5% UR during 10 days. Evaluations were done at every two days and included: pH, titrable acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS) and mass loss, besides a sensorial analysis such as: general appearance, strange odor, darkening, whitening and purchase intention scale. The design was completely randomized, with factorial arrangement (3x5), 3 cut types and 6 storage periods. Means were compared through Tukey’s Test at 5% probability. Cut types influenced the quality of zucchini ‘Menina brasileira’ minimally processed, packed with PVC and stored under refrigeration. The surface of the fruits became whitish, impairing commercialization from the fourth day of storage, independently of the cut type. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA), Departamento de Horticultura, Botucatu, SP, Brasil Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA), Departamento de Horticultura, Botucatu, SP, Brasil

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-01T18:46:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-04-01T18:51:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ISSN1982-8470-2011-05-03-233-239.pdf: 376558 bytes, checksum: 228eec45a52d1339b9aa6026e1646d28 (MD5) Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o efeito da radiação gama associada à atmosfera modificada passiva na qualidade pós-colheita de goiabas ‘Pedro Sato’. Foram utilizadas goiabas provenientes da região de Vista Alegre do Alto/SP/Brasil. Após a colheita, as goiabas foram imediatamente transportadas ao Laboratório de Frutas e Hortaliças, pertencente ao Departamento de Gestão e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – UNESP – Campus de Botucatu/SP, aonde foram mantidas a 10ºC e 90-95%UR em câmara frigorífica, por 28 dias. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 5, com três repetições. O primeiro fator consistiu dos seguintes efeitos: controle 1 (sem embalagem e sem irradiação); controle 2 (embalagem de poliestireno/PS + embalagem de polietileno de baixa densidade/PEBD e sem irradiação); tratamento 1 (PS+PEBD e 0,2 kGy); tratamento 2 (PS+PEBD e 0,6 kGy) e tratamento 3 (PS+PEBD e 1,0kGy). O segundo fator consistiu dos períodos de avaliação, sendo: 0, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias. As variáveis avaliadas, foram: firmeza, sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), índice de maturação “Ratio”, pH, taxa de respiração. Concluiu-se que as altas doses de irradiação promoveram efeito negativo nas características físico-químicas da goiaba ‘Pedro Sato’, verificando que apenas a menor dose utilizada associada a atmosfera modificada proporcionou frutos com maior qualidade e aceitabilidade, devido aos maiores índice de maturação e sólidos solúveis obtidos. Em relação aos dias de análise, não foi observado efeito positivo dos tratamentos no decorrer do armazenamento, onde somente os dias iniciais promoveram os melhores valores para as variáveis estudadas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gamma radiation associated with modified atmosphere on postharvest quality of guavas ‘Pedro Sato’. It was used guavas from the region of Vista Alegre do Alto/São Paulo/Brazil. After harvest, the fruits were immediately transported to the Fruit and Vegetables Laboratory from the Agroindustrial Management and Technology Department, Agronomic Sciences College - UNESP - Botucatu / SP, where they were kept at 10 ° C and 90-95% RH in cold storage, for 28 days. It was used the randomized design, with factorial scheme 5 x 5, three repetitions. The first factor consisted of the following effects: control 1 (without package or irradiation), control 2 (polystyrene package/PS + package low density polyethylene/LDPE and without irradiation), treatment 1 (PS + LDPE and 0.2 kGy ), treatment 2 (PS + LDPE and 0.6 kGy) and treatment 3 (PS + LDPE and 1.0 kGy). The second factor consisted of the evaluation periods: 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The analyses were: firmness, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), maturity index, pH, respiration rate. Concluded that high doses of irradiation promoted a negative effect on physical-chemical characteristics of guava ‘Pedro Sato’, verifying that only the lowest dose associated with modified atmosphere provided fruits with higher quality and acceptability, due to higher maturation rate and soluble solids obtained. Regarding the days of analysis, there were no positive effect of the treatments during storage, where only the early days promoted better values for the variables studied. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Departamento de Horticultura, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, Botucatu, Fazenda Experimental Lageado - Caixa Postal 237, Lageado, CEP 18603-970, SP, Brasil Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Departamento de Horticultura, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, Botucatu, Fazenda Experimental Lageado - Caixa Postal 237, Lageado, CEP 18603-970, SP, Brasil

Submitted by Isabel Gomes (itg@lisboa.ucp.pt) on 2013-07-08T13:01:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 O AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS NO CONCELHO DE BRAGA.pdf: 1548701 bytes, checksum: d98ac142321c929d2f1a6bbe8509cbb7 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Isabel Gomes (itg@lisboa.ucp.pt) on 2013-07-08T13:01:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 O AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS NO CONCELHO DE BRAGA.pdf: 1548701 bytes, checksum: d98ac142321c929d2f1a6bbe8509cbb7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-08T13:01:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 O AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS NO CONCELHO DE BRAGA.pdf: 1548701 bytes, checksum: d98ac142321c929d2f1a6bbe8509cbb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-08

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T12:36:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-07-07T12:45:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ISSN1665-0204-2012-13-01-14-20.pdf: 498902 bytes, checksum: 61b434b7e4926eaa2aaf2b05d66f1797 (MD5) Este trabalho teve como objetivo prolongar a vida útil de ameixas cv. Gulfblaze, provenientes de Holambra II - SP, com o emprego da irradiação gama e embalagem em frutos refrigerados. Foram utilizadas as seguintes doses: 0,0; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8; 1,0kGy em frutos submetidos à atmosfera modificada. Os frutos foram selecionados e embalados para então serem irradiados no IPEN, localizado em São Paulo - SP. Logo após seguiram para o Laboratório de Frutas e Hortaliças, pertencente ao Departamento de Gestão e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - UNESP - Câmpus de Botucatu, SP. Neste experimento, os frutos após os tratamentos, foram armazenados em B.O.D. a 0±2°C e com 90±5% de UR por 35 dias. As avaliações foram realizadas a cada cinco dias, durante 35 dias de armazenamento. As alterações na qualidade pós-­colheita foram detectadas por meio das análises de perda de massa fresca, firmeza, açúcares redutores, açúcares totais, vitamina C total, compostos fenólicos totais e taxa de respiração. O delineamento estatístico empregado foi inteiramente casualizado com três repetições por tratamento para cada um dos oito tempos de avaliação, utilizando­¿se o Teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Nas condições em que os experimentos foram realizados, os resultados permitem concluir que o uso da radiação gama não proporcionou melhorias, independente da dose aplicada. The present work aims at protracting the lifespan of plums cv. Gulfblaze, originating from Holambra II, São Paulo, by application of gamma irradiation and packaging on cold fruits. The experiment were made: 0,0; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8; 1,0KGy undergo a passive modified atmosphere. The fruits were selected and packed, and then irradiated at IPEN, located in São Paulo - SP. Thereupon, they were directed to the Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables from the Department of Management and Agribusiness Technology of the Agronomic Sciences Faculty ­- UNESP -­ Botucatu, Brazil. In this experiment, after the treatment the fruits were stored in B.O.D at 0±2°C with 90±5% RH for 35 days. Evaluations were conducted every five days, for the 35 days of storage. Alterations on post-­harvest quality were detected by means of analysis of fresh mass loss, consistency (firmness), reducing sugar content, total reducing sugar, vitamin C total, phenolic compounds and respiratory rates. The employed statistical design was thoroughly randomized with three replications per treatment for each of the eight evaluations using the Turkey's Test to 5% of probability. Under the circumstances in which the experiments were performed, the results allow for the conclusion that the use of gamma radiation did not lead to improvement, regardless of the applied dose. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA), Departamento de Horticultura, Botucatu, SP, Brasil Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA), Departamento de Horticultura, Botucatu, SP, Brasil

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-06-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:22:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_sm_dr_botfca.pdf: 644719 bytes, checksum: e6ca1b81aea205b531d4ed5454c33d82 (MD5) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Este trabalho teve como objetivo prolongar a vida útil de ameixas cv. Gulfblaze, provenientes de Holambra II – SP, com o emprego da irradiação gama, embalagem e o uso de condicionamento térmico em frutos refrigerados. Foram realizados dois experimentos: Experimento 1 - frutos irradiados (0,0; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8; 1,0kGy) submetidos à atmosfera modificada passiva e Experimento 2 - frutos submetidos ao condicionamento térmico (10±2°C por 2 dias), irradiados (0,0; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8; 1,0kGy) submetidos à atmosfera modificada passiva. Os frutos foram selecionados e embalados para então serem irradiados no IPEN, localizado em São Paulo – SP. Logo após seguiram para o Laboratório de Frutas e Hortaliças, pertencente ao Departamento de Gestão e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – UNESP – Câmpus de Botucatu, SP. Nos dois experimentos, os frutos após os tratamentos, foram armazenados em B.O.D. a 0±2°C e com 90±5% de UR por 35 dias. As avaliações foram realizadas a cada cinco dias, durante 35 dias de armazenamento. As alterações na qualidade pós-colheita foram detectadas por meio das análises de perda de massa fresca, firmeza, pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, razão SS/AT “Ratio” açúcares redutores, açúcares totais, vitamina C total, pigmentos, compostos fenólicos totais e taxa de respiração. O delineamento estatístico empregado foi inteiramente casualizado com três repetições por tratamento para cada um dos oito tempos de avaliação, utilizando-se o Teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Nas condições em que os experimentos foram realizados, os resultados permitem concluir que, os frutos da ameixeira ‘Gulfblaze’ são resistentes à refrigeração (0±2°C), não apresentando sintomas de injúria até os 35 dias de armazenamento. O condicionamento levou a uma aceleração do amadurecimento, mostrando-se não recomendável para essa variedade de ameixas The present work aims at protracting the lifespan of plums cv. Gulfblaze, originating from Holambra II, São Paulo, by application of gamma irradiation, packaging and the use of thermal conditioning on cold fruits. Two experiments were made: Experiment 1. irradiated fruits (0,0; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8; 1,0KGy) undergo a passive modified atmosphere and Experiment 2. fruits undergo thermal conditioning (10±2°C for 2 days), irradiation (0,0; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8; 1,0KGy), and are subjected to passive modified atmosphere. The fruits were selected and packed, and then irradiated at IPEN, located in São Paulo – SP. Thereupon, they were directed to the Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables from the Department of Management and Agribusiness Technology of the Agronomic Sciences Faculty - UNESP - Botucatu, Brazil. In both experiments, after the treatment the fruits were stored in B.O.D at 0±2°C with 90±5% RH for 35 days. Evaluations were conducted every five days, for the 35 days of storage. Alterations on post-harvest quality were detected by means of analysis of fresh mass loss, consistency (firmness), pH, total titratable acidity, soluble solids, ‘Ratio’ (SS/TTA), reducing sugar content, total reducing sugar, vitamin C total, pigment, phenolic compounds and respiratory rates. The employed statistical design was thoroughly randomized with three replications per treatment for each of the eight evaluations using the Turkey’s Test to 5% of probability. Under the circumstances in which the experiments were performed, the results allow for the conclusion that ‘Gulfblaze’ plum fruits are resistant to refrigeration (0±2°C), with no symptoms of injury during the 35 days at storage. The conditioning led to ripening acceleration, proving to be not advisable for this sort of plum. The use of gamma radiation did not lead to improvement, regardless of the applied dose

TEMA: os quilombos fazem parte de uma época triste da história do Brasil. A escravidão deixou profundas marcas no país; feridas que ainda insistem em não cicatrizar. Neste enredo de exclusão, desigualdades e racismo institucionalizado, emergem as comunidades de remanescentes quilombolas, lutando por acesso e políticas inclusivas para suas populações. O acesso em saúde no Brasil é, ainda, uma questão muito polêmica desde a criação do Sistema Único de Saúde. As populações quilombolas reivindicam direito à saúde plena e integral. OBJETIVO: apresentar aos profissionais de saúde uma reflexão sobre as questões pertinentes às populações quilombolas e suas dificuldades na defesa de seus direitos de acesso à atenção em saúde. CONCLUSÃO: são evidentes na trajetória do SUS no Brasil as grandes falhas na inclusão de pessoas historicamente marginalizadas, alijando-as do processo de crescimento humano e social. As políticas públicas em saúde devem buscar a equidade por meio da atenção inclusiva a grupos especiais, de maneira especial à comunidades quilombolas brasileiras. BACKGROUND: Quilombos are part of a sad time in the history of Brazil. Slavery has left deep marks in the country; wounds that still insist on not healing. In this story of exclusion, inequality and institutionalized racism, emerging communities of afro-descendents, fighting for access and inclusion policies for their populations. Access to health care in Brazil is still a very controversial issue since the creation of the Unified Health System (SUS). The quilombolas claim full right and access to complete health care. PURPOSE: to introduce health professionals to reflect on issues relevant to the said populations and their difficulties in defending their rights of access to health care. CONCLUSION: it is evident in the trajectory of SUS in Brazil that there are major flaws in the inclusion of historically marginalized people, jettisoning them in the process of human and social growth. The public health policies should seek equity through comprehensive care for special groups, especially the poor maroon communities in Brazil.

European frameworks for the ecological risk assessment (ERA) of contaminated sites integrate information from three lines of evidence: chemical, ecotoxicological, and ecological. Regarding the last one, field observations at the contaminated sites are compared to reference site(s) and the differences recorded are analysed at the light of a cause-effect relationship, taking into account the site-specific contamination. Thus, included in the tier 2 of a site-specific risk assessment that is being carried out in an deactivated uranium mining area, a battery of soil enzyme activities (dehydrogenases, urease, arysulphatase, cellulase, acid phosphate) and potential nitrification were assessed in seven sampling sites (A–D–E–F–G–H–I) at different distances from the mine pit. These parameters have been considered good indicators of impacts on soil microbial communities and, subsequently, on soil functions. Soil enzyme activities were impaired in the most contaminated site (A, near the mine pit), for which a higher degree of risk was determined in the tier 1 of ERA. Three other sites within the mining area (F, G, and D) were discriminated on the basis of their low microbial activity, using uni- and multivariate approaches, and validating what had been previously found with chemical and ecotoxicological lines of evidence. We observed considerable among-site heterogeneity in terms of soil physical and chemical properties, combined with seasonal differences in enzyme activities. Still, the correlation between microbial parameters and soil general physical and chemical parameters was weak. In opposition, significant and negative correlations were found between soil enzyme activities and several metallic elements (Al, Be, Cu, U). These findings suggest a clear correlation between compromised soil function (nutrient recycling) and metal contamination. Such information reinforces the evidence of risks for some sites within the mining area and is an important contribution for the usefulness of soil enzyme activities for evaluating changes in soil health. published

Antioxidant defences are the primary mechanisms by which organisms compensate oxidative damage caused by contact with several types of substances prone to establish oxidative cycles. Biomarkers are one of the most useful tools to assess effects consequent to environmental exposure to a large number of xenobiotics. However, the use of biomarkers requires previous standardization of enzymatic protocols in order to guarantee accuracy and relevance of obtained results. This article describes standardized conditions for the use of several enzymatic biomarkers (oxidative stress: glutathione peroxidase, lipid peroxidation, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase and catalase; respiration: lactate dehydrogenase) for the evaluation of responses of specimens of Eisenia andrei, Pelophylax perezi (formerly Rana perezi) and Apodemus sylvaticus. Furthermore, we also present the normal values of activity for the given markers, for non-exposed organisms, that can serve as comparative indexes for subsequent studies. We conclude that these species are thus a suitable target to serve as sentinels in studies of environmental contamination by chemicals, which can lead to oxidative and physiological modifications. published

Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verlt. é uma Bignoniaceae amplamente utilizada na medicina popular como anti-inflamatório e adstringente, e para várias doenças como cólicas intestinais, diarréias, anemias e enfermidades da pele. Devido as suas propriedades biológicas e a produção de corante a espécie passou a ser utilizada pela indústria cosmética. A utilização de produtos naturais de origem vegetal implica no controle de qualidade farmacobotânico e em ensaios de pureza que compõem as especificações técnicas da espécie. Para isso foi realizada a descrição anatômica das folhas jovens e maduras de A. chica a partir de observações realizadas ao microscópio óptico, a partir de cortes histológicos. As folhas são hipoestomáticas e dorsiventrais com mesofilo heterogêneo. No pecíolo, a epiderme é uniestratificada contendo tricomas e dotada de cutícula delgada. Os testes farmacopéicos incluíram a determinação da distribuição granulométrica do pó da planta, determinação do teor de umidade e de cinzas totais, além da abordagem fitoquímica da tintura, visando estabelecer parâmetros para seu controle de qualidade. Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verlt. is a Bignoniaceae widely used in the popular medicine as anti-inflammatory and astringent agent, and for some illnesses as intestinal colic, diarrhoeas, anaemia and diseases of the skin. Its biological properties and dye biosynthesis lead the species to be used in the cosmetic industry. The use of natural products of vegetal origin implies in pharmacognostic quality control and purity assays that compose the technical specifications of the material. Therefore, the anatomical description of mature and young leaves of A. chica was carried through the use of optic microscopy on histological preparations. The leaves are hipostomatic and dorsiventral with heterogeneous mesophile. In petiole, the epidermis is unistratified, it contains trachoma and it is endowed with thin cuticle. The pharmacopoeia assays included the determination of the grain size distribution of the plant drug, the determination of humidity and the total ashes, beyond the phytochemistry approach of tincture, to establish parameters for its quality control.

Este trabalho visa apresentar os métodos tradicionalmente empregados para análise estrutural de tabuleiros de vigas múltiplas de concreto protendido. Apresenta-se também uma síntese dos fundamentos teóricos do método dos elementos finitos, necessário à automatização da análise. Após a descrição dos métodos é feita uma avaliação das limitações dos mesmos indicando-se o conjunto de recursos necessários para que se alcançe um alto grau de automatização da análise do tipo de obras aqui tratadas.

Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica O interesse industrial em componentes de baixo peso tem contribu´ıdo nos ´ultimos anos para um significativo esfor¸co de pesquisa em novos materiais capazes de garantir altas propriedades mecˆanicas, boa formabilidade e custos razo´aveis quando comparados aos a¸cos macios tradicionais. Os a¸cos de duas fases (dual-phase) tˆem-se mostrado como materiais de alta resistˆencia e formabilidade aceit´avel. Estes a¸cos vˆem sendo desenvolvidos a fim de suprir a necessidade da ind´ustria por materiais mais resistentes e que possibilitem a redu¸c˜ao de peso. Por outro lado, a simula¸c˜ao num´erica contribui e promove a r´apida introdu¸c˜ao deste novos materiais e a optimiza¸c˜ao aplicada ao projecto reduz o tempo e custo de produ¸c˜ao do produto. Actualmente, existem diversos problemas de engenharia cujas propriedades podem ser expressas atrav´es de uma fun¸c˜ao, denominada fun¸c˜ao objectivo. Existem diversos m´etodos que possuem como principal objectivo minimizar a referida fun¸c˜ao. A presente Disserta¸c˜ao tem como principal objectivo a simula¸c˜ao num´erica e optimiza¸c˜ao em conforma¸c˜ao pl´astica de chapas met´alicas. Numa primeira fase, estudam-se numericamente metodologias de previs˜ao de defeitos em componentes met´alicos obtidos por conforma¸c˜ao pl´astica, nomeadamente, fen´omenos de retorno el´astico (springback), instabilidade `a compress˜ao ou rugas (wrinkling ) e “orelhas” de embutidura (earing ). Analisa-se, recorrendo a “benchmarks” dispon´ıveis na literatura, a influˆencia de alguns parˆametros sobre os resultados num´ericos, entre os quais o refinamento de malha de elementos finitos e a formula¸c˜ao de elementos finitos utilizada. Numa segunda fase, ´e formulado um problema de engenharia inversa, com o objectivo principal de determinar a forma ideal do esbo¸co inicial (antes da conforma¸c˜ao), a fim de que a caixa quadrada conformada apresente um perfil regular, sem o aparecimento de orelhas (earing ). The industrial interest in low weight components in recent years has contributed in a significant research effort on new materials that can achieve high mechanical properties, good formability and reasonable costs when compared to traditional mild steels. The dual-phase steels have been shown as materials of high strength and acceptable formability. These steels have been developed to match the industry need of high resistance materials that lead to weight reduction. Moreover, the numerical simulation contributes and promotes the rapid introduction of these new materials and optimization applied to the project reduces the time and cost of product manufacturing. Currently, there are several engineering problems whose properties can be expressed through a function, called objective function. There are several methods that have as main objective to minimize that function. The main objective of the present Thesis is the numerical simulation and optimization, by the Finite Element Method, of sheet metal forming processes. In a first stage, this numerical method can be used for the prediction of defects in metal components obtained in plastic forming, namely springback, compression instability or wrinkling and earing. The influence of several input parameters in the simulation, which can affect the numerical results, such as the finite element mesh refinement and formulations, for the material characterization are analyzed, using benchmarks available in the literature. In a second phase, a reverse engineering problem is formulated, as a main goal of this problem to determine the optimum shape of the initial blank (before forming) in order that the formed square cup would show a regular profile, without the onset of earing effects.

Olive oil mill wastewater (OOMW) is responsible for serious environmental problems. In this study, the efficiency of two treatments involving fungi and photo-Fenton oxidation, sequentially applied to OOMW was analyzed for organic compounds degradation and toxicity mitigation. The treatment with fungi (especially Pleurotus sajor caju) of diluted OOMW samples promoted a reduction of their acute toxicity to Daphnia longispina. Although this fungi species have not induced significant color reduction it was responsible for 72,91 and 77% reductions in chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phenolic and organic compound contents. After biological treatment, photo-Fenton oxidation seemed to be an interesting solution, especially for color reduction. However, the OOMWs remained highly toxic after photo-Fenton oxidation. Considering the second sequence of treatments, namely photo-Fenton oxidation followed by biological treatment, the former revealed, once more, a great potential because it can be applied to non-diluted OOMW, with significant reductions in COD (53-76%), total phenolic content (81-92%) and organic compounds content (100%). Despite fungal species still have demonstrated a high capacity for bioaccumulation of organic compounds, resulting from photo-Fenton oxidation, the biological treatment did not cause substantial benefits in terms of COD, total phenolic content and toxicity reduction.

The dengue virus has a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome of ∼10.700 nucleotides with a single open reading frame that encodes three structural (C, prM, and E) and seven nonstructural (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5) proteins. It possesses four antigenically distinct serotypes (DENV 1–4). Many phylogenetic studies address particularities of the different serotypes using convenience samples that are not conducive to a spatio-temporal analysis in a single urban setting. We describe the pattern of spread of distinct lineages of DENV-3 circulating in São José do Rio Preto, Brazil, during 2006. Blood samples from patients presenting dengue-like symptoms were collected for DENV testing. We performed M-N-PCR using primers based on NS5 for virus detection and identification. The fragments were purified from PCR mixtures and sequenced. The positive dengue cases were geo-coded. To type the sequenced samples, 52 reference sequences were aligned. The dataset generated was used for iterative phylogenetic reconstruction with the maximum likelihood criterion. The best demographic model, the rate of growth, rate of evolutionary change, and Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor (TMRCA) were estimated. The basic reproductive rate during the epidemics was estimated. We obtained sequences from 82 patients among 174 blood samples. We were able to geo-code 46 sequences. The alignment generated a 399-nucleotide-long dataset with 134 taxa. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that all samples were of DENV-3 and related to strains circulating on the isle of Martinique in 2000–2001. Sixty DENV-3 from São José do Rio Preto formed a monophyletic group (lineage 1), closely related to the remaining 22 isolates (lineage 2). We assumed that these lineages appeared before 2006 in different occasions. By transforming the inferred exponential growth rates into the basic reproductive rate, we obtained values for lineage 1 of R0 = 1.53 and values for lineage 2 of R0 = 1.13. Under the exponential model, TMRCA of lineage 1 dated 1 year and lineage 2 dated 3.4 years before the last sampling. The possibility of inferring the spatio-temporal dynamics from genetic data has been generally little explored, and it may shed light on DENV circulation. The use of both geographic and temporally structured phylogenetic data provided a detailed view on the spread of at least two dengue viral strains in a populated urban area., Author Summary Most of the molecular phylogeny studies of dengue fever, an important public health problem, use convenience samples for their analysis, and they do not evaluate the spatial and temporal features involved in the spread of the different serotypes (and genotypes) circulating in urban settings during an outbreak. Our study describes the patterns of spread of different lineages of dengue 3 virus circulating in a medium-sized city from Brazil, and we also analyzed the dynamics and microevolution of the disease during the 2006 outbreak. We used both geographic and temporally structured phylogenetic data, which provided a relatively detailed view on the spread of at least two dengue viral lineages circulating in an urban area. The pattern of dengue virus circulation might be similar to many other settings all over the world, and the information provided by our study can help a better understanding of dengue outbreaks, providing important information for public-health systems. We could identify at least two lineages, which were introduced in different occasions. They circulated and spread at different rates within the city, and this differential spread and the role of socioeconomic features in this phenomenon are discussed.

ampliar o acesso ao diagnostico precoce, viabilizando o encaminhamento das pessoas com resultados positivos para o tratamento com mais agilidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi tracar o perfil dos usuarios atendidos pelo CTA, desde o periodo da implantacao ate dezembro de 2007. Houve um aumento significativo pela procura dos testes: 645 (39%) por metodologia convencional, 1624 (71%) por teste rapido, representando um acres-cimo percentual de 12,7% em relacao a 2005.

Huge efforts have been made both in adopting more environmental-friendly bleaching processes, and in developing advanced oxidation processes and more effective biological treatments for the reduction of deleterious impacts of paper mill effluents. Even so, the success of such treatments is frequently reported in terms of chemical parameters without a proper evaluation of the effluent's toxicity mitigation. This is the first study reporting an exhaustive evaluation of the toxicity of a secondary bleached kraft pulp mill effluent, after either tertiary treatment with the soft-rot fungi Rhizopus oryzae or with a photo-Fenton oxidation, using a battery of freshwater species. As it has been reported the photo-Fenton/UV treatment has proved to be the most effective in reducing the colour and the COD (chemical oxygen demand) of the effluent. Nevertheless, extremely low EC 50 values were reported for almost all species, after this tertiary treatment. The treatment with R. oryzae was less effective in terms of colour removal and COD reduction, but proved to be the most promising in reducing toxicity.

This work aimed the physical, chemical, physico-chemical and preformulations characterizing of Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verlt., belonging to the family of Bignoniacae, which receives several denominations, and in the Amazon region is known popularly as pariri, that is widely used in popular medicine for the treatment of many diseases, such as skin infirmities caused by dermatitis and eczema. The use of natural products from vegetal origin requires the pharmaco-botanical quality control and pureness analysis which sets the species technical specifications. Therefore, it was made an anatomical description of the young and mature leaves of the plant from observations made at the optic microscope in histological cuts. The pharmacological tests included the determination of the granulometrical distribution of the plants powder, determination of the humidity purport and of total ashes and, about the dyeing, it was made pH, relative density and solids purport determinations, and also it was made the chemical prospection, the chromatographic profile by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and the highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC), besides the valuation of its microbial activity. To the powder as well as the dyeing of the A. chica observed the profiles by spectroscopy in the infrared region and thermal profiles by TGA and DTA. Some studies of preformulation were made by spectroscopy in the infrared region and thermal analysis (TGA and DTA) of the binary mixtures of the formula adjuvants suggested to spread the dye, with the purpose to evaluate possible incompatibilities between the dye and these elements. The results obtained evidenced that the A. chica dye demonstrated to adjust to the aim demanded, moreover it assured the compatibility to the tested adjuvants to constitute the proposed formula, once none clue of physical or chemical incompatibilities were observed among them. The studies provided relevant basis to the development of the proposed formula, seeking to obtain quick results with the wished accuracy. Realiza estudos de caracterização química, físico-química e de pré-formulação de Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Vert., pertencente à família Bignoniaceae, a qual recebe várias denominações, sendo que na região amazônica ela é conhecida popularmente como pariri, amplamente utilizada na medicina popular para o tratamento de várias doenças, dentre elas as enfermidades da pele causadas por dermatomicoses. A utilização de produtos naturais de origem vegetal implica no controle de qualidade farmacobotânico e em ensaios de pureza que compõem as especificações técnicas da espécie. Para isso, foi realizada a descrição anatômica das folhas jovens e maduras da planta a partir de observações realizadas ao microscópio óptico em cortes histológicos. Os testes Farmacopéicos incluíram a determinação da distribuição granulométrica do pó da planta, determinação do teor de umidade e de cinzas totais, e para a tintura foram realizadas determinações de pH, densidade aparente e teor de sólidos, sendo realizadas ainda a prospecção química, o perfil cromatográfico por CCO e CLAE, além da avaliação da sua atividade antimicrobiana. Tanto para o pó quanto para a tintura de A.chica foram observados os perfis por espectroscopia na região do infravermelho e perfis térmicos por TG e OTA. Foram realizados ainda, os estudos de pré-formulação através de espectroscopia na região de infravermelho e análise térmica (TG e OT A) das misturas físicas dos adjuvantes da formulação proposta para veicular a solução extrativa, com a finalidade de avaliar possíveis incompatibilidades da solução extrativa com os mesmos. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que a tintura de A. chica se adequa ao fim pretendido, além de ter assegurado a compatibilidade com os adjuvantes testados para constituírem a formulação proposta, já que não foi observado indícios de incompatibilidade física ou química entre os mesmos. Os estudos forneceram dados relevantes para o desenvolvimento da formulação proposta, visando obter resultados rápidos e com a precisão desejada.

DO LIVRO OUTRO DE SANTIAGO VILLELA MARQUES