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The study focused on the nitrilo‐tris‐(methylene phosphonate) [K2ntpH4]2 and [(K1−yTly)2ntpH4]2 complexes, which are a series of isovalent substitutions. The crystals of [K2ntpH4]2 are monoclinic and belong to the space group of symmetry P21/c with Z=4. When thallium substitutes potassium, the molecular structure remains the same, but the symmetry of the crystal packing changes to a triclinic system, space group of symmetry P1‾ ${\bar{1}}$ , with Z=2. One coordination polyhedra maintains an isometric configuration, while the other undergoes significant distortions. Polarization‐selective coordination is observed, where the thallium(I) ion, which is easily polarizable, populates the highly distorted polyhedron. The low polarizable potassium ion populates the weakly distorted one. The crystal is formed with an average thallium fraction higher than the initial aqueous solution. This suggests that replacing potassium ions in the complex with thallium ions is energetically favourable. It could explain why thallium is toxic to intracellular enzymes and carriers of genetic information. The isovalent substitution of potassium made it possible to observe the step‐by‐step formation of a super‐strong hydrogen bond, a phenomenon that is rarely detected under normal conditions. The O...O interatomic distance in the hydrogen bond decreases gradually from 2.55 Å for [K2ntpH4]2 to 2.474 Å for [Tl2ntpH4]2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bifurcation analysis is an essential tool in nonlinear dynamics. Bifurcation diagrams help to discover subtle features of investigated dynamics such as chaotic and periodic regimes, hidden attractors and fixed points. However, plotting high-resolution bifurcation diagrams can be a computationally challenging task, especially in multiparametric evaluation. It should be noted that the bifurcation analysis is a task with natural parallelism and thus can be efficiently solved using hybrid central-graphics processing architectures. In this paper, we propose an advanced algorithm and special software for plotting bifurcation diagrams using calculations accelerated by graphics processing unit in combination with a highly efficient semi-implicit ordinary differential equation solver. Time series processing is based on the extraction of amplitude and phase features for the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise to determine oscillation periodicity. We showcase the features of the application of proposed solutions on a set of test chaotic systems. The performance of the analysis algorithms is investigated in comparison with conventional solutions based on central processing unit and several approaches known from the literature. We explicitly show that the proposed algorithm outperforms known solutions in both calculation speed and precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an analysis of the problem of professional competence; a methodological basis of forming professional competence of college students as future teachers is established. The essence of professional competence is defined. The structure has been experimentally proved and developed; the contents, criteria and levels of professional competence have been defined. The effectiveness of the identified methodological basis of professional training, that provides the forming of professional competence of students. A methodological model of forming of professional competence of college students as future teachers has been theoretically proved, practically developed and experimentally approbated. In the process of the experiment, the pedagogical effectiveness of the developed methodological model of forming professional competence of students in the process of their college professional training has been empirically tested and proved.

Processing chaotic signals is a complicated task due to their nonlinear and non-periodical properties. Conventional linear filters do not allow to properly denoise signals generated by chaotic systems, distorting the carrier while removing the noise, which is critical for such applications as coherent chaotic communications. In this paper, we propose a novel denoising algorithm, called Ensemble Intrinsic Time-Scale Decomposition (EITD) using specific chaotic noise generators. We may use specific chaotic noise generators in the known Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD), as we also show. Considering the examples of Rössler and Lorenz systems as chaotic waveforms generators, we compare the developed algorithm modifications with other filtration algorithms using ITD and EMD. We use the root-mean-square error (RMSE) as a metric to estimate the denoising quality. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) range $-10 \ldots 20$ dB is examined, and white, pink and chaotic noise generators are utilized to disturb signals under study. As a result, we explicitly show that the developed approach provides the error 2–10 times less in the case of white and pink noise, and is capable of denoising chaotic signals in case of all the considered types of noises, in contrast to Conventional and Iterative ITD and EMD algorithms.

We aggregated coding variant data for 81,412 type 2 diabetes cases and 370,832 controls of diverse ancestry, identifying 40 coding variant association signals (P

This publication examines the unexplored topic of the Senate jurisprudence regarding the legal status of Lutheran priests in the Baltic States at the end of the XIX century. The author defines the significance of the policy of state pressure on Protestant pastors in the context of the general attack of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Synod on non-Orthodox religious organizations under K. Pobedonostsev. Consideration of the issue from the position of the higher court of the Empire has not previously been undertaken in the scientific literature. During the preparation of the work, mainly narrative material was used the memoirs of the Chief Prosecutor of the Senate. Due to the small number of cases and the semi-secret nature, the materials of the Senate were not particularly reflected in the collections of decisions and sentences. The problem-chronological approach was applied to study this subject. As a result, the reasons of the weak pressure on Protestant pastors the author associates with the deep rootedness of Lutheranism in the popular environment, the brutal activity of the police and the church, fears of a quarrel with the Lutheran countries of Europe, etc. Few sentences against pastors who seduced the Orthodox into another faith reached the Criminal Cassation Department of the Senate, where they met with resistance a group of senators led by the famous lawyer, humanist A.F. Koni. Among the numerous schismatic and sectarian affairs that A.F. Koni, as chief prosecutor and senator, draw attention to the so-called pastoral affairs, which have not been sufficiently researched in the domestic scientific literature, and yet they well illustrate the church-state policy of the Russian state on the outskirts of the empire on the eve of the first Russian revolution. The author concludes that pastoral affairs are interesting not only from the point of view of the struggle of Russian infidels and the domestic educated intelligentsia for freedom of conscience in Russia, but they also allow to look from the inside at the work of the bureaucratic apparatus of the empire, to understand the work (internal kitchen) of the Governing Senate: internal intrigues, the indirect influence of the monarch and the chief prosecutor of the Holy Synod on senators and, accordingly, the decision on religious matters, informal consultations of the Minister of Justice with the chief prosecutor of the criminal cassation department (probing the atmosphere in the case, including through an intermediary), the selection of a senator-rapporteur on a particular important case, etc. Thanks to A.F. Koni, attempts to persecute pastors did not develop, and after 1900 the persecution of priests on religious grounds in the Baltics stopped. The subject is interesting and requires further development and study.

Modern education, including medical, is currently experiencing unprecedented difficulties caused by the growing incidence of new coronavirus infection. The difficulties are primarily due to the fact that most educational institutions in Ukraine and around the world have switched to remote operation. Thus, educational organizations, and especially teachers, face an unfamiliar situation, and many do not know how to support students in these new conditions or to adhere to the curriculum and train students for coming exams. The situation is complicated by the fact that the peak incidence coincided with the end of the school year, the most difficult period for both universities and students and clinical residents. Many of them have graduated and have taken qualification exams, procedures of primary and primary-specialized accreditation. How in the current situation to continue teaching students effectively? How to help them develop new skills? How to apply the assessment and in what form? Is it possible to conduct examinations in the format of an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE)? How will medical education change after the restrictions are strengthened? These and other topical issues are covered by the authors in this review, based on the experience of foreign colleagues and their research.

The microstructural evolution of a commercially pure copper specimen deformed by uniaxial tension has been studied using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). In the specimen deformed up to fracture, some areas (in the neck) corresponding to various strain degrees were examined. This allowed us to study the microstructure obtained for strain degrees in the range from 0,45 to 1,15 on the single sample. A texture consisting of two components with prevailing orientations of [100] and [111] directions, parallel to the tensile axis, formed concurrently with the deformation microstructure. The grains of the [111] component were shown to retain rather uniform orientation at strain degrees of about 1. At the same time, the grains of the [100] component subdivided gradually into highly disoriented fragments. The obtained results were discussed in terms of polycrystalline material micromechanics.

Summary: Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) particles are responsible for packing and transporting lipids throughout aqueous environments. We detail steps to assess in vitro particles forming from artificial membranes using right-angle light scattering and to measure their size using dynamic light scattering. We further describe how to generate in cellulo ApoE particles containing triacylglycerol under fatty-acid-induced stress. We also detail steps to isolate them from cell secretome by immunoprecipitation and analyze their lipid cargo by thin-layer chromatography.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Lindner et al. (2022).1 : Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.