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153. Coiling e Kinking dell'arteria carotide interna: Ulteriore evidenza a favore di una loro genesi congenita: Presentazione di un caso

Author

Ruggiero, R., Spadaro, A., De Rosa, G., Vitale, C., Cantone, G., and Ambrosio, A.

Abstract

Gli Autori descrivono it caso di un paziente di 7 mesi di età in cui l'esame angiografico aveva evidenziato la presenza di un coiling dell'arteria carotide interna di sinistra, e di un kinking dell'arteria carotide interna di destra. La precoce età di comparsa di tali alterazioni riconosce una patogenesi congenita, che determine un anomalo sviluppo del distretto arterioso derivato dai primitivi archi aortici, ed in particolare dal terzo arco.

Published
1990
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156. Selective extraction as an estimate of bioavailabiliy of as, cd, co, cr, cu, fe, mn, ni, pb and zn in marine sediments collected from the Central Adriatic Sea

Author

Boniforti, R., Bacciola, D., Niccolai, I., and Ruggiero, R.

Abstract

Sediment samples collected from the Central Adriatic Sea were leached at room temperature with phthalate buffers of pH 3 and 6 and with 0.5M HCl. The leaching was aimed at estimating the mobilization of elements under different pH conditions. The buffers were used to simulate the bioavailability of elements to benthic fishes and invertebrates. The leach results were compared to total concentrations obtained by digesting samples with 65% HNO3 at 120 C for 8 h.

Published
1988
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157. The intracellular transport of low density lipoprotein-derived cholesterol is defective in Niemann-Pick type C fibroblasts.

Author

Liscum, L, Ruggiero, R M, and Faust, J R

Abstract

Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is characterized by substantial intracellular accumulation of unesterified cholesterol. The accumulation of unesterified cholesterol in NPC fibroblasts cultured with low density lipoprotein (LDL) appears to result from the inability of LDL to stimulate cholesterol esterification in addition to impaired LDL-mediated downregulation of LDL receptor activity and cellular cholesterol synthesis. Although a defect in cholesterol transport in NPC cells has been inferred from previous studies, no experiments have been reported that measure the intracellular movement of LDL-cholesterol specifically. We have used four approaches to assess intracellular cholesterol transport in normal and NPC cells and have determined the following: (a) mevinolin-inhibited NPC cells are defective in using LDL-cholesterol for growth. However, exogenously added mevalonate restores cell growth equally in normal and NPC cells; (b) the transport of LDL-derived [3H]cholesterol to the plasma membrane is slower in NPC cells, while the rate of appearance of [3H]acetate-derived, endogenously synthesized [3H]cholesterol at the plasma membrane is the same for normal and NPC cells; (c) in NPC cells, LDL-derived [3H]cholesterol accumulates in lysosomes to higher levels than normal, resulting in defective movement to other cell membranes; and (d) incubation of cells with LDL causes an increase in cholesterol content of NPC lysosomes that is threefold greater than that observed in normal lysosomes. Our results indicate that a cholesterol transport defect exists in NPC that is specific for LDL-derived cholesterol.

Published
1989
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158. Artificial intelligence against breast cancer (A.N.N.E.S-B.C.-project)

Author

Parmeggiani, D., Avenia, N., Sanguinetti, A., Ruggiero, R., Docimo, G., Siciliano, M., Pasquale Ambrosino, Madonna, I., Peltrini, R., Parmeggiani, U., Parmeggiani, D., Avenia, N., Sanguinetti, A., Ruggiero, R., Docimo, G., Siciliano, M., Ambrosino, P., Madonna, I., Peltrini, R., Parmeggiani, U., Parmeggiani, Domenico, Avenia, N, Sanguinetti, A, Ruggiero, Roberto, Docimo, Giovanni, Siciliano, M, Ambrosino, P, Madonna, I, and Peltrini, R

Subjects
Artificial neural network, Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast, Breast Neoplasms, Expert Systems, Pilot Projects, Middle Aged, Sensitivity and Specificity, Diagnosis, Differential, Artificial Intelligence, Breast Cancer, Breast cancer, Treatment Outcome, Italy, Predictive Value of Tests, Humans, Female, Breast risk lesion, Algorithms, Carcinoma in Situ, Early Detection of Cancer, Aged, Mammography
Abstract

Introduction: Our preliminary study examined the development of an advanced innovative technology with the objectives of: - developing methodologies and algorithms for a Artificial Neural Network (ANN) system, improving mammography and ultra-sonography images interpretation; - creating autonomous software as a diagnostic tool for the physicians, allowing the possibility for the advanced application of databases using Artificial Intelligence (Expert System). Materials And Methods: Since 2004 550 F patients over 40 yrs old were divided in two groups: 1) 310 pts underwent echo every 6 months and mammography every year by expert radiologists. 2) 240 pts had the same screening program and were also examined by our diagnosis software, developed with ANNES technology by the Engineering Aircraft Research Project team. The information was continually updated and returned to the Expert System, defining the principal rules of automatic diagnosis. Results: In the second group we selected: Expert radiologist decision; ANN-ES decision; Expert radiologists with ANNES decision. The second group had significantly better diagnosis for cancer and better specificity for breast lesions risk as well as the highest percentage account when the radiologist's decision was helped by the ANN software. The ANNES group was able to select, by anamnestic, diagnostic and genetic means, 8 patients for prophylactic surgery, finding 4 cancers in a very early stage. Discussion And Conclusion: Although it is only a preliminary study,this innovative diagnostic tool seems to provide better positive and negative predictive value in cancer diagnosis as well as in breast risk lesion identification.

159. Corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A single center experience and literature review

Author

Novelli, L., Ruggiero, R., Giacomi, F., Biffi, A., paola faverio, Bilucaglia, L., Gamberini, S., Messinesi, G., Pesci, A., Novelli, L, Ruggiero, R, DE GIACOMI, F, Biffi, A, Faverio, P, Bilucaglia, L, Gamberini, S, Messinesi, G, and Pesci, A

Subjects
Male, Time Factors, Time Factor, Administration, Intravenou, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Adrenal Cortex Hormone, Methylprednisolone, Drug Administration Schedule, Immunosuppressive Agent, Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Risk Factors, Retrospective Studie, Cause of Death, Acute Exacerbation Of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosi, Humans, Corticosteroid, Hospital Mortality, Cyclophosphamide, Retrospective Studies, Aged, MED/10 - MALATTIE DELL'APPARATO RESPIRATORIO, Risk Factor, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosi, Middle Aged, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, Treatment Outcome, Italy, Pulse Therapy, Drug, Disease Progression, Administration, Intravenous, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Immunosuppressive Agents, Human
Abstract

Acute Exacerbation (AEx) is a frequent and severe complication of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). In the absence of consensus regarding treatment, studies evaluating the efficacy of specific therapies, such as corticosteroids and immunosuppresant agents, are needed. In this case series we evaluated the outcome in terms of survival of intravenous pulse doses of high-dose corticosteroid (methylprednisolone 1000 mg per day for 3 consecutive days) followed by montlhy cyclophosphamide administration (maximum 6 doses) in a cohort of patients with AEx-IPF referred to the Respiratory Unit, San Gerardo University Hospital, Monza, Italy, from 2009 to 2013. A total of 11 patients (7 males, median age 65 years) were enrolled. A median of five monthly pulse doses of cyclophosphamide were administered, with four patients receiving all 6 doses. Four patients died before completion. Three patients developed adverse events. Overall survival at 3 months was 73%, at 6 months 63%, at 12 months 55%, at 18 months 45% and at 2 years 27%. In-hospital mortality was 9%. Causes of death were: six respiratory failures from disease progression, one lung cancer and one breast cancer. Two patients received lung transplantation and were excluded from the Kaplan-Meier analysis. In conclusion, combined intravenous pulse doses of high-dose corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide could be a reasonable add-on therapy for AEx-IPF, considering the few side effects and safe profile. A complete and rapid diagnostic work-up associated to the proper management (e.g. support of respiratory failure with non-invasive ventilation) in the right setting, may also have a positive effect on patients' outcome.

160. Fibrin glue to reduce seroma after axillary lymphadenectomy for breast cancer

Author

Ruggiero, R., Procaccini, E., Gili, S., Cremone, C., Decimo, G., Francesco IOVINO, Decimo, L., Sparavigna, L., Subitosi, A., Parmeggiani, D., Avenia, N., Ruggiero, R, Procaccini, E, Gili, S, Cremone, C, Docimo, G, Iovino, F, Docimo, L, Sparavigna, L, Gubitosi, A, Parmeggiani, D, and Avenia, N.

Subjects
breast cancer, Fibrin glue
Abstract

Axillary lymphadenectomy remains an integral part of breast cancer treatment, yet seroma formation occurs in 15-81,o/of cases. Among the methods employed to reduce seroma magnitude and duration, fibrin glue has been proposed in numerous studies with controversial results.

161. Biliary tract injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: three case reports and literature review

Author

PARMEGGIANI, D, CIMMINO, G, CERBONE, D, AVENIA, N, RUGGIERO, R, GUBITOSI, A, DOCIMO, G, MORDENTE, S, MISSO, C, Parmeggiani, U., Parmeggiani, D, Cimmino, G, Cerbone, D, Avenia, N, Ruggiero, R, Gubitosi, A, Docimo, G, Mordente, S, Misso, C, and Parmeggiani, U.

Subjects
Male, Reoperation, Jaundice, Hepatic Duct, Common, Gallstones, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic, Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic, Cholelithiasis, Lesioni della via biliare principale - Colecistectomia laparoscopica, Humans, Cholecystectomy, Female, Biliary tract injuries - Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Abstract

Introduction. Biliary tract injuries (BTI) represente the most serious and potentially life-threatening complication of cholecystectomy. During open cholecystectomies (OC), the prevalence of bile duct injuries has been estimated at only 0.1-0.2%. We report 3 cases of BTI during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Case 1. Ascalesi Hospital, Naples 2003-2007, 875 LC (BTI 0,11%). During the dissection of triangle of Calot a partial resection of biliary common duct was made. Immediatly the lesion was evident and sheltered in laparoscopy, suturing with a spin reabsorbable, without biliar drainage. The post-operative outcome was good, without alteration of the some parameters, and the patient was discharged after three days. At the last follow-up (January 2006) the cholangiography didn’t show stricture or leakage. Case 2. General and Laparoscopic Surgical Unit San Giovanni di Dio Hospital Frattamaggiore 2004-2007, 720 LC (BTI 0,13%). Patient affected by cholecystitis with gallstones. The patient did not present jaundice, but abdominal pain, leucocitosis, fever and US evidence of parietal gallbladder inflammation. LC was performed after 36 h; during operation, common biliar duct was misidentified for subverted anatomy caused by inflammation. The common bile duct was clipped, and the patient presented jaundice after three days after operation. The colangiography was performed showing the stop. Therefore a reoperation was needed and laparotomic Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was performed. Case 3. Dpt of Emergency Surgery, Second University of Naples 2000-2007, LC 520 (BTI 0,19%). Patient affected by more than 20 years symptomatic cholelithiasis, with only obesity risk factor; she underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and sudden bleeding of the cystic artery, poor vision and probably the long history of symptoms, producing a flogistic alteration of the anatomy, caused a misidentification of the cystic duct and the common bile duct with complete or lateral clipping of the common hepatic duct. The error was unrecognized intraoperatively but after progressive jaundice the postoperative colangiography showed a nearly complete stop by two clips. Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy with intraoperative cholangiographic control was performedDiscussion. The most common cause of BTI is the failure to recognize the anatomy of the triangle of Calot. This is attributed to factors inherent to the laparoscopic approach, to inadequate training of the surgeon and to local anatomical risk factors. The laparoscopic "learning curve" of the surgeon is the most important factor of bile ducts injury. But also local anatomical risk factors are important such as acute cholecystitis, severe chronic scarring of the gallbladder and bleeding or excessive fat in the hepatic hilum. These local risk factors seem to be present in 15% to 35% of BTI. Abnormal biliary anatomy, such as a short cystic duct or a cystic duct entering into the right hepatic duct also may increase the incidence of BTI. Schematic representation of the common mechanisms of BTI during LC are: misidentification of the cystic duct and the common biliary duct, lateral clipping of the common biliary duct, traumatic avulsion the cystic duct junction, diatermic injury of common biliary duct during dissection of the Calot triangle or during the cholecystectomy, injury of anomalous right hepatic duct. Conclusion. Conversion to laparotomy, in difficult cases involving inflammatory changes, aberrant anatomy or excessive bleeding, is not to be considered as a failure but rather as good surgical decision in order to ensure the patient's safety

162. Acute aperistaltic megaesophagus as a complication of Nissen fundoplication: A case report

Author

Del Genio, A., Landino FEI, Di Martino, N., Napolitano, V., Landolfi, V., Maffettone, V., Fusco, F., Ruggiero, R., Del Genio, A., Fei, L., Di Martino, N., Napolitano, Vincenzo, Landolfi, V., Maffettone, Vincenzo, Fusco, F., and Ruggiero, R.

Subjects
Esophageal Achalasia, Hernia, Diaphragmatic, Esophagus, Hernia, Hiatal, Postoperative Complications, Parasympathomimetics, Methods, Humans, Female, Peristalsis, Gastric Fundus, Middle Aged
Abstract

A case of acute aperistaltic megaesophagus which arose after Nissen fundoplication for sliding hiatal hernia, is reported. The resolution of the clinical and instrumental picture with cholinergic drugs leads to the conclusion that the phenomenon observed is of vagal origin. This may be an extreme picture of the mild esophageal dilatation and transitory dysphagia that sometimes occur after Nissen fundoplication.

165. Axillary lymphadenectomy for breast cancer and fibrin glue

Author

Ruggiero, R., Docimo, G., Gubitosi, A., Conzo, G., Salvatore Tolone, Gili, S., Bosco, A., Docimo, L., Ruggiero, Roberto, Docimo, Giovanni, Gubitosi, Adelmo, Conzo, Giovanni, Tolone, Salvatore, Gili, S, Bosco, A, and Docimo, Ludovico

Subjects
fibrin glue, surgical procedures, operative, breast cancer, lymphadenectomy
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Axillary lymphadenectomy or sentinel biopsy is integral part of breast cancer treatment, yet seroma formation occurs in 15-85% of cases. Among methods employed to reduce seroma magnitude and duration, fibrin glue has been proposed in numerous studies with controversial results. METHODS: Eighty patients underwent quadrantectomy or mastectomy with level I/II axillary lymphadenectomy; a suction drain was fitted in all patients. Fibrin glue spray were applied to the axillary fossa in 40 patients; the other 40 patients were treated conventionally. RESULTS: Suction drainage was removed between post-operative Days 3 and 4. Seroma magnitude and duration were significantly reduced (p=0.004 and 0.02, respectively), and there were fewer evacuative punctures, in patients receiving fibrin glue compared with the conventional treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: Use of fibrin glue does not always prevent seroma formation, but does reduce seroma magnitude, duration and necessary evacuative punctures.

166. Fibrin sealant in general surgery: Personal experience and litterary review

Author

Adelmo Gubitosi, Ruggiero, R., Docimo, G., Esposito, A., Gubitosi, Adelmo, Ruggiero, Roberto, Docimo, Giovanni, and Esposito, A.

Subjects
Fibrin sealant, Postoperative Complications, Italy, Wound Closure Techniques, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Intestinal Fistula, Humans, Surgical Wound Infection, Biological glue, Fibrin Tissue Adhesive, Postoperative Hemorrhage, General surgery, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

In consideration of the use of fibrin glue in a general surgery department, authors analyze their last two years series. Operations on liver and biliary ducts, bowel and proctologic surgery, thyroid and breast surgery, abdominal wall hernias, fistulas and difficult wounds are considered with a literary review on fibrin sealant.

167. Umbilical endometriosis associated with umbilical hernia. Management of a rare occurrence

Author

Francesco IOVINO, Ruggiero, R., Irlandese, E., Gili, S., Lo Schiavo, F., Iovino, Francesco, Ruggiero, Roberto, Irlandese, E, Gili, S, and LO SCHIAVO, F.

Subjects
endometriosi ombelicale, ernia ombelicale, ricostruzione ombelicale, umbilical endometriosis, umbilical hernia, umbilical reconstruction
Abstract

Riassunto Riportiamo un raro caso di endometriosi ombelicale primitiva associata a ernia in cui è stata effettuata l’asportazione dell’ombelico e la sua ricostruzione immediata con una tecnica di recente descrizione. L’ernia è stata riparata secondo la tecnica di Mayo e dopo ampia resezione del sacco erniario per possibile presenza di tessuto endometriale al suo interno. La ricostruzione dell’ombelico è avvenuta mediante due lembi semicircolari creati all’interno di un’ellisse disegnata sulla cute in senso verticale preoperatoriamente. Il tipo di incisione ha reso agevole la riparazione dell’ernia, che è avvenuta senza l’ausilio di protesi sia per le piccole dimensioni dell’ernia, sia per mancanza di dati in letteratura sull’uso di protesi in caso di endometriosi. I risultati estetici sono stati giudicati soddisfacenti a 6 mesi dall’operazione per l’assenza di cicatrice ipertrofica e per l’aspetto anatomico del nuovo ombelico.

170. Cortical kidney scan evaluation in the follow-up of children with vesico-ureteric reflux

Author

Carlo Aprile, Saponaro R, Di Maio D, Beluffi G, Chiari G, Ruggiero R, Cannizzaro G, and Avolio L

Subjects
Male, Vesico-Ureteral Reflux, Kidney Cortex, Time Factors, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Organotechnetium Compounds, Aprotinin, Child, Preschool, Humans, Female, Longitudinal Studies, Child, Radionuclide Imaging, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

We present the results obtained in the follow-up of 66 children with vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR) of different grades (111 refluxing renal units, RU; the VUR being bilateral in 47 children), employing the renal cortical agent 99mTc-aprotinin (TcA). Together with the visual inspection of the scan, we adopted a quantitative approach, expressing the results as the split percent uptake of the injected dose. The detection of morphological anomalies was more frequent in the cases of more severe reflux. Scars were noted in 38 RU, with a higher prevalence in more severe grades, except for grade V where severe impairment was more frequent. With regard to the amount of functioning parenchyma, the probability of a significant loss of nephrons (expressed by a low uptake of TcA), rose with the grades, although the higher grades were not invariably associated with parenchymal failure. The abnormality detection rate is higher by about 2:1 with the TcA scan than with other diagnostic modalities such as i.v. pyelography or echography. No differences were found between RU with or without scars as regards evolution over time; only when the TcA uptake at presentation was lower than 10% was the normal development of the RU likely to be hindered. From these data it can be concluded that early diagnosis is the key factor in the management of these children with VUR; the morpho-functional assessment with TcA uptake is probably the most effective technique for the detection of parenchymal abnormalities. In addition, the test has a high prognostic value, an uptake lower than 10% indicating an unfavourable prognosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

172. Total thyroidectomy without prophylactic central neck dissection combined with routine oral calcium and vitamin d supplements: Is it a good option to achieve a low recurrence rate avoiding hypocalcemia? a retrospective study | Tiroidectomia totale senza dissezione profilattica del compartimento centrale del collo combi-nata con somministrazione di routine di calcio e vitamina D per via orale: È una scelta giusta per ottenere un basso tasso di ricorrenza evi-tando l'ipocalcemia? Uno studio retrospettivo

Author

Docimo, G., Tolone, S., Ruggiero, R., Gubitosi, A., Pasquali, D., Annamaria DE BELLIS, Limongelli, P., Del Genio, G., Docimo, L., and Conzo, G.

174. Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs): literary review and description of a Fournier syndrome case

Author

Adelmo Gubitosi, Moccia, G., Ruggiero, R., Docimo, G., Foroni, F., Esposito, E., Villaccio, G., Esposito, A., Agresti, E., Agresti, M., Gubitosi, Adelmo, Moccia, G, Ruggiero, Roberto, Docimo, Giovanni, Foroni, F, Esposito, E, Villaccio, G, Esposito, A, Agresti, E, and Agresti, Massimo

Subjects
Necrotizing soft tissue infections, Fournier syndrome
Abstract

A 62 y.o. male with tight fimosis, swelling, redness, pain on palpating and necrosis of the penis and scrotum was admitted in our clinic, (FGSI = 6) with periferic vasculopathy; and diabetes mellitus type II and he was in dialysis treatment before the hospitalization. The patient was HCV affected. In 24 hours he underwent radical surgical debridement with excision of all necrotic material from penis and scrotum up to the subdermal layer and tissue of doubtful viability for about 75% of the skin and circumcision. In third, fifth and seventh postoperative days he underwent to local infusion of autologous PLT growth factors. The patient was discharged in 9th postoperative day and FGSI was still 6; the skin and subdermal tissue was barely reskined, with low homogeneous granulation, edema was heavely reduced. In our case, deviation from homeostasis status at admission was the main worrying factor. We found that diabetes mellitus and renal dysfunction at admission was also important risk factor for FG. "E.Coli" was the most common organism isolated from patient wound cultures. The FGSI is an objective and easy to apply score method to quantify the metabolic status and can be used to evaluate therapeutic options and assess results.

175. Minimally invasive thyroidectomy (MIT): indications and results

Author

Docimo, G., Salvatore Tolone, S., Gili, S., D Alessandro, A., Casalino, G., Luigi Brusciano, Ruggiero, R., Docimo, L., Docimo, Giovanni, Tolone, Salvatore, Gili, S., D'Alessandro, A., Casalino, G., Brusciano, L., Ruggiero, Roberto, and Docimo, Ludovico

Abstract

AIM: To establish if the indication for different approaches for thyroidectomy and the incision length provided by means of pre-operative assessment of gland volume and size of nodules resulted in safe and effective outcomes and in any notable aesthetic or quality-of-life impact on patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninehundred eightytwo consecutive patients, undergoing total thyroidectomy, were enrolled. The thyroid volume and maximal nodule diameter were measured by means of ultrasounds. Based on ultrasounds findings, patients were divided into three groups: minimally invasive video assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT), minimally invasive thyroidectomy (MIT) and conventional thyroidectomy (CT) groups. The data concerning the following parameters were collected: operative time, postoperative complications, postoperative pain and cosmetic results. RESULTS: The MIVAT group included 179 patients, MIT group included 592 patients and CT group included 211 patients. Incidence of complications did not differ significantly in each group. In MIVAT and MIT group, the perception of postoperative pain was less intense than CT group. The patients in the MIVAT (7±1.5) and MIT (8±2) groups were more satisfied with the cosmetic results than those in CT group (5±1.3) (p=

178. Surgical treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma without lymph nodal involvement

Author

Conzo, G., Docimo, G., Ruggiero, R., Napolitano, S., Palazzo, A., Claudio Gambardella, Mauriello, C., Tartaglia, E., Cavallo, F., Santini, L., Conzo, Giovanni, Docimo, Giovanni, Ruggiero, Roberto, Napolitano, S, Palazzo, A, Gambardella, C, Mauriello, C, Tartaglia, E, Cavallo, F, and Santini, L.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Carcinoma, Papillary thyroid cancer, radioactive iodine ablation, Carcinoma, Papillary, Thyroid Cancer, Papillary, Lymphatic Metastasis, Thyroidectomy, Humans, Female, Thyroid Neoplasms, Total Thyroidectomy, Routine central lynpho-node dissection, Follow-Up Studies, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Background. In the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), in absence of enlarged lymph nodes, the role of routine central lymph node dissection (RCLD) remains controversial. The aim of this study is to analyze data resulting from total thyroidectomy (TT) not combined with RCLD in the treatment of DTC. Methods. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical records of 80 patients treated between January 1996 and December 2003 with TT without RCLND, in absence of suspected enlarged lymph nodes at preoperative ultrasonography and intraoperatively during neck exploration. In this series, 75 patients (93.7%) underwent radioiodine (RAI) ablation, followed by Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) suppression therapy. In case of locoregional lymph nodal recurrence, a central (VI) and ipsilateral (III-IV) selective lymph node dissection was performed. Results. Incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism (iPTH < 10 pg/ml) and unilateral temporary vocal fold paralysis were respectively 2.55% and 2.55%. Locoregional recurrence, with positive cervical lymph nodes, after a 10.3 ± 4.7 years mean follow-up was observed in 3 patients (3.75%). They were submitted to a central (VI) and ipsilateral (III-IV) selective neck dissection without significant complications. Conclusions. In our series, TT not combined with RCLD was associated to a low locoregional recurrence rate, even if the lack of a control group treated with RCLD does not allow any generalized assumption. RCLD may be indicated in high risk patients, in whom lymph nodal recurrence is more frequent. More prospective randomized studies are needed to better define the role of RCLD and postoperative radioiodine ablation.

179. Antibiotic prophylaxis in breast surgery. Preliminary resuls of a multicenter randomized study on 1400 cases,Antibiotico profilassi in chirurgia senologica risultati preliminari di uno studio multicentrico randomizzato su 1400 casi trattati

Author

Sanguinetti, A., Rosato, L., Cirocchi, R., Barberini, F., Angela PEZZOLLA, Cavallaro, G., Parmeggiani, D., Ruggiero, R., Docimo, G., Procaccini, E., Santoriello, A., Rulli, A., Gubitosi, A., Canonico, S., Taffurelli, M., Sciannameo, F., Barbarisi, A., Docimo, L., Agresti, M., Toma, G., Noya, G., Parmeggiani, U., and Avenia, N.

180. Effect of homotaurine in patients with cognitive impairment: Results from an Italian observational retrospective study

Author

Alessandro Martorana, Motta, C., Koch, G., Massaia, M., Mondino, S., Raniero, I., Vacca, A., Di Lorenzo, F., Cavallo, G., Oddenino, E., Pavanelli, E., Maniscalco, M., Montano, V., Mastropietro, A., Bellia, N. C., Ciravegna, E., La Rocca, M., Vitale, E., Lorico, F., Zacchettin, B., Scalise, A., Codemo, A., Gabelli, C., Spano, M., Poli, S., Panuccio, D., Bruno, P., Alfieri, P., Ruggiero, R., Cursi, F., and Levi Della Vida, G.

182. Total thyroidectomy without prophylactic central neck dissection combined with routine oral calcium and vitamin d supplements: Is it a good option to achieve a low recurrence rate avoiding hypocalcemia? a retrospective study,Tiroidectomia totale senza dissezione profilattica del compartimento centrale del collo combi-nata con somministrazione di routine di calcio e vitamina D per via orale: È una scelta giusta per ottenere un basso tasso di ricorrenza evi-tando l'ipocalcemia? Uno studio retrospettivo

Author

Docimo, G., Salvatore Tolone, Ruggiero, R., Gubitosi, A., Pasquali, D., Bellis, A., Limongelli, P., Del Genio, G., Docimo, L., and Conzo, G.

186. Role of pre and post-operative oral calcium and vitamin D supplements in prevention of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy

Author

Docimo, G., Tolone, S., Daniela Pasquali, Conzo, G., D Alessandro, A., Casalino, G., Gili, S., Brusciano, L., Gubitosi, A., Del Genio, G., Ruggiero, R., Docimo, L., Docimo, Giovanni, Tolone, Salvatore, Pasquali, Daniela, Conzo, Giovanni, D'Alessandro, A., Casalino, G., Gili, S., Brusciano, L., Gubitosi, Adelmo, DEL GENIO, Gianmattia, Ruggiero, Roberto, and Docimo, Ludovico

Subjects
Adult, Male, endocrine system, Bone Density Conservation Agents, Hypocalcemia, Incidence, Administration, Oral, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Italy, Preoperative Period, Thyroidectomy, Humans, Calcium, Female, Postoperative Period, Vitamin D, Key-words: Thyroidectomy, hypocalcemia, calcium
Abstract

Aim: to evaluate the role of pre and post-operative oral calcium and vitamin D supplements in prevention of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy. Patients and Methods: 50 consecutive patients, undergoing total thyroidectomy, were enrolled. Oral calcium and vitamin D were administered in the pre and post-operative time. The data concerning symptomatic and laboratoristic hypocalcemia were collected. Results: Incidence of symptomatic hypocalcemia was very low (6%); incidence of laboratoristic hypocalcemia was 10%. No permanent hypocalcemia developed. Conclusions: Implementing oral calcium and vitamin D both before and after total thyroidectomy can reduce the incidence of hypocalcemia related to surgery.

187. Hyaluronic acid and adhesions on polypropylene endoperitoneal mesh: an experimental study

Author

Ruggiero R, Gubitosi A, Docimo G, Gili S, Salvatore Tolone, Bosco A, Casalino G, Docimo L, Ruggiero, Roberto, Gubitosi, Adelmo, Docimo, Giovanni, Gili, S, Tolone, Salvatore, Bosco, A, Casalino, G, and Docimo, Ludovico

Subjects
Hyaluronic acid, Animals, Tissue Adhesions, Equipment Design, Surgical Mesh, Peritoneal Diseases, Polypropylenes, Polypropylene, Shrinkage, Peritoneal adhesion, Rats, Ventral hernia repair
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid in preventing adhesion formation after endoperitoneal surgery in which prosthetic polypropylene mesh is placed directly on the viscera. Methods: Forty albino rats were included in this study and the animals were randomized to the following 4 groups each with 10 rats: polypropylene prosthesis (PP), PP+hyaluronic acid (HA), Hertra prosthesis (HP), HP+HA. A large defect was created in the anterior abdominal wall of each rat and repaired in different ways. In the first group a polypropylene mesh was placed intraperitoneally, while, in the second group the peritoneal surface of the mesh was impregnated with HA. In the third group a Hertra 0 polypropylene rigid mesh was placed intraperitoneally and, in the fourth group, the peritoneal surface of the Hertra 0 mesh was impregnated with HA. Clinical controls on the animals were carried out at 1 month. Each group was divided into two subgroups in which the controls and the prosthetic explantation were randomly carried out at 3 and 6 months. Explanted prostheses were subjected to histological and immunohistochemical analysis, and examined for shrinkage. An assessment of adhesion formation was performed, evaluating the quantity and tenacity of the adhesions. RESULTS: We demonstrated higher levels of adhesions in rats with PP than in those with HP and lower levels in rats with a protective layer of hyaluronic acid. The amount of fibronectin in the periprosthetic fibrotic tissue and the histological score confirmed the previous data. CONCLUSIONS: Hertra 0 mesh with HA provided the best results in terms of physical stability and resistance to adhesion formation.

188. Antibiotic prophylaxis in breast surgery. Preliminary resuls of a multicenter randomized study on 1400 cases | Antibiotico profilassi in chirurgia senologica risultati preliminari di uno studio multicentrico randomizzato su 1400 casi trattati

Author

Sanguinetti, A., Rosato, L., Cirocchi, R., Barberini, F., Pezzolla, A., Cavallaro, G., Parmeggiani, D., Ruggiero, R., Docimo, G., Procaccini, E., Santoriello, A., Rulli, A., Gubitosi, A., Canonico, S., Taffurelli, M., Sciannameo, F., Alfonso Barbarisi, Docimo, L., Agresti, M., Toma, G., Noya, G., Parmeggiani, U., and Avenia, N.

190. Ultrasound scissors versus electrocautery in axillary dissection: our experience

Author

Sanguinetti, A., Docimo, G., Ragusa, M., Calzolari, F., D Ajello, F., Ruggiero, R., Domenico Parmeggiani, Pezzolla, A., Procaccini, E., Avenia, N., Sanguinetti, A, Docimo, Giovanni, Ragusa, M, Calzolari, F, D'Ajello, F, Ruggiero, Roberto, Parmeggiani, Domenico, Pezzolla, A, Procaccini, E, and Avenia, N.

Subjects
Ultrasonic Therapy, axillary dissection, bisturi ad ultrasuoni, dissezione ascellare, Breast Neoplasms, Surgical Instruments, Ultrasound scissors, elettrocautery, Breast Cancer, Axilla, Electrocoagulation, Axillary dissection, ultrasound scissor, Humans, Lymph Node Excision, Female, Ultrasound Scissor
Abstract

The ultrasound scissors are recently emerging as an alternative surgical tool for dissection and haemostasis and have been extensively used in the field of minimally invasive surgery. We studied the utility and advantages of this instrument compared with electrocautery to perform axillary dissection. The operative and morbidity details of thirty-five breast cancer patients who underwent axillary dissection using the ultrasound scissors were compared with 35 matched controls operated with electrocautery by the same surgical team. There was no significant difference in the operating time between the ultrasound scissors and electrocautery group (36 and 30 mins, p>0.05). The blood loss (60 +/- 35 ml and 294 +/- 155 ml, p

191. Heavy flavor production in PHENIX

Author

Adler, S.S., Afanasiev, S., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N.N., Akiba, Y., Al-Jamel, A., Alexander, J., Alley, G., Amirikas, R., Aoki, K., Aphecetche, L., Archuleta, J.B., Archuleta, J.R., Armendariz, R., Armijo, V., Aronson, S.H., Averbeck, R., Awes, T.C., Azmoun, R., Babintsev, V., Baldisseri, A., Barish, K.N., Barnes, P.D., Bassalleck, B., Bathe, S., Batsouli, S., Baublis, V., Bauer, F., Bazilevsky, A., Belikov, S., Berdnikov, Y., Bhagavatula, S., Bjorndal, M.T., Bobrek, M., Boissevain, J.G., Boose, S., Borel, H., Borenstein, S., Britton Jr., C.L., Brooks, M.L., Brown, D.S., Brun, N., Bruner, N., Bryan, W.L., Bucher, D., Buesching, H., Bumazhnov, V., Bunce, G., Burward-Hoy, J.M., Butsyk, S., Cafferty, M.M., Camard, X., Chai, J.-S., Chand, P., Chang, W.C., Chappell, R.B., Chernichenko, S., Chevel, A., Chi, C.Y., Chiba, J., Chiu, M., Choi, I.J., Choi, J., Chollet, S., Choudhury, R.K., Chujo, T., Cianciolo, V., Clark, D., Cobigo, Y., Cole, B.A., Comets, M.P., Constantin, P., Csanad, M., Csorgo, T., Cunitz, H., Cussonneau, J.P., D'Enterria, D.G., Das, K., David, G., Deak, F., Debraine, A., Delagrange, H., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E.J., Devismes, A., Dietzsch, O., Drachenberg, J.L., Drapier, O., Drees, A., Drees, K.A., Durietz, R., Durum, A., Dutta, D., Dzhordzhadze, V., Echave, M.A., Efremenko, Y.V., Elchenawi, K., Emery, M.S., Enokizono, A., Enyo, H., Ericson, M.N., Espagnon, B., Esumi, S., Evseev, V., Ewell, L., Fields, D.E., Finck, C., Fleuret, F., Fokin, S.L., Fox, B.D., Fraenkel, Z., Frank, S.S., Frantz, J.E., Franz, A., Frawley, A.D., Fried, J., Fukao, Y., Fung, S.-Y., Gadrat, S., Gannon, J., Garpman, S., Gastaldi, F., Gee, T.F., Germain, M., Ghosh, T.K., Giannotti, P., Glenn, A., Gogiberidze, G., Gonin, M., Gosset, J., Goto, Y., Granier de Cassagnac, R., Grau, N., Greene, S.V., Grosse Perdekamp, M., Guryn, W., Gustafsson, H.-A., Hachiya, T., Haggerty, J.S., Hahn, S.F., Hamagaki, H., Hansen, A.G., Harder, J., Hart, G.W., Hartouni, E.P., Harvey, M., Hasuko, K., Hayano, R., Hayashi, N., He, X., Heffner, M., Heine, N., Hemmick, T.K., Heuser, J.M., Hibino, M., Hicks, J.S., Hidas, P., Hiejima, H., Hill, J.C., Hobbs, R., Holzmann, W., Homma, K., Hong, B., Hoover, A., Horaguchi, T., Hutchins, J.R., Hutter, R., Ichihara, T., Ikonnikov, V.V., Imai, K., Inaba, M., Inuzuka, M., Isenhower, D., Isenhower, L., Ishihara, M., Issah, M., Isupov, A., Jacak, B.V., Jagadish, U., Jang, W.Y., Jeong, Y., Jia, J., Jinnouchi, O., Johnson, B.M., Johnson, S.C., Jones Jr., J.P., Joo, K.S., Jouan, D., Kahn, S., Kajihara, F., Kametani, S., Kamihara, N., Kandasamy, A., Kaneta, M., Kang, J.H., Kann, M., Kapoor, S.S., Karadjev, K.V., Karar, A., Kato, S., Katou, K., Kawabata, T., Kazantsev, A., Kelley, M.A., Kelly, S., Khachaturov, B., Khanzadeev, A., Kikuchi, J., Kim, D.H., Kim, D.J., Kim, D.W., Kim, E., Kim, G.-B., Kim, H.J., Kinney, E., Kiss, A., Kistenev, E., Kiyomichi, A., Kiyoyama, K., Klein-Boesing, C., Kobayashi, H., Kochenda, L., Kochetkov, V., Koehler, D., Kohama, T., Kohara, R., Komkov, B., Konno, M., Kopytine, M., Kotchetkov, D., Kozlov, A., Kozlov, V., Kravtsov, P., Kroon, P.J., Kuberg, C.H., Kunde, G.J., Kuriatkov, V., Kurita, K., Kuroki, Y., Kweon, M.J., Kwon, Y., Kyle, G.S., Lacey, R., Ladygin, V., Lajoie, J.G., Le Bornec, Y., Lebedev, A., Lebedev, V.A., Leckey, S., Lee, D.M., Lee, S., Leitch, M.J., Leite, M.A.L., Li, X.H., Lim, H., Litvinenko, A., Liu, M.X., Liu, Y., Lopez, J.D., Maguire, C.F., Makdisi, Y.I., Malakhov, A., Manko, V.I., Mao, Y., Marek, L.J., Martinez, G., Marx, M.D., Masui, H., Matathias, F., Matsumoto, T., McCain, M.C., McGaughey, P.L., McKay, R., Melnikov, E., Messer, F., Miake, Y., Miftakhov, N., Milan, J., Miller, T.E., Milov, A., Mioduszewski, S., Mischke, R.E., Mishra, G.C., Mitchell, J.T., Mohanty, A.K., Montoya, B.C., Moore, J.A., Morrison, D.P., Moss, J.M., Muehlbacher, F., Mukhopadhyay, D., Muniruzzaman, M., Murata, J., Nagamiya, S., Nagle, J.L., Nakamura, T., Nandi, B.K., Nara, M., Newby, J., Nikolaev, S.A., Nilsson, P., Nyanin, A.S., Nystrand, J., O'Brien, E., Ogilvie, C.A., Ohnishi, H., Ojha, I.D., Okada, H., Okada, K., Ono, M., Onuchin, V., Oskarsson, A., Otterlund, I., Oyama, K., Ozawa, K., Pal, D., Palounek, A.P.T., Pancake, C., Pantuev, V.S., Papavassiliou, V., Park, J., Park, W.J., Parmar, A., Pate, S.F., Pearson, C., Pei, H., Peitzmann, T., Penev, V., Peng, J.-C., Pereira, H., Peresedov, V., Pierson, A., Pinkenburg, C., Pisani, R.P., Plasil, F., Prigl, R., Puill, G., Purschke, M.L., Purwar, A.K., Qualls, J.M., Rak, J., Rankowitz, S., Ravinovich, I., Read, K.F., Reuter, M., Reygers, K., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Robinson, S.H., Roche, G., Romana, A., Rosati, M., Roschin, E., Rosendahl, S.S.E., Rosnet, P., Ruggiero, R., Rumpf, M., Rykov, V.L., Ryu, S.S., Sadler, M.E., Saito, N., Sakaguchi, T., Sakai, M., Sakai, S., Samsonov, V., Sanfratello, L., Santo, R., Sato, H.D., Sato, S., Sawada, S., Schutz, Y., Semenov, V., Seto, R., Shaw, M.R., Shea, T.K., Shein, I., Shibata, T.-A., Shigaki, K., Shiina, T., Shimomura, M., Sickles, A., Silva, C.L., Silvermyr, D., Sim, K.S., Singh, C.P., Singh, V., Sippach, F.W., Sivertz, M., Skank, H.D., Sleege, G.A., Smith, D.E., Smith, G., Smith, M.C., Soldatov, A., Soltz, R.A., Sondheim, W.E., Sorensen, S.P., Sourikova, I.V., Staley, F., Stankus, P.W., Stenlund, E., Stepanov, M., Ster, A., Stoll, S.P., Sugitate, T., Sullivan, J.P., Takagi, S., Takagui, E.M., Taketani, A., Tamai, M., Tanaka, K.H., Tanaka, Y., Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M.J., Tarakanov, V., Taranenko, A., Tarjan, P., Tepe, J.D., Thomas, T.L., Togawa, M., Tojo, J., Torii, H., Towell, R.S., Tram, V.-N., Trofimov, V., Tserruya, I., Tsuchimoto, Y., Tsuruoka, H., Tuli, S.K., Tydesjo, H., Tyurin, N., Uam, T.J., Van Hecke, H.W., Vasiliev, A.A., Vassent, M., Velkovska, J., Velkovsky, M., Verhoeven, W., Veszpremi, V., Villatte, L., Vinogradov, A.A., Volkov, M.A., Vznuzdaev, E., Wang, X.R., Watanabe, Y., White, S.N., Whitus, B.R., Willis, N., Wintenberg, A.L., Wohn, F.K., Woody, C.L., Xie, W., Yang, Y., Yanovich, A., Yokkaichi, S., Young, G.R., Yushmanov, I.E., Zajc, W.A., Zhang, C., Zhang, L., Zhou, S., Zhou, S.J., Zimanyi, J., Zolin, L., Zong, X., Adler, S.S., Afanasiev, S., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N.N., Akiba, Y., Al-Jamel, A., Alexander, J., Alley, G., Amirikas, R., Aoki, K., Aphecetche, L., Archuleta, J.B., Archuleta, J.R., Armendariz, R., Armijo, V., Aronson, S.H., Averbeck, R., Awes, T.C., Azmoun, R., Babintsev, V., Baldisseri, A., Barish, K.N., Barnes, P.D., Bassalleck, B., Bathe, S., Batsouli, S., Baublis, V., Bauer, F., Bazilevsky, A., Belikov, S., Berdnikov, Y., Bhagavatula, S., Bjorndal, M.T., Bobrek, M., Boissevain, J.G., Boose, S., Borel, H., Borenstein, S., Britton Jr., C.L., Brooks, M.L., Brown, D.S., Brun, N., Bruner, N., Bryan, W.L., Bucher, D., Buesching, H., Bumazhnov, V., Bunce, G., Burward-Hoy, J.M., Butsyk, S., Cafferty, M.M., Camard, X., Chai, J.-S., Chand, P., Chang, W.C., Chappell, R.B., Chernichenko, S., Chevel, A., Chi, C.Y., Chiba, J., Chiu, M., Choi, I.J., Choi, J., Chollet, S., Choudhury, R.K., Chujo, T., Cianciolo, V., Clark, D., Cobigo, Y., Cole, B.A., Comets, M.P., Constantin, P., Csanad, M., Csorgo, T., Cunitz, H., Cussonneau, J.P., D'Enterria, D.G., Das, K., David, G., Deak, F., Debraine, A., Delagrange, H., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E.J., Devismes, A., Dietzsch, O., Drachenberg, J.L., Drapier, O., Drees, A., Drees, K.A., Durietz, R., Durum, A., Dutta, D., Dzhordzhadze, V., Echave, M.A., Efremenko, Y.V., Elchenawi, K., Emery, M.S., Enokizono, A., Enyo, H., Ericson, M.N., Espagnon, B., Esumi, S., Evseev, V., Ewell, L., Fields, D.E., Finck, C., Fleuret, F., Fokin, S.L., Fox, B.D., Fraenkel, Z., Frank, S.S., Frantz, J.E., Franz, A., Frawley, A.D., Fried, J., Fukao, Y., Fung, S.-Y., Gadrat, S., Gannon, J., Garpman, S., Gastaldi, F., Gee, T.F., Germain, M., Ghosh, T.K., Giannotti, P., Glenn, A., Gogiberidze, G., Gonin, M., Gosset, J., Goto, Y., Granier de Cassagnac, R., Grau, N., Greene, S.V., Grosse Perdekamp, M., Guryn, W., Gustafsson, H.-A., Hachiya, T., Haggerty, J.S., Hahn, S.F., Hamagaki, H., Hansen, A.G., Harder, J., Hart, G.W., Hartouni, E.P., Harvey, M., Hasuko, K., Hayano, R., Hayashi, N., He, X., Heffner, M., Heine, N., Hemmick, T.K., Heuser, J.M., Hibino, M., Hicks, J.S., Hidas, P., Hiejima, H., Hill, J.C., Hobbs, R., Holzmann, W., Homma, K., Hong, B., Hoover, A., Horaguchi, T., Hutchins, J.R., Hutter, R., Ichihara, T., Ikonnikov, V.V., Imai, K., Inaba, M., Inuzuka, M., Isenhower, D., Isenhower, L., Ishihara, M., Issah, M., Isupov, A., Jacak, B.V., Jagadish, U., Jang, W.Y., Jeong, Y., Jia, J., Jinnouchi, O., Johnson, B.M., Johnson, S.C., Jones Jr., J.P., Joo, K.S., Jouan, D., Kahn, S., Kajihara, F., Kametani, S., Kamihara, N., Kandasamy, A., Kaneta, M., Kang, J.H., Kann, M., Kapoor, S.S., Karadjev, K.V., Karar, A., Kato, S., Katou, K., Kawabata, T., Kazantsev, A., Kelley, M.A., Kelly, S., Khachaturov, B., Khanzadeev, A., Kikuchi, J., Kim, D.H., Kim, D.J., Kim, D.W., Kim, E., Kim, G.-B., Kim, H.J., Kinney, E., Kiss, A., Kistenev, E., Kiyomichi, A., Kiyoyama, K., Klein-Boesing, C., Kobayashi, H., Kochenda, L., Kochetkov, V., Koehler, D., Kohama, T., Kohara, R., Komkov, B., Konno, M., Kopytine, M., Kotchetkov, D., Kozlov, A., Kozlov, V., Kravtsov, P., Kroon, P.J., Kuberg, C.H., Kunde, G.J., Kuriatkov, V., Kurita, K., Kuroki, Y., Kweon, M.J., Kwon, Y., Kyle, G.S., Lacey, R., Ladygin, V., Lajoie, J.G., Le Bornec, Y., Lebedev, A., Lebedev, V.A., Leckey, S., Lee, D.M., Lee, S., Leitch, M.J., Leite, M.A.L., Li, X.H., Lim, H., Litvinenko, A., Liu, M.X., Liu, Y., Lopez, J.D., Maguire, C.F., Makdisi, Y.I., Malakhov, A., Manko, V.I., Mao, Y., Marek, L.J., Martinez, G., Marx, M.D., Masui, H., Matathias, F., Matsumoto, T., McCain, M.C., McGaughey, P.L., McKay, R., Melnikov, E., Messer, F., Miake, Y., Miftakhov, N., Milan, J., Miller, T.E., Milov, A., Mioduszewski, S., Mischke, R.E., Mishra, G.C., Mitchell, J.T., Mohanty, A.K., Montoya, B.C., Moore, J.A., Morrison, D.P., Moss, J.M., Muehlbacher, F., Mukhopadhyay, D., Muniruzzaman, M., Murata, J., Nagamiya, S., Nagle, J.L., Nakamura, T., Nandi, B.K., Nara, M., Newby, J., Nikolaev, S.A., Nilsson, P., Nyanin, A.S., Nystrand, J., O'Brien, E., Ogilvie, C.A., Ohnishi, H., Ojha, I.D., Okada, H., Okada, K., Ono, M., Onuchin, V., Oskarsson, A., Otterlund, I., Oyama, K., Ozawa, K., Pal, D., Palounek, A.P.T., Pancake, C., Pantuev, V.S., Papavassiliou, V., Park, J., Park, W.J., Parmar, A., Pate, S.F., Pearson, C., Pei, H., Peitzmann, T., Penev, V., Peng, J.-C., Pereira, H., Peresedov, V., Pierson, A., Pinkenburg, C., Pisani, R.P., Plasil, F., Prigl, R., Puill, G., Purschke, M.L., Purwar, A.K., Qualls, J.M., Rak, J., Rankowitz, S., Ravinovich, I., Read, K.F., Reuter, M., Reygers, K., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Robinson, S.H., Roche, G., Romana, A., Rosati, M., Roschin, E., Rosendahl, S.S.E., Rosnet, P., Ruggiero, R., Rumpf, M., Rykov, V.L., Ryu, S.S., Sadler, M.E., Saito, N., Sakaguchi, T., Sakai, M., Sakai, S., Samsonov, V., Sanfratello, L., Santo, R., Sato, H.D., Sato, S., Sawada, S., Schutz, Y., Semenov, V., Seto, R., Shaw, M.R., Shea, T.K., Shein, I., Shibata, T.-A., Shigaki, K., Shiina, T., Shimomura, M., Sickles, A., Silva, C.L., Silvermyr, D., Sim, K.S., Singh, C.P., Singh, V., Sippach, F.W., Sivertz, M., Skank, H.D., Sleege, G.A., Smith, D.E., Smith, G., Smith, M.C., Soldatov, A., Soltz, R.A., Sondheim, W.E., Sorensen, S.P., Sourikova, I.V., Staley, F., Stankus, P.W., Stenlund, E., Stepanov, M., Ster, A., Stoll, S.P., Sugitate, T., Sullivan, J.P., Takagi, S., Takagui, E.M., Taketani, A., Tamai, M., Tanaka, K.H., Tanaka, Y., Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M.J., Tarakanov, V., Taranenko, A., Tarjan, P., Tepe, J.D., Thomas, T.L., Togawa, M., Tojo, J., Torii, H., Towell, R.S., Tram, V.-N., Trofimov, V., Tserruya, I., Tsuchimoto, Y., Tsuruoka, H., Tuli, S.K., Tydesjo, H., Tyurin, N., Uam, T.J., Van Hecke, H.W., Vasiliev, A.A., Vassent, M., Velkovska, J., Velkovsky, M., Verhoeven, W., Veszpremi, V., Villatte, L., Vinogradov, A.A., Volkov, M.A., Vznuzdaev, E., Wang, X.R., Watanabe, Y., White, S.N., Whitus, B.R., Willis, N., Wintenberg, A.L., Wohn, F.K., Woody, C.L., Xie, W., Yang, Y., Yanovich, A., Yokkaichi, S., Young, G.R., Yushmanov, I.E., Zajc, W.A., Zhang, C., Zhang, L., Zhou, S., Zhou, S.J., Zimanyi, J., Zolin, L., and Zong, X.

Abstract

The PHENIX experiment at RHIC measured single electron spectra in p + p, d + Au and Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV, and in Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 62.4$ GeV. In these spectra, electrons from semi-leptonic decays of charmed particles are the dominant contribution after subtraction of all 'photonic' sources (photon conversions, Dalitz decays, decays of light vector mesons). The p + p open charm production cross-section is found to be in good agreement with pQCD NLO calculations. The shape of the distributions obtained for p + p interactions is compared with those observed for nucleus-nucleus collisions. From p + p to d + Au and Au + Au interactions, open charm production is found to scale with the number of binary collisions $N_{\rm coll}$ . Au + Au data at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 62.4$ GeV is compatible with the ISR p + p results scaled by $N_{\rm coll}$ . The elliptic flow parameter v2 of heavy flavor electrons has also been measured, and is found to be non-zero in the intermediate pT range.

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192. Quarkonium production from d+Au to Au+Au collisions

Author

Adler, S.S., Afanasiev, S., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N.N., Akiba, Y., Al-Jamel, A., Alexander, J., Alley, G., Amirikas, R., Aoki, K., Aphecetche, L., Archuleta, J.B., Archuleta, J.R., Armendariz, R., Armijo, V., Aronson, S.H., Averbeck, R., Awes, T.C., Azmoun, R., Babintsev, V., Baldisseri, A., Barish, K.N., Barnes, P.D., Bassalleck, B., Bathe, S., Batsouli, S., Baublis, V., Bauer, F., Bazilevsky, A., Belikov, S., Berdnikov, Y., Bhagavatula, S., Bjorndal, M.T., Bobrek, M., Boissevain, J.G., Boose, S., Borel, H., Borenstein, S., Britton Jr., C.L., Brooks, M.L., Brown, D.S., Brun, N., Bruner, N., Bryan, W.L., Bucher, D., Buesching, H., Bumazhnov, V., Bunce, G., Burward-Hoy, J.M., Butsyk, S., Cafferty, M.M., Camard, X., Chai, J.-S., Chand, P., Chang, W.C., Chappell, R.B., Chernichenko, S., Chevel, A., Chi, C.Y., Chiba, J., Chiu, M., Choi, I.J., Choi, J., Chollet, S., Choudhury, R.K., Chujo, T., Cianciolo, V., Clark, D., Cobigo, Y., Cole, B.A., Comets, M.P., Constantin, P., Csanad, M., Csorgo, T., Cunitz, H., Cussonneau, J.P., D'Enterria, D.G., Das, K., David, G., Deak, F., Debraine, A., Delagrange, H., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E.J., Devismes, A., Dietzsch, O., Drachenberg, J.L., Drapier, O., Drees, A., Drees, K.A., Du Rietz, R., Durum, A., Dutta, D., Dzhordzhadze, V., Echave, M.A., Efremenko, Y.V., El Chenawi, K., Emery, M.S., Enokizono, A., Enyo, H., Ericson, M.N., Espagnon, B., Esumi, S., Evseev, V., Ewell, L., Fields, D.E., Finck, C., Fleuret, F., Fokin, S.L., Fox, B.D., Fraenkel, Z., Frank, S.S., Frantz, J.E., Franz, A., Frawley, A.D., Fried, J., Fukao, Y., Fung, S.-Y., Gadrat, S., Gannon, J., Garpman, S., Gastaldi, F., Gee, T.F., Germain, M., Ghosh, T.K., Giannotti, P., Glenn, A., Gogiberidze, G., Gonin, M., Gosset, J., Goto, Y., Granier de Cassagnac, R., Grau, N., Greene, S.V., Grosse Perdekamp, M., Guryn, W., Gustafsson, H.-A., Hachiya, T., Haggerty, J.S., Hahn, S.F., Hamagaki, H., Hansen, A.G., Harder, J., Hart, G.W., Hartouni, E.P., Harvey, M., 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Abstract

The PHENIX experiment measured J/$\psi$ production in pp, d+Au and Au+Au reactions at \sqrt{^sNN}$ = 200 GeV over a wide range of rapidity and transverse momentum. The nuclear modification factor obtained by comparing the d+Au and pp cross sections as a function of rapidity, is consistent with shadowing of the gluon distribution functions. J/$\psi$ production in Au+Au collisions was compared to the production in pp collisions and it was found to be inconsistent with models that predict strong enhancement relative to binary collision scaling.

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193. Quarkonium production from d+Au to Au+Au collisions

Author

Adler, S.S., Afanasiev, S., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N.N., Akiba, Y., Al-Jamel, A., Alexander, J., Alley, G., Amirikas, R., Aoki, K., Aphecetche, L., Archuleta, J.B., Archuleta, J.R., Armendariz, R., Armijo, V., Aronson, S.H., Averbeck, R., Awes, T.C., Azmoun, R., Babintsev, V., Baldisseri, A., Barish, K.N., Barnes, P.D., Bassalleck, B., Bathe, S., Batsouli, S., Baublis, V., Bauer, F., Bazilevsky, A., Belikov, S., Berdnikov, Y., Bhagavatula, S., Bjorndal, M.T., Bobrek, M., Boissevain, J.G., Boose, S., Borel, H., Borenstein, S., Britton Jr., C.L., Brooks, M.L., Brown, D.S., Brun, N., Bruner, N., Bryan, W.L., Bucher, D., Buesching, H., Bumazhnov, V., Bunce, G., Burward-Hoy, J.M., Butsyk, S., Cafferty, M.M., Camard, X., Chai, J.-S., Chand, P., Chang, W.C., Chappell, R.B., Chernichenko, S., Chevel, A., Chi, C.Y., Chiba, J., Chiu, M., Choi, I.J., Choi, J., Chollet, S., Choudhury, R.K., Chujo, T., Cianciolo, V., Clark, D., Cobigo, Y., Cole, B.A., Comets, M.P., Constantin, P., Csanad, M., Csorgo, T., Cunitz, H., Cussonneau, J.P., D'enterria, D.G., Das, K., David, G., Deak, F., Debraine, A., Delagrange, H., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E.J., Devismes, A., Dietzsch, O., Drachenberg, J.L., Drapier, O., Drees, A., Drees, K.A., Du Rietz, R., Durum, A., Dutta, D., Dzhordzhadze, V., Echave, M.A., Efremenko, Y.V., El Chenawi, K., Emery, M.S., Enokizono, A., Enyo, H., Ericson, M.N., Espagnon, B., Esumi, S., Evseev, V., Ewell, L., Fields, D.E., Finck, C., Fleuret, F., Fokin, S.L., Fox, B.D., Fraenkel, Z., Frank, S.S., Frantz, J.E., Franz, A., Frawley, A.D., Fried, J., Fukao, Y., Fung, S.-Y., Gadrat, S., Gannon, J., Garpman, S., Gastaldi, F., Gee, T.F., Germain, M., Ghosh, T.K., Giannotti, P., Glenn, A., Gogiberidze, G., Gonin, M., Gosset, J., Goto, Y., Granier De Cassagnac, R., Grau, N., Greene, S.V., Grosse Perdekamp, M., Guryn, W., Gustafsson, H.-A., Hachiya, T., Haggerty, J.S., Hahn, S.F., Hamagaki, H., Hansen, A.G., Harder, J., Hart, G.W., Hartouni, E.P., Harvey, M., 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Abstract

The PHENIX experiment measured J/$\psi$ production in pp, d+Au and Au+Au reactions at \sqrt{^sNN}$ = 200 GeV over a wide range of rapidity and transverse momentum. The nuclear modification factor obtained by comparing the d+Au and pp cross sections as a function of rapidity, is consistent with shadowing of the gluon distribution functions. J/$\psi$ production in Au+Au collisions was compared to the production in pp collisions and it was found to be inconsistent with models that predict strong enhancement relative to binary collision scaling.

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194. Medium effects on high $\P_{T}$ particle production measured with the PHENIX experiment

Author

Adler, S.S., Afanasiev, S., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N.N., Akiba, Y., Al-Jamel, A., Alexander, J., Alley, G., Amirikas, R., Aoki, K., Aphecetche, L., Archuleta, J.B., Archuleta, J.R., Armendariz, R., Armijo, V., Aronson, S.H., Averbeck, R., Awes, T.C., Azmoun, R., Babintsev, V., Baldisseri, A., Barish, K.N., Barnes, P.D., Bassalleck, B., Bathe, S., Batsouli, S., Baublis, V., Bauer, F., Bazilevsky, A., Belikov, S., Berdnikov, Y., Bhagavatula, S., Bjorndal, M.T., Bobrek, M., Boissevain, J.G., Boose, S., Borel, H., Borenstein, S., Britton Jr., C.L., Brooks, M.L., Brown, D.S., Brun, N., Bruner, N., Bryan, W.L., Bucher, D., Buesching, H., Bumazhnov, V., Bunce, G., Burward-Hoy, J.M., Butsyk, S., Cafferty, M.M., Camard, X., Chai, J.-S., Chand, P., Chang, W.C., Chappell, R.B., Chernichenko, S., Chevel, A., Chi, C.Y., Chiba, J., Chiu, M., Choi, I.J., Choi, J., Chollet, S., Choudhury, R.K., Chujo, T., Cianciolo, V., Clark, D., Cobigo, Y., Cole, B.A., Comets, M.P., Constantin, P., Csanad, M., Csorgo, T., Cunitz, H., Cussonneau, J.P., D'Enterria, D.G., Das, K., David, G., Deak, F., Debraine, A., Delagrange, H., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E.J., Devismes, A., Dietzsch, O., Drachenberg, J.L., Drapier, O., Drees, A., Drees, K.A., Durietz, R., Durum, A., Dutta, D., Dzhordzhadze, V., Echave, M.A., Efremenko, Y.V., Elchenawi, K., Emery, M.S., Enokizono, A., Enyo, H., Ericson, M.N., Espagnon, B., Esumi, S., Evseev, V., Ewell, L., Fields, D.E., Finck, C., Fleuret, F., Fokin, S.L., Fox, B.D., Fraenkel, Z., Frank, S.S., Frantz, J.E., Franz, A., Frawley, A.D., Fried, J., Fukao, Y., Fung, S.-Y., Gadrat, S., Gannon, J., Garpman, S., Gastaldi, F., Gee, T.F., Germain, M., Ghosh, T.K., Giannotti, P., Glenn, A., Gogiberidze, G., Gonin, M., Gosset, J., Goto, Y., Granier de Cassagnac, R., Grau, N., Greene, S.V., Grosse Perdekamp, M., Guryn, W., Gustafsson, H.-A., Hachiya, T., Haggerty, J.S., Hahn, S.F., Hamagaki, H., Hansen, A.G., Harder, J., Hart, G.W., Hartouni, E.P., Harvey, M., Hasuko, K., Hayano, R., Hayashi, N., He, X., Heffner, M., Heine, N., Hemmick, T.K., Heuser, J.M., Hibino, M., Hicks, J.S., Hidas, P., Hiejima, H., Hill, J.C., Hobbs, R., Holzmann, W., Homma, K., Hong, B., Hoover, A., Horaguchi, T., Hutchins, J.R., Hutter, R., Ichihara, T., Ikonnikov, V.V., Imai, K., Inaba, M., Inuzuka, M., Isenhower, D., Isenhower, L., Ishihara, M., Issah, M., Isupov, A., Jacak, B.V., Jagadish, U., Jang, W.Y., Jeong, Y., Jia, J., Jinnouchi, O., Johnson, B.M., Johnson, S.C., Jones Jr., J.P., Joo, K.S., Jouan, D., Kahn, S., Kajihara, F., Kametani, S., Kamihara, N., Kandasamy, A., Kaneta, M., Kang, J.H., Kann, M., Kapoor, S.S., Karadjev, K.V., Karar, A., Kato, S., Katou, K., Kawabata, T., Kazantsev, A., Kelley, M.A., Kelly, S., Khachaturov, B., Khanzadeev, A., Kikuchi, J., Kim, D.H., Kim, D.J., Kim, D.W., Kim, E., Kim, G.-B., Kim, H.J., Kinney, E., Kiss, A., Kistenev, E., Kiyomichi, A., Kiyoyama, K., Klein-Boesing, C., Kobayashi, H., Kochenda, L., Kochetkov, V., Koehler, 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Abstract

Transverse momentum $\P_{T}$ spectra measured by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC in Au + Au, d + Au and pp collisions at $\sqrt {^S{NN}} = 200 GeV$ and in Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt {^S{NN}} = 62.4 GeV$ are presented. A suppression of the yield of high $\P_{T}$ hadrons in central Au + Au collisions by a factor 4-5 at $\P_{T}>5$ is found relative to the pp reference scaled by the nuclear overlap function $(\T_{AB})$ . In contrast, direct photons are not suppressed in central Au + Au collisions and no suppression of high $\P_{T}$ particles can be seen in d + Au collisions. This leads to the conclusion that the dense medium formed in central Au + Au collisions is responsible for the suppression.

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