188 results on '"Romero, Gema"'
Search Results
152. La aglomeración metropolitana de Sevilla en la sociedad del conocimiento
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Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, García García, Antonio, González Romero, Gema, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, García García, Antonio, and González Romero, Gema
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- 2010
153. Dinamismo, innovación y desarrollo en ciudades pequeñas y medias de Andalucía
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Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, European Union (UE), Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, González Romero, Gema, Mendoza Bonet, Aída, Silva Pérez, María Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, European Union (UE), Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, González Romero, Gema, Mendoza Bonet, Aída, and Silva Pérez, María Rocío
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- 2009
154. Innovación y desarrollo local en una ciudad media de Andalucía. El caso de Antequera (Málaga)
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Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC). España, European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, Fernández Salinas, Víctor, García García, Antonio, González Romero, Gema, Mendoza Bonet, Aída, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC). España, European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, Fernández Salinas, Víctor, García García, Antonio, González Romero, Gema, and Mendoza Bonet, Aída
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- 2009
155. Las redes de colaboración como base del desarrollo territorial
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Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, González Romero, Gema, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, and González Romero, Gema
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Las profundas transformaciones asociadas al proceso de globalización están afectando a nuestras sociedades y territorios conformándose nuevos escenarios en los que el espacio abstracto de las redes interactúa con el espacio concreto de los lugares. La contradicción generada entre las crecientes tendencias globalizadoras y la revitalización experimentada por las identidades locales es sin duda la principal característica del modelo socio-territorial que ahora se perfila, siendo necesario contemplar estas dos lógicas para poder comprender e interpretar la realidad. En este contexto general de referencia, este artículo se propone participar en algunos de los debates teóricos y operativos actualmente presentes en el entorno científico y social, centrando la atención en la importancia que tiene para el desarrollo local el aprovechamiento de los propios recursos y destacando entre ellos el llamado capital social, estrechamente vinculado a la existencia de redes., The deep transformations associated with the process of globalization are affecting our societies and territories conforming new scenarios where the abstract space of the networks interacts with the specific local space. The contradiction generated between the increasing globalization trend and the revitalization experienced by local identities is undoubtedly the principal feature of the emerging territorial model, thus it is necessary to contemplate these two logics to be able to understand and interpret the reality. In this general context, this article aims to take part in some of the present theoretical and operative debates in the scientific and social sphere, paying attention to the importance that the use of the own resources has for local development, and emphasizing among these resources the so called social capital narrowly linked to the existence of networks.
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- 2009
156. Aportaciones del Foro de expertos sobre la cohesión, la diversidad y el desarrollo territorial: reflexiones en torno al libro verde de la Comisión de las Comunidades Europeas
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Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Física y Análisis Geográfico Regional, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, Fernández Tabales, Alfonso, Rodríguez Mateos, Juan Carlos, García García, Antonio, González Romero, Gema, Pedregal Mateos, Belén, Pita López, María Fernanda, Silva Pérez, María Rocío, Torres Gutiérrez, Francisco José, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Física y Análisis Geográfico Regional, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, Fernández Tabales, Alfonso, Rodríguez Mateos, Juan Carlos, García García, Antonio, González Romero, Gema, Pedregal Mateos, Belén, Pita López, María Fernanda, Silva Pérez, María Rocío, and Torres Gutiérrez, Francisco José
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- 2009
157. Desarrollo e innovación en ciudades medias
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Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, González Romero, Gema, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, and González Romero, Gema
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- 2009
158. Recursos patrimoniales y organización territorial: el caso de Andalucía
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Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, Fernández Salinas, Víctor, García García, Antonio, González Romero, Gema, López Lara, Paloma, Silva Pérez, María Rocío, Voth, Andreas, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, Fernández Salinas, Víctor, García García, Antonio, González Romero, Gema, López Lara, Paloma, Silva Pérez, María Rocío, and Voth, Andreas
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El artículo pretende identificar y categorizar el patrimonio natural y cultural que cuenta con algún tipo de reconocimiento oficial en Andalucía, centrando la atención en su dimensión espacial. Para ello se utilizan las unidades territoriales recogidas en las Bases para una Carta sobre Patrimonio y Desarrollo en Andalucía: áreas urbanas, litorales, vegas y campiñas y zonas de montaña. En primer lugar se atiende al patrimonio natural, y posteriormente al cultural. En ambos casos se enumeran cuáles son las figuras de reconocimiento internacional, nacional y autonómico existentes en la región, y posteriormente se atiende a su distribución en las unidades territoriales anteriormente mencionadas. Se concluye argumentando que sólo a través del tratamiento conjunto de los activos patrimoniales con que cuenta un territorio se podrá conseguir que éstos se conviertan en un recurso para su desarrollo y, en este sentido, la territorialización patrimonial planteada en este artículo puede constituir un buen punto de partida.
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- 2008
159. Indicadores de dinamismo, innovación y desarrollo: su aplicación en ciudades pequeñas y medias de Andalucía
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Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, González Romero, Gema, Mendoza Bonet, Aída, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, González Romero, Gema, and Mendoza Bonet, Aída
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En la búsqueda de un modelo de desarrollo de carácter integrado, las ciudades de dimensión y rango intermedios han alcanzado un creciente protagonismo pues, al funcionar como eslabón entre las ciudades de mayor tamaño y los ámbitos rurales, pueden favorecer la difusión territorial del desarrollo. Para analizar el comportamiento de este tipo de ciudades desde la perspectiva que se ha señalado, resulta imprescindible utilizar indicadores que no sólo permitan conocer el dinamismo socioeconómico y la capacidad innovadora de las mismas, sino también aquéllos otros que pongan en evidencia el grado de bienestar social y de calidad de vida de sus habitantes. En este contexto de referencia, el objetivo de este artículo es identificar, seleccionar y sistematizar todos aquellos indicadores que puedan resultar significativos para el conocimiento del comportamiento más o menos dinámico e innovador de las ciudades pequeñas y medias, así como los relacionados con el bienestar social y la calidad ambiental, y ensayar su aplicación en Andalucía.
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- 2007
160. Indicadores de dinamismo, innovación y desarrollo: su aplicación en ciudades pequeñas y medias de Andalucía
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Mendoza Bonet, Aída, Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, González Romero, Gema, Mendoza Bonet, Aída, Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, and González Romero, Gema
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En la búsqueda de un modelo de desarrollo de carácter integrado, las ciudades de dimensión y rango intermedios han alcanzado un creciente protagonismo pues, al funcionar como eslabón entre las ciudades de mayor tamaño y los ámbitos rurales, pueden favorecer la difusión territorial del desarrollo. Para analizar el comportamiento de este tipo de ciudades desde la perspectiva que se ha señalado, resulta imprescindible utilizar indicadores que no sólo permitan conocer el dinamismo socioeconómico y la capacidad innovadora de las mismas, sino también aquéllos otros que pongan en evidencia el grado de bienestar social y de calidad de vida de sus habitantes. En este contexto de referencia, el objetivo de este artículo es identificar, seleccionar y sistematizar todos aquellos indicadores que puedan resultar significativos para el conocimiento del comportamiento más o menos dinámico e innovador de las ciudades pequeñas y medias, así como los relacionados con el bienestar social y la calidad ambiental, y ensayar su aplicación en Andalucía.
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- 2007
161. Innovación territorial y políticas públicas
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Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC). España, González Romero, Gema, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC). España, and González Romero, Gema
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El creciente interés que hoy despierta la innovación, como instrumento que puede elevar la capacidad competitiva de las empresas, mejorar la calidad de vida y contribuir a la sostenibilidad ambiental, ha motivado que sea objeto de atención preferente tanto de las investigaciones en ciencias sociales como de las políticas de desarrollo regional. La proliferación de enfoques teóricos que pretenden explicar las ventajas de los territorios asociadas a su capacidad de innovación ha condicionado la propia concepción de las políticas de promoción de la innovación, por lo que las modificaciones de estas últimas han discurrido paralelas a las que ha experimentado el propio concepto de innovación. Con este marco de referencia, este artículo tiene como principales objetivos describir y valorar las líneas de intervención pública que en materia de innovación se han venido implementando en las últimas décadas, a la vez que reflexionar sobre los retos que se les plantean a las nuevas políticas de innovación., The rising importance of the innovation, like tool may raise competitive capacity of the enterprises, improve the welfare and contribute to environmental sostenibility, has aroused the interest of social science studies, as soon as the attention of regional development policies. Proliferate of theoretic approaches that try to expound the advantages of territories associated with their innovation capacity has conditioned the idea of innovation policies, so that their modifications have passed parallel to the concept of innovation. In this framework the main aim of this paper is to describe and value the public innovation policy in the last decades, moreover to reflect on the challenges of the new innovation policies.
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- 2006
162. Innovación territorial y políticas públicas
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González Romero, Gema and González Romero, Gema
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- 2006
163. La conformación de sistemas productivos locales en torno al sector del mueble en Andalucía
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Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, González Romero, Gema, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, and González Romero, Gema
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En el contexto actual de creciente integración económica, en el que han de articularse dinámicas globales y locales, los distritos industriales y sistemas productivos locales destacan como formas de organización empresarial exitosas ; de ahí que hayan sido merecedores -junto con los medios innovadores- de calificaciones tales como espacios emergentes o ganadores de la actual economía global. Con estos presupuestos de partida, este artículo se plantea como principal objetivo describir la dinámica experimentada por los distritos industriales conformados en torno al sector del mueble en Andalucía a partir de un estudio comparado entre sistemas productivos de los municipios de Lucena (Córdoba), Mancha Real (Jaén) y Valverde del Camino (Huelva)., At the present time characterized by the deep processes of integration that have place in the economy and the articulation of global and local dynamics, the industrial districts and local productive systems stand out as successful enterprise organisation forms; in this way, they have deserved -together with innovation milieus- the qualifier of "winning and emergency spaces" at the present global economy. In this general context of reference, the aim of this paper is to analyse what is the dynamic of the main local productive systems make about wood industry in Andalusia; in this way, three case of study are selected: Lucena (Cordoba), Mancha Real (Jaén) and Valverde del Camino (Huelva).
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- 2005
164. Las nuevas lógicas de funcionamiento industrial y sus efectos territoriales
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Zoido Naranjo, Florencio, Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, González Romero, Gema, Zoido Naranjo, Florencio, Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, and González Romero, Gema
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- 2005
165. Innovación, redes, recursos patrimoniales y desarrollo territorial
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Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, González Romero, Gema, Silva Pérez, María Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, González Romero, Gema, and Silva Pérez, María Rocío
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Las profundas transformaciones ocurridas durante las últimas décadas demandan nuevas respuestas para poder hacer frente a los problemas y retos que ahora se perfilan. En tal sentido, es necesario destacar la influencia ejercida por tres tipos de condicionantes en los procesos de desarrollo territorial: la innovación, la creación de redes y el aprovechamiento racional de los recursos existentes en cada ámbito. Con este marco general de referencia, este artículo pretende insertarse en el contexto de algunos de los principales debates teóricos y operativos presentes en el entorno científico y social, centrando la atención en la consideración de la influencia que ejercen los condicionantes citados en la conformación de los territorios inteligentes, que son aquellos capaces de contribuir a mejorar la calidad de vida de la sociedad que los habita y el desarrollo personal de todos los ciudadanos., Deep transformations occurred during the last decades demand different responses to ride out new problems and challenges. In this way, it is necessary to emphasize the role played by three determining factors: innovation, networks and the rational use of resources. In this general context, this paper attempts to take part in social and scientific scene’s main theoretical debates, focusing on the influence that these factors exert to create intelligent territories, the ones that are able to support the improvement of citizens’ welfare.
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- 2005
166. Distribución espacial de los desequilibrios territoriales
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Zoido Naranjo, Florencio, Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, González Romero, Gema, Zoido Naranjo, Florencio, Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, and González Romero, Gema
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- 2005
167. Evaluation of Commercial Probes for On-Line Electrical Conductivity Measurements during Goat Gland Milking Process
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Romero, Gema, primary, Díaz, Jose Ramon, additional, Sabater, Jose Maria, additional, and Perez, Carlos, additional
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- 2012
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168. Redes e innovación socio-institucional en sistemas productivos locales
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Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, González Romero, Gema, Silva Pérez, María Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, González Romero, Gema, and Silva Pérez, María Rocío
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La innovación se ha convertido en un concepto de uso cada vez más frecuente en todas las disciplinas, puesto que, no sólo permite mejorar la competitividad de las empresas, sino también utilizar más adecuadamente los propios recursos. La complejización de las relaciones entre empresas y entre éstas y las instituciones es una fuente importante de sinergias y economías externas. En este contexto, el objetivo de esta comunicación es plantear una propuesta metodológica para el análisis de la innovación social a partir de un ejemplo concreto.
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- 2003
169. Redes e innovación socio-institucional en sistemas productivos locales
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Silva Pérez, Rocío, Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, González Romero, Gema, Silva Pérez, Rocío, Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, and González Romero, Gema
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La innovación se ha convertido en un concepto de uso cada vez más frecuente en todas las disciplinas, puesto que, no sólo permite mejorar la competitividad de las empresas, sino también utilizar más adecuadamente los propios recursos. La complejización de las relaciones entre empresas y entre éstas y las instituciones es una fuente importante de sinergias y economías externas. En este contexto, el objetivo de esta comunicación es plantear una propuestametodológica para el análisis de la innovación social a partir de un ejemplo concreto.
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- 2003
170. Actividad innovadora y creación de sinergias en el complejo innovador de Sevilla-Tecnópolis
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Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, González Romero, Gema, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, and González Romero, Gema
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- 2002
171. Los espacios emergentes en Andalucía
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Moyano Estrada, Eduardo, Pérez Yruela, Manuel, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, González Romero, Gema, López Lara, Paloma, Silva Pérez, María Rocío, Moyano Estrada, Eduardo, Pérez Yruela, Manuel, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, González Romero, Gema, López Lara, Paloma, and Silva Pérez, María Rocío
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- 2002
172. Innovación en la pequeña y mediana empresa: el caso de Alcalá de Guadaira (Sevilla)
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Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, Colorado Campos, David, González Romero, Gema, Paneque Romero, Pilar, Pérez Sánchez, Begoña, Puente Asuero, Raúl, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía Humana, Caravaca Barroso, Inmaculada, Colorado Campos, David, González Romero, Gema, Paneque Romero, Pilar, Pérez Sánchez, Begoña, and Puente Asuero, Raúl
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- 2000
173. Hyperandrogenism, Insulin Resistance and Hyperinsulinemia as Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Diabetes Mellitus
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Garcia-Romero, Gema, primary and Escobar-Morreale, Hector, additional
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- 2006
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174. GIAHS as an Instrument to Articulate the Landscape and Territorialized Agrifood Systems—The Example of La Axarquía (Malaga Province, Spain).
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Silva-Pérez, Rocío and González-Romero, Gema
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AGRICULTURAL development ,ECONOMIC development ,AGRICULTURAL economics ,AGRICULTURAL technology - Abstract
The theoretical literature makes a connection between the notions of landscape and territorialised agrifood systems, but these connections are rarely specified or explained. Their consideration in development proposals requires the relationship between the two and their magnitude to be made explicit. This article enquires into this and explores its programmatic forecasts from both the theoretical and empirical perspectives. An epistemological and regulatory review points to the FAO Globally Important Agriculture Heritage System (GIAHS) programme as the instrument that articulates the logic of landscape and territorialised agrifood in marginal rural areas. The empirical part of the study focuses on the dried grape (raisin) agrifood system in Axarquía (Malaga province, Spain) GIAHS since 2018. Territorial recognition and semi-structured interviews have enabled a deep study of the praxis of these connections. Axarquía is seen to be an excellent laboratory of the synergies between territorialised agrifood system synergies and landscapes. GIAHS is substantiated as a virtual instrument that can contribute to agriculture-based territorial development. It acts as a stimulus to development and combines forces through territorial governance processes. It highlights the value of agriculture as a cornerstone of development, examines agricultural functionalities in detail, and gives meaning to agricultural landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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175. Effect of Vacuum Level and Pulsation Parameters on Milking Efficiency and Animal Welfare of Murciano-Granadina Goats Milked in Mid-Line and Low-Line Milking Machines.
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Romero, Gema, Bueso-Ródenas, Joel, Alejandro, Manuel, Moya, Francisco, and Díaz, José Ramón
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MILKING machines , *GOATS , *ANIMAL welfare , *GOAT breeds , *MAGIC squares , *GOAT milk - Abstract
Simple Summary: In recent years, several studies have been carried out to optimize milking efficiency in Murciano-Granadina goats, but to our knowledge there are no experiments combining different milking parameters (system vacuum, pulsation rate and pulsator ratio) in two different height level milking machines. In two short experiments, testing different combinations of the parameters mentioned, milk fractioning, milking efficiency, teat end status and animal welfare were analyzed. Results showed that the height of the milking machine pipes can have an influence on which parameters are most optimal for milking efficiency and animal welfare in the milking of Murciano-Granadina goats. The Murciano-Granadina goat breed has been described as a slow milking breed. As milking machine parameters can affect milk extraction in terms of yield and time employed, two experiments of one-month duration were performed with 88 goats in Latin square design to find the best combination of these parameters. One of them was carried out in a mid-line milking machine and one in a low-line milking machine. For each of them, two vacuum levels (36 and 40 kPa), two pulsation rates (90 and 120 cycles/min) and two pulsator ratios (50 and 60%) were used and milking efficiency, sanitary status of the mammary gland, milk cortisol, and teat end status were evaluated. Results showed that in milking machines installed in mid- and low-line, the use of 40 kPa system vacuum, 60% pulsator ratio and 90 or 120 cycles/min pulsation rate achieved optimum milking fractioning and efficiency. In the case of low-level milking machines, a similar combination with 36 kPa not only showed worse milking fractioning values, but also provided better values of teat end status and cortisol level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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176. Effect of the Short-Term Incorporation of Different Proportions of Ensiled Artichoke By-Product on Milk Parameters and Health Status of Dairy Goats.
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Monllor, Paula, Muelas, Raquel, Roca, Amparo, Bueso-Ródenas, Joel, Atzori, Alberto Stanislao, Sendra, Esther, Romero, Gema, and Díaz, José Ramón
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GOATS ,GOAT milk ,LIVESTOCK productivity ,ANIMAL feeds ,AGRICULTURAL wastes ,ARTICHOKES - Abstract
The use of local agricultural by-products for animal feed is an alternative that reduces livestock production costs and allows food production of greater environmental sustainability. The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of the inclusion in the dairy goat ration of artichoke by-product silage (ABS) at three levels (25%, 40% and 60%, on a dry matter basis) on the milk yield, composition and quality, and on the metabolic profile of dairy goats. Thirty-six Murciano-Granadina dairy goats in mid-lactation were divided into four groups with homogeneous characteristics. Each group was assigned a diet: a control treatment (C) that consisted of a conventional diet of alfalfa hay and concentrate, and three other treatments that included 25, 40 and 60% ABS: ABS25, ABS40 and ABS60. Small differences were observed in the milk yield and quality and the health status of the animals. Only ABS60 presented a slightly lower milk yield (−20% compared to control group), without relevant differences in the milk composition and mineral profile. Regarding the lipid profile, ABS40 was the treatment with the best milk quality, due to a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (4.37%) and lower atherogenicity (1.90) and thrombogenicity indices (3.05), without differences from C. It was concluded that the maximum inclusion level of ABS in dairy goats' diet should be equal to 40%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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177. Pointing Out Some Issues Regarding Reproduction Management in Murciano-Granadina Goats.
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Fernández, Nemesio, Beltrán, M. Carmen, Romero, Gema, Roca, M. Amparo, Rodríguez, Martín, and Balasch, Sebastián
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LACTATION ,GOAT breeds ,GOATS ,GOAT milk ,MILK yield ,GOAT farming - Abstract
Simple Summary: The hypothesis of this experiment proposes that it could be possible to identify pregnant goats through maximum progesterone milk levels at any time in the pregnancy, and that there is an optimal moment to apply a lactation inhibitor to dry off lactating goats. The maximum progesterone concentration in milk varied depending on the season of the year, and those concentrations were similar for pregnant and non-pregnant goats, but significantly higher in the case of gestating goats with four foetuses, for which it would be possible to distinguish the pregnancy. The milk yield of goats at mating does not affect fertility until a value of at least 3250 mL/day. If using lactation inhibitors, their application up to the 10th week post-mating would be optimal for drying off lactating goats. Two of the most important problems in high-yielding dairy goat farms are early and accurate pregnancy diagnosis and the appropriate dry off of lactating does before the next kidding. The hypothesis posits that it could be possible to identify pregnant does through maximum progesterone milk levels at any time during the pregnancy, and that there is an optimal time to apply a lactation inhibitor to help dry off lactating does. Therefore, 114 Murciano-Granadina breed goats were used, from which 74 goats were inseminated at week 20 of lactation and samples of milk from pregnant and non-pregnant goats were taken at two-week intervals. The average maximum progesterone milk levels were higher outside the natural breeding season (40° latitude) than in the breeding season (11.6 ± 1.13 vs. 8.6 ± 1.02 ng/mL), although the levels from pregnant and non-pregnant goats were similar (10.85 ± 1.3 vs. 9.74 ± 1.6 ng/mL), except in the case of pregnancy with four foetuses (12.5 ± 1.3 ng/mL). Milk yield at mating does not affect fertility until a value of at least 3250 mL/day. Pregnancy started to affect milk yield up to the +7th week and was 59.9% lower in the +10th week after mating, so the use of lactation inhibitors could be more effective from this latter week. In conclusion, the results show that it is not possible to detect gestation in goats reliably through the maximum concentration of progesterone in milk at any time during lactation, except in the case of goats gestating four foetuses, that the milk yield of goats at mating does not affect fertility until a value of at least 3250 mL/day, and that from the 10th week post-mating, the application of lactation inhibitors would be optimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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178. Long-Term Feeding of Dairy Goats with Broccoli By-Product and Artichoke Silages: Milk Yield, Quality and Composition.
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Monllor, Paula, Muelas, Raquel, Roca, Amparo, Atzori, Alberto S., Díaz, José Ramón, Sendra, Esther, and Romero, Gema
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GOATS ,MILK yield ,SILAGE ,ARTICHOKES ,WASTE products ,BROCCOLI - Abstract
Simple Summary: In the Mediterranean region, artichoke and broccoli are major crops with a high number of by-products that can be used as alternative feedstuffs for ruminants, lowering feed costs and enhancing milk sustainability while reducing the environmental impact of dairy production. However, the nutritional quality of milk needs to be assured under these production conditions. A 40% inclusion of these silage by-products has proven to be a good short-term option (1 month). Therefore, it is interesting to study the effect of feeding animals with these by-products for a longer time, such as full lactation (6 months). With this type of feeding, the performance of the animals fed with the artichoke plant silage was similar to that of those fed with a conventional diet (alfalfa and cereals), even improving the milk quality from the point of view of bioactive compounds. However, the performance of goats fed with broccoli by-product silage in high amounts worsened due to a low intake of the diet containing that by-product. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce its level of inclusion. The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of a 40% inclusion of broccoli by-product (BB) and artichoke plant (AP) silages in dairy goat diets on the milk yield, composition and animal health status during a full lactation. Feed consumption was lower in AP and BB animals due to their composition and higher moisture content, and BB animals showed a significant reduction in body weight. Milk from the BB treatment had the highest fat content, total solids and useful dry matter content (5.02, 13.9 and 8.39%, respectively). The Se level was slightly lower in AP and BB animals; however, the milk of these treatments was the lowest in Na and, in the case of BB animals, the richest in Ca (1267 mg/kg). Control and AP milk showed a similar fatty acid profile, although AP had a more beneficial aptitude for human health (lower ratio of n6/n3, 12.5). Plasma components, as metabolic parameters, were adequate for goats. It was concluded that a 40% inclusion of AP is an adequate solution to reduce the cost of feeding without harming the animals' health or performance and to improve the nutritional milk quality. It is necessary to lower the BB level of inclusion to increase feed consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
179. Effects of machine milking on udder health in dairy ewes.
- Author
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Romero, Gema, Peris, Cristòfol, Fthenakis, George C., and Diaz, José Ramón
- Subjects
- *
MILKING machines , *BOVINE mastitis , *EWES , *FARM management , *MAMMARY glands , *AIRLINE industry - Abstract
• Milking machine settings that increase vacuum fluctuations under the teat must be avoided to reduce the intramammary infection risk. • Although a high milk pipeline causes higher vacuum fluctuations at teat level, no relation with bulk milk SCC have been found. • Milking machine settings that increase teat thickness would reduce the local defence mechanisms and should be avoided. • Post-milking teat disinfection, milking animals with intramammary infections last, and avoiding over-milking for longer than 2 min can affect mammary gland health status by reducing the incidence risk of mastitis. The aim of this article is to review factors associated with machine milking that would increase mastitis incidence risk and the effects of milking machine, milking management and routine in sheep. Machine milking settings that increase vacuum fluctuations under the teat or teat thickness and help to disseminate infectious agents would increase the risk of intramammary infection. Vacuum fluctuations are caused by a low effective reserve, low air and milk line diameters, low milk tube diameters, sudden air leakages caused by high milking cluster weight, teatcup slippage, excessive liner mouthpiece diameter or inadequate machine stripping. The milk line height (low vs mid line) has no relation with SCC if the rest of the settings are adequate, although higher vacuum fluctuations have been recorded in high line. The settings that increase teat thickness include an excessively high vacuum level, lack of effective massage on the teat (high pulsation ratio), liners too soft, hard, narrow or old, and overmilking for longer than 2 min. Regarding milking management, the reduction of milking frequency to 1 milking per day has an effect on yield and SCC due to a concentration effect, and some milking practices such as post-milking teat disinfection or milking animals with intramammary infections last, despite the drawbacks in overall farm management (identification and separation of infected animals), can lower the risk of mastitis incidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
180. Long-Term Feeding of Dairy Goats with 40% Artichoke by-Product Silage Preserves Milk Yield, Nutritional Composition and Animal Health Status.
- Author
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Monllor, Paula, Zemzmi, Jihed, Muelas, Raquel, Roca, Amparo, Sendra, Esther, Romero, Gema, and Díaz, José Ramón
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- *
GOATS , *ANIMAL health , *LEGUMES , *GOAT milk , *SILAGE , *MILK yield , *FREE fatty acids , *ARTICHOKES , *CIRCULAR economy - Abstract
Simple Summary: The rational use of agriculture and agro-industrial by-products in ruminant nutrition contributes to greater respect for the environment in addition to a better final product quality. Artichoke crops are widespread in the Mediterranean region but mostly not properly valued. Previous studies carried out with artichoke by-product silage at 25, 40 and 60% inclusion in dairy goat feed for one month showed that 40% inclusion would be a good option without any harm to milk yield and composition or animal health status. Therefore, it is worth studying the effect of feeding animals with 40% artichoke by-product silage during a full lactation period. No negative effects were observed on animal performances and productivity, allowing us to reduce agroindustry wastes and offering a long-term preserved by-product that promotes a sustainable circular economy and the production of animal products with high nutritional value, like goat milk. The aim of this work is to study the effect of 40% inclusion of artichoke by-product silage (AB) in dairy goat diets on milk yield, composition and animal health status during a full lactation period compared to an isoenergetic and isoproteic mixed ration based on alfalfa hay and a cereal and legume mixture. Milk yield was not affected by the dietary treatments, and neither was body weight. AB treatment reduced whey protein (0.38 vs. 0.42%, p < 0.05) and milk urea concentrations (687 vs. 773 mg/L, respectively, p < 0.001), and did not affect total true protein (3.22 vs. 3.24% p > 0.05) or other macro-composition variables. AB treatment showed higher milk concentrations of Ca (p < 0.05), Mn (p < 0.01), Cu (p < 0.01) and Zn (p < 0.001) compared to the control group (C). Slight differences were observed in milk fatty acid profile without any negative effects (p > 0.05) on the blood cholesterol and glucose of goats. The AB group reduced blood urea due to its high dietary total phenol content. However, it had a positive effect on β-hydroxybutyrate (p < 0.05) and nonesterified fatty acids (p > 0.05). It was concluded that 40% artichoke by-product inclusion in dairy goat feed for the whole lactation period (23 weeks) is a sustainable solution, reducing feeding cost by 12.5% per kg of dry matter, contributing to a better circular economy without any negative repercussions on the productivity and health of Murciano–Granadina dairy goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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181. Effect of the Onset of Intramammary Infection on the Electrical Conductivity of Ewe's Milk and Study of Various Algorithms for Its On-Line Detection.
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Roca, Amparo, Muelas, Raquel, Alejandro, Manuel, Romero, Gema, and Díaz, José Ramón
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- *
SHEEP milk , *ELECTRIC conductivity , *MILK quality , *SHEEP ranches , *ALGORITHMS , *MILK yield , *DAIRY farms , *DAIRY farm management - Abstract
Simple Summary: This article studies the effect of the onset of intramammary infection (IMI) in dairy sheep on milk production, electrical conductivity (EC), SCC and milk quality, together with other physiological variation factors. In addition, it analyses the performance of different algorithms that use the variable EC of gland milk (a variable that can be automated in the milking parlour) for economic and early detection of IMI. The onset of IMI was found to cause an increase in SCC and a significant drop in production, more pronounced in bilaterally than unilaterally infected ewes, while EC was significantly higher when infection occurred bilaterally. The best algorithm for IMI detection using EC achieved 50% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the onset of intramammary infection (IMI) on the electrical conductivity (EC) of ewe milk and assess the detection capability of various algorithms based on daily glandular milk EC measurement. An experiment was carried out with 26 Manchega sheep located at the farm of the Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain. The variables in milk from the gland (production, EC) were monitored daily for 2 weeks during the morning and evening milking; once infection was established in the gland, the variables were measured for a further 4 weeks. In addition, the SCC, sodium, potassium, chloride and milk macro-compositions were analysed. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values for IMI detection of different algorithms were calculated using the EC variable. It was observed that the onset of IMI resulted in an increase in SCC and a significant decrease in yield, and EC rose significantly when infection occurred bilaterally. The best results for IMI detection were obtained with the algorithm that detected deviations greater than 3σ of the conductivity ratio between collateral glands with respect to a moving average calculated with a time horizon of 10 days (50% sensitivity and 100% specificity). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
182. Effects of automatic prestimulation in the milking of Manchega sheep.
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Bueso–Ródenas, Joel, Alejandro, Manuel, Romero, Gema, Roca, Amparo, and Ramón Díaz, José
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- *
LACTATION , *SHEEP milk , *MILKING machines , *COMPOSITION of milk , *MAGIC squares , *MILK yield , *SHEEP breeds , *SHEEP - Abstract
• Mechanical stimulation during sheep milking entails a worsening of the milk flow rate values. • Mechanical stimulation during sheep milking has not shown benefits in milking fractioning. • In sheep, when pulsators are set up at 300 cycles /min, the opening of milking liners opening is incomplete. Milking machine manufacturers have developed new lines of pulsators with the option of practicing automatic stimulation of the teats. The aim of this study was to test the effect of previous automatic stimulation on Manchega sheep milking fractioning, milking duration and milk flows, teat-end status and vacuum levels at the short milk and pulsation tubes. Two similar groups of sheep were employed in one experiment in Latin square design. One group was milked with a mechanical prestimulation of 300 cycles/min during a 20 s period and the other group was milked without prestimulation. Results showed that prestimulation presented lower average milk flow (kg/min) values (0.73 ± 0.03 vs 0.66 ± 0.03; p < 0.01) during the stimulation and in the main milking phase (0.74 ± 0.03 vs 0.65 ± 0.03; p < 0.01), with no consequences in the variables related to milking fractioning or teat-end status. Additional long-term studies are needed to evaluate the effect of previous automatic stimulation on milk yield during lactation, chemical composition of the milk and health status of the udder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
183. Preference study of four alternative silage fodders from the Mediterranean region in Murciano-Granadina goats.
- Author
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Monllor, Paula, Sandoval-Castro, Carlos A., Ayala-Burgos, Armín J., Roca, Amparo, Romero, Gema, and Díaz, José Ramón
- Subjects
- *
SILAGE , *BROCCOLI , *ANIMAL feeds , *ARTICHOKES , *PHRAGMITES australis , *GOATS , *COLE crops - Abstract
• The silage quality of Mediterranean by-products and their preference were assessed. • Goats showed a clear preference for ensiled artichoke bracts. • Silages with a good level of lactate are well accepted by goats. • Silages with high butyrate and NDF contents are poorly accepted. • Goat short-term preference is a good indicator of silage quality. In Mediterranean countries, large quantities of by-products are generated from artichoke and broccoli crops, as well as large masses of common reed due to the cleaning of riverbeds. They have traditionally been applied directly in animal feed, especially for small ruminants, without undergoing any preservation process. Their inclusion in diets would allow three benefits: feeding animals with materials containing high nutrient contents all year round (not only in the crop season) in a well-balanced ration, lowering the feeding costs and reducing the amount of residues and their elimination cost for producers. Through the silage process, these feedstuffs can be preserved to ensure year-round availability. The aim of this short-term preference trial was to evaluate the goats' preference among four different ensiled feedstuffs and to study the relationship between animal preference and the silage composition. The four alternative silage-feedstuffs were offered to four nulliparous Murciano-Granadina goats (34.9 ± 1.9 kg) in a multiple square or cafeteria design. The feedstuffs tested were artichoke bracts (Cynara scolymus), artichoke plant, a 50:50 mixture of broccoli by-product (Brassica oleracea , var. Italica) and artichoke bracts, and common reed (Phragmites australis). To determine preference, data were collected on feed intake and the time each animal spent eating each feedstuff for four hours each day. Macrocomposition and some functional and chemical characteristic silages were analysed. The relation between DM intake and chemical composition of the tested feedstuffs was determined using correlation and regression analyses. The artichoke bracts silage presented the highest cumulative intake at 4 h (3.26 g DM/kg BW); being different from artichoke plant silage (2.17 g DM/kg BW), the second most consumed. Broccoli + artichoke and common reed silage intake was significantly lower than those of the other two feeds (0.36 and 0.67 g DM/kg BW, respectively). The strongest correlations between DM intake after 4 h (g of DM) and the nutritional and chemical characteristics of the silages were found with digestible energy (r = 0.60, P < 0.001), lactic acid (r = 0.56, P < 0.001) and lignin (r = -0.54, P < 0.001). The relation was described by a best fit equation of the formula DM intake = -207.45 + 31.94 * lactic acid + 11.76 * CP (R2 = 0.48, P < 0.001). Goats showed a clear preference for ensiled artichoke bracts, followed by artichoke plant silage, with the broccoli + artichoke and common reed silages being less accepted. The feedstuff composition, especially lactic acid and crude protein contents, affects preference. Since no feedstuff was rejected in its entirety by animals and previous results ensured a good quality of these silages, the four feedstuffs had the potential for incorporation into goat diet, due to their nutritional characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
184. Inovação, território e cooperação : um novo panorama da geografia econômica do Rio Grande do Sul
- Author
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Tartaruga, Ivan Gerardo Peyre, Heidrich, Álvaro Luiz, and Romero, Gema González
- Subjects
Rio Grande do Sul ,Cooperation ,Geografia urbana ,Economic geography ,Proximity ,Políticas de inovação ,Geografia econômica ,Territory ,Innovation ,Parques tecnológicos - Abstract
As inovações, como aquelas invenções comercialmente viáveis, são processos fundamentais para o desenvolvimento econômico e social de regiões e de países. Em especial, a produção dessas inovações depende do território onde se pretende realizá-la, este considerado como o espaço onde se dão as relações sociais que promovem a aprendizagem e a cooperação voltadas à geração de novidades nas atividades produtivas. Este estudo se propôs a analisar os aspectos territoriais relacionados à produção de inovações no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, situado na porção mais meridional do Brasil, nos últimos 20 anos. Nesse contexto, o objetivo principal desta tese é apontar os recursos e as potencialidades da região no sentido do desenvolvimento socioeconômico com base nas inovações e a partir de referenciais teórico-metodológicos da Geografia e, em particular, da Geografia Econômica. Para tanto, foram analisadas informações referentes aos recursos para inovar, ao esforço inovador, aos resultados das inovações e à estrutura das instituições de Ensino Superior no estado gaúcho. Com isso, foi possível estabelecer a distribuição espacial do potencial de inovar no estado, por meio da elaboração de um indicador territorial, e, relacionada a essa dispersão, identificar a rede das cidades mais propensas às atividades de inovação. Além disso, foram estudadas as experiências dos parques científicos e tecnológicos gaúchos e as políticas públicas vinculadas, com um especial olhar no papel da proximidade geográfica entre os atores envolvidos em prol da cooperação. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram as universidades e os respectivos espaços urbanos como importantes agentes para a promoção das inovações no tecido produtivo, juntamente, com os parques de C&T existentes e em implantação no território gaúcho. Com base no estudo foram, também, apresentadas algumas propostas de ações voltadas aos processos de inovação. Innovations, as those commercially viable inventions, are fundamental processes to the economic and social development of regions and countries. The production of these innovations especially depends on the territory where we intend to carry it out. Such area is considered as the space where the social relations that promote learning and cooperation towards the generation of innovations in productive activities take place. The aim of this study is to analyze the spatial aspects related to the production of innovations in the last 20 years in the southernmost state in Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul. In this context, the main objective of this thesis is to show the resources and potential of the region towards the socioeconomic development based on innovations and from theoretical and methodological approaches of Geography and, in particular, Economic Geography. Therefore, information was analyzed regarding the resources to innovate, the innovative effort, the results of innovation and the structure of higher education institutions in the Gaucho state. Thus, it was possible to establish the spatial distribution of the potential for innovation in the state, through the development of a territorial display, and, related to this dispersion, identify the network of cities more likely to innovation activities. Moreover, the experiences of scientific and technological Gaucho parks and related public policies, with a special emphasis on the role of the geographical proximity between the actors involved, which fosters cooperation, were studied. The survey results indicated the universities and their urban spaces as important agents for the promotion of innovation in the productive fabric, along with the existing science and technology parks and the underway parks in the state territory. Based on the study were also presented some action proposals to innovation processes.
- Published
- 2014
185. Optimal Parameters to Milk Murciano-Granadina Goats in Mid and Low-Line Milking Parlours.
- Author
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Bueso-Ródenas J, Romero G, Roca A, Moya F, Alejandro M, and Díaz JR
- Abstract
Recent short-term studies on Murciano-Granadina goats have established that the optimal parameters to set up the milking machines are different according to the milk pipes height. Two groups of 52 fresh goats each were employed in 2 different experiments to confirm during an entire lactation period the best combinations of system vacuum pulsation rate and pulsator ratio in low-line and mid-line milking parlours. The experiment performed in the low-line milking parlour included one group milked with 40 KPa vacuum system level, 90 puls/min pulsation rate and 60/40 pulsation and a second group milked with 38 KPa vacuum system level, 90 puls/min pulsation rate and 60/40 pulsation ratio. The experiment carried out in mid-line included one group milked with 40 KPa vacuum system level, 90 puls/min pulsation rate and 60/40 pulsation ratio and a second group milked with 40 KPa vacuum system level, 120 puls/min pulsation rate and 60/40 pulsation ratio. Variables studied included milking efficiency, milk composition, cortisol, SCC and intramammary infections, teat-end oedema after milking and vacuum dynamics during milking. Considering the results of an entire lactation period, it was confirmed that when milking in mid-line, the combination of 40 KPa system vacuum, 90 cycles/min pulsation rate and 60/40 pulsator ratio showed optimal results of the above-mentioned variables. On the other hand, the use of 40 KPa in a low-line system increased the milk cortisol values (0.34 ± 0.1 vs. 0.44 ± 0.1 ng/mL) without any other advantage. Thus, the recommendation is to use a combination of 38 KPa system vacuum, 90 cycles/min pulsation rate and 60/40 pulsator ratio to enhance animal welfare.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
186. Quality and Functional Parameters of Fermented Milk Obtained from Goat Milk Fed with Broccoli and Artichoke Plant By-Products.
- Author
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Muelas R, Romero G, Díaz JR, Monllor P, Fernández-López J, Viuda-Martos M, Cano-Lamadrid M, and Sendra E
- Abstract
Large amount of vegetal by-products are generated during production and processing steps. Introducing silage from vegetable by-products into dairy goat feed would be of great interest from the point of view of reducing costs and supporting the circular economy. The aim of this research was to study the effect of 40% inclusion of silage broccoli by-products and artichoke plant by-products in the diet of Murciano-Granadina goats throughout the lactation to establish milk suitability for fermented milks production. The novelty of this study is the use of milk from goats fed for a long term with a high inclusion of silages from artichoke plant and broccoli by-products, being the first one on broccoli inclusion. Two starter cultures thermophilic (YO-MIXTM300), and, mesophilic (MA400) were used and fermented milks were analyzed at two storage times after fermentation. Fermentation enhances antioxidant properties of fermented milks from all diets (p < 0.05), especially when mesophilic starter cultures are used. The main findings are that long term inclusion of 40% silage from broccoli and artichoke plant by-products in balanced diets of dairy goats yields milk suitable for fermentation by yogurt and cheese cultures, the inclusion of broccoli silage enhances antioxidant properties (p < 0.05), and, the inclusion of plant artichoke enhances fatty acids health indexes (p < 0.05).
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
187. Effect of Vacuum Level and Pulsation Parameters on Milking Efficiency and Animal Welfare of Murciano-Granadina Goats Milked in Mid-Line and Low-Line Milking Machines.
- Author
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Romero G, Bueso-Ródenas J, Alejandro M, Moya F, and Díaz JR
- Abstract
The Murciano-Granadina goat breed has been described as a slow milking breed. As milking machine parameters can affect milk extraction in terms of yield and time employed, two experiments of one-month duration were performed with 88 goats in Latin square design to find the best combination of these parameters. One of them was carried out in a mid-line milking machine and one in a low-line milking machine. For each of them, two vacuum levels (36 and 40 kPa), two pulsation rates (90 and 120 cycles/min) and two pulsator ratios (50 and 60%) were used and milking efficiency, sanitary status of the mammary gland, milk cortisol, and teat end status were evaluated. Results showed that in milking machines installed in mid- and low-line, the use of 40 kPa system vacuum, 60% pulsator ratio and 90 or 120 cycles/min pulsation rate achieved optimum milking fractioning and efficiency. In the case of low-level milking machines, a similar combination with 36 kPa not only showed worse milking fractioning values, but also provided better values of teat end status and cortisol level.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
188. Pointing Out Some Issues Regarding Reproduction Management in Murciano-Granadina Goats.
- Author
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Fernández N, Beltrán MC, Romero G, Roca MA, Rodríguez M, and Balasch S
- Abstract
Two of the most important problems in high-yielding dairy goat farms are early and accurate pregnancy diagnosis and the appropriate dry off of lactating does before the next kidding. The hypothesis posits that it could be possible to identify pregnant does through maximum progesterone milk levels at any time during the pregnancy, and that there is an optimal time to apply a lactation inhibitor to help dry off lactating does. Therefore, 114 Murciano-Granadina breed goats were used, from which 74 goats were inseminated at week 20 of lactation and samples of milk from pregnant and non-pregnant goats were taken at two-week intervals. The average maximum progesterone milk levels were higher outside the natural breeding season (40° latitude) than in the breeding season (11.6 ± 1.13 vs. 8.6 ± 1.02 ng/mL), although the levels from pregnant and non-pregnant goats were similar (10.85 ± 1.3 vs. 9.74 ± 1.6 ng/mL), except in the case of pregnancy with four foetuses (12.5 ± 1.3 ng/mL). Milk yield at mating does not affect fertility until a value of at least 3250 mL/day. Pregnancy started to affect milk yield up to the +7th week and was 59.9% lower in the +10th week after mating, so the use of lactation inhibitors could be more effective from this latter week. In conclusion, the results show that it is not possible to detect gestation in goats reliably through the maximum concentration of progesterone in milk at any time during lactation, except in the case of goats gestating four foetuses, that the milk yield of goats at mating does not affect fertility until a value of at least 3250 mL/day, and that from the 10th week post-mating, the application of lactation inhibitors would be optimal.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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