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This text deals with convergence and divergence in relation to the formation of images of inhumanity in Slovak Roma settlements. Slovak media, social networks, and television reports often contain negative images emphasizing the Roma's backwardness, irrationality, superstition, and cruelty, and aiming to highlight their inhumanity. This approach has become prevalent even among official state authorities such as the police of the Slovak Republic, shaping the perception of the Roma as monsters. It represents a mobilization strategy that connects and disconnects various disciplinary apparatuses, forming concrete images of monsters. By examining moments of convergence and divergence, which mainly focus on the killing and consumption of canines, the text clarifies the social and material ordering that contributes to the particular arrangement of significance used by the Slovak media and other officials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hungarian Medical Journal / Orvosi Hetilap is the property of Akademiai Kiado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Roma communities across Europe still remain a neglected population group by way of the social and economic disadvantage that largely characterizes their lives. Roma communities continue to experience structural socioeconomic health inequalities on the grounds of their ethnic origin, alarmingly unveiling a pattern of systematic discrimination and ethnic marginalization. Without any doubt, such a highly worrying situation calls for States to incorporate Roma health rights within their law and policy agendas in a manner consistent with right to health requirements. Against this background, this paper seeks to identify an operational human rights framework for States as a driver for better informed policies and implementation as well as for Roma engagement in the deliberations about their life prospects. The paper argues that continuing, concerted, and proactive State engagement is required for effectively addressing the structural obstacles impeding Roma socioeconomic health rights realization and maximizing Roma opportunities for well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Social Sciences (IJSS) / Uluslararasi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of International Journal of Social Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the difficulties in social research has been to disentangle the effects of race/ethnicity from social class. In two experimental studies with samples of both students and general population (total N = 416), we analyzed the effect of social class, ethnicity and their interaction on prejudice and discrimination using experimental methods. Social class (High vs. Low) and ethnic group (Roma vs. Non-Roma) were manipulated through a cover story. Study 1 showed a main effect of social class, not of ethnicity, on prejudice and discrimination. In Study 2 the effect of social class was replicated, and the interaction effect was also significant for all dependent variables. Results show that negative effects of social class are higher among Roma than non-Roma. Pooled analyses corroborated these findings. Social class is a predictive factor, especially in interaction with ethnicity and should be considered for predicting and reducing prejudiced attitudes and intergroup behaviors fostering inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Librosdelacorte.es is the property of Instituto Universitario "La Corte en Europa" - IULCE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the central issues of our age is early school leaving. In this paper it was decided to analyze to what extent early school leaving involves the Roma, one of the most marginalized social groups. The basic hypothesis, which has been advanced in close connection with the field research, is that the perception of the representations of Roma families and teachers can be mediated through an integrated planning, based on public-private partnership entrusted to the institutions and to the organizations present and active in the area, in order to guarantee the maintenance of individual and collective differences and by promoting mutual understanding. The aim of the research is to observe whether the effects of an integrated planning, where Roma are an active part, are useful for deconstructing that stereotype which feeds on cultural essentialities to justify marginalization and early school leaving. The EU in its 2019 report confirmed that more Roma children participate in early childhood and primary education (53% in 2016, compared to 47% in 2011). On the other hand, there are fewer premature abandonments (68% in 2016, and 87% in 2011). The research showed that integrated planning between Roma and the school community already represents an action of social integration, capable of enhancing and recognizing differences, while generating a decrease in dropouts and greater social inclusion.

Este artículo revisa los estudios precedentes sobre la casa-hospital de San Nicolás, una de las estructuras asistenciales de la Corona de Aragón en Roma durante la Baja Edad Media. Gracias al empleo de pruebas documentales, corrige la localización tradicional de este inmueble, trasladándola de Corte Savella al «area cinciana». Además, describe la configuración del edificio, analiza su antigüedad y estudia las sucesivas restauraciones, hasta su adquisición por Virgilio Cenci en 1518.

Dieser Artikel behandelt die Wissensproduktion über nichtsesshafte Bevölkerungsgruppen wie Nachtmänner, Roma und Reisende in Dänemark zwischen 1800 und 1950. Hierbei wird die These eines dahingehenden dänischen Sonderweges vertreten, nicht nur im Vergleich zu Deutschland, sondern auch zu den skandinavischen Nachbarn. Dieser äußerte sich in einem unterentwickelten Interesse von Wissenschaft und Staat für entsprechende Gruppen und mündete in einer Ablehnung eugenischer Zwangsmaßnahmen. Die Analyse dieses Sonderweges erfolgt anhand von Schlüsseltexten aus drei Perioden: einer nationalromantischen ab ca. 1800, einer durch den dänischen Gypsy Lorist Johan Miskow geprägten zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts und einer eugenischen ab 1938. Ein besonderes Interesse gilt hierbei Kontinuitäten und Brüchen in Narrativen von Reinheit vs. Vermischung. // This article analyses knowledge production about itinerant groups such as Nightmen, Roma and Travellers in Denmark between 1800 and 1950. It puts forward the thesis of a Danish Sonderweg in this regard, not only compared with Germany, but also the Scandinavian neighbours. This Sonderweg was characterized by an underdeveloped interest of science and state authorities for respective groups and culminated into a rejection of forced eugenic measures. The analysis is based on key texts from three periods: a national romantic one from approximately 1800 onwards, one shaped by the Danish Gypsy Lorist Johan Miskow at the beginning of the 20th century, and one eugenic from 1938. Special interest is given to continuities and fractions in narratives of purity vs. mixture.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected vulnerable populations like Roma patients in Western Romania due to marginalization and limited healthcare access. Methods: A retrospective study analyzed COVID-19 cases between March 2020 and August 2022 using data from the Directorate of Public Health in Timis county. Demographic, epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data were assessed, along with risk factors and biomarkers for ICU admission and mortality prediction. The following biomarkers were assessed: C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin (FER), IL-6, D-dimers, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and 25-OH vitamin D (25-OHD). Results: In comparison with the general population (GP), Roma patients were more overweight (p = 0.0292), came from rural areas (p = 0.0001), could not recall transmission source (p = 0.0215), were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU, p = 0.0399) more frequently, had worse symptomatology (p = 0.0490), showed more elevated levels of CRP (p = 0.0245) and IL-6 (p < 0.0001) and lower levels of HDL (p = 0.0008) and 25-OHD (p = 0.0299). A stronger, significant correlation was observed between CRP and severity (rho = 0.791 vs. 0.433 in GP), and an inverse stronger significant one was observed between HDL and severity (rho = −0.850 vs. −0.734 in GP) in the Roma patients. The male sex continues to be an important risk factor for ICU admission (OR = 2.379) and death (OR = 1.975), while heavy smoking was more important in relation to ICU admission (OR = 1.768). Although the Roma ethnicity was 1.454 times more at risk of ICU admission than the GP, this did not prove statistically significant (p = 0.0751). CRP was the most important predictive factor in regards to admission to the ICU for both Roma (OR = 1.381) and the GP (OR = 1.110) and in regards to death (OR = 1.154 for Roma, OR = 1.104 for GP). A protective effect of normal values of HDL and 25-OHD was observed in the GP for both ICU admission (OR = 0.947, 0.853, respectively) and death (OR = 0.920, 0.921, respectively), while for the Roma group, normal 25-OHD values were only considered protective in regards to death (OR = 0.703). Cutoff values for ICU admission were 28.98 mg/L for Roma and 29.03 mg/L for GP patients, with high specificity for both groups (over 95). Conclusions: Higher rates of ICU admissions, severe symptomatology, and distinct laboratory biomarker profiles among Roma patients emphasize the critical importance of personalized care strategies and targeted interventions to mitigate the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 on vulnerable communities. CRP values at admission have had a clear impact as a risk assessment biomarker for Roma patients, while the significance of IL-6, HDL, and 25-OHD should also not be overlooked in these patients.

L’articolo si interroga sul rapporto tra la Roma tardo cinquecentesca e la natura di un Oriente estremo, a partire dal caso dell’arrivo nella città di un esemplare femminile di un raro volatile, troppo rapidamente battezzato dal medico pontificio Michele Mercati Avis Japonica. In un primo tempo, la riflessione si concentra sulla presenza e il significato di questo uccello all’interno del mondo epistemologico e geopolitico che Mercati definisce dal Vaticano tra lo spazio di un museo e le pagine di un libro che portano entrambi il nome di Metallotheca. Quindi, seguendo le tracce di altri uccelli che presentavano caratteristiche identiche all’Avis detta Japonica tra le historiae, le rappresentazioni e le collezioni naturalistiche dell’Europa del tempo, l’analisi si sofferma sulle difficoltà e le implicazioni epistemologiche, simboliche e politiche che lo studio della natura di mondi lontani poteva assumere nella Roma dei papi.

A través de la presentación de ciertos objetos que aparecen en inventarios romanos de los siglos XVI y XVII y las trayectorias de ciertos mercaderes portugueses presentes en la ciudad en el mismo periodo, el artículo considera a estos como intermediarios culturales. Por medio de sus vínculos presuntos o reales con el mundo ibérico y sus extensos territorios y sus lazos con la burocracia de la Iglesia Católica o vínculos con el mundo de la Curia romana, estos individuos habrían sido los agentes naturales para hacer llegar objetos de una supuesta procedencia oriental llegar a la ciudad. El artículo también considera cuán problemática y ambigua es la designación de oriente y cómo sus múltiples significados en la época deben ser tomados en consideración a a la hora de atribuirla a los objetos.

La pieza objeto de este estudio procede del poblado de Cortalago (Llano de los Tesoros) en el distrito minero de Riotinto (Huelva), donde se están realizando intervenciones arqueológicas al amparo del nuevo proyecto minero de Atalaya Mining. Se descubrió en una fase de vivienda en el entorno de edificios públicos entre los que destacan el balineum y un espacio de representación de la familia imperial con estatuas. La inscripción puede relacionarse con un grupo de aestimatores vinculados a una de las figlinae de este coto minero.

Background: The over-representation of Roma children in segregated schools is well documented as a prevalent form of institutional racism in the Czech Republic. In the paper, we examine the inclination of parents to support school segregation. Objective: The paper looks at parents' preference for school segregation and explores its association to social dominance orientation, intergroup contacts, belief in traditional schooling and the absence of Roma children in school as proof of the school's good quality. The first hypothesis examines an association between parents' preference to withdraw their children from ethnically diverse schools and social dominance orientation (one's degree of preference for inequality among social groups). The second one tests the belief in traditional schooling as a factor contributing to a preference for ethnically motivated withdrawal. The third one studies the extent to which parents' preference to withdraw their children from ethnically diverse schools is affected by contact with Roma in their everyday life. The final hypothesis tests if parents who view Roma students as an indicator of poor education in a given school are more likely to oppose the presence of Roma students among their children's peers. Methods: Quantitative data collection was carried out on a sample of 1,803 respondents. The target group were families with at least one child of primary school age (6-14 years). A binary logistic regression analysis was implemented to assess these relationships. Results: The study confirmed that ethnically motivated school withdrawal is associated with social dominance orientation, belief in traditional school culture and education. On the other hand, the role of inter-group contact in a school environment was not proved. However, the final statistical model was rather weak explaining approximately 9% of variance in segregation endorsement. The model fit improved significantly when an additional variable -- absence of Roma as a sign of a good school -- was added. Approximately 15% of the variance in segregation endorsement was explained by the modified set of predictors. Conclusion: The study argues that ethnically motivated school withdrawal is a result of individual attitudes and situational factors. This means that researchers interested in informal school segregation will need to consider both groups of factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article assesses Will Kymlicka's targeted approach to cultural rights by focusing on the case of the Roma minority in Europe. In Multicultural Odysseys, Kymlicka praises the European management of Roma issues as a promising way to overcome the flaws of the generic approach to cultural rights that dominates European minority rights otherwise. The article intends to evaluate Kymlicka's statement in two ways : it combines an empirical study of the arguments that justify the institutional targeting of the Roma in the Council of Europe and a normative analysis about the specific type of transnational minority that these populations seem to form. The empirical part of the paper casts doubts on the assumption that cultural recognition matters primarily in the case of the Roma. The normative part of the paper argues that the concept of transnational minority gains more normative consistency when it is understood in terms of political mobilization against racial oppression than when it is justified in terms of cultural recognition. It concludes that Iris M. Young's "politics of difference" provides a fruitful normative approach to make sense of the Roma's claims of justice in Europe and that it is as such likely to refine and possibly complete the targeted to approach to multiculturalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Patients with adnexal masses suspicious for malignancy benefit from referral to oncology specialists during presurgical assessment of the mass. OVA1 is a multivariate assay using a five‐biomarker panel which offers high overall and early‐stage sensitivity. However, OVA1 has a high false‐positive rate for benign masses. Overa, a second‐generation multivariate index assay was developed to reduce the false‐positive rate. The aim of the present study was to use Overa as a reflex for OVA1 and increase specificity. Methods: OVA1 cut‐off scores were established to place patients into three categories: low, intermediate, and high cancer risk. Samples with intermediate‐risk OVA1 scores were reflexed to the Overa and defined as high or low risk. This protocol was tested with 1035 prospectively collected serum samples and validated with an independent prospectively collected sample set (N = 207). Results: Thirty‐five per cent (359) of samples had intermediate OVA1 scores. Reflexing these to Overa eliminated 58% of the false‐positives and improved the overall specificity from 50% to 72%. This finding was confirmed in the independent dataset, in which the specificity increased from 56% to 73%. Conclusions: Reflexing samples with intermediate OVA1 scores significantly decreases the false‐positive rate, thereby reducing unnecessary surgical referrals. Synopsis: Reflexing intermediate‐risk OVA1 scores to Overa reduces false‐positives without significant loss of sensitivity for ovarian cancer risk assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The EU and its Member States share responsibility for improving the living conditions and integration of the Roma into society. When developing systemic solutions to address the challenges of the Roma population, the first thing to do is to provide them with a suitable living environment. A suitable living environment for vulnerable social groups includes social housing adapted to their needs and preferences as part of the social infrastructure. In the first, theoretical part, this paper explores the existing international, EU, and Slovenian legal framework for addressing the housing needs of the Roma community. In the second, empirical part, the preferences of the members of the Roma Community regarding the type and architecture of housing, and their financial capacity regarding the type and location of accommodation are examined through a survey that was conducted in the Roma settlement "Kerinov Grm". The research paper gives answers to the following research questions: (1) what are the preferences of the inhabitants of Roma settlements regarding the type of housing and architecture? (2) how to provide adequate housing for members of the Roma community? and (3) do the Roma take advantage of the available free non-profit housing, and if not, why? The survey shows a very low level of satisfaction with living in Roma settlements, which, in combination with the growing population, limited possibilities for settlement expansion, and specific housing preferences, poses a unique challenge to the state and local communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of History Studies (13094688) is the property of History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The enunciated principle of two complementary elements from two different civilizations (harmonia oppositorum / yanantin) converges in Eielson's poetic and plastic work to create. In his work, the city of Rome serves as a platform center that enables him to rediscover cosmological ways of seeing that connect different levels. For this article, we use Habitacio'n en Roma, his articles from the 1950s, as well as statements made in the 1970s, 1980s, and in the 21st century. From the vestige, the creation of objects is replicated in his poetic and visual work and in his procedures with matter. Through this, it is possible to transform and be transformed after reaching moments of ultra-consciousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a high fertility context, research on the relationship between parental investment, unwanted births and child nutritional outcomes is limited. The implications may be especially relevant for children coming from the most disadvantaged backgrounds and at increased risk of nutritional deprivation. This study assessed the association between maternal investment, unwanted births disaggregated into mistimed and unwanted children, and child nutritional outcomes in a poor population of Serbian Roma. Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys rounds 5 and 6 data for Serbian Roma settlements were used to account for the association between two measures of maternal investment: weight at birth and parity, and mistimed and unwanted children, and children height-for-age z-score (HAZ), weight-for-age z score (WAZ) and weight-for- height z-score (WHZ). The sample included 130 children aged 0-24 months. The child variables were age, gender, and birth order, while maternal independent variables included age, literacy and access to improved toilet facility as proxies for socioeconomic status. Children born with low birth weight (lower maternal investment in utero) face a significant deficit in terms of their nutritional outcomes, measured by HAZ and WAZ. The effect was aggravated for height if the child was unwanted while there was a positive relationship between access to improved toilet facility and WHZ. Unwanted children were of higher birth order, with older, higher parity mothers than mistimed children. Many of the Roma children may be at risk of undernutrition, however, Roma children who received lower maternal investment in utero, unwanted and living in poorest households may face additional risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a unique database from Hungarian primary schools, this study investigates whether academic self-assessment and educational aspirations differ between Roma minority and non-Roma majority students with similar cognitive skills and abilities. I find that Roma students have lower self-assessment, on average, than their non-Roma classmates with similar competences. In addition, although there are no ethnic differences in educational aspirations two years before secondary school application, Roma students are less likely to actually apply to a secondary school track that provides the possibility to enter tertiary education. Roma students' lower socioeconomic status can partly explain these differences. The analysis also shows that students' self-assessment is more strongly related to teacher-given grades than to blind standardised test scores. The study highlights important mechanisms that can contribute to educational inequalities between minority and majority students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the general problematics of reformulating the concepts of “discourse” and “narrative” and treating cinematic products as textual objects, with incursions into the 21st century cinema as a realist-expositional medium of the social problems of the Other, the present paper aims, by contextualizing the film Aferim! (2015) by Radu Jude, to analyze the relationship between language, language and race, racialization, and representation. In short, it aims to analyze the position of linguistic racism in the admitted “realistic” and artistic presentation of the process of marginalization. Such academic analyses have become present internationally, especially with the development of the linguistic dimension of postcolonial studies and the emergence and expansion of the concept of political correctness and/or cultural sensitivity in the contemporary socio-cultural discourse, especially in direct relation to language, language, and visual media of artistic transposition. We must be remembered, however, that Roma people occupy a marginal place even in postcolonial analysis of otherness. In the Romanian space, with a strong intertextual character, Aferim! occupies a privileged place precisely because of the primacy given to the theme: the Roma slavery in the 19th century Wallachia, during the year 1853, which is a key-year, considering that the formal abolition of slavery took place only three years later, in 1856, in Wallachia. Intentionally subversive, Jude takes the historical form of the popular films from the communist period and turns it against itself, while also adding the American-inspired aesthetic of Westerns. The multiplicity of perspectives is present, but the „intimacy” belongs to the white, oppressive characters, putting the viewer in an uncomfortable position that belongs to them historically. Following the results of the quantitative study of the present work, where the most often used word is „cocoane” [lord] in all its declined versions, Aferim! is thus a film about power dynamics, a dynamic in which the Roma are the Other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Araucaria is the property of Araucaria-Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofia, Politica y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The problem of this research stems from the fact that in Bihor County there are 75 localities that have one or more thermal water wells, of which only 8 locations can provide balneological treatment. The purpose of the research is to evaluate whether the geothermal potential of the region would be sustainable for the development of balneology in other localities as well. In order to meet the above-mentioned requirement, an interdisciplinary methodology was necessary, starting from geophysics and geology, including hydrogeology, chemistry, physics and ending with elements of tourism and balneological potential. The research methods refer to field work, the inventory of all locations that have geothermal resources, the creation of a database, the analysis of the stability and continuity over time of the source of thermalism, the analysis of the stability and time continuity of those physical-chemical properties that are suitable for balneology. In conclusion, out of the 67 locations that still cannot provide balneological treatment, only 20 could fulfil the sustainability criteria and are able to diversify the exploitation of thermal waters. There are 47 other locations that have unexploited boreholes, but despite this, we have come to the conclusion that balneology and tourism based on geothermal waters in Bihor County has a sustainable future in dozens of localities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of TÜBA-AR: Turkish Academy of Sciences, Journal of Archaeology is the property of Turkish Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study focuses on the detection, analysis and interpretation of the phenomenon of the use of Romani music in twenty-one or, more precisely, twenty Czech films made after 1989. Many of these films have been distributed abroad and presented at foreign film festivals. The research is grounded in a broader contextual characterisation of the emancipation of Romaniness and its concrete manifestations in science and culture in the Czech Republic in the period under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gerion: Revista de Historia Antigua is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanitas: Revista de Estudos Greco-Latinas is the property of Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lusitania Sacra is the property of Universidade Catolica Portuguesa, Centro de Estudos de Historia Religiosa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper concerns the process of research with the Wroclaw-based Romanian Roma community at its centre. This community can be depicted as radically marginalised as a result of an interplay of various factors. Additionally, the members of this community are exposed to the fallout from cultural prejudice against Roma, which is deeply entrenched in (not only) Polish society. Doing research focused on Roma communities, researchers are bound to interrogate the objectivity of science, the degree of their own commitment and above all their attitude to the group with whom they conduct/co-conduct the research process. In reflecting on my own practice as a researcher, I look to both present the dilemmas involved and some applicable solutions that can bring us closer to being allies in research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Res Historica is the property of Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bibliothecae.it is the property of University of Bologna and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nursing Perspectives / Ošetřovatelské Perspektivy is the property of Silesian University in Opava, Faculty of Public Policies in Opava and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Many participants from GRT communities felt coerced into COVID-19 vaccinations. • Healthcare staff inadequately addressed or even dismissed vaccine concerns. • Vaccination decisions were affected by prior discrimination and barriers to care. • The standard 'vaccine hesitancy' model is of limited use in this situation. • Health services for GRT communities need to improve their overall trustworthiness. Many people refuse vaccination and it is important to understand why. Here we explore the experiences of individuals from Gypsy, Roma, and Traveller groups in England to understand how and why they decided to take up or to avoid COVID-19 vaccinations. We used a participatory, qualitative design, including wide consultations, in-depth interviews with 45 individuals from Gypsy, Roma, and Traveller, communities (32 female, 13 male), dialogue sessions, and observations, in five locations across England between October 2021 and February 2022. Vaccination decisions overall were affected by distrust of health services and government, which stemmed from prior discrimination and barriers to healthcare which persisted or worsened during the pandemic. We found the situation was not adequately characterised by the standard concept of "vaccine hesitancy". Most participants had received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose, usually motivated by concerns for their own and others' health. However, many participants felt coerced into vaccination by medical professionals, employers, and government messaging. Some worried about vaccine safety, for example possible impacts on fertility. Their concerns were inadequately addressed or even dismissed by healthcare staff. A standard "vaccine hesitancy" model is of limited use in understanding vaccine uptake in these populations, where authorities and health services have been experienced as untrustworthy in the past (with little improvement during the pandemic). Providing more information may improve vaccine uptake somewhat; however, improved trustworthiness of health services for GRT communities is essential to increase vaccine coverage. This paper reports on independent research commissioned and funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Policy Research Programme. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, the Department of Health and Social Care or its arm's length bodies, and other Government Departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thanks to the welfare policy adopted by the good emperors who came to power at the end of the first century of Rome, a state-centric social welfare programme was initiated. This programme called Alimentum, was first initiated by Emperor Nerva and developed by Trajan. With this programme an allowance was created to meet the basic needs of especially poor children of Italy. The purpose of initiating such an social welfare programme was to combat the declining population rate and poverty, and to increase agricultural productivity. The state provided the necessary allowances for the implementation of alimentum from the annual repayment interest of five percent of the loans given to the landlords. This voluntary philanthropy of the landlords also benefited themselves through low-interest loans. This voluntary philanthropy of the landlords benefited them through low-interest loans. An age limit has been set at which a certain number of boys and girls reach adulthood who benefiting from subsidies based on interest paid by landlords. A new child was taken to replace each child who reached the age limit and was supported financially. Thanks to the alimentum programme, on the one hand, agricultural vitality and production increased, on the other hand, child rearing was encouraged depending on the policy of increasing the population. The emperors turned the alimentum programme into a propaganda tool in order to ensure the trust of the people with the understanding of the social state. Along with the state-centric alimentum programme, wealthy individuals have personally donated a certain number of children to raise children. However, with the onset of the third century crisis, the practice began to lose its importance and was abandoned over time. The aim of this study is to explain the alimentum programme, conditions, method and to indicate the results of the programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial segregation of Roma population is a dynamic category that changes its characteristics over time. This paper investigates changes in indicators of spatial segregation of the Roma national minority in Međimurje, the northernmost county of the Republic of Croatia. The spatial analysis of Roma in the researched area, based on the last three consecutive population censuses, indicates changes in the Roma distribution patterns. Through the last two inter-census periods, spatial dispersion of the Roma population is noticeable as a beginning of more intensive spatial integration process. On the other hand, quantitative indicators point to the conclusion that spatial segregation as a phenomenon and fundamental feature of Roma population is increasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bu araştırma, erken donem Islam fetihlerine yol a؟an saikleri ve nedenleri açıklığa kavuşturmayı ve bunları daha ayrıntılı bir şekilde analiz etmeyi amaçlamakla- dır. Bu araştırmada tumevarımcı bir yaklaşım izlenmiş ve islam fetihlerinin gerçek ve asil sebepleri konusun- da araştırmacıların, ilgili tarihilerin ve oryantalistlerin değerlendirmeleri incelenmiştir. Çalışma, islam fetihle- riyle ilgili yorumların zaman, mekan ve ideolojilerden büyük ölçüde etkilendiğini açıkça göstermektedir. Bu durum, İranlı tarihçiler ve araştırmacılar arasmda Pers medeniyetini savunma eğiliminden de anlaşılmaktadır. Araştırmanın bir diğer bulgusu, islam fetihleri hakkında sunulan çeşitli yorumların, esasen bu konuda bilinen ve bilimsel olarak temelsiz olan iddiaların bir tekrarı oldu- gudur. islam fetihlerini daha doğru ve gerçekçi bir ze- minde yorumlamak İçin, bu fetihlerin gerçek nedenlerini ve gerekçelerini doğrulamak üzere daha derin çalışmalar yapılması ve bu konuda kabul gören tarihsel kmtların ve bilimsel temellerin gözden geçirilmesi gerekmektedir. Araştırmanın akademik katkısı, fetih bölgelerinin zorla İslâmlaştırdığı ve ekonomik saiklerle fetihlerin gerçek- leştirildigi iddialarının ilmi bir çerçevede yeniden ele alınması ve islam fetihlerinin temel ilkeleri konusundaki güncel düşüncelerin ortaya konması noktasında olacaktır. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greek and Roman mythology, which is its follower in many ways, show similar characteristics from the beginning. Roman mythology, which enriches it by taking the basic elements of Greek mythology and mythology, also reflects similarities in the deification of natural forces. It is seen that the forces that have always existed between the two cultures related to the sky from the beginning also have an important place in religion and mythology. Among these, the changes between the sun, the moon and the stars, and the day and night in the sky were regarded as related and sanctified. In particular, it is observed that the changes of the Olympian god lineage related to the sky were effective on people in different periods. This basic way of thinking has been reflected in the works of many artists as a source of inspiration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Obesity and other unhealthy behaviors are behind cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with the Roma population particularly at risk. The aim of our cross-sectional (questionnaire- and physical measurements based) study was to compare the prevalence of obesity in Hungarian, Romanian, and Slovakian Hungarian speaking Roma and non-Roma (N 5 1893) in relation to lifestyle-related risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In the total sample, the proportion of extreme obesity was higher in Roma (P < 0.001) than non-Roma. The mean waist circumference was the highest in Hungary (P < 0.001). Visceral fat was higher in the Hungarian Roma sample than in the Slovak (P 5 0.006) or Romanian Roma samples (P 5 0.005). Hungarian Roma total cholesterol levels were lower than in the Slovak (P < 0.001) or Romanian samples (P < 0.001). Hypertension and cholesterol levels were associated with a higher risk among non-Roma men (P < 0.001), and the presence of smoking increased CVD risk among both men (P 5 0.024) and women (P < 0.001) in the Roma minority. The combined presence of several risk factors was found mainly in Roma. Overall, Roma scores were found to be worse, but ethnicity did not provide clear evidence for the questions examined, but rather the level of education, which is associated with socioeconomic status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CEDRUS is the property of Mediterranean Civilisations Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Genel anlamda Eskiçağın sonları ve Ortaçağların başları şeklinde ifade edilen Geç Antikçağ için farklı yaklaşımlar söz konusudur. Geç Antikçağ olarak ifade edilen dönemin sınırları tam olarak ortaya konulamamıştır. Bu dönemin sınırlarıyla ilgili fikir yürüten bilim insanlarından bazıları Geç Antikçağı bin yıllık bir zaman dilimine yerleştirme eğilimindedirler. Batılı tarihçiler bu dönemin mekânsal ve zamansal sınırlarını Roma ve Doğu Roma tarihini eksen alarak belirlemeye çalışırlar. Bu dönemin sınırlarını tespit ederken, onun Eskiçağlardan ve Ortaçağlardan farklı olan belirgin özelliklerini ortaya koymak ve bu şekilde bir sınır belirlemek daha yerinde olacaktır. Bu dönemin kendisinden önceki veya sonraki dönemlerden farklı olduğu birçok gelişme bulunmaktadır. Geç Antikçağ eski dünya ile yenidünya arasında bir geçiş dönemidir. Bu dönem günümüz Avrupa’sının siyasi haritasının ortaya çıktığı, doğu-batı sınırının belirgin hale geldiği ve günümüz dünyasının dini yapılarının temellerinin atıldığı bir dönemdir. Geç Antikçağ Ön Asya çalışmaları bağlamında Roma ve Îrân varlığına bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan siyasi ve askeri gelişmeler dönemin sınırlarını belirlemede önemli bir yere sahiptir. Dolayısıyla Geç Antikçağın sınırlarını tespit ederken Ön Asya tarihini de göz önünde bulundurmak gerekir. Bu makale Ön Asya tarihi bağlamında bu dönemde ortaya çıkan önemli olaylardan hareketle Geç Antikçağın sınırları hakkında bir takım tespitler yapmayı amaçlamaktadır.

This article focuses on the notion of terrain applied to the field of studies dedicated to Roma and Voyageurs (Travellers) in history and anthropology. Starting from an observation on one of the many living places of Voyageurs in France, in this case known as “private terrain”, the author draws up a series of comparisons between works on various populations belonging to the Romani sphere and questions the various uses of the notion of terrain.

The object of research of this study is hate discourse within the context of the analytic interpretative network of inequality – privation – social vulnerability. Hate discourse is problematized sociologically through ethnomethodology as an unconventional approach in the study of social interactions. The research focus is on utterances marked by hate speech against Bulgarian Roma in the situation of COVID-19. The perspective this approach provides as to tracing the micro-techniques of organizing utterances gives us the possibility – now in the context of a sociology interested in the everyday ways of generating social inequality – to state the thesis that the pandemic ‘awakens’ repressed affectations related to socially inherited stereotypes and prejudices. In everyday relations, there is not only the invasion of the fear of the ethnically other, of her ‘unhygienic’ body that breaks the regulations, a body that the ‘healthy’ and ‘uncontaminated’ body passes by, but the object itself of fear is over-determined: it acts by constructing the other as a danger menacing life itself. Hence, the important questions: 1) how hate speech, having ‘contaminated’ everyday and institutional discourses, entails social actions of exclusion and stigmatization; 2) how a practical logic founded on conceiving the Roma solely through the prism of their privation of what is naturally proper to ‘us’ stands in the basis of their unequal treatment, putting them into a permanent situation of social vulnerability; most generally: how hate discourse ‘does things with words’.

The Natural History by Pliny the Elder, a Roman encyclopedia from the first century AD, devotes several volumes to medical material derived from animals. However, this organic pharmacopoeia is questioned by the author, who is not content to simply list remedies, but deploys various modes of validating or invalidating knowledge, which he selects and organizes according to his own particular interests. The argument of authority and Nature’s divine power go hand in hand with a respect for tradition in a valuation effect. Conversely, attributing knowledge to the “magi” serves to disqualify certain animal remedies, which are deemed to be ineffective, or even miraculous. The structure of the “cards” that Pliny devotes to certain animal species also allows us to observe that the lists of remedies build a gradation in sensitivity towards the ways in which the animal body is consumed.

Following the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing lockdowns, heightened anti-Roma rhetoric became noticeable across much of Europe. This article focuses on the narrative according to which Roma communities represented a threat to public health and which will be analysed through the lens of the theoretical work on moral panics. The empirical data used in this paper was obtained in the framework of a project investigating the impact of the pandemic on Roma communities in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Ukraine, between March–June 2020. Using the literature on moral panics as a framework of interpretation, this article aims to shed light on the processes leading to high levels of social consensus as to the threat to public health posed by Roma communities in these countries. To do so, it outlines the narratives disseminated in mass media, as well as the subsequent narratives and policy responses employed by public authorities, showing how the latter legitimised the alarming reports publicised by the former, engendering a strong societal response which conformed with the framework of a moral panic.

This article focuses on income loss and its knock-on effects experienced by Roma communities in seven non-EU states during the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent lockdown measures in the first half of 2020. Roma communities in Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Ukraine were all facing socio-economic exclusion and marginalisation before the COVID-19 pandemic, thus international organisations were warning very early on that Roma communities were at serious risk during lockdowns, including in the fields of employment or loss of income. This article uses primary data collected across the seven states from a survey of 440 Roma individuals and 53 in-depth interviews with Roma stakeholders, in order to add empirical evidence to an under-researched area. The main findings include that almost 73% of those surveyed experienced a reduced income, and the major reason for this was due to access to or demand for informal work which was hindered by the lockdowns. The knock-on effects of this included 32% of those surveyed declaring an inability to afford food and everyday essentials or to pay bills. Most Roma who needed to borrow money did so through private means (family and friends) rather than through official or state institutions. Finally, there was some geographic variance between the seven countries, with Roma communities in Albania and Ukraine faring worst.

This article positions the social violence against Roma in Eastern Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic in historical perspective. It is based on primary data derived from the project Marginality on the Margins of Europe – The Impact of COVID-19 on Roma Communities in Non-EU Countries in Eastern Europe, collected in 2020 by researchers in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Ukraine. This data is contextualised with the help of secondary literature on historical epidemics and pandemics, as well as societal responses to them, with a particular focus on the ensuing scapegoating of minorities in certain cases. The article first makes the case for the importance of historicising such responses to pandemics in different contexts as a safeguard against ‘exceptionalising’ either the ongoing pandemic or the Roma minority. Further, it argues against a reductionist perspective that treats the Roma primarily – or even exclusively – along the lines of their representing a ‘national minority’, a concept that is heavily tilted toward a cultural-linguistic definition of the group. In contrast, it posits that hate speech and racist incidents against the Roma in the context of the pandemic (and more generally) are better understood by factoring in the intersection of race and class, where the long-standing racialization of the Roma in Eastern Europe is inflected by the latter as much as the former. Finally, zooming out from the case study under consideration to consider other instances of ‘Othering’ encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic, it draws attention to the different scales at which exclusion operates, and to the advantages provided by an awareness of the multiple spatial and temporal layers constitutive of such a scalar approach.