Search

Background: The capacity to mitigate dementia symptomology despite the prevailing brain pathology has been attributed to cognitive reserve. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate how psychometric performance differs between individuals with a high school versus college education (surrogate measures for medium and high cognitive reserves) given the same level of brain pathology assessed using quantitative structural MRI. Methods: We used data from the Aging Brain: Vasculature, Ischemia, and Behavior Study (ABVIB). Cognition was assessed using a neuropsychological battery that included those contained in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) uniform data set. Participants with a medium and high cognitive reserve were matched by level of structural MRI changes, gender, and age. Results: Matched-pair regression analyses indicated that individuals with a higher education had a significantly better performance in recognition and verbal fluency animals, working memory, and processing speed in complex tasks. Moreover, they had a better performance in interference trails compared to individuals with a high school education (medium cognitive reserve). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that, given the same level of brain pathology, individuals with a higher education (cognitive reserve) benefit from a superior performance in semantic memory and executive functioning. Differences in these cognitive domains may be key pathways explaining how individuals with a high cognitive reserve are able to diminish dementia symptomatology despite physical changes in the brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Llinas, Maria T., Francisca Rodriguez, Carol Moreno, and F. Javier Salazar. Role of cyclooxygenase-2derived metabolites and nitric oxide in regulating renal function. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 279: R1641-R1646, 2000.--The aim of this study was to examine the relative contribution of both cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms in producing the prostaglandins (PG) involved in the regulation of renal function, when nitric oxide (NO) synthesis is reduced. In anesthetized dogs with reduction of NO synthesis, the renal effects of a nonisozyme-specific COX inhibitor (meclofenamate) were compared with those elicited by a selective COX-2 inhibitor (nimesulide) before and during an extracellular volume expansion (ECVE). Intrarenal [N.sup.G]-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester ([sub.L]-NAME) infusion (1 [micro] g [multiplied by] [kg.sup.-1] [multiplied by] [min.sup.-1]; n = 6) did not elicit renal hemodynamic changes and reduced (P [is less than] 0.01) the renal excretory response to ECVE. Intravenous nimesulide (5 [micro] g [multiplied by] [kg.sup.-1] [multiplied by] min-1; n = 6) did not modify renal hemodynamic and reduced (P < 0.05) sodium excretion before ECVE. Simultaneous L-NAME and nimesulide infusion (n = 7) elicited an increment (37%) in renal vascular resistance (RVR; P [is less than] 0.05) before ECVE and no hemodynamic changes during ECVE. The reduced excretory response elicited by L-NAME and nimesulide was similar to that found during L-NAME infusion. Finally, simultaneous L-NAME and meclofenamate infusion (10 [micro] g [multiplied by] [kg.sup.-1] [multiplied by] [min.sup.-1]; n = 7) induced an increase in RVR (91%, P [is less than] 0.05), a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (35%, P [is less than] 0.05), and a reduction of the renal excretory response to ECVE that was greater (P [is less than] 0.05) than that elicited by L-NAME alone. The results obtained support the notion that PG involved in regulating renal hemodynamic and excretory function when NO synthesis is reduced are mainly dependent on COX-1 activity. sodium excretion; renal hemodynamic

Background: Healthcare-associated infections are a major public health problem, with an important clinical and economic burden on health systems worldwide. In-vitro and in-vivo studies have shown that copper has the potential to kill microorganisms on contact. It has been described as the "contact killer". Despite this, the preventive role of antimicrobial copper on the reduction of healthcare-associated infections is not clear yet. Aims & Objectives: To assess the role of copper surfaces on the reduction of healthcare-associated infections. Methods: A systematic review of the literature with a meta-analysis. The search was carried out in five electronic databases, grey literature and reference list of included studies. Two researchers independently screened and judged the quality of the included studies. The GRADE approach was used to assess the quality of the body of evidence. Results: Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the introduction of antimicrobial copper alloys surfaces in high-touch surfaces reduced the incidence of healthcare-associated infections by around a quarter (IRR 0.74, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.97; p = 0.03; low quality of the evidence). Additionally, the probability of achieving the recommended concentration of less than 250 colony forming units/100cm² was 2.73 times higher in copper surfaces than in regular surfaces (RR 2.73, 95% CI 1.83 to 4.07; p <0.00001; moderate quality of the evidence). No significant difference was observed in the mortality rate. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analyses suggest that the introduction of antimicrobial copper alloys in replacement of high-touch surfaces may have a positive effect on the incidence rate of HAIs. Larger clinical trials will be needed to show an impact on mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Psychosocial factors offer promising possibilities for preventing dementia and slowing its progression. The extent to which psychosocial factors are taken into account in the treatment and care of people with dementia is not well known. The aim of this study was therefore to examine personal experiences and knowledge of psychosocial factors in dementia care structures. Particularly, their influence on dementia symptoms, on coping with daily life as well as on interpersonal relationships and the role of dementia in society. Method: To identify which psychosocial factors play a role in the treatment and care of people with dementia, three focus groups were held with informal caregivers (1) and health professionals (2) involved in the daily lives of people with dementia. The focus group discussions were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Result: It emerges that psychosocial factors have a beneficial effect on daily life performance and general wellbeing, especially social contact. Further, psychosocial factors aid people with dementia in perceiving their general competency and specific abilities. Needs, interests and preserved abilities of people with dementia should be in focus when deciding on psychosocial applications. Perceived barriers to the implementation of psychosocial factors in daily life are bureaucracy, inadequate staffing, cost, and limited offers of and assistance in using psychosocial services. Educating the population about dementia was identified as an important societal challenge in order to counteract a lack of social participation and stigmatization. Conclusion: The results of our study contribute to a better understanding of the needs psychosocial factors can address successfully. Yet, we also find a number of obstacles to implementing psychosocial factors in the daily life of people with dementia. Many barriers may be overcome by reducing bureaucracy, expanding infrastructure, and increasing dementia awareness as well as time for care activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The retina is part of the central nervous system. Layers of the retina can be investigated non‐invasively by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Previously, associations of retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) with cognitive function were established in population‐based studies. Clinical relevance constitutes the improvement of early detection of dementia precursors. Objectives: Investigate the relationship of RNFLT to cognitive function based on different neurocognitive testing procedures in a large population‐based sample. Methods: Within the population‐based LIFE‐Adult study (Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases; Germany), circumpapillary RNFLT was measured by spectral domain OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg). RNFLT was evaluated for subjects with reliable measurements (≥50 B‐scan repetitions, quality ≥20 dB, ≤5% missing A‐scans) and without clinical ocular pathology. The relationship between cognitive function and RNFLT was investigated for six sectors: temporal (T), temporal superior (TS), temporal inferior (TI), nasal (N), nasal superior (NS), nasal inferior (NS) and global mean (G). Neuropsychological questionnaires included single tests from the German version of the CERAD Neuropsychological Test Battery (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease), Trail Making Test, Stroop‐Test, Reading the Mind in the Eyes‐Test and Multiple Choice Vocabulary Intelligence Test‐B. Cognitive function was additionally examined using the CERAD Boston Naming Test and CERAD Phonematic Fluid in people over 60 years of age. Results: 5646 eyes of 5646 subjects were evaluated. After correction for multiple comparisons, statistically significant correlation with RNFLT was found for the CERAD test battery, Verbal Fluid Animals (T,TS), Word List Retrieval (G,T,TS,TI), and Word List Learning (G,T,TS,TI,NS). Furthermore, there was a correlation of RNFLT with the trail making test TMT‐A and TMT‐B (G,T,TS,TI). The Stroop‐neutral and Stroop‐incongruent condition (G,T,TS,TI,NS) and the vocabulary test (T,N,NS,NI) also showed a statistically significant association with RNFLT. The Reading the Mind in the Eyes test and some CERAD categories (Mini Mental Status Test (MMSE), Boston Naming Test, Figure Drawing, Figure Recall, Phonematic Fluid, Word List Recognition) did not correlate. Regression, after adjustment for age and refraction, presented with the following associations: TMT‐A (G,TS,TI), TMT‐B (G), Stroop incongruent condition (NS), vocabulary test (T). Discussion: For LIFE‐Adult, cognitive function was correlated with RNFLT using CERAD word list learning, trail making test, Stroop test and vocabulary test. In comparison, subjects of the Rotterdam study with a thinner RNFLT showed an increased risk of developing dementia within a few years; furthermore, a correlation between RNFLT to MMSE and Stroop test was established. The Erasmus Rucphen Family study found an association of thicker RNFL with better cognitive function especially in subjects under 40 years of age; RNFLT correlated with TMT‐B. In the Three‐City‐Alienor study, it was shown that thicker RNFLT was associated with better cognitive function in the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test; this was particularly true for temporal, superotemporal and inferotemporal segments. Conclusions: Individual neurocognitive tests correlate with thickness differences in RNFLT. We found a thicker RNFLT associated with better cognitive function, while deficits in cognitive function were associated with a significantly thinner RNFLT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Role of COX-2-derived metabolites in regulation of the renal hemodynamic response to norepinephrine. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 281: F975-F982, 2001.--The objective of this study was to examine the role of cylcooxygenase (COX)-2-derived prostaglandins (PG) in modulating the renal hemodynamic effects of norepinephrine (NE) during low or normal sodium intake. The relative contribution of each COX isoform in producing the PG that attenuate the renal NE effects during normal sodium intake was also evaluated. The renal response to three doses of NE (50,100, and 250 ng * [kg.sup.-1] * [min.sup.-1]) was evaluated in anesthetized dogs pretreated with vehicle, a selective COX-2 inhibitor (nimesulide), or a nonselective COX inhibitor (meclofenamate). Intrarenal infusion of the two lower doses of NE in vehicle-pretreated dogs with normal sodium intake (n = 8) elicited an increase in renal vascular resistance (RVR; 21 and 34%) without inducing changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The highest dose of NE in this group induced a further increment in RVR (113%) and a decrease in GFR (33%). Pretreatment with nimesulide in dogs with normal sodium intake (n = 7) did not modify the NE-induced increments in RVR but enhanced the decreases in GFR induced by the three NE doses (12, 26, and 64%). The renal hemodynamic response to NE in meclofenamate-pretreated dogs with normal sodium intake (n = 7) was similar to that found in dogs pretreated with nimesulide. Infusion of the lowest dose of NE to vehicle-pretreated dogs with low sodium intake (n = 6) did not modify GFR and elicited an increase in RVR (42%). Infusion of the second and third doses of NE led to a decrease in GFR (35 and 91%) and a rise in RVR (82 and 587%). Infusion of the first two doses of NE in nimesulide-pretreated dogs with low sodium intake (n = 5) induced a fall in GFR (64 and 92%) and an increase in RVR (174 and 2,293%) that were greater (P < 0.05) than those induced by NE in vehicle-pretreated dogs. The elevation in the urinary excretion rates of PG[E.sub.2] and 6-keto-PG[F.sub.1[alpha]] elicited by NE was prevented in the nimesulide-pretreated dogs. Our results show that COX-2 inhibition potentiates the renal hemodynamic effects of NE and propose that the PG involved in modulating them are mainly derived from COX-2 activity. renal function; glomerular filtration rate; renal vascular resistance; prostaglandins; cyclooxygenase-2

Background: So far, previous research suggests positive effects of mental demands at the workplace. However, it may depend on how stressfull these demands are perceived on an individual level. Objective: The aim was to build on previous research by investigating how mental demands are related to stress, overload, and work discontent and whether this relationship is mediated by individuals resources, such as resilience. Method: A sub-sample of the LIFE Adult Cohort (n = 480) was asked to answer questions on sociodemographic characteristics, objective stress (using the Trier Inventory of Chronic Stress (TICS)), and perceptions of stress with regard to verbal and executive mental demands at work. Results: According to generalized linear regression models, higher verbal as well as executive mental demands were associated with higher levels of chronic stress, work overload and discontent. Higher levels of resilience were associated with lower levels of these outcomes. Analyses regarding interaction effects revealed that the interaction between resilience and perceived stress of verbal mental demands was significant only in terms of work overload. Conclusion: Higher perceived stressfulness of mental demands was associated with higher chronic stress, work overload and work discontent. Therefore, mental demands should be targeted by occupational interventions that aim to improve job conditions and employees' overall well-being. Besides resilience, other potential influencers or personal resources should be focused on in future studies to develop interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Providing instruction for assembly tasks is essential in modern manufacturing industry, as well as in households for customers that buy products to be assembled at home. Recent technological developments might be able to assist in completing an assembly task faster and more accurately. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether performance and usability differs when instructions for an assembly task are presented on digital glasses versus paper.Methods: Participants (n = 63) completed one of three versions of an assembly task (between-subject-design) with LEGO® bricks: (1) with paper instruction (P), (2) with text instructions presented stepwise via digital glasses (GT), (3) with stepwise text and auditory instruction (in parallel) on digital glasses (GA). Outcome measures on performance were completion time and errors. Furthermore, usability was measured by the User Experience Questionnaire, the Standardized Usability Questionnaire, the Post-Study Usability Questionnaire, and cognitive processing skills were assessed by the Trail Making Test and different versions of the Eriksen Flanker Task. Analyses were adjusted for the confounding factors age, gender, experience with glasses and LEGO, and problems with instruction.Results: Findings indicate that task completion was faster with the paper instructions compared to both versions of instruction via digital glasses (GT, GA). We observed no difference in accuracy and usability between the instructions. "Novelty" was rated higher for instructions for both GT and GA, compared to P.Discussion: Results show that instructions on digital glasses may not always be more effective for assembly than the traditional paper-based instructions. Further studies are necessary to investigate whether effectiveness may depend on task complexity, target group, experience of the user with task and device, and how the information is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of people with dementia (PwD) live in the community. Compared to institutionalised PwD, their access to formalised music therapy is limited. Initial works suggest that non‐therapist‐led music‐based interventions (MBIs) may be an accessible and effective alternative. The aim of this review was, therefore, to synthesise evidence on MBIs for community‐dwelling PwD. We systematically searched electronic databases (PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science) for records reporting on controlled studies of MBIs delivered to community‐dwelling PwD. Two reviewers independently screened records according to inclusion/exclusion criteria. A total of 15 relevant publications reporting on 14 studies were initially identified and assessed using the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2) and the risk of bias. In non‐randomised studies of interventions (ROBINS‐I) tool. A total of 11 records of 10 studies, with a total of n = 327 PwD, were included in the synthesis. MBIs consisted either of singing or music listening interventions and were variable in duration. MBIs had immediate positive effects on cognition. Short‐term MBIs (lasting 1–4 months) benefited cognition, anxiety and pain. Evidence on depressive symptoms was conflicting. The benefits of longer term MBIs (lasting 6+ months) were less apparent. According to GRADE criteria, the overall quality of evidence was moderate to low. The inconsistency in designs, procedures and measures prevents specific conclusions at this stage. Still, the diversity observed in existing studies suggests that there are multiple interesting avenues for researchers to pursue, including the involvement of informal caregivers in MBI delivery. Future studies need to ensure adequate reporting to facilitate continued development. The protocol of this review was pre‐registered with the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, Registration Number: CRD42020191606). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Dealing with memory loss is a major challenge for older people. Coping strategies for memory problems could enable cognitively impaired people to live independently for longer. We conducted a systematic review to summarize evidence on coping strategies for older people and people with cognitive impairment to stabilize everyday life functioning. Methods: We systematically searched the databases PubMed, PsychInfo, Scopus and WebofScience using a well‐defined search string. Studies were included if they were published between January 1990 and February 2021 and written in English, German, Spanish, French, or Swedish language. Two blind researchers independently checked the studies for inclusion and exclusion criteria and evaluated the quality of the studies using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme—checklists. Evidence was summarized in a narrative synthesis. Results: A total of 16 relevant studies with adequate quality were identified. These studies reported on three categories of strategies: external, internal, and behavioral coping strategies. External strategies included reminder systems and integrated features in the environment and were used by people with and without cognitive impairments. Internal strategies such as visualization, verbalization, active remembering, and systematic thinking were reported less often by people with cognitive impairment than those without cognitive impairment. Behavioral strategies such as reducing expectations and acceptance of support was most frequently reported by people with cognitive impairment. Conclusions: The findings of our systematic review show a great number of coping strategies, which seem to depend on cognitive status. Appropriate training tools incorporating these strategies should be developed. Key points: People with and without cognitive impairment report the use of a comparable number of memory strategies, which include internal, external, and behavioral strategies.External memory aids, especially reminder systems like notes, calendars, and lists, are the most commonly reported strategy, irrespective of cognitive status.Internal strategies such as visualization, verbalization, active remembering, and systematic thinking are more frequently reported by people without cognitive impairment than by people with impairment.Behavioral strategies such as reducing expectations, acceptance of support, allowing a surplus in time, and anticipatory and preventive acts are mostly reported by people with cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the role of support from the social environment for the life expectancy in people with dementia beyond well-established individual demographic and clinical predictors over a period of up to 8 years. Methods The analyses are based on data from 500 community-dwelling individuals in Germany who tested positive for dementia and were followed up for up to 8 years. Life expectancy was examined in relation to perceived social support as well as well-established socio-demographic (age, sex) and clinical predictors (cognitive status, functional status, comorbidities), using Cox regressions. Results Greater support from the social environment reduced the risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63–0.98), with the role of emotional support being particularly important. Furthermore, higher age was associated with an increased mortality risk (HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.05–1.11), while female sex (HR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.48–0.85) and higher cognitive (HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93–0.98) and functional status (HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.86–0.97) were associated with higher life expectancy. Conclusion Our study provides novel evidence that less support from the social environment, especially emotional support, is a risk factor for shorter life expectancy in people with dementia—beyond known clinical factors. Not only the clinical and caregiving needs but also their psychosocial needs of individuals with dementia should be emphasised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intrauterine programming of cardiovascular and renal function occurs in diabetes because of the adverse maternal environment. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and -2 (HO-2) exert vasodilatory and antioxidant actions, particularly in conditions of elevated HO-1 expression or deficient nitric oxide levels. We evaluated whether the activity of the heme-HO system is differentially regulated by oxidative stress in the female offspring of diabetic mothers, contributing to the improved cardiovascular function in comparison with males. Diabetes was induced in pregnant rats by a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg ip) in late gestation. Three-month-old male offspring from diabetic mothers (MODs) exhibited higher blood pressure (BP), higher renal vascular resistance (RVR), worse endothelium-dependent response to acetylcholine (ACH), and an increased constrictor response to phenylephrine (PHE) compared with those in age-matched female offspring of diabetic mothers (FODs), which were abolished by chronic tempol (1 mM) treatment. In anesthetized animals, stannous mesoporphyrin (SnMP; 40 µmol/kg iv) administration, to inhibit HO activity, increased RVR in FODs and reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in MODs, without altering these parameters in control animals. When compared with MODs, FODs showed lower nitrotirosyne levels and higher HO-1 protein expression in renal homogenates. Indeed, chronic treatment with tempol in MODs prevented elevations in nitrotyrosine levels and the acute renal hemodynamics response to SnMP. Then, maternal diabetes results in sex-specific hypertension and renal alterations associated with oxidative stress mainly in adult male offspring, which are reduced in the female offspring by elevation in HO-1 expression and lower oxidative stress levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premise: The ability of plants to adapt or acclimate to climate change is inherently linked to their interactions with symbiotic microbes, notably fungi. However, it is unclear whether fungal symbionts from different climates have different impacts on the outcome of plant-fungal interactions, especially under environmental stress., Methods: We tested three provenances of fungal inoculum (originating from dry, moderate or wet environments) with one host plant genotype exposed to three soil moisture regimes (low, moderate and high). Inoculated and uninoculated plants were grown in controlled conditions for 151 days, then shoot and root biomass were weighed and fungal diversity and community composition determined via amplicon sequencing., Results: The source of inoculum and water regime elicited significant changes in plant resource allocation to shoots versus roots, but only specific inocula affected total plant biomass. Shoot biomass increased in the high water treatment but was negatively impacted by all inoculum treatments relative to the controls. The opposite was true for roots, where the low water treatment led to greater proportional root biomass, and plants inoculated with wet site fungi allocated significantly more resources to root growth than dry- or moderate-site inoculated plants and the controls. Fungal communities of shoots and roots partitioned by inoculum source, water treatment, and the interaction of the two., Conclusions: The provenance of fungi can significantly affect total plant biomass and resource allocation above- and belowground, with fungi derived from more extreme environments eliciting the strongest plant responses., (© 2025 Botanical Society of America.)

Aim was to investigate to what extent cognitive functioning differs by three socioeconomic conditions: low income, being without employment, and living alone. A total of N = 158,144 participants of the population-based German National Cohort (NAKO) provided data on socioeconomic conditions and completed cognitive tests. Multivariable confounder-adjusted regression analyses indicated that cognitive functioning was lower in those with low income (b = -0.21) compared to not having low income, living alone (b = -0.04) compared to not living alone, and being without employment (b = -0.09) compared to being employed. An interaction with age indicated that the difference in cognitive functioning was getting larger with age between the income groups and living alone status groups. Accordingly, the three conditions appear independently associated with poorer cognitive functioning. Pathways of how cognitive health in this population group can be improved need to be explored.

Objective: To assess the associations of asthma status or age at asthma diagnosis with cognition using the Telephone Survey of Cognitive Status from a large population-based sample. Further, we investigated the possibility that asthma treatment mediates these associations., Methods: This is a cross-sectional study from the Indonesian Family Life Survey Fifth Wave (IFLS-5) collected in 2014-2015. A weighted linear regression model was used to examine the associations between asthma and cognitive functioning scores in adults aged 50 years or older. Of the 6660 total samples included in this study, 176 participants had asthma (2.6%). We controlled for age, sex, and urbanicity with further adjustments for adult covariates or childhood covariates, as appropriate., Results: There was no association between overall asthma status and cognitive functioning scores. However, asthma diagnosed at 0-19 years was associated with significantly higher cognitive functioning scores (Beta coefficient = 2.24, 95% CI: 0.62 - 0.87), compared to those without asthma. In the analysis involving current treatment status (restricted analysis), the significant association disappeared among those under current asthma treatment status, indicating that asthma treatment may mediate the association., Conclusion: Asthma might not be a risk factor for cognitive impairment. Observations of a significant association of pediatric asthma with higher cognitive scores need further investigation. Understanding cognitive functioning among older adults with asthma may improve the surveillance of cognitive decline inthis age group.

Objective: Previous studies have shown that socioeconomically deprived groups exhibit higher lesion load of the white matter (WM) in aging. The aim of this study was to (i) investigate to what extent education and income may contribute to differences in white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and (ii) identify risk profiles related to a higher prevalence of age-associated WMH., Design and Setting: Population-based adult study of the Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE) in Leipzig, Germany., Participants: Dementia-free sample aged 40-80 years (n = 1,185) derived from the population registry., Measurements: Information was obtained in standardized interviews. WMH (including the derived Fazekas scores) were assessed using automated segmentation of high-resolution T1-weighted anatomical and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI acquired at 3T., Results: Despite a significant association between income and WMH in univariate analyses, results from adjusted models (age, gender, arterial hypertension, heart disease, and APOE e4 allele) indicated no association between income and WMH. Education was associated with Fazekas scores, but not with WMH and not after Bonferroni correction. Prevalence of some health-related risk factors was significantly higher among low-income/education groups. After combining risk factors in a factor analysis, results from adjusted models indicated significant associations between higher distress and more WMH as well as between obesity and more deep WMH., Conclusions: Previously observed differences in WMH between socioeconomically deprived groups might stem from differences in health-related risk factors. These risk factors should be targeted in prevention programs tailored to socioeconomically deprived individuals., (This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.)

Within occupational settings, mental health of employees can be affected by complex interactions between individuals and their work environment. The aim of this cross-sectional analysis was to investigate the association between person-environment fit and mental health in employees. Data of n = 568 participants from the LIFE adult cohort study was analysed, including socio-demographic characteristics, three dimensions of person-environment fit (P-E fit), symptoms of depression and anxiety. Assessment took place between 2017 and 2021. Statistical analysis included descriptive analyses as well as generalized linear regression models adjusted for age, gender, socioeconomic status, marital status, and job status. Correlational analysis revealed significant associations between age, marital status, SES, employment status, symptoms of depression and anxiety and P-E fit. According to regression models, greater perceived fit between person and organization was associated with lower depression scores and lower symptoms of anxiety. Higher perceived fit between demands and abilities was significantly related to lower severity of depression and anxiety. Similarly, participants reporting a higher fit between needs and supplies, exhibited less symptom severity regarding depression and anxiety. These results underline the importance of person-environment fit regarding mental health. Finding ways to obtain an optimal balance should not only be recognized as an important factor for health and well-being, but might also be beneficial for organizations and employers in the long-term., (© 2024. The Author(s).)