292 results on '"Rodent Diseases metabolism"'
Search Results
152. Amyloid in the corpora amylacea of the rat mammary gland.
- Author
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Beems RB, Gruys E, and Spit BJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Histocytochemistry, Hyperplasia, Mammary Glands, Animal pathology, Neoplasms metabolism, Neoplasms pathology, Rodent Diseases pathology, Amyloid metabolism, Mammary Glands, Animal metabolism, Neoplasms veterinary, Rats, Rodent Diseases metabolism
- Abstract
Histochemical and electron microscope studies indicated there was amyloid in corpora amylacea in tumors, duct ectasias and lobular hyperplasias of rat mammary glands. Electron microscopy showed fibrils that closely resembled amyloid fibrils in human and bovine amyloid and in bovine corpora amylacea. Amyloid deposition may be more common in rats than is generally thought.
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
153. Effects of cuterebrid larval parasitism on deer-mouse metabolism.
- Author
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Hunter DM and Webster JM
- Subjects
- Animals, Larva, Myiasis metabolism, Diptera, Mice metabolism, Myiasis veterinary, Rodent Diseases metabolism
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
154. Elevated free cholesterol content in hindleg muscle of the dystrophic mouse during a postnatal period form 2.1 to 30 weeks.
- Author
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Totsuka T and Watanabe K
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Animals, Brain Chemistry, Extremities, Liver analysis, Mice, Mice, Inbred Strains, Phospholipids analysis, Cholesterol analysis, Muscles analysis, Muscular Dystrophy, Animal metabolism, Rodent Diseases metabolism
- Abstract
Age-related changes in phospholipid and free cholesterol contents of hindleg muscles from normal and dystrophic (C57BL/6J dy/dy) mice were investigated. Free cholesterol contents in liver, whole blood and brain of dystrophic mice at 3 weeks of age were also compared with the control. Free cholesterol content tended to increase in the liver of the dystrophic mouse. Free cholesterol content of dystrophic muscle was significantly higher than that of normal muscle at each age (2.1 to 30 weeks old), while phospholipid contents in dystrophic muscles were nearly equal to those of the normal in age from 4 to 20 weeks.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
155. [Variation of glycosaminoglycan in the growth of transplantable tumors derived from a spontaneous ddY mouse mammary tumor].
- Author
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Yamamoto H and Fujishiro K
- Subjects
- Adenocarcinoma metabolism, Adenocarcinoma pathology, Animals, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Female, Mice, Neoplasms metabolism, Neoplasms pathology, Rodent Diseases pathology, Adenocarcinoma veterinary, Animals, Laboratory, Glycosaminoglycans metabolism, Mammary Glands, Animal, Mice, Inbred Strains, Neoplasms veterinary, Rodent Diseases metabolism
- Abstract
The components and variations of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in the growth of transplantable tumors derived from a spontaneous mouse mammary tumor were investigated. A 45-week-old ddY female mouse, obtained from Shizuoka Laboratory Animal Center, was found to have a bean-sized mass at the third mammary gland of the left side. The tumor mass was surgically excised and used for transplantation in the present study. This mammary tumor was histologically found to be Type B-adenocarcinoma. Transplantable mammary tumors consisted of the fibrous or edematous interstitium contained a large amount of GAG components, which was mainly hyaluronic acid (HA), dermatan sulfate (DS) and chondroitin sulfate A/C (ChS). In the analysis of GAG components, HA content was present in a large amount in logarithmic growth phase of transplanted mammary tumors, but it was markedly decreased in stationary phase. On the other hand, the contents of DS and ChS increased in stationary phase of the tumor growth, and these increases corresponded, histologically, with the propagation of the fibrous interstitial tissues.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
156. An experimental model of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in the rat.
- Author
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Verbalis JG
- Subjects
- Animals, Arginine Vasopressin pharmacology, Body Water metabolism, Deamino Arginine Vasopressin pharmacology, Erythrocyte Count, Hyponatremia blood, Inappropriate ADH Syndrome metabolism, Male, Potassium metabolism, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Sodium metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, Inappropriate ADH Syndrome veterinary, Rodent Diseases metabolism
- Abstract
An experimental model of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) was developed using continuous subcutaneous infusions of arginine vasopressin (AVP) or 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) in conscious unrestrained rats drinking 5% dextrose solution. Retention of both ingested water and endogenously generated free water from tissue catabolism was the primary determinant of hyponatremia using either AVP or DDAVP infusions. Natriuresis occurred transiently following water expansion but only slightly further lowered plasma [Na+]. Cessation of antidiuretic infusion resulted in free water excretion with correction of plasma [Na+]. Erythrocyte cell volume was significantly increased in hyponatremic animals and intracellular [K+] and [Na+] both decreased equivalently, consistent with dilution of intracellular fluid by retained water. This model of SIADH differs significantly from those previously described, in that escape from the hydroosmotic effect of AVP and DDAVP does not occur in the absence of high urinary flow rates. The observed results using this model suggest that the retained water in SIADH primarily resides intracellularly following isotonic equilibration of extracellular fluid volume.
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
157. Altered patterns of mucin secretion in gastric hyperplasia in mice.
- Author
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Greaves P and Boiziau JL
- Subjects
- Animals, Crowding, Female, Gastric Mucosa metabolism, Gastritis, Hypertrophic etiology, Gastritis, Hypertrophic pathology, Humans, Hyperplasia pathology, Male, Mice, Rodent Diseases etiology, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Gastric Mucosa pathology, Gastritis veterinary, Gastritis, Hypertrophic veterinary, Mice, Inbred Strains metabolism, Mucins metabolism, Rodent Diseases pathology
- Abstract
Gastric hyperplasia occurred more frequently among densely housed mice than mice housed singly, and crowding stress may have been implicated in this increased prevalence. Affected stomachs had striking increases in sulfomucin secretion when compared with unaffected gastric mucosa. The mucin changes suggested incomplete maturation of mucous cells in this condition and were similar to those reported in association with early neoplastic or pre-neoplastic lesions in the stomach of both man and rodents.
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
158. The fifth exon of the myelin proteolipid protein-coding gene is not utilized in the brain of jimpy mutant mice.
- Author
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Moriguchi A, Ikenaka K, Furuichi T, Okano H, Iwasaki Y, and Mikoshiba K
- Subjects
- Animals, Base Sequence, DNA genetics, Demyelinating Diseases genetics, Demyelinating Diseases metabolism, Diffuse Cerebral Sclerosis of Schilder, Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Molecular Sequence Data, Myelin Proteins analysis, Myelin Proteolipid Protein, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Brain Chemistry, Demyelinating Diseases veterinary, Exons, Mice, Jimpy genetics, Mice, Neurologic Mutants genetics, Myelin Proteins genetics, RNA Splicing, RNA, Messenger genetics, Rodent Diseases genetics
- Abstract
The jimpy mouse, an X-linked recessive dysmyelinating and demyelinating mutant, has been shown to contain abnormal myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) mRNA. To understand the molecular basis of the mutation, we analyzed the structure of PLP mRNA by an RNase-mapping procedure, using the probes specific to each exon of the mouse PLP gene. We found that the fifth exon of the PLP gene is not utilized in the jimpy.
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
159. Animal models of diabetes mellitus: physiology and pathology.
- Author
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Bell RH Jr and Hye RJ
- Subjects
- Alloxan, Animals, Cricetinae, Cricetulus metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus pathology, Diabetes Mellitus veterinary, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental etiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental pathology, Encephalomyocarditis virus, Enterovirus Infections complications, Guinea Pigs metabolism, Macaca metabolism, Mice, Mice, Inbred Strains metabolism, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains metabolism, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Rodent Diseases pathology, Streptozocin, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental metabolism
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
160. Islet activating protein (IAP) derived from the culture supernatant fluid of Bordetella pertussis: effect on spontaneous diabetic rats.
- Author
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Toyota T, Kakizaki M, Kimura K, Yajima M, Okamoto T, and Ui M
- Subjects
- Animals, Diabetes Mellitus drug therapy, Glucagon metabolism, Glucose Tolerance Test, Insulin metabolism, Insulin Secretion, Male, Perfusion, Rats, Diabetes Mellitus veterinary, Islets of Langerhans drug effects, Pertussis Vaccine therapeutic use, Rodent Diseases metabolism
- Abstract
The early phase of insulin secretion to an oral glucose load was blunted in spontaneous diabetic rats. The blunted insulin secretion was associated with markedly impaired glucose tolerance. A single injection of the islet activating protein (IAP), a protein derived from the culture medium of Bordetella pertussis, into the spontaneous diabetic rats normalised glucose tolerance. The increase in insulin response to glucose was an important contributing factor to the improvement of glucose tolerance. This curative effect of the IAP on the diabetic state was of long duration; glucose tolerance remained virtually normal over a period of one month in the diabetic rats. Perfusion of the isolated pancreas of the diabetic rats pretreated with IAP showed an increase in insulin response to glucose and loss of suppression of glucagon secretion by noradrenaline.
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
161. [Effect of giving various Mn or Cu supplements in Zinc deficiency].
- Author
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Pallauf J and Kirchgessner M
- Subjects
- Animals, Deficiency Diseases drug therapy, Food Additives, Male, Rats metabolism, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Copper therapeutic use, Deficiency Diseases veterinary, Manganese therapeutic use, Rodent Diseases drug therapy, Zinc metabolism
- Published
- 1974
162. Enzymatic and metabolic responses to affluent diet of two diabetes-prone species of spiny mice: Acomys cahirinus and Acomys russatus.
- Author
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Shafrir E and Adler JH
- Subjects
- Animals, Blood Glucose metabolism, Body Weight, Diabetes Mellitus enzymology, Diabetes Mellitus metabolism, Insulin blood, Lipids blood, Liver pathology, Organ Size, Rodent Diseases enzymology, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus veterinary, Diet, Muridae metabolism
- Abstract
The adaptive responses to sucrose and fat diets were investigated in two species of spiny mice, Acomys russatus and Acomys cahirinus, in relation to their propensity to develop diabetic-like symptoms. A russatus gained weight pronouncedly, both on regular and fat-rich seed diet, did not exhibit hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia but had highly increased hepatic triglyceride content in association with high levels of circulating free fatty acids and incidence of ketonuria in 10 of 41 animals. On the other hand, A. cahirinus exhibited a moderate weight gain on the fat diet which was accompanied by hyperglycemia but no hyperlipidemia or ketonuria. Neither weight gain nor ketonuria were evident in A. russatus and A. cahirinus on the sucrose-rich diet, but there was hyperlipidemia in the latter species. A. cahirinus, in particular, showed many-fold induction of liver enzymes, of regulatory importance in the pathways of glycolysis and lipogenesis, which could be linked to the hyperlipidemia in this species. On the fat diet there was a smaller increase in activity in enzymes related to gluconeogenesis in A. russatus compared with A. cahirinus, as well as a smaller suppression of glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes. Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity rose in response to the fat-rich diet, more markedly in A. russatus than A. cahirinus in correlation to the more marked weight gain and hyperinsulinemia in this species. The affluent diets, especially sucrose, elicited an increase in circulating triiodothyronine levels which was more pronounced in A. cahirinus than in A. russatus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
163. Quantitative and morphological studies on the influence of zinc deficiency on the liver of pregnant rats.
- Author
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Mamba K, Taniguchi K, Kagabu S, and Makita T
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Liver ultrastructure, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications metabolism, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Iron analysis, Liver metabolism, Pregnancy Complications veterinary, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Zinc deficiency
- Abstract
The effect of zinc deficiency on trace metals in the liver, spleen, kidney, pancreas and duodenum was investigated in the control and zinc-deficient rats at 17 days and 20 days of pregnancy. Zinc-deficient rats fell into limosis after 5 days of pregnancy. The contents of zinc, iron, copper and manganese in the maternal tissues were measured by colorimetry with 5NPPF. The morphological changes of the liver were observed by light and electron microscopy. The contents of zinc in the pancreas and duodenum were less in the zinc-deficient group than in the control at both 17 days and 20 days of pregnancy. The contents of the copper and manganese in the liver, kidney, pancreas, duodenum and spleen, however, were not significantly different from the control. The contents of iron in the liver, spleen and kidney in the deficient group increased greatly at 17 days and 20 days of pregnancy compared with the control group. The combination rate of transferrin with iron also increased significantly in the deficient group. Staining with Berlin blue or Turnbull's blue showed intense reaction to iron around the interlobular connective tissue of the liver in the zinc deficient group at 20 days of pregnancy. Ultrastructurally, the liver of the zinc-deficient rats showed the decrease of glycogen granules and increase of lipid-like granules and lysosomes with various sizes and electron densities. These findings suggest that zinc deficiency causes the increase of iron contents in the various organs during pregnancy, and that there is an intimate interrelationship between zinc and iron in the metabolism of iron during pregnancy.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
164. Fractional extracellular space and fractional water content of various rat tissues at different extracellular pH values and in uremia.
- Author
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Rothe KF
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain metabolism, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Male, Muscles metabolism, Uremia metabolism, Body Water metabolism, Extracellular Space metabolism, Rats metabolism, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Uremia veterinary
- Abstract
At different extracellular pH values fractional extracellular space (calculated from the distribution of 3H inulin) and fractional water content showed no significant differences. 72 h after nephrectomy both variables increased significantly. An exception to this was brain, where fractional extracellular space decreased and total intracellular water increased as a sign of brain oedema.
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
165. Studies on abnormal cyclic GMP metabolism in animal models of retinal degeneration: genetic relationships and cellular compartmentalization.
- Author
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Chader GJ, Fletcher RT, Barbehenn E, Aguirre G, and Sanyal S
- Subjects
- Animals, Cyclic GMP biosynthesis, Dog Diseases genetics, Dog Diseases pathology, Dogs, Mice, Mice, Mutant Strains, Mutation, Nucleotides, Cyclic metabolism, Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases metabolism, Retina metabolism, Retina pathology, Retinal Degeneration genetics, Retinal Degeneration metabolism, Rodent Diseases genetics, Rodent Diseases pathology, Cyclic GMP metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, Dog Diseases metabolism, Retinal Degeneration veterinary, Rodent Diseases metabolism
- Published
- 1987
166. Acidophilic protein crystals in lungs and bile ducts of helminth-infected mice.
- Author
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Sato H, Kawase S, Oku Y, Kamiya M, and Ohbayashi M
- Subjects
- Animals, Crystallization, Helminthiasis metabolism, Histocytochemistry, Bile Ducts metabolism, Helminthiasis, Animal, Lung metabolism, Mice, Proteins metabolism, Rodent Diseases metabolism
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
167. Chronic progressive nephrosis in the albino rat.
- Author
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Gray JE
- Subjects
- Aging, Animals, Chronic Disease, Kidney pathology, Kidney ultrastructure, Kidney Glomerulus metabolism, Nephrosis epidemiology, Nephrosis history, Nephrosis metabolism, Nephrosis pathology, Proteins metabolism, Proteinuria veterinary, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Rodent Diseases pathology, Sex Factors, Species Specificity, Terminology as Topic, Nephrosis veterinary, Rats, Rodent Diseases epidemiology
- Published
- 1977
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
168. Repeated epilation (ER): a semidominant autosomal gene reducing synthesis of skin filaggrin in mice.
- Author
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Brown KS, Harne LC, Holbrook KA, and Dale BA
- Subjects
- Abnormalities, Multiple genetics, Abnormalities, Multiple veterinary, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Epidermis pathology, Epidermis ultrastructure, Genes, Dominant, Hair abnormalities, Ichthyosis genetics, Mice, Rodent Diseases genetics, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Epidermis metabolism, Mice, Mutant Strains genetics
- Published
- 1982
169. The characteristics and metabolism of a genetically hypercholesterolemic strain of rats (RICO).
- Author
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Müller KR, Li JR, Dinh DM, and Subbiah MT
- Subjects
- Animals, Cholesterol metabolism, Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase metabolism, Feces analysis, Female, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II metabolism, Lipids blood, Lipoproteins blood, Liver metabolism, Male, Rats genetics, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II veterinary, Rats metabolism
- Abstract
A genetically hypercholesterolemic strain of rats was selectively bred, starting from an ordinary albino mutant of Rattus norvegicus. The new strain was given the designation RICO, standing for rats with increased cholesterol. In these animals, hypercholesterolemia is established, in both sexes, one day after weaning, and it increases progressively thereafter. It is due to elevated concentrations of LDL- and HDL-cholesterol. As in the ordinary rat, the HDL fraction makes up the main part of the serum cholesterol in the RICO rat. Metabolic studies revealed that in the RICO strain the overall rate of hepatic cholesterol synthesis is accelerated, as a result of higher than normal activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. The activity of cholesterol-7 alpha-hydroxylase is decreased in RICO rats, indicating a lower than normal rate of cholesterol catabolism. No difference was found between RICO and ordinary rats with respect to fecal excretion of bile acids and cholesterol.
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
170. Comparative features of an animal model for behavioral and neurochemical change.
- Author
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Essman WB and Essman EJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Diet, Humans, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred Strains, Receptors, Dopamine drug effects, Receptors, Dopamine physiology, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Rodent Diseases psychology, Social Isolation, Tourette Syndrome metabolism, Tourette Syndrome psychology, Disease Models, Animal, Tourette Syndrome veterinary
- Published
- 1982
171. Inherited metabolic disease in laboratory animals: a review.
- Author
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Bulfield G
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors genetics, Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors veterinary, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Erythrocytes enzymology, Gangliosidoses genetics, Gangliosidoses metabolism, Gangliosidoses veterinary, Genetic Diseases, Inborn metabolism, Humans, Mice, Phosphorylase Kinase deficiency, Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors metabolism, Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors veterinary, Rodent Diseases genetics, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Trace Elements metabolism, Animals, Laboratory, Genetic Diseases, Inborn veterinary
- Abstract
Research on the screening for and study of animal models of inherited metabolic disease is reviewed. It is emphasized that an animal model, to be of value, must be an inherited deficiency of the same enzyme as the one deficient in the human syndrome. If this criterion is adhered to there is a remarkable identity in aetiology between animal and man. Specific examples of inherited metabolic disease in laboratory animals are described for: amino acid metabolism; lysosomal storage diseases, carbohydrate metabolism, transport disorders and trace element metabolism; the mutants found in mice being the easiest to manipulate biochemically and genetically. There is still a lack of adequate screening programmes for animal homologues of the more serious human inborn errors (such as lysosomal storage diseases) where laboratory studies could provide significant advances in therapy.
- Published
- 1980
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
172. [Histochemical study of glycosaminoglycan in Wilms tumors of rats and rabbits and fetal kidneys of rats].
- Author
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Okada M, Suzuki Y, Chiba T, Sobue M, and Takeuchi J
- Subjects
- Animals, Fetus, Histocytochemistry, Kidney Neoplasms metabolism, Rats, Wilms Tumor metabolism, Glycosaminoglycans analysis, Kidney analysis, Kidney Neoplasms veterinary, Rabbits, Rats, Inbred Strains, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Wilms Tumor veterinary
- Abstract
Histochemical studies were performed on glycosaminoglycan (GAG) components in Wilms tumors of rats and rabbits and fetal kidneys of rats. 1. Wilms tumors. The interstitial components had an intense stainability with Alcian blue, and digestion test with hyaluronidase and chondroitinase was intensely positive. The epithelial tumor cells, showing a tubular pattern, were also stained with Alcian blue. The enzyme-digestion test was positive in the basal portion of the tumor cells, whereas it was negative in the free surface of the cells. 2. Rat kidneys. In fetal rats, the epithelial cells as well as the interstitial components were stained with Alcian blue, and the enzyme-digestion test was intensely positive. However, in adult rats, Alcian blue-stainability in the free surface of the tubular epithelium was not abolished by treatment with hyaluronidase and chondroitinase. The substance in the free surface seemed to be consisted mainly of heparan sulfate. Although the physiological significance of GAG in the cell surface cannot be deduced, it is quite conceivable that GAG, especially heparan sulfate, plays an important role in fluid absorption and transportation.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
173. Creatine phosphate and adenine nucleotides in muscle from animals with muscular dystrophy.
- Author
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Farrell PM and Olson RE
- Subjects
- Adenosine Triphosphate metabolism, Animals, Creatine metabolism, Mice, Muscle Proteins analysis, Muscular Dystrophy, Animal genetics, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Poultry Diseases genetics, Poultry Diseases metabolism, Rabbits, Rodent Diseases genetics, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Vitamin E Deficiency complications, Adenine Nucleotides metabolism, Muscles metabolism, Muscular Dystrophy, Animal metabolism, Phosphocreatine metabolism
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
174. [Proceedings: Spontaneous glomerulopathy with tubular protein storage in Wistar rats].
- Author
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Kraus B
- Subjects
- Animals, Kidney Tubules metabolism, Proteinuria metabolism, Proteinuria pathology, Rats, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Rodent Diseases pathology, Kidney Diseases veterinary, Kidney Glomerulus pathology, Kidney Tubules pathology, Proteinuria veterinary
- Published
- 1974
175. [Amino acid patterns in hereditary cardiomyopathy of Syrian golden hamsters (type BIO 8262)].
- Author
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Kaemmerer H, Fink-Gremmels J, Lossnitzer K, and Rapp K
- Subjects
- Animals, Cardiomyopathies metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Male, Amino Acids analysis, Cardiomyopathies veterinary, Cricetinae, Mesocricetus, Myocardium analysis, Rodent Diseases metabolism
- Published
- 1987
176. Blood-retinal barrier changes in the retinal pigment epithelium of RCS rats with inherited retinal degeneration.
- Author
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Caldwell RB
- Subjects
- Animals, Biological Transport, Choroid metabolism, Intercellular Junctions metabolism, Pigment Epithelium of Eye blood supply, Pigment Epithelium of Eye pathology, Pinocytosis, Rats, Retinal Degeneration genetics, Retinal Degeneration metabolism, Retinal Degeneration pathology, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Sterols metabolism, Blood-Retinal Barrier, Pigment Epithelium of Eye metabolism, Rats, Inbred Strains, Retinal Degeneration veterinary, Rodent Diseases genetics
- Published
- 1987
177. Porphyria in animals.
- Author
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Rimington C and Moore MR
- Subjects
- Animals, Cat Diseases genetics, Cat Diseases metabolism, Cats, Cattle, Cattle Diseases genetics, Cattle Diseases metabolism, Cricetinae, Harderian Gland metabolism, Porphyrias genetics, Porphyrias metabolism, Porphyrins metabolism, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Rodentia, Sciuridae, Swine, Swine Diseases genetics, Swine Diseases metabolism, Porphyrias veterinary
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
178. Some functional characteristics of adrenal medullary tumors in aged male Wistar rats.
- Author
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Bosland MC and Bär A
- Subjects
- Adrenal Gland Neoplasms metabolism, Adrenal Gland Neoplasms physiopathology, Aging, Animals, Histocytochemistry, Hyperplasia veterinary, Male, Pheochromocytoma metabolism, Pheochromocytoma physiopathology, Rats, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Rodent Diseases physiopathology, Adrenal Gland Neoplasms veterinary, Adrenal Medulla pathology, Pheochromocytoma veterinary, Rats, Inbred Strains physiology
- Abstract
Neither analysis of the urinary catecholamine metabolites vanillymandelic acid and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol nor blood pressure measurements allowed the detection of adrenal medullary tumors or hyperplasia in 115 aged male Wistar rats (70 rats, 24 months of age and 45 rats, 30 months of age). Histochemical examination of the adrenal glands demonstrated that the 55 hyperplastic and 25 neoplastic lesions of the medulla usually had little or no chromaffinity. Chromaffinity was found comparable to normal medulla in only three tumors examined histochemically. Of these tumors, two were partially and one completely chromaffin-positive, but all three were small and did not result in elevated blood pressure or catecholamine metabolite excretion values. These observations indicate that excessive catecholamine synthesis and release is not a feature of adrenomedullary tumors and hyperplasia occurring spontaneously in aged male Wistar rats.
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
179. Abnormal trace mineral metabolism in adult X-linked hypophosphatemic mice: a possible role of increased food intake.
- Author
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Meyer MH, Meyer RA Jr, Pollard BD, and Theys RD
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Food, Hypophosphatemia, Familial metabolism, Intestinal Absorption, Male, Mice, Rodent Diseases genetics, Tissue Distribution, Trace Elements metabolism, Hypophosphatemia, Familial veterinary, Minerals metabolism, Rodent Diseases metabolism
- Abstract
X-linked hypophosphatemia is a human and mouse disease characterized by reduced renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate, hypophosphatemia, and dwarfism. The gene is X-linked and dominant. There have been conflicting reports in the literature regarding possible malabsorption of minerals by the intestine as well. In this study we examined the mineral status in adult X-linked hypophosphatemic (Hyp) mice by measuring trace minerals in blood, bone, muscle, liver and hair and by performing a balance study for Ca, P, Mg, Na and K. The results indicate that Hyp mice have higher than normal levels of plasma iron, bone manganese and zinc, liver iron, and muscle zinc. The trace minerals in hair were not significantly affected. The balance study showed that the content of Ca, P, Mg, Na and K of the urine and feces of normal and Hyp mice were nonsignificantly different. Hyp mice did consume more diet per gram body weight. We conclude that there is no deficiency in intestinal mineral absorption in adult Hyp mice. No tissues studied were found to have reduced trace mineral levels. In fact, where differences occurred, Hyp mice had elevated trace mineral levels in various tissues and blood. This was probably the result of the increased dietary intake per gram body weight in the Hyp mice.
- Published
- 1984
180. The psychoneuroendocrinology of diabetes mellitus in rodents.
- Author
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Leedom LJ and Meehan WP
- Subjects
- Animals, Behavior, Animal physiology, Brain physiopathology, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental psychology, Female, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System physiology, Male, Mice, Pituitary-Adrenal System physiology, Rats, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Rodent Diseases psychology, Rodentia, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental physiopathology, Rodent Diseases physiopathology
- Abstract
The metabolic-endocrine state of diabetes mellitus affects the brain and behavior of diabetic animals. Feeding, paradoxical sleep, analgesia, submissive behavior, and avoidance behavior, are generally increased in diabetic compared with nondiabetic rodents. In contrast, sexual behavior, aggressive behavior and sensitivity to the behavioral effects of amphetamine are decreased in diabetic rodents. This review examines behavioral changes in diabetes mellitus within the context of known disease-linked alterations in hypothalamo-pituitary relationships and brain monoamine metabolism.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
181. [Animal models with models receptor deficiencies--mice and rats as testicular feminization].
- Author
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Tsuji M and Matsumoto K
- Subjects
- Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome genetics, Animals, Dihydrotestosterone metabolism, Female, Male, Pregnancy, Testosterone metabolism, Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome veterinary, Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Rats, Receptors, Androgen deficiency, Receptors, Steroid deficiency, Rodent Diseases metabolism
- Published
- 1982
182. The extent of coprophagy in rats with differing iron status and its effect on iron absorption.
- Author
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Tidehag P, Hallmans G, Sjöström R, Sunzel B, Wetter L, and Wing K
- Subjects
- Animals, Intestinal Absorption, Iron blood, Iron Radioisotopes, Male, Rats, Coprophagia metabolism, Iron metabolism, Rats, Inbred Strains metabolism, Rodent Diseases metabolism
- Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of coprophagy in rats with differing iron status and its effect on the measurement of iron absorption from test meals with and without bran. Two experiments were performed using radioisotope-labelled microspheres added as a non-digestible marker for the ingested faeces and the diet and 59Fe added as a marker for the nonhaem iron in the test meal. In this study, coprophagy occurred at group mean rates of between 5 and 22% and was independent of the iron status of the rats or the presence or absence of bran in the diet. The relative absorption of iron, measured as the retention of 59Fe from a single meal, was affected to the same extent in groups with the same iron status, if it was affected at all. Thus comparisons of iron absorption from diets with and without bran should not be affected by coprophagy.
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
183. [Biochemical studies of dystrophic mice. Acetylcholine receptor and nerve growth factor].
- Author
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Nakao K, Imura H, Ohta M, Furukawa S, Hayashi K, and Nishitani H
- Subjects
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Male, Mice, Neuromuscular Junction analysis, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Mice, Inbred Strains, Muscular Dystrophy, Animal metabolism, Nerve Growth Factors analysis, Receptors, Cholinergic analysis
- Published
- 1977
184. Melatonin reduction by lithium and albinism in quail and hamsters.
- Author
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Lauber JK and Vriend J
- Subjects
- Albinism metabolism, Animals, Bird Diseases pathology, Eye anatomy & histology, Eye metabolism, Intraocular Pressure, Lithium Chloride, Male, Organ Size, Pineal Gland metabolism, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Rodent Diseases pathology, Albinism veterinary, Bird Diseases metabolism, Chlorides pharmacology, Coturnix metabolism, Cricetinae metabolism, Lithium pharmacology, Melatonin metabolism, Mesocricetus metabolism, Quail metabolism
- Abstract
Melatonin was measured by radioimmunoassay in several genetic strains of Japanese quail. Plasma melatonin (PM), measured at the nighttime peak, was highest in wild type quail reared on a diurnal lighting schedule; this PM peak was suppressed in continuous light. Albino quail had low melatonin levels, whether reared under diurnal conditions or in continuous light. Ocular melatonin was also suppressed in albinos and in dilute mutants. At midday sampling, melatonin was only half as high in albinos as in wild types. Intraocular pressure (IOP, daytime readings) was uniformly low in diurnal birds and was elevated in all quail reared under continuous light. Thus in pigmented birds, a high melatonin level was associated with high IOP, but in albinos displaying high IOP, ocular melatonin was not elevated. Lithium chloride, mixed in the feed, brought about a pronounced reduction in plasma, pineal, and ocular melatonin, in wild-type quail reared on a diurnal schedule. This confirms earlier findings in lithium-fed rats. Golden hamsters displayed a characteristic diurnal cycle of pineal melatonin, with a sharp middark peak; in albino hamsters, also kept on a diurnal schedule, this peak occurred at the same time, but albinos had melatonin levels only about one-third as high as those of pigmented animals.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
185. Insulin-like effects of fatty acid synthesis in liver of hamsters infected with plerocercoids of the tapeworm, Spirometra mansonoides.
- Author
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Phares CK and Carroll RM
- Subjects
- Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase metabolism, Animals, Diphyllobothriasis blood, Diphyllobothriasis enzymology, Diphyllobothriasis veterinary, Fatty Acid Synthases metabolism, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified metabolism, Lipids blood, Lipoprotein Lipase analysis, Lipoproteins blood, Liver enzymology, Male, Mesocricetus metabolism, Spirometra, Cricetinae parasitology, Diphyllobothriasis metabolism, Fatty Acids biosynthesis, Lipid Metabolism, Liver metabolism, Mesocricetus parasitology, Rodent Diseases metabolism
- Abstract
Elevated serum lipids are associated with infections of laboratory rodents with plerocercoids of Spirometra mansonoides. The effect of infection with these larval tapeworms on triglyceride degradation and hepatic de novo fatty acid synthesis was investigated in Syrian hamsters. Serum lipoprotein electrophoresis revealed a consistent elevation in very low density lipoproteins in the infected animals. Lipoprotein lipase activity was enhanced in the infected animals. After seven days of plerocercoid infection the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (E.C. 6.4.1.2) was significantly elevated after 6, 12 and 18 hours of fasting. Fatty acid synthetase was significantly increased after 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours of fasting. Therefore, a chronic insulin-like activity on lipid metabolism of hamsters is associated with plerocercoid infection.
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
186. [Appearance and metabolic development of diabetes mellitus in the sand rat, Psammomys obesus].
- Author
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Boulanger M, Beert L, Duhault J, and Marquié G
- Subjects
- Animal Feed, Animals, Blood Glucose metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus metabolism, Female, Glycosuria veterinary, Insulin blood, Insulin Resistance, Lipid Metabolism, Male, Obesity veterinary, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Arvicolinae metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus veterinary
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the long-term effects of synthetic chow diet on the metabolic pattern of diabetic syndrome in a large group of sand rats. Few animals had a fulminating reaction with markedly decreased glucose tolerance, low plasma insulin levels and death within 3-4 weeks. But the most of sand rats developed obesity and elevated plasma insulin levels. From the third month, 40% of sand rats presented a diabetic syndrome with hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, markedly decreased glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Plasma lipids were increased; the lipid and glycogen accumulation in the liver was high. So this diabetic syndrome can be compared to maturity onset diabetes. If this synthetic chow diet lasted more than 6 months, the most of animals lost considerable weight with a strong lipid depletion of fat stores. Serum immunoreactive insulin levels fall and the blood glucose rose over 500 mg/100 ml with glycosuria and ketonuria . The elevated triglyceride content of plasma and the lipid deposits in the liver were exaggerated; glycogen had disappeared. Animals developed an overtly insulin- dependent diabetes, the latter phase of the disease. The sand rat appears to us as a potentially interesting model for investigation both maturity onset and ketotic-type diabetic syndrome.
- Published
- 1983
187. Brain edema and gliopathy induced by 6-aminonicotinamide intoxication in the central nervous system of rats.
- Author
-
Sasaki S
- Subjects
- Animals, Blood-Brain Barrier drug effects, Brain Edema chemically induced, Brain Edema metabolism, Brain Edema pathology, Male, Neuroglia drug effects, Neuroglia metabolism, Neuroglia ultrastructure, Rats, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Rodent Diseases pathology, 6-Aminonicotinamide poisoning, Astrocytes pathology, Brain Edema veterinary, Niacinamide analogs & derivatives, Rats, Inbred Strains, Rodent Diseases chemically induced
- Abstract
Brain edema was produced by 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN) in the rat with accompanying metabolic disturbance due to the accumulation of an antimetabolite of nicotinamide in the CNS. Twenty-four hours after intraperitoneal administration of 6-AN, significant (P less than 0.01) increases of sodium and water in the medulla oblongata were observed. By electron microscopy, the lesion was characterized by swelling of the perivascular neuroglial processes, producing disturbances of the active transport in the cell membrane and increased pinocytosis in the endothelial cells, especially of the arterioles and venules. The metabolic inhibitor was shown to produce not only an increased water and sodium uptake in neuroglias, which is characteristic of cytotoxic brain edema, but also produced protein-rich edema in the extracellular space, ie, vasogenic brain edema. The protein transport in the metabolic disturbance caused by 6-AN was traced, using horseradish peroxidase, revealing that it occurred from the vasculature into the extracellular spaces via pinocytotic vesicles due to the change in the cerebrovascular permeability.
- Published
- 1982
188. The histogenesis of hepatoma occurring spontaneously in a strain of sand rats (Psammomys obesus).
- Author
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Ungar H and Adler JH
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Animals, Animals, Wild, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular metabolism, Cytoplasm ultrastructure, Female, Liver ultrastructure, Liver Glycogen metabolism, Liver Neoplasms metabolism, Male, Neoplasms, Experimental pathology, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Sex Factors, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular pathology, Liver pathology, Liver Neoplasms pathology, Rats, Rodent Diseases pathology
- Abstract
Spontaneous hepatomas and hepatic preneoplastic changes were observed in sand rats (Psammomys obesus) from two colonies. Both colonies originated from 10 sand rats captured in the Judean desert in 1969. At the age of 6 months, and increasing in multiplicity with advancing age, histologic examination revealed nodules containing hepatocytes characterized by hyperbasophilia, accumulation of glycogen, eosinophilic cytoplasm, or a mixture of these cells. In animals over 25 months old hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed. The histologic changes described here were reported to be characteristic of chemical hepatomagenesis in rats. No external chemical carcinogen could be demonstrated in our animal colonies, and a hereditary predisposition to tumor formation is presumed. Identity of hepatic carcinogenesis, irrespective of etiology in distantly related rodents, ie, the laboratory rat and the sand rat, which in reality is a gerbil, supports the assumption of the existence of a general law governing hepatic carcinogenesis.
- Published
- 1978
189. Changes in cellular and subcellular composition during potassium deficiency.
- Author
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Southon S and Heaton FW
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain Chemistry, Calcium analysis, Kidney analysis, Liver analysis, Magnesium analysis, Male, Muscles analysis, Myocardium analysis, Potassium analysis, Potassium Deficiency metabolism, Rats, Sodium analysis, Electrolytes analysis, Potassium Deficiency veterinary, Rats, Inbred Strains metabolism, Rodent Diseases metabolism
- Abstract
1. A specific dietary deficiency of potassium in young rats reduced the potassium concentration in thigh muscle by 48%, and in heart and kidney by 18%, but did not significantly affect the concentration in liver or brain. Conversely the sodium concentration rose in liver, heart and thigh muscle, and thigh muscle also accumulated increased amounts of magnesium. Apart from an increase in the water content of many tissues, no consistent changes in the composition of major cell constituents were observed. 2. The loss of potassium and accumulation of sodium and magnesium occurred predominantly in the supernatant fraction of the cell. The supernatant of all tissues studied contained about 80% of the total cellular potassium and sodium, and the potassium was present entirely in the ionic form. 3. Potassium and magnesium are the two most abundant intracellular metals, but their deficiencies have very different effects on the cell. The relationship between them is more complex than the inverse relationship between potassium and sodium.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
190. [Proceedings: Protein metabolism in rats of various ages with spontaneous nephropathy].
- Author
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Müller HA and Cain H
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Animals, Kidney Diseases metabolism, Liver metabolism, Proteinuria metabolism, Rats, Kidney Diseases veterinary, Proteinuria veterinary, Rodent Diseases metabolism
- Published
- 1974
191. Diabetes mellitus in the guinea pig.
- Author
-
Lang CM and Munger BL
- Subjects
- Animals, Aorta metabolism, Birth Weight, Blood Glucose metabolism, Cataract, Cholesterol metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus etiology, Diabetes Mellitus metabolism, Female, Fetal Death, Glucose Tolerance Test, Glycosuria, Inclusion Bodies, Islets of Langerhans pathology, Litter Size, Male, Pregnancy, Pregnancy in Diabetics, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Triglycerides blood, Diabetes Mellitus veterinary, Disease Models, Animal, Guinea Pigs
- Abstract
Spontaneous diabetes mellitus has been documented in a colony of guinea pigs. The contagious nature of the disease has been verified, but the nature of the infectious agent is not known. Animals from the original colony or animals exposed to the colony with normal glucose tolerance tests (GTT) became diabetic, as evidenced by elevated one- and four-hour GTT values, and in most cases have significant glycosuria. The severity of pathologic changes in the pancreatic islets parallel, in general, the severity of the clinical symptoms (glycosuria and abnormal GTT). Those animals with severe glycosuria and elevated FBS as well as one- and four-hour GTT values had the most pronounced degranulation and most prominent cytoplasmic inclusions in islet B cells. The severity of scarring in the islets can be correlated with the duration of the overt diabetic state. The other clinical parameters of note were elevated serum triglycerides, normal serum but elevated aortic cholesterol, and absence of ketonemia or ketonuria. The reproductive capacity of diabetic females was compromised. While the clinical manifestations are mild or variable, the presence of significant islet pathology is reminiscent of human juvenile diabetes mellitus. These findings lend support to the concept that infectious and/or immune mechanisms could be operative in the etiology and pathogenesis of human diabetes mellitus.
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
192. [Experimental studies on extraosseous calcification in hypervitaminosis D3. I. Significance of proteoglycans in the early stages of calcification in the rat].
- Author
-
Regal DS
- Subjects
- Animals, Aorta ultrastructure, Calcinosis metabolism, Calcinosis pathology, Calcium analysis, Female, Kidney ultrastructure, Male, Myocardium ultrastructure, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Calcinosis veterinary, Cholecalciferol adverse effects, Proteoglycans metabolism, Rodent Diseases pathology
- Published
- 1982
193. Gonadotropin uptake in genetic and irradiation models of ovarian tumorigenesis.
- Author
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Beamer WG and Tennent BJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Mice, Mutation, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced metabolism, Organ Size radiation effects, Ovarian Neoplasms etiology, Ovarian Neoplasms genetics, Ovarian Neoplasms veterinary, Ovary pathology, Ovary radiation effects, Rodent Diseases genetics, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Chorionic Gonadotropin metabolism, Follicle Stimulating Hormone metabolism, Ovarian Neoplasms metabolism, Ovary metabolism
- Abstract
Genetic and irradiation models of ovarian tumorigenesis were investigated for evidence that elevated gonadotropins have a role in tumorigenesis. Wx/Wv mice lack oocytes at birth, develop complex mesothelial adenomas by 6 mo, and additional ovarian tumor types later. Uptake of iodinated human chorionic gonadotropin (125I-hCG) was measured in mice aged 1 to 30 mo, and uptake iodinated human follicle-stimulating hormone (125I-hFSH) was measured in mice aged 1 to 12 mo. Gonadotropin uptake by Wx/Wv ovaries in vivo declined quickly and was undetectable by 6 mo. Irradiated ovaries rapidly lost oocytes and follicular structures, formed mesothelial adenomas by 5 mo, and later formed additional types of ovarian tumors. In the irradiation model, 125I-hCG uptake also declined quickly and was undetectable by 3 mo of age. Neither the surface nor the tubular epithelium of the mesothelial adenoma were consistently labeled by 125I-hCG in autoradiography studies with either model. Although these data do not exclude an acute role for gonadotropins in initiation of preneoplastic events, they do indicate that ovarian cells do not require chronic gonadotropin stimulation during subsequent tumorigenesis. These findings are discussed in relation to additional models of ovarian tumorigenesis.
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
194. Some characteristics of mutant Han-Wistar rats which exhibit paresis and paralysis.
- Author
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Osborne NN and Sontag KH
- Subjects
- Animals, Corpus Striatum metabolism, Electromyography, Female, Male, Paralysis genetics, Paralysis metabolism, Paralysis physiopathology, Paresis genetics, Paresis metabolism, Paresis physiopathology, Rats metabolism, Rats physiology, Rodent Diseases genetics, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Rodent Diseases physiopathology, Mutation, Paralysis veterinary, Paresis veterinary, Rats genetics
- Published
- 1978
195. Significance of anomalous thermoregulation in the pre-diabetic spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus): oxygen consumption and temperature regulation.
- Author
-
Wise PH
- Subjects
- Animals, Fasting, Female, Male, Mice, Motor Activity, Prediabetic State metabolism, Prediabetic State physiopathology, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Rodentia physiology, Temperature, Body Temperature Regulation, Oxygen Consumption, Prediabetic State veterinary, Rodent Diseases physiopathology
- Abstract
In keeping with studies of other desert rodents, the potentially diabetic spiny mouse has been demonstrated to have a very low basal metabolic rate, disproportionate to its body weight. The maintenance of a lower body temperature in response to high environmental temperatures and a lack of increase in metabolic rate in response to cooling have also been demonstrated. Assessments of "mechanical efficiency" have shown that spiny mice carry a potential selective advantage under fasting conditions. The findings, some of which are similar to those noted in other desert rodents, and in other species showing either spontaneous or induced hyperglycaemia, suggest that the low metabolic rate is at least partly based on ineffective glucose utilization. This phenomenon may be the common denominator of the survival advantage which has allowed both the successful evolution of species inhabiting warm, arid climes, and the persistence of the diabetic genotype in animal and human populations.
- Published
- 1977
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
196. [Biological study of spontaneous amyloidosis in PS mice].
- Author
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Koeger AC, Branellec A, Hirbec G, Blouquit Y, Mouriquand C, Sobel A, and Lagrue G
- Subjects
- Amyloid immunology, Amyloid isolation & purification, Amyloidosis metabolism, Animals, Kidney analysis, Liver analysis, Mice, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Serum Amyloid A Protein isolation & purification, Spleen analysis, Amyloid analysis, Amyloidosis veterinary, Mice, Inbred Strains metabolism
- Abstract
A remarkably severe spontaneous amyloidosis involving multiple organs has characterized the inbred PS mouse strain since the 25th generation. The amyloid substance was extracted with H2O and purified by successive gel filtrations on Sephadex G100, Sephadex G10 and Biogel P4. It was submitted to biochemical, immunochemical and histochemical analysis in order to determine its origin. Potassium permanganate resistance of the affinity for Congo Red dye, aminoacid composition, cross-reactivity with anti-mouse light chains antisera suggested an amyloidogenic process comparable to that described for the AL substance in man. However, even if abnormal lymphoid infiltrates were present in several organs, the presence of M component could not be demonstrated in serum or urine of these mice. This indicated either a limited tumoral mass or a tumor poorly secreting a precursor that would be strongly amyloidogenic. Alternatively, the existence of a so far unidentified precursor could not be excluded.
- Published
- 1984
197. Impaired hormonal regulation of lipolysis and the interference with adenosine in adipose tissue from hyperglycemic sand rats in vitro.
- Author
-
Knospe S and Köhler E
- Subjects
- Adenosine Deaminase pharmacology, Animals, Cyclic AMP metabolism, Hyperglycemia veterinary, In Vitro Techniques, Insulin blood, Norepinephrine antagonists & inhibitors, Phentolamine pharmacology, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Theophylline pharmacology, Adenosine metabolism, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Arvicolinae metabolism, Hyperglycemia metabolism, Lipolysis drug effects, Norepinephrine physiology
- Abstract
Sand rats (Psammomys obesus) developed in response to different food intake various states of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinism. 12 normo- and 10 hyperglycemic animals were selected by means of a weekly control of plasma glucose and plasma insulin over a period of 12 weeks after separation from the mother. During this time also the development of body weight gain was checked. In both groups of rats the hormonal regulation of glycerol release by incubated adipose tissue was investigated. In any case, the fat tissue from hyperglycemic sand rats showed a lower lipolytic responsiveness to noradrenaline stimulation than that of their normoglycemic controls. This correlates well with previous results in hyperglycemic sand rats in which the catecholamine-stimulated cAMP production was disturbed (Knospe and Köhler 1981). Degradation of released adenosine by addition of adenosine deaminase significantly enhanced the noradrenaline action on glycerol release in both groups of sand rats. Even though the noradrenaline-stimulated lipolytic activity of adipose tissue from normo- and hyperglycemic animals was enhanced in the presence of adenosine deaminase, the hormone resistance of adipose tissue from hyperglycemic sand rats was nevertheless not abolished. The theophylline-mediated adenosine receptor blockade gave further evidence that particularly endogenous adenosine released during incubation of adipose tissue from sand rats inhibited the noradrenaline action on lipolysis. The antilipolytic action of insulin on glycerol release is negligibly low in normoglycemic as well as hyperglycemic sand rats. The degradation of adenosine by adenosine deaminase failed to improve the insulin action. Adenosine addition completely blocked the stimulating effects of noradrenaline on glycerol release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
198. Inherited disorders of rd mice and affected Irish setter dogs: evaluation of transducin and cGMP-phosphodiesterase.
- Author
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Lolley RN, Navon SE, Fung BK, and Lee RH
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Mutation, Photoreceptor Cells pathology, Retinal Degeneration enzymology, Retinal Degeneration genetics, Retinal Degeneration pathology, Transducin, 3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases metabolism, Dog Diseases metabolism, Dogs genetics, Membrane Proteins metabolism, Mice, Mutant Strains genetics, Retinal Degeneration veterinary, Rodent Diseases metabolism
- Published
- 1987
199. Urinary calculi in Lewis and Wistar rats.
- Author
-
Kuhlmann ET and Longnecker DS
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Food, Fortified, Magnesium analysis, Male, Phosphates analysis, Rats, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Species Specificity, Struvite, Urinary Calculi epidemiology, Urinary Calculi metabolism, Magnesium Compounds, Rats, Inbred F344, Rats, Inbred Lew, Rats, Inbred Strains, Retinoids administration & dosage, Rodent Diseases epidemiology, Urinary Calculi veterinary
- Abstract
A high incidence (8/892) of urinary tract calculi was encountered during a study involving rats being fed diets supplemented with retinoids. When the incidence was compared to that observed in earlier studies without retinoid supplements and spanning several years (2/2998), the incidence in the current study was significantly higher. Possible causative factors such as age, sex, strain, diet and carcinogen or retinoid treatment have been analyzed without a clear explanation for the increased incidence. The data suggest that retinoid treatment increased the risk of stone formation, but that retinoids were less important than some other unidentified factor(s) that operated during the recent period.
- Published
- 1984
200. Histological and histochemical studies of myocardial lesions in BALBc/Cr mice.
- Author
-
Bellini O, Casazza AM, and di Marco A
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Heart Ventricles pathology, Histocytochemistry, Male, Mice, Myocarditis metabolism, Myocarditis pathology, Rodent Diseases metabolism, Mice, Inbred Strains, Myocarditis veterinary, Rodent Diseases pathology
- Abstract
Myocardial lesions were noticed in BALBc/Cr mice during experiments with Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV). A study was initiated using unifected BALBc/Cr mice to determine whether these lesions were the result of a viral infection. Sixty percent of the females and 30% of the males used were found to have macroscopic lesions (mainly white spots on the right ventricle). The reported lesions were studied both histologically and histochemically. The animals were also examined for parasites such as Toxoplasma and tapeworm larvae, and were found negative. The investigation, which is still in progress, demonstrates the spontaneity of myocardial lesions in BALBc/Cr mice.
- Published
- 1976
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