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154. Identification and quantification of methanogenic Archaea in adult chicken ceca

Author

Saengkerdsub, Suwat, Anderson, Robin C., Wilkinson, Heather H., Woo-Kyun Kim, Nisbet, David J., and Ricke, Steven C.

Subjects
Archaeabacteria -- Research, Chickens -- Physiological aspects, Chickens -- Research, Ribosomal RNA -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

The methanogenic archaea found in the ceca of leghorn chicken were quantitatively studied for phylogeny based on the 16S rRNA gene studies. Methanobrevibacter woesei is the major species found in the chicken ceca.

Published
2007

155. Impact of Prebiotics on Poultry Production and Food Safety

Author

Ricke, Steven C.

Subjects
Gastrointestinal Tract, Food Safety, Prebiotics, Salmonella, bran, food and beverages, Animals, Review, Poultry production, avian microbiome, Poultry, Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Abstract

With the phasing out of routine use of antibiotics in animal agriculture, interest has grown for the need to develop feed supplements that augment commercial poultry performance and provide food safety benefits. From a food safety perspective, alternative feed supplements can be broadly categorized as either agents which reduce or eliminate already colonized foodborne pathogens or prevent colonization of incoming pathogens. Prebiotics are considered preventative agents since they select for gastrointestinal microbiota which not only benefits the host but can serve as a barrier to pathogen colonization. In poultry, prebiotics can elicit both indirect effects on the bird by shifting the composition and fermentation patterns of the gastrointestinal microbiota or directly by influencing host systems such as immune responses. Generation of short chain fatty acids is believed to be a primary inhibitory mechanism against pathogens when prebiotics are fermented by gastrointestinal bacteria, but other mechanisms such as interference with attachment can occur as well. While most of the impact of the prebiotic is believed to occur in the lower parts of the bird gastrointestinal tract, particularly the ceca, it is possible that some microbial hydrolysis could occur in upper sections such as the crop. Development of next generation sequencing has increased the resolution of identifying gastrointestinal organisms that are involved in metabolism of prebiotics either directly or indirectly. Novel sources of non-digestible oligosaccharides such as cereal grain brans are being explored for potential use in poultry to limit Salmonella establishment. This review will cover the current applications and prospects for use of prebiotics in poultry to improve performance and limit pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract.

Published
2018

157. Contributors

Author

Akujuobi, Cajetan M., primary, Ambuken, P.V., additional, Asmatulu, E., additional, Asmatulu, Ramazan, additional, Beyle, Andrey, additional, Blatchley, Charles C., additional, Fazarro, Dominick E., additional, Fitzsimmons, Verna, additional, Gou, Jihua, additional, Hanning, Irene, additional, Haynes, H., additional, Khan, Waseem S., additional, Kumar, G., additional, Newberry, Deb, additional, Nguyen, P., additional, Pallem, V., additional, Rabbani Esfahani, M., additional, Ricke, Steven C., additional, Scoville, Stanley, additional, Srikanth, Madhulika, additional, Stretz, H.A., additional, Trybula, Walt, additional, Zhang, B., additional, and Zhuge, Jinfeng, additional

Published
2013
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164. Organic Meat Marketing

Author

Van Loo, Ellen J., primary, Caputo, Vincenzina, additional, Nayga, Rodolfo M., additional, Canavari, Maurizio, additional, and Ricke, Steven C., additional

Published
2012
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174. Contributors

Author

Alighieri, Giovanni, primary, Anadón, Arturo, additional, Bibas Bonet, María Eugenia, additional, Brunser, Oscar, additional, Budak, Alicja, additional, Buddendick, Kirsten, additional, Bunselmeyer, Britta, additional, Caballero, Virginia, additional, Cao, Hong, additional, Carey, Christine M., additional, Castellano, Victor, additional, Champagne, Claude, additional, Chen, Jian Jun, additional, Collado, Maria Carmen, additional, Comalada, Mònica, additional, de Aguilar-Nascimento, José Eduardo, additional, de Marco, Guido, additional, de Moreno de LeBlanc, Alejandra, additional, de Vrese, Michael, additional, Dowhower Karpa, Kelly, additional, Farnworth, Edward R., additional, Feleszko, Wojciech, additional, Fernández-López, Juana, additional, Fitzpatrick, Leo R., additional, Franceschi, Francesco, additional, Fukushima, Yoichi, additional, Gálvez, Julio, additional, Gasbarrini, Antonio, additional, Gatesoupe, Joel, additional, Gérard, Philippe, additional, Gigante, Giovanni, additional, Giupponi, Bianca, additional, Gotteland, Martin, additional, Gueimonde, Miguel, additional, Hanning, Irene B., additional, Hirayama, Kazuhiro, additional, Huang, Sheng-He, additional, Hurt, Eva, additional, Jaworska, Joanna, additional, Jong, Ambrose, additional, Kelly, Dowhower Karpa, additional, Kostrzynska, Magdalena, additional, Lara-Villaslada, Federico, additional, LeBlanc, Jean Guy, additional, Lingbeck, Jody M., additional, Lodemann, Ulrike, additional, Looijer-van Langen, Mirjam, additional, Macfarlane, Sandra, additional, Mach, Tomasz, additional, Madsen, Karen, additional, Martínez-Larrañaga, Maria Rosa, additional, Moreno-Villares, Jose M., additional, Nomoto, Koji, additional, Offick, B., additional, Olivares, Mónica, additional, Parkes, Gareth C., additional, Perdigón, Gabriela, additional, Pérez-Alvarez, José Angel, additional, Pupin, Antonio Marcos, additional, Rabot, Sylvie, additional, Ricke, Steven C., additional, Roccarina, Davide, additional, Sai, Ika, additional, Salminen, Seppo, additional, Salvatore, Silvia, additional, Santacruz, Arlette, additional, Sanz, Yolanda, additional, Sayas-Barberá, Estrella, additional, Scorrano, Antonio, additional, Sendra Nadal, Esther, additional, Sesma, Fernando, additional, Sleator, Roy D., additional, Smolyansky, Julie, additional, Trois, Livia, additional, Vandenplas, Yvan, additional, Veereman-Wauters, Gigi, additional, Xaus, Jordi, additional, Zuppa, Antonio Alberto, additional, and Zwolińska-Wcislo, Malgorzata, additional

Published
2010
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189. Feed deprivation affects crop environment and modulates Salmonella enteritidis colonization and invasion of leghorn hens

Author

Durant, Juliet A., Corrier, Donald E., Byrd, J. Allen, Stanker, Larry H., and Ricke, Steven C.

Subjects
Chickens -- Physiological aspects, Animal feeding and feeds -- Physiological aspects, Molting -- Physiological aspects, Salmonella enteritidis -- Physiological aspects, Biological invasions -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Changes in the microenvironment of a crop caused by feed deprivation are significant regulators of the survival of Salmonella enteritidis and influence the susceptibility of molted hens to S enteritidis infections. This was gleaned from a study of the physiological changes in the crop associated with molt induced by feed withdrawal. Results showed that feed withdrawal alters the microenvironment of the crop by causing substantial reductions in the Lactobacillus population and in lactate and total volatile fatty acid concentrations and an increase in pH. Such changes of the crop environment were found to be accompanied by increased S enteritidis colonization of the crop and cecum with invasion of the spleen and liver.

Published
1999

190. Food and Feed Safety Systems and Analysis

Author

Ricke, Steven C, Ricke, Steven C, Ricke, Steven C, and Ricke, Steven C

Abstract

Food and Feed Safety Systems and Analysis discusses the integration of food safety with recent research developments in food borne pathogens. The book covers food systems, food borne ecology, how to conduct research on food safety and food borne pathogens, and developing educational materials to train incoming professionals in the field. Topics include data analysis and cyber security for food safety systems, control of food borne pathogens and supply chain logistics. The book uniquely covers current food safety perspectives on integrating food systems concepts into pet food manufacturing, as well as data analyses aspects of food systems.Explores cutting edge research about emerging issues associated with food safetyIncludes new research on understanding foodborne Salmonella, Listeria and E. coliPresents foodborne pathogens and whole genome sequencing applicationsProvides concepts and issues related to pet and animal feed safety

Published
2017

191. PSII-9 Whole genome sequences of two nitrate-reducing strains of Selenomonas ruminantiumisolated from the rumen

Author

Costello, Margaret K, Ricke, Steven C, McClure, Jennifer, and Anderson, Robin C

Abstract

Selenomonas ruminantiumis a functionally diverse, non-fibrolytic member of the rumen microbial community with two subspecies: lactilyticaand ruminantium. Some strains of S. ruminantiumcan reduce nitrate and nitrite, which may be associated with ruminal fiber degradation and, thus, greater forage diets. Most work done with S. ruminantiumhas been culture-based, with less genomic and functional data. Here, we performed whole genome sequencing with an Oxford Nanopore GridION on two isolated, nitrate-reducing strains of S. ruminantiumto provide complete genomic data and determine the nitrogen usage functional capacities of these novel strains. The two isolated strains, 223 and 231, were shipped on dry ice to the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where they were grown, pelleted, and observed under a microscope to determine purity. The samples were processed with a 3 min bead-beating step before extraction with the Zymo Quick-DNA High Molecular Weight MagBead Kit. Subsequently, the extracted samples underwent a quality assessment step before moving into library preparation for Oxford Nanopore sequencing. The two libraries were then loaded onto two R9.4.1 flow cells per library and were sequenced on an Oxford Nanopore GridION for 72 h. The data were extracted from the GridION, and the combined passed reads from each of the two flow cells per library were assembled with Canu and Flye, long-read de novo genome assemblers designed for noisy, single-molecule sequences. The assembled genomes were compared with a reference S. ruminantiumgenome with Quast, a quality assessment tool that evaluates assembly accuracy. Finally, the assembled genomes with the highest accuracy were analyzed with prodigal to generate protein-coding gene predictions and then with BLAST to assign functional predictions. For each strain, a different assembly was used. The Canu assembly of strain 223 had greater accuracy rates at 3205.23 mismatches per 100 kbp, while the Flye assembly of strain 231 had 2494.40 mismatches per 100 kbp. The two strains had similar genome sizes: 3,098,553 base pairs for strain 223 and 3,138,614 base pairs for strain 231. Strain 223 had less GC content than strain 231 of 51.02%, while strain 231 had a GC content of 52.80%, which were both less than the 50.68% GC content of the reference genome. These genomes provide a resource for understanding nitrate reduction in the rumen and work to build a better database for analyzing the rumen microbiome.

Published
2024
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192. Meat fermentation; research opportunities

Author

Prochaska, Jerry F., Ricke, Steven C., and Keeton, Jimmy T.

Subjects
Food research -- Methods, Food handling -- Research, Chemical industry -- Research, Business, Food and beverage industries
Abstract

Food technologists are developing superior methods to prepare fermented meat products. Numerous research opportunities exist in the meat fermentation sector involving food safety, quality assurance and nutrition. Enhanced safety methods have been established to assess pathogenicity in meat products. Further work is required to identify pathogenic organisms before product processing.

Published
1998

194. Diet and carcinogen alter the fecal microbial populations of rats

Author

Maciorowski, Kenneth G., Turner, Nancy D., Lupton, Joanne R., Chapkin, Robert S., Shermer, Casendra L., Ha, Sang D., and Ricke, Steven C.

Subjects
Feces -- Microbiology, Rats -- Physiological aspects, Diet -- Physiological aspects, Carcinogens -- Physiological aspects, Colon (Anatomy) -- Physiological aspects, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

An analysis of viable bacterial populations enumerated on carbohydrate selective media was used to simulate the colonic environment in vitro and determine if differential media could detect significant microbial shifts due to dietary fiber source, dietary fat source, and carcinogen. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were provided with either pectin or cellulose as a fiber source, either corn or fish oil as a source of fatty acids, and injected with either azoxymethane (AOM), a gastrointestinal carcinogen, or saline in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design. At 6 and 10 mo of age, fresh feces were collected, homogenized in anaerobic buffer and anaerobically plated onto differential media. Diets containing pectin supported more anaerobes at 6 mo of age (P < 0.01) than diets containing cellulose. Rats injected with AOM and consuming either pectin or corn oil supported more anaerobes at 10 mo of age (P < 0.05) than rats injected with saline and consuming the same diets. Rats consuming cellulose and receiving AOM but not expressing tumors possessed larger anaerobic populations at 10 mo of age (P < 0.05) than rats consuming cellulose, injected with AOM and expressing tumors. These effects show that gastrointestinal bacterial populations, as measured by carbohydrate specific media, respond to dietary changes such as dietary fiber source, and thus may play a key role in the etiology of colon cancer. KEY WORDS: * azoxymethane * bacteria * colon * fiber * rats * cancer

Published
1997

196. Phenotypic characterization of a tungsten-tolerant mutant of Azotobacter vinelandii

Author

Premakumar, R., Jacobitz, Susanne, Ricke, Steven C., and Bishop, Paul E.

Subjects
Nitrogenase -- Genetic aspects, Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms -- Genetic aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

Characterization of a tungsten-tolerant mutant (CA6) of the diazotroph Azotobacter vinelandii based on the results of growth experiments showed that CA6 requires nitrogenases 1 and 3 for growth in nitrogen (N)-free medium containing Na2MoO4. The wild-type strain CA repressed the transcription of the anfHDGK gene cluster, which encode the nitrogenase enzymes. This suggests that expression of nitrogenases is dependent on the presence of molybdenum.

Published
1996

197. Occurrence of airborne bacteria and pathogen indicators during land application of sewage sludge

Author

Pillai, Suresh D., Widmer, Kenneth W., Dowd, Scot E., and Ricke, Steven C.

Subjects
Pathogenic microorganisms -- Identification and classification, Sewage sludge -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Glass impingers used to detect the presence of sludge-derived airborne bacteria and pathogen indicators show that sludge application sites contain no airborne Clostridium spp., somatic coliphages, fecal coliforms, or fecal streptococci. The concentration of airborne heterotrophic bacteria is 10 to the fifth power CFU/cu m. Hydrogen sulfide producers and pathogenic clostridia occur on the sites where there is physical agitation of the sludge material. A 16S-23S interspacer region used in PCR-based ribotyping shows that the airborne and the sludge bacteria are genetically distinct.

Published
1996

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