151. Short- and long-term outcomes of gestational diabetes and its treatment on fetal development.
- Author
-
Murray SR and Reynolds RM
- Subjects
- Adult, Child, Child Development drug effects, Child Development physiology, Female, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents pharmacology, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects chemically induced, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects epidemiology, Diabetes, Gestational drug therapy, Diabetes, Gestational epidemiology, Fetal Development drug effects, Hypoglycemic Agents therapeutic use, Pregnancy Outcome epidemiology
- Abstract
Globally the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is rising mainly due to the increase in maternal obesity. A number of different methods to screen for and diagnose GDM have been described although consensus on the preferred methods does not yet exist. GDM has significant short- and long-term health risks for the mother, developing fetus and the children born to mothers with GDM. Short-term risks for the fetus include macrosomia (excessive birthweight), shoulder dystocia, birth trauma, and hypoglycaemia in the immediate postpartum period. Long-term risks for offspring born to mothers with GDM include increased rates of childhood and adulthood obesity and an increased cardiometabolic risk. A number of pharmacological treatments for GDM have been identified, these include insulin and oral glucose-lowering drugs metformin and glibenclamide. Whilst these oral glucose-lowering drugs show similar short-term childhood outcomes to insulin there is increasing evidence that these drugs may have adverse long-term outcomes on children and adults exposed to the drugs in utero. Future research on treatments for GDM should include long-term follow- up of children exposed to glucose lowering medication in utero to determine the long-term cardiometabolic risk in the offspring born to mothers with GDM., (© 2020 The Authors. Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2020
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