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Durante las últimas décadas, las poblaciones de cauquenes (Chloephaga sp.) en Argentina han disminuido drásticamente. En Bahía Franklin, Isla de los Estados, se registraron y estudiaron 21 nidos de Cauquén Común (Chloephaga picta) y 4 de Cauquén Real (Chloephaga poliocephala). Todos los nidos estaban ubicados en el suelo en sectores de pendiente muy baja. La distancia entre nidos fue de 216.6 y 973 m, su densidad de 0.10 y 0.02 nidos/ha y el tamaño promedio de puesta de 5.4 y 4.7 huevos para el Cauquén Común y el Cauquén Real, respectivamente. Los nidos estaban ubicados principalmente en el turbal graminoideo, seguido por el pastizal y el arbustal. Las plantas predominantes en las inmediaciones del nido fueron Marsippospermum grandiflorum, Poa flabellata, Empetrum rubrum y Chiliotrichum diffusum, con una altura promedio de la vegetación de 72 cm en los nidos del Cauquén Común y 97 cm en los del Cauquén Real, y una baja cobertura. Se observó una asociación espacial interespecífica, posiblemente de tipo “nidificación protectora”, entre ambos cauquenes con el Pingüino Penacho Amarillo (Eudyptes chrysocome) y el Pingüino Patagónico (Spheniscus magellanicus). En el sur de la Patagonia, los perros (Canis lupus familiaris) y el visón americano (Neovison vison), entre otras especies nativas y exóticas, están provocando consecuencias negativas para la nidificación de los cauquenes. La Isla de los Estados aún no ha sido colonizada por estos predadores, lo que la hace un sitio de importancia para la reproducción y conservación de estas aves amenazadas. During the last decades wild geese (Chloephaga sp.) populations in Argentina have decreased dramatically. We recorded and studied 21 nests from the Upland Goose (Chloephaga picta) and 4 from the Ashy-headed Goose (Chloephaga poliocephala) in Bahía Franklin, Staten Island. All the nests were located on the ground in low slope areas. Distances between nests were 216.6 and 973 m, nest densities were 0.10 and 0.02 nests/ha, and clutch size was 5.4 and 4.7 eggs for the Upland Goose and the Ashyheaded Goose, respectively. Nests were located mainly on the graminoid bog, followed by grasslands and shrubby areas. Predominant plants near the nest were Marsippospermum grandiflorum, Poa flabellata, Empetrum rubrum and Chiliotrichum diffusum, with an average vegetation height of 72 cm for nests of the Upland Goose and 97 cm for nests of the Ashy-headed Goose, and low cover. We observed an interspecific spatial association between both species and the Rockhopper Penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome) and the Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus), possibly from the type “protective nesting”. In southern Patagonia dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and the American mink (Neovison vison), among other native and exotic predators, have negative consequences for the nesting geese. Staten Island has not been yet colonized by these predators, thus highlighting the relevance of this site for the reproduction and conservation of these endangered species.

The statistical properties of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image texture reveals useful target characteristics. It is well-known that these images are affected by speckle, and prone to contamination as double bounce and corner reflectors. The $\mathcal{G}^0$ distribution is flexible enough to model different degrees of texture in speckled data. It is indexed by three parameters: $\alpha$, related to the texture, $\gamma$, a scale parameter, and $L$, the number of looks which is related to the signal-to-noise ratio. Quality estimation of $\alpha$ is essential due to its immediate interpretability. In this article, we compare the behavior of a number of parameter estimation techniques in the noisiest case, namely single look data. We evaluate them using Monte Carlo methods for non-contaminated and contaminated data, considering convergence rate, bias, mean squared error (MSE) and computational cost. The results are verified with simulated and actual SAR images.

La Società di Gestione delle Attività (da ora in poi SGA), in circa vent’anni di attività, ha recuperato quasi integralmente i crediti di difficile recupero acquistati dal Banco di Napoli nel 1996, accumulando un serbatoio di liquidità che ad oggi ammonta a circa 500 milioni di euro. Si tratta di un risultato eccellente e senza precedenti in Italia, anche se raggiunto in tempi non brevi. Infatti, mentre i primi sei esercizi (1997-2002) sono stati chiusi con un’ingente perdita di 3,7 miliardi di euro, dal 2003 in poi la bad bank napoletana ha iniziato a macinare profitti, chiudendo in utile dodici esercizi su tredici, il cui destino è tuttora al centro di un forte dibattito nazionale. Attraverso l’analisi di tutti i bilanci della SGA e con il supporto delle testimonianze di alcuni managers della stessa, si è provato a evidenziare gli aspetti salienti della metamorfosi della SGA

Essendo trascorsi venti anni dalla sua costituzione, è oggi possibile analizzare i risultati ottenuti dalla SGA, Società per la Gestione delle Attività del Banco di Napoli. Tale società, anche nota come la “bad bank” del Banco di Napoli, nel 1996 acquistò per 6,4 miliardi di euro crediti e attività di (presunto) difficile realizzo del Banco di Napoli. Lo studio, condotto attraverso l’esame dei bilanci annuali della SGA e interviste ai managers della stessa, evidenzia una storia di successo, atteso che, ad oggi, ha quasi completato il recupero delle attività, realizzando inizialmente delle perdite fino al 2003, anno a partire dal quale ha sempre (tranne che per un esercizio) conseguito utili. Attualmente la società dispone di circa 500 milioni di Euro di liquidità, somma che ha attirato l’interesse del MEF il quale nel maggio 2016 ha esercitato il pegno sulle azioni della Sga detenuto proprio in virtù del piano di “salvataggio” del Banco di Napoli, rilevando da Intesa Sanpaolo il 100% delle azioni della società per un importo di 600 mila euro. Questa circostanza ha stimolato un intenso dibattito anche sulla stampa nazionale sull’opportunità di utilizzare questa ingente liquidità per investirla nel fondo Atlante, destinato ad acquisire i crediti in sofferenza delle banche italiane (del centronord); alcuni studiosi, infatti, ritengono che si tratti di somme che nella controversa operazione di “salvataggio” (ovvero di “svendita” secondo questa ricostruzione) del Banco di Napoli sono state di fatto sottratte all’economia del Mezzogiorno. La ricerca analizza i fattori di successo della SGA, la cui attività si inquadra in contesto storico molto peculiare e che si è certamente giovata dell’apprezzamento del valore degli immobili dovuti all’introduzione all’euro e della crescita economica registrata almeno fino all’anno 2007. In ogni caso appare ancora valida l’osservazione secondo cui l’attività delle bad banks va valutata in un arco temporale alquanto lungo (almeno un decennio, se non di più).

Lamotrigine (LTG) is currently indicated as adjunctive therapy for focal and generalized tonic-clonic seizures and for treatment of bipolar disorder and neuropathic pain. A common concern with LTG in children is the frequency of appearance of skin rash. The intensity of this adverse effect can vary from transient mild rash to Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS), which can be fatal mainly when LTG is coadministered with valproic acid (VPA). Hereby, we present the case of an 8-year-old boy who suffered from SJS and other complications two weeks after LTG was added to his VPA treatment in order to control his seizures. VPA is known to decrease LTG clearance via reduced glucuronidation. In this case, the minor elimination pathway of LTG would play a more important role, and the formation of an arene oxide metabolite would be enhanced. As this reactive metabolite is detoxified mainly by enzymatic reactions, involving microsomal epoxide hydrolase and/or GSH-S-transferases and these enzymes are polymorphically expressed in humans, arene oxide toxicity is increased when epoxide hydrolase or GSH-S-transferases is either defective or inhibited or a depletion of intracellular glutathione levels is taking place. VPA can cause inhibition of epoxide hydrolase enzymes and/or depletion of glutathione levels leading to adverse cutaneous reactions.

Negli ultimi anni, la letteratura accademica ha mostrato un crescente interesse circa lo studio delle attività di lobbying sull'International Accounting Standard Board (IASB). L'obiettivo di questa tesi è quello di esaminare l'impatto dell'attività di lobbying sullo IASB e determinare le caratteristiche dei lobbisti attraverso l'ottenimento di evidenze statistiche, focalizzandosi sull'emanazione del principio contabile IFRS 16 - Leases. Dopo aver analizzato l'evoluzione storica dello IASB e quella contabile relativa all'operazione di leasing, e dopo aver svolto una literature review circa l'attività di lobbying, ci si sofferma su un'analisi empirica. Per estrapolare i dati necessari all'analisi, è stata svolta una content analysis delle lettere di commento indirizzate al Discussion Paper e ai due Exposure Drafts rilasciati dallo IASB durante l'iter di approvazione dell'IFRS 16. Successivamente, è stata svolta un'analisi statistica empirica attraverso l'utilizzo di un modello di regressione logistico. Coerentemente con gli studi osservati in letteratura, i risultati ottenuti mostrano che i 'preparers' sono il gruppo più attivo. Tuttavia, si riscontra una minore partecipazione dei lobbisti nel momento iniziale (Discussion Paper) del progetto: quest'ultimo non è coerente con la letteratura accademica. Inoltre, le evidenze ottenute mostrano che il successo di un'attività di lobbying dipende dalla credibilità del rispondente. Dall'altro lato, non ci sono evidenze significative che dimostrino che il successo dell'attività di lobbying è positivamente collegata alla capacità del lobbista nel trasferire informazioni allo IASB. Infine, i risultati sottolineano che il sucecesso dell'attività di lobbying è collegato all'impato che il lobbista ha sulla sopravvivenza economica dello IASB.

Human-wildlife dynamics exhibit novel characteristics in the Anthropocene, given the unprecedented degree of globalization that has increased the linkages between habitats and people across space and time. This is largely caused by transnational mobility and migration, international labor, resource markets, and trade. Understanding the relationship between humans and wildlife, and their associated telecoupling processes, helps to promote better management practices and governance for reconciling socioeconomic and conservation interests. Even remote places on the globe exhibit these features. For example, in southern Patagonia’s coastal and marine ecosystems, seabirds are not only very abundant and charismatic members of the wildlife community, nowadays, their colonies are a main tourism attraction of global significance, and in the past they were used for consumptive and scientific purposes that also linked the “uttermost ends of the Earth” with distant places. Thus, in this study, we review human-seabird interactions in the iconic Beagle Channel (BC) in the Argentine portion of the Tierra del Fuego Archipelago. We adapted and employed the coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) approach and telecoupling framework to integrate disparate social and biological information and obtain a more holistic understanding of current human-seabird dynamics and trends in the BC. Although our assessment includes the temporal scale of human-seabird relationships, we centered the CHANS and telecoupling analysis on the modern seabird-tourism interaction, focused on the channel’s Argentine sector, in which tourism is most intensively developed. Our synthesis of the BC’s telecoupled CHANS allowed us to recognize the strong historical local-to-global interactions between both human and natural subsystems and the sharp increase in distance telecoupling during the 20th century. Despite this globalizing trend in seabirds connecting the BC’s local ecosystems to distant places, ironically we found few linkages between Argentina and Chile, despite both countries sharing political sovereignty over this single biogeographical unit. Recognizing and studying the telecouplings identified in this study would help multilateral efforts to incorporate the spillover systems (especially with Chile) and sending systems (i.e., transnational tourists’ countries of origin) into extant regional policies (e.g., state protected areas) and global initiatives (e.g., the United Nations’ sustainable development goals). It would also enable more informed decisions regarding specific proposals based on market-based incentives (e.g., payment for ecosystem services), certification schemes (e.g., Distintivo Onashaga) and participatory approaches (e.g., comanagement of natural resources with local communities). Integrating these scales into the management of the BC would help ensure that humans continue to enjoy meaningful relationships with this unique and charismatic wildlife and at the same time reinforce responsible tourism as a local-global strategy for sustainable development and global conservation. Fil: Raya Rey, Andrea Nélida. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Pizarro Pinochet, Jose Cristobal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad de Concepción; Chile Fil: Anderson, Christopher Brian. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Huettmann, Falk. University Of Alaska; Estados Unidos

Traballo fin de grao (UDC.DER). Dereito. Curso 2016/2017

Background and Goal of Study:Several studies have suggested worse outcomes for patients requiring medical care at night or on weekends. The objectives of this study was to compare technical difficulty of intubation and the incidence of complications of in-hours versus off-hours intubated patients.Materials andMethods:All intubations performed in our Critical Care Unit during a 23-month period were entered into a prospective collected quality control database. Our main outcomes of interest were compare technical difficulty of intubation, and the incidence of major complications of in-hours versus off-hours intubated patiens. Off-hours intubations included patients who were intubated at nighttime (8.00 PM-7.59 AM) plus weekends/holidays whereas the in-hours intubations included regular daytime weekdays (Monday to Friday: 8:00 AM-7:59 PM).Results and discussion:Over the 23-month study period (November 2014-September 2016), a total of 219 patients were intubated, of which 107 (48,8%) were intubated during off hours and 112 (51,2%) were intubated in hours. No difference were observed between the two groups in technical difficulty of intubation and in the incidence of major complications. Results are presented in table 1. Recently Ono et al (2) found an association between off hours and airway-related complications in a community emergency department in Japan. They imply the need to improve consistent care during nights and weekends.Conclusion:In the present study, u201coff hoursu201d intubations were not associated with an increase in technical difficulty of intubation and in the incidence of major complications. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.References:(1) Cavallazzi R, Marik PE, Hirani A, el al. Association between time of admission to the ICU ad mortality: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Chest 2010; 138: 68-75(2) Ono Y, Sugiyama T, Chida Y, et al. Association between off-hour presentation and endotracheal-intubation-related adverse events in trauma patients with a predicted difficult airway: a historical cohort study at a community emergency department in Japan. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2016; 24: 106

Durante las últimas décadas, las poblaciones de cauquenes (Chloephaga sp.) en Argentina han disminuido drásticamente. En Bahía Franklin, Isla de los Estados, se registraron y estudiaron 21 nidos de Cauquén Común (Chloephaga picta) y 4 de Cauquén Real (Chloephaga poliocephala). Todos los nidos estaban ubicados en el suelo en sectores de pendiente muy baja. La distancia entre nidos fue de 216.6 y 973 m, su densidad de 0.10 y 0.02 nidos/ha y el tamaño promedio de puesta de 5.4 y 4.7 huevos para el Cauquén Común y el Cauquén Real, respectivamente. Los nidos estaban ubicados principalmente en el turbal graminoideo, seguido por el pastizal y el arbustal. Las plantas predominantes en las inmediaciones del nido fueron Marsippospermum grandiflorum, Poa flabellata, Empetrum rubrum y Chiliotrichum diffusum, con una altura promedio de la vegetación de 72 cm en los nidos del Cauquén Común y 97 cm en los del Cauquén Real, y una baja cobertura. Se observó una asociación espacial interespecífica, posiblemente de tipo “nidificación protectora”, entre ambos cauquenes con el Pingüino Penacho Amarillo (Eudyptes chrysocome) y el Pingüino Patagónico (Spheniscus magellanicus). En el sur de la Patagonia, los perros (Canis lupus familiaris) y el visón americano (Neovison vison), entre otras especies nativas y exóticas, están provocando consecuencias negativas para la nidificación de los cauquenes. La Isla de los Estados aún no ha sido colonizada por estos predadores, lo que la hace un sitio de importancia para la reproducción y conservación de estas aves amenazadas. During the last decades wild geese (Chloephaga sp.) populations in Argentina have decreased dramatically. We recorded and studied 21 nests from the Upland Goose (Chloephaga picta) and 4 from the Ashy-headed Goose (Chloephaga poliocephala) in Bahía Franklin, Staten Island. All the nests were located on the ground in low slope areas. Distances between nests were 216.6 and 973 m, nest densities were 0.10 and 0.02 nests/ha, and clutch size was 5.4 and 4.7 eggs for the Upland Goose and the Ashyheaded Goose, respectively. Nests were located mainly on the graminoid bog, followed by grasslands and shrubby areas. Predominant plants near the nest were Marsippospermum grandiflorum, Poa flabellata, Empetrum rubrum and Chiliotrichum diffusum, with an average vegetation height of 72 cm for nests of the Upland Goose and 97 cm for nests of the Ashy-headed Goose, and low cover. We observed an interspecific spatial association between both species and the Rockhopper Penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome) and the Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus), possibly from the type “protective nesting”. In southern Patagonia dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and the American mink (Neovison vison), among other native and exotic predators, have negative consequences for the nesting geese. Staten Island has not been yet colonized by these predators, thus highlighting the relevance of this site for the reproduction and conservation of these endangered species. Fil: Petracci, Pablo. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Argentina Fil: Saenz Samaniego, Ricardo Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego; Argentina Fil: Raya Rey, Andrea Nélida. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego; Argentina

En este estudio se estimó la duración de los viajes de alimentación y el tamaño corporal de machos y hembras del Pingüino Patagónico durante el período reproductivo en una colonia del Canal Beagle, Tierra del Fuego, y se determinaron las implicancias de estos parámetros sobre el éxito reproductivo y la calidad de la nidada. La duración de los viajes difirió significativamente entre sexos y entre las distintas etapas reproductivas. Las hembras realizaron viajes más extensos que los machos durante la etapa de incubación. Esto podría deberse a diferencias en las reservas corporales y en capacidades de alimentación relacionadas con su condición corporal. En ambos sexos, los viajes realizados durante la etapa de incubación fueron más prolongados, mientras que los realizados durante el cuidado temprano de pichones fueron más cortos. Los viajes de alimentación tuvieron menor duración cuando los pichones eran más pequeños y necesitaban de un mayor cuidado parental. Se registró un alto valor de éxito reproductivo (1.51 pichones por nido) comparado con el de colonias de las Islas Malvinas y Punta Tombo. Estos resultados podrían explicarse por diferencias en la disponibilidad de alimento en aguas cercanas a la colonia. El tamaño corporal de los padres no se relacionó con el éxito reproductivo. No obstante, las hembras con mayor tamaño corporal produjeron pichones de mayor tamaño al comienzo de la muda y nidadas de mayor calidad. La correlación positiva entre el tamaño de la hembra y el tamaño de los pichones al comienzo de la muda sugiere un aporte importante de las hembras en el desarrollo del pichón. The aim of this work was to study foraging trip duration and body size of male and female Magellanic Penguins during the breeding season and to determine the association of these parameters with both reproductive success and clutch quality in a colony located in the Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego. Trip duration differed significantly between sexes and between breeding stages. Females performed longer trips than males during incubation. We suggest that this could be due to differences in body reserves and foraging capabilities related with their body condition. In both sexes, foraging trips during incubation were longer than in the other stages, while the shortest trips were observed during early chick rearing. Trips were shorter when chicks were smaller and required greater parental care. A high value of reproductive success (1.51 chicks per nest) was recorded in comparison to that observed in colonies from the Malvinas Islands and Punta Tombo. These results could be related to differences in food availability in nearby waters. Body size of parents was not associated with reproductive success. Notwithstanding, larger females produced larger chicks at early moult and clutches of higher quality. The correlation between female body size and chick size at early moult suggests an important contribution of females on chick’s development.

La migraña es la cefalea primaria más frecuente en la infancia y su incidencia aumenta con la edad. Su tratamiento incluye conocer los factores desencadenantes, ajustes en el estilo de vida, manejo de los episodios de cefalea y en algunos casos medicación preventiva. El Topiramato ha mostrado ser eficaz como tratamiento preventivo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la respuesta y la seguridad al tratamiento preventivo con Topiramato en pacientes pediátricos. Estudio prospectivo, realizado entre el 01/04/2008 y el 31/10/2013. Se confeccionó un protocolo de estudio, diagnóstico y seguimiento. Se utilizó Topiramato en pacientes con más de 3 episodios de migraña al mes, considerando buena respuesta la reducción mayor al 50% de los mismos. 190 pacientes consultaron por cefaleas. Un 63.9% presentaban migraña. Un 48% fue tratado con Topiramato, siendo eficaz en un 89.6%. En 2 pacientes no hubo respuesta y en 4 se discontinuó por empeoramiento o efectos secundarios que desaparecieron al discontinuarlo. En conclusión el Topiramato es eficaz y seguro en el tratamiento de la migraña en pediatría Migraine is the most frequent primary headache in pediatric population, and incidence increases with age. Treatment includes know precipitating factors, changes in life style, acute headaches treatment and in some cases preventive medications. Topiramate has proven efficacy in preventive treatment. The objective of this work was to assess response and safety of Topiramate for migraine in a pediatric population. We made a prospective study, between 04/01/2008 to 10/31/2013. Topiramate was started in patients with 3 or more headache episodes per month and effectiveness was considered when a 50% or more reduction in episodes occurred. 190 patients consulted in this period. 63.9% had migraine. 48% were treated with Topiramate, being effective in 89.6% of patients. In 2 patients there was no response to treatment and in 4 patients treatment was discontinued due to worsening of headaches or secondary effects that disappeared after treatment discontinuation. In conclusion Topiramate is effective and secure for migraine preventive treatment in pediatric population