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153. La consulta popular a la llum de la jurisprudència del Tribunal Constitucional

Author

Loreto Segura i Renau

Subjects
derecho constitucional, democracia, participación popular, participación, referéndum, consulta popular, Law, Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence, K1-7720
Abstract

El concepte de consulta popular ha passat inadvertit tradicionalment en el nostre ordenament jurídic constitucional, sempre a l'ombra i en contraposició amb el concepte de referèndum. L'objecte d'aquest estudi abordarà, per una banda, el punt de partida constitucional del concepte de consulta popular: és l'article 149.1.32 de la Constitució espanyola la porta oberta a la consulta popular?; i, de l'altra, analitzarà l'evolució jurisprudencial del Tribunal Constitucional sobre el concepte de consulta popular i, d'aquesta manera, es coneixerà quin lloc ocupa la consulta popular dins del nostre ordenament. Així mateix, es posa de manifest la nova incorporació d'un instrument autonòmic de participació al que ens referim com a consulta ciutadana. Tot i no entrar en el fons de la qüestió, l'existència d'aquest mecanisme ens porta a qüestionar la distinció entre referèndum i consulta popular, duta a terme fins ara per part de l'intèrpret suprem de la Constitució.

Published
2020
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154. Designing Contemporary Living Spaces: a Feminist Perspective in Urbanism Coming from Col·lectiu Punt 6 in Barcelona

Author

Vera Renau

Subjects
feminist urbanism, col·lectiu punt 6, urban studies, women in design, Drawing. Design. Illustration, NC1-1940, Architectural drawing and design, NA2695-2793
Abstract

Contemporary cities are often considered as a reflection of the society that inhabits in there. Urban planification has been historically shaped considering social, political and economic facts. But are cities designed contemplating every- one essentials and ways of life? How have gender studies and feminist perspec- tives influenced urban planification? Those questions are raised by Col·lectiu Punt 6, an interdisciplinary cooperative of architects, sociologists and urbanists, with different backgrounds, and all of them women, working in Barcelona since 2005. From a feminist perspective, go- ing beyond traditional gender binarism and proposing an intersectional analysis, their theories focus on the consideration of daily life as a central concept in urban planning. This essay attempts to contribute to the dissemination of feminist urbanism the- ories and to illustrate how they have been progressively developed in the specific case of the city of Barcelona.

Published
2020

159. Apuntes de la ecología fluvial de la cuenca del Alto Guadalope en un contexto de conflictividad ambiental y crisis climática

Author

Romero Renau, Luis del, Esteve Roda, Núria, Valera Lozano, Antonio, Romero Renau, Luis del, Esteve Roda, Núria, and Valera Lozano, Antonio

Abstract

El Maestrazgo y la Sierra de Gúdar en Teruel tienen una gran diversidad de ecosistemas, entre los que destacan, además del bosque de ribera y los ecosistemas acuáticos sobre los que nos centraremos en este trabajo, ecosistemas forestales repartidos en varios pisos bioclimáticos. El objetivo de este trabajo es doble. Por un lado, se pretende evaluar el estado de conservación de uno de los territorios de mayor riqueza natural del sur de Aragón como es el ecosistema fluvial del río Guadalope en su tramo alto, y por otro lado proponer un marco de protección con mayor imperativo legal como es el parque natural, figura que en la actualidad no tiene esta provincia. Para ello, la metodología empleada por un lado consistirá en la consulta de la escasa bibliografía especializada sobre esta zona de estudio, y por otro lado en la determinación de la calidad de los hábitats fluviales a partir de la construcción de dos índices: el QBR sobre calidad del bosque de ribera, y el IHF sobre hábitats fluviales. Los resultados muestran que, pese a que este territorio no tiene en estos momentos ningún marco de protección ambiental más allá de tres monumentos naturales, una ZEPA y una ZEC, reúne valores suficientes como para que sea declarado como parque natural, que sería, además, el primero de este territorio., The Maestrazgo and the Sierra de Gúdar in Teruel are made up of a great diversity of ecosystems, among which, in addition to the riparian forest and the aquatic ecosystems on which this study focuses, the forest ecosystems spread over several bioclimatic floors particularly stand out. The objective of this paper is twofold. On the one hand, it seeks to evaluate the state of conservation of one of the territories with the greatest natural wealth in southern Aragon, namely the fluvial ecosystem of the Guadalope River in its upper section, and on the other hand, it proposes a protection framework with greater legal imperative such as that pertaining to natural parks, which this province does not currently have. To do this, the methodology will be based on the consultation of the few specialized bibliographies on this study area, and on the other hand, it will determine the quality of fluvial habitats based on the construction of two indicators: the QBR on quality of the riparian forest and the IHF on fluvial habitats. The results show that despite the fact that this territory does not currently have any environmental protection framework other than three natural monuments, a ZEPA and a ZEC, it has enough values to be declared a natural park, which would be the first in this area.

Published
2024

160. Iterative LLM-Driven RTL Design Using HDLAgent

Author

Zakharov, Mark, Renau, Jose1, Zakharov, Mark, Zakharov, Mark, Renau, Jose1, and Zakharov, Mark

Abstract

Trained on billions of lines of GitHub code, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as formidable programming assistants, demonstrating pronounced proficiency in popular programming languages such as Python and C++. This proficiency is attributed to the extensive availability of open-source code in these languages. However, the training of LLMs is an immensely resource-intensive process. For instance, Meta's Llama2-7B model required 184,320 GPU hours for training on 2048 A100 GPUs, incurring costs nearing one million dollars. Moreover, the construction of a robust model necessitates vast datasets. The substantial amount of time, money, and data needed to train an LLM on a new language may dissuade the creation of future languages, as they will not be compatible with LLMs “out of the box”. In response to these challenges, this study introduces HDLAgent, an innovative LLM agent accompanied by a language analysis framework. HDLAgent employs chain-of-thought reasoning and transfer learning to equip LLMs with knowledge of languages absent from their original training datasets. Focusing primarily on Hardware Description Languages, HDLAgent utilizes summaries of language tutorials and a selection of straightforward code examples as contextual foundations to facilitate circuit design in the specified target language. The efficacy of HDLAgent is further enhanced through a compiler error feedback loop. This loop adopts a retrieval-augmented strategy, mapping compiler error messages to their corresponding explanations and corrective suggestions. Through this approach, HDLAgent significantly accelerates the process of enabling LLMs to understand and operate within previously unfamiliar programming languages, potentially revolutionizing the adaptability and utility of LLMs in the ever-evolving landscape of programming language development.

Published
2024

161. Projecte de remodelació de les instal·lacions en l'espai públic urbà del carrer dels Enamorats, al districte de l'Eixample, amb criteris d'Eixos Verds'.

Author

Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria de Projectes i de la Construcció, ESITEC Energia, Tarragona Roig, Joan, Renau Permanyer, Raimon, Lago Gallego, Alba, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria de Projectes i de la Construcció, ESITEC Energia, Tarragona Roig, Joan, Renau Permanyer, Raimon, and Lago Gallego, Alba

Abstract

El presente Trabajo Final de Estudios es de modalidad Prácticum, el cual se realiza en la empresa ESITEC Energía S.L, situada en Barcelona. Esta empresa está especializada en la realización de proyectos de instalaciones y eficiencia energética. El período de prácticas fue aproximadamente de 11 meses, pero el prácticum duró desde septiembre del 2023 hasta enero 2024. Durante esta etapa he estado trabajando en diferentes proyectos interviniendo en las tareas de delineación de planos, redacción de memorias enteras, mediciones y presupuestos, calculo y dimensionado de las instalaciones, pequeñas modificaciones en diferentes proyectos ya trabajados y otras faenas catalogadas como de administración. Estas tareas, principalmente, se han realizado en oficina ya que casi no ha habido participación en visitas de obras o tareas enfocadas directamente en obra. El Prácticum se ha estructurado en cuatro apartados diferenciales; el primero es una pequeña introducción del Prácticum. En el segundo punto, se realiza una explicación general de la empresa, en la que se expone su historia, estructura, trabajos que realiza y para quién, con el objeto de dar a conocer la empresa y de este modo, se pueda entender con mayor claridad el trabajo. El tercer punto, se explica resumidamente una selección de trabajos en los que he podido participar prácticamente en su totalidad. Y finalmente, en el cuarto punto, se explica con detalle el proyecto ejecutivo escogido para la realización del Trabajo Final de Estudios. Por lo que hacen los anexos, se adjuntara información que se ha considerado relevante en la obra de la calle Enamorats para cumplimentar la información, documentos, cálculos, fichas técnicas, estudios lumínicos, presupuestos, etc. La documentación gráfica aportará información más detallada y visual de la obra y del proyecto realizado. Para concluir, con la experiencia obtenida durante este periodo de prácticas y con la redacción del presente trabajo, he redactado las conclusiones sobre

Published
2024

162. HDLEval a Benchmark for LLM-Driven RTL Design Using HDLAgent

Author

Rabiei Kashanaki, Farzaneh, Renau, Jose JR1, Rabiei Kashanaki, Farzaneh, Rabiei Kashanaki, Farzaneh, Renau, Jose JR1, and Rabiei Kashanaki, Farzaneh

Abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming the programming language domain by facilitating learning for beginners and enhancing code generation and documentation. This paper delves into the challenges and potential of integrating LMs with Hardware Description Languages (HDLs), specifically those HDLs that LLMs have not been previously trained on.Our research offers two main contributions: the development of HDLAgent, which enables LLMs to work with multiple HDLs, and the creation of HDLEval, a language-neutral benchmark for HDLs. HDLAgent is an AI agent optimized for LLMs with limited prior knowledge of various HDLs, significantly enhancing the performance of off-the-shelf LLMs. For example, PyRTL’s success rate increases from zero to 35% with Mixtral 8x7B, and Chisel’s success rate improves from zero to 59% with GPT-3.5-turbo-0125. Meanwhile, HDLEval provides a flexible benchmarking system for multiple HDLs, adaptable to both current and future languages. Together, HDLAgent and HDLEval offer a robust framework for promoting the adoption and expanding the user base of HDLs in the age of LLMs.

Published
2024

163. Safety considerationsintheoperationof flap-gate spillwaysfordischargingice and floatingdebris

Author

Renau Rubio, Alejandro and Renau Rubio, Alejandro

Abstract

The flap-gate spillway is popular in northern countries because it can dischargefloating objects like ice and wood without additional construction. However, froma hydraulic point of view, the discharge of water over the crest of the flood gate canexperience cavitation phenomena by creating a water jet that forms an air cavityinside it. Cavitation in water spillways must be eliminated to prevent structuraldamage and ensures afety. Cavitation also reduces operational efficiency andincreases maintenance and repair costs. This thesis will study this hydraulicphenomenon in 2D and 3D for various discharge cases and evaluate a commonsolution of airing the cavity below the jet at atmospheric pressure. Scalabilityeffects on the model will also be examined. This method requires learning CFD basics and using Ansys FLUENT. Thisprogram will design, mesh, apply boundary conditions and simulate thegeometries. For each case, we will compare the phase fraction, pressure, andspeed distributions over the simulated space to understand flow behavior. Theresults show that the laws of similarity fail under sub-atmospheric pressure andthat smaller models have more turbulence. Flow asymmetries make cavity sealingmore difficult in 3D models, especially at low discharges. Larger dischargesreduce asymmetry, but the cavity negative pressure is less extreme than in 2Dmodels. At low discharges, ventilation is ineffective. Airing larger dischargesimproves flow symmetry and prevents cavitation by keeping the jet open tothe atmosphere. Ventilation increases cavity pressure and reduces pressurefluctuations in high discharge situations, but it does not eliminate cavitation. By demonstrating that aeration significantly improves flow behavior, our findingscan influence the design and construction of safer, more durable, and moreefficient new hydraulic structures, thereby contributing to the advancement ofhydraulic engineering.

Published
2024

164. Extra Nestlings That Are Condemned to Die Increase Reproductive Success in Hoopoes

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Barón, M. Dolores, Martín-Vivaldi, Manuel, Martínez-Renau, Ester, Soler, Juan José, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Barón, M. Dolores, Martín-Vivaldi, Manuel, Martínez-Renau, Ester, and Soler, Juan José

Abstract

The adaptive value of routinely laying more eggs than can be successfully fledged has intrigued evolutionary biologists for decades. Extra eggs could, for instance, be adaptive as insurance against hatching failures. Moreover, because recent literature demonstrates that sibling cannibalism is frequent in the Eurasian hoopoe (Upupa epops), producing extra offspring that may be cannibalized by older siblings might also be adaptive in birds. Here, directed to explore this possibility in hoopoes, we performed a food supplementation experiment during the laying period and a clutch size manipulation during the hatching stage. We found that females with the food supplement laid on average one more egg than control females and that the addition of a close-to-hatch egg at the end of the hatching period increased the intensity of sibling cannibalism and enhanced fledging success in hoopoe nests. Because none of the extra nestlings from the experimental extra eggs survived until fledging, these results strongly suggest that hoopoes obtain fitness advantages by using temporarily abundant resources to produce additional nestlings that will be cannibalized. These results therefore suppose the first experimental demonstration of the nutritive adaptive function of laying extra eggs in vertebrates with parental care.

Published
2024

165. Photons in a cold axion background and strong magnetic fields: polarimetric consequences

Author

Espriu, Domenec and Renau, Albert

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

In this work we analyze the propagation of photons in an environment where a strong magnetic field (perpendicular to the photon momenta) coexists with an oscillating cold axion background with the characteristics expected from dark matter in the galactic halo. Qualitatively, the main effect of the combined background is to produce a three-way mixing among the two photon polarizations and the axion. It is interesting to note that in spite of the extremely weak interaction of photons with the cold axion background, its effects compete with those coming from the magnetic field in some regions of the parameter space. We determine (with one plausible simplification) the proper frequencies and eigenvectors as well as the corresponding photon ellipticity and induced rotation of the polarization plane that depend both on the magnetic field and the local density of axions. We also comment on the possibility that some of the predicted effects could be measured in optical table-top experiments., Comment: 24 pages, 2 figures

Published
2014

169. Spanish guide for neonatal stabilization and resuscitation 2021: Analysis, adaptation and consensus on international recommendations

Author

Gonzalo Zeballos Sarrato, Alejandro Ávila-Álvarez, Raquel Escrig Fernández, Montserrat Izquierdo Renau, César W. Ruiz Campillo, Celia Gómez Robles, and Martín Iriondo Sanz

Subjects
Reanimación, Estabilización, Soporte a la transición, Recién nacido, International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation, European Resuscitation Council, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

After the publication of the recommendations, agreed by all the scientific societies through the ILCOR, at the end of 2020, the GRN-SENeo began a process of analysis and review of the main changes since the last guidelines, to which a specific consensus positioning on controversial issues, trying to avoid ambiguities and trying to adapt the evidence to our environment. This text summarizes the main conclusions of this work and reflects the positioning of that group. Resumen: Tras la publicación de las recomendaciones, consensuadas por todas las sociedades científicas a través del ILCOR, a finales del año 2020, el GRN-SENeo inició un proceso de análisis y revisión de los principales cambios desde las últimas guías, a los que se añadió un posicionamiento específico de consenso en temas controvertidos, tratando de evitar ambigüedades, y procurando adaptar la evidencia a nuestro medio. El presente texto, resume las principales conclusiones de este trabajo y refleja el posicionamiento de dicho grupo.

Published
2022
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170. Geografías de la pandemia COVID-19 en España

Author

Luis del Romero Renau and Marina Arroyo Bovea

Subjects
España, medio rural, geografía de la salud, calidad ambiental, COVID-19, Geography (General), G1-922
Abstract

La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha supuesto en España la peor crisis de salud pública, económica y social desde la Guerra Civil. El virus ha causado miles de muertos y cientos de miles de infectados, con Cataluña y Madrid como territorios más afectados. Un primer análisis exploratorio muestra, con los pocos datos hasta ahora disponibles y fiables, que esta pandemia ha tenido una especial incidencia en los territorios urbanos con mayor densidad de población y niveles más elevados de contaminación, mientras que las áreas rurales, a pesar de tener mucha más población de riesgo y un sistema sanitario mucho más precario, han mostrado ser mucho más resilientes a la expansión del coronavirus. Todo ello abre la puerta a revalorizar la importancia del medio rural como categoría analítica y como espacio de oportunidades y de vida ante pandemias presentes y futuras y no solo de problemas y crisis.

Published
2022
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171. Photon propagation in a cold axion condensate

Author

Espriu, Domenec and Renau, Albert

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We discuss some striking properties of photons propagating in a cold axion condensate oscillating coherently in time with a frequency $1/m_a$. Three effects are discussed in this contribution: (a) due to the time dependence of the background, photons moving in the cold axion background have no definite energies and some momenta are not accessible to them. (b) we investigate the combined influence of a magnetic field and the cold axion background and propose a possible interferometric experiment to detect the latter. (c) if the axion condensate has a space dependence, the photon refraction index is modified in the medium, possibly leading to total reflection at the interface with the ordinary vacuum., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Proceedings of the Patras Workshop 2013, Mainz, June 2013

Published
2013

172. A Method for Visuo-Spatial Classification of Freehand Shapes Freely Sketched

Author

Renau-Ferrer, Ney and Remi, Céline

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

We present the principle and the main steps of a new method for the visuo-spatial analysis of geometrical sketches recorded online. Visuo-spatial analysis is a necessary step for multi-level analysis. Multi-level analysis simultaneously allows classification, comparison or clustering of the constituent parts of a pattern according to their visuo-spatial properties, their procedural strategies, their structural or temporal parameters, or any combination of two or more of those parameters. The first results provided by this method concern the comparison of sketches to some perfect patterns of simple geometrical figures and the measure of dissimilarity between real sketches. The mean rates of good decision higher than 95% obtained are promising in both cases., Comment: IPCV'10 - 14th International Conference on Image Processing, Computer Vision, \& Pattern Recognition, \'Etats-Unis (2010)

Published
2013

173. Inteligencia emocional en estudiantes universitarios de Psicología: diferencias entre el primer y el último curso

Author

Martín Sanchez-Gomez, Manuel Cerisuelo Tirado, Mireia Adelantado-Renau, and Edgar Bresó

Subjects
análisis comparativo, desarrollo emocional, estudiante, psicología, universidad, Education
Abstract

Investigaciones previas han demostrado la importancia de la Inteligencia Emocional (ie) en el ámbito profesional, especialmente en la adaptación y el éxito de los psicólogos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer las diferencias en ie entre alumnos de Psicología en su primer y último curso. La muestra estuvo formada por 90 alumnos de primer curso (18.37 ± 2.06 años; 80 % mujeres) y 90 alumnos de último curso (20.54 ± 1.28 años; 76 % mujeres). La ie (i. e., percepción, comprensión, gestión e ie total) se evaluó mediante el cuestionario Mobile Emotional Intelligence Test. Los hallazgos principales indican que los alumnos de cuarto curso del grado de Psicología presentaban puntuaciones significativamente mayores en la dimensión de gestión (104.8 vs. 97.5; p = .019), así como en la ie total (107.1 vs. 101.4; p = .011) comparadas a las de sus compañeros de primer curso. Al final del documento se discute la importancia de desarrollar la ie en los estudiantes de Psicología.

Published
2021
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174. Historias de quienes no aparecen en la historia. Reflexiones y narrativas sobre turismo rural a partir de un proyecto de museo comunitario en Mas Blanco (Aragón, España)

Author

Luis del Romero Renau

Subjects
turismo rural, nueva museología, teruel, despoblación, mercantilización, Geography (General), G1-922
Abstract

Tradicionalmente, las narrativas construidas en torno al patrimonio cultural material e inmaterial, en cuanto oferta turística en el ámbito rural, se han centrado en destacar la figura de personajes poderosos, normalmente hombres blancos y de clases altas, y en valorizar aquellos edificios más notables, dejando en segundo plano otros casos de patrimonio vinculados a las clases populares u obreras. Partiendo de la base de que el turismo rural es una actividad que contribuye a dinamizar y diversificar la economía de estos territorios, el trabajo pretende abordar críticamente los discursos dominantes y las narrativas que se construyen sobre la historia de la inmensa mayoría de nuestras áreas rurales, especialmente, a través de aquellas iniciativas y proyectos capitalizados desde la administración pública centralizada. Como contrapunto a este análisis crítico, se muestra un ejemplo de nueva museología comunitaria desarrollada en un área rural en crisis, la comunidad autónoma de Aragón, a través del proyecto del Museo de las Masías y la Memoria Rural en la aldea de Mas Blanco en el que, tanto desde su concepción como en el relato sobre la historia de este lugar, destacan el papel de la mujer rural y de clases populares.

Published
2021
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177. Inflammatory biomarkers and brain health indicators in children with overweight and obesity: The ActiveBrains project

Author

Adelantado-Renau, Mireia, Esteban-Cornejo, Irene, Rodriguez-Ayllon, María, Cadenas-Sanchez, Cristina, Gil-Cosano, Jose Juan, Mora-Gonzalez, Jose, Solis-Urra, Patricio, Verdejo-Román, Juan, Aguilera, Concepción M., Escolano-Margarit, María Victoria, Verdejo-Garcia, Antonio, Catena, Andrés, Moliner-Urdiales, Diego, and Ortega, Francisco B.

Published
2019
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182. THz Communications and the Demonstration in the ThoR–Backhaul Link

Author

Kurner, Thomas, Braun, Ralf-Peter, Ducournau, Guillaume, Hellrung, Uwe, Hirata, Akihiko, Hisatake, Shintaro, John, Laurenz, Jung, Bo Kum, Kallfass, Ingmar, Kawanishi, Tetsuya, Kondou, Keitarou, Leiba, Yigal, Napier, Bruce, Timar, Ran, Renau, Alexandre, Schlegel, Peter, Szriftgiser, Pascal, Tessmann, Axel, and Wrana, Dominik

Abstract

This article provides a brief overview on THz communications and subsequently focuses on the application of 300 GHz backhaul and fronthaul links. The fundamentals, planning, and software simulation approaches as well as the realized bidirectional 300 GHz demonstrator built within the Horizon 2020 joint EU-Japan project ThoR are described. The ThoR demonstrator uses off-the-shelf modems for network connections and baseband processing, RF front-ends based on InGaAs mHEMT technology and a spurious-free/low-phase noise photonic solution for LO generation. With the ThoR set-up, a net data rate of 2 × 20 Gbps over a distance of 150 m using a total instantaneous bandwidth of 8.64 GHz has been demonstrated. It is also shown that the IEEE Std 802.15.3-2023 protocol works correctly for this application.

Published
2024
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183. How a cold axion background influences photons

Author

Espriu, Domènec and Renau, Albert

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

A cold relic axion condensate resulting from vacuum misalignment in the early universe oscillates with a frequency \sim m_a, where m_a is the axion mass. We summarize how the properties of photons propagating in such a medium are modified. Although the effects are small due to the magnitude of the axion-photon coupling, some consequences are striking., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. To appear in "Proceedings of the 7th Patras Workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs"

Published
2011

184. Photon propagation in a cold axion background with and without magnetic field

Author

Espriu, Domenec and Renau, Albert

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

A cold relic axion condensate resulting from vacuum misalignment in the early universe oscillates with a frequency m, where m is the axion mass. We determine the properties of photons propagating in a simplified version of such a background where the sinusoidal variation is replaced by a square wave profile. We prove that previous results that indicated that charged particles moving fast in such a background radiate, originally derived assuming that all momenta involved were much larger than m, hold for long wavelengths too. We also analyze in detail how the introduction of a magnetic field changes the properties of photon propagation in such a medium. We briefly comment on possible astrophysical implications of these results., Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, revised version includes an extended discussion on physical implications

Published
2011
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185. Outcomes after perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with proximal femoral fractures: an international cohort study

Author

T Richards, S Shaikh, S Rehman, A Khan, J Shah, C Smith, A Brown, S Singh, A P Arnaud, A Young, D Bowen, P Patel, S Williams, J Dunn, J John, M Loubani, A Hainsworth, A Kolias, PJ Hutchinson, R Singh, S Sinha, S Shaw, J Edwards, S Mukherjee, AAB Jamjoom, A Singh, S Saeed, J Martin, S Smith, S Ross, M Mohan, P Hutchinson, G James, RDC Moon, P Brennan, A Williams, S Brown, A Ward, M Lee, K Thompson, S Ali, J Williams, S Reid, U Khan, J Lambert, A Smith, B Singh, M Hassan, N Sharma, J Reynolds, N Wright, T Williams, H Smith, M Ng, M Rahman, A Taylor, P Shah, D Saxena, J Evans, I Omar, M Ali, A Hanson, Z Li, R Andrade, P Cardoso, H Jeong, P Sharma, M Arrieta, J Clark, L Pearce, J McVeigh, V Sharma, B Kim, J Singh, S Newman, J Byrne, A Hassan, A Persad, A Gardner, H Liu, K Shah, I Hughes, S Davison, A Balakrishnan, K Patel, J Hall, S Mistry, J Parry, R Baumber, N McGrath, E Ross, R Mannion, S Murphy, FL Wright, A Rogers, B Rai, M Thomas, R Ribeiro, E Hamilton, J Teixeira, B Davidson, L Carvalho, R Garrido, A Puppo, A Guimarães, E Santos, M Kamal, M Denning, M Elhadi, J E Fitzgerald, D Miller, M Gowda, C Morris, A Phillips, H Yang, Y Zhang, N Machairas, A Fisher, A Kaufmann, A Aggarwal, L Hansen, M Otify, H Soleymani Majd, A Jones, M Rodrigues, S Sundar, C Jones, R Edmondson, A Sharkey, L Smith, G Williams, J Dunning, E Belcher, D Stavroulias, V Zamvar, M Patel, M Baker, R Evans, M Sherif, J Hopkins, R Mohammed, A Hill, H Jackson, G Jones, K George, J Dixon, A Tong, S Jallad, Deborah S Keller, A Pereira, L Elliott, D Ford, A Sermon, M Almond, Andrew Metcalfe, C Peluso, T White, S Shah, A Witek, Chetan Khatri, A Tiwari, T Lo, K Agarwal, C Sweeney, C Hart, T Holme, S Green, I Ahmed, A Sobti, C Anderson, N Modi, R Campbell, C Magee, M Mirza, D Jones, N Stylianides, X Luo, C Kang, J Ribeiro, L Kumar, J Diaz, A Bhalla, R Young, C Perkins, A James, A Walters, J Reid, R Pereira, C McDonald, A Aujayeb, K Jackson, M Allen, D Ghosh, M Chan, C Price, K Khan, R Moore, M Ibrahim, 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Springford, C Sohrabi, J Bacarese-Hamilton, FG Taylor, P Patki, C Tanabalan, ME Alexander, CJ Smart, L Abdeh, M Zeiton, R Advani, S Nikolaou, T Oni, N Ilahi, K Ballantyne, Z Woodward, R Merh, B Robertson-Smith, P Ameerally, JG Finch, C Gnanachandran, I Pop, D Dass, G Thiruchandran, Toh SKC, A Allana, C Bellis, O Babawale, YC Phan, U Lokman, T Koc, L Duggleby, S Shamoon, H Clancy, A Mansuri, A Thakrar, L Wickramarachchi, S Sivayoganathan, E Karam, HV Colvin, A Badran, A Cadersa, A Cumpstey, R Aftab, F Wensley, V Morrison-Jones, GK Sekhon, H Shields, Z Shakoor, T Talbot, A Alzetani, J Rooney, M Rudic, A Aladeojebi, M Kitchen, R Lefroy, P Nanjaiah, AD Rajgor, RJ Scurrah, LJ Watson, T Royle, B Steel, Luk ACO, VG Thiruvasagam, W Marlow, C Konstantinou, D Yershov, A Denning, E Mangos, T Nambirajan, I Flindall, V Mahendran, J De Marchi, NF Davis, A Picciariello, V Papagni, DF Altomare, S Granieri, C Cotsoglou, A Cabeleira, P Serralheiro, T Teles, C Canhoto, J Simões, AC Almeida, O Nogueira, R Athayde Nemésio, MJ Amaral, A Valente da Costa, R Martins, P Guerreiro, A Ruivo, D Breda, JM Oliveira, AL De Oliveira Lopez, M Colino, J De Barros, AP Soares, H Morais, T Revez, MI Manso, JC Domingues, P Henriques, Cardoso N Ribeiro VI, G Martins dos Santos, M Peralta Ferreira, J Ascensão, B Costeira, L Rio Rodrigues, M Sousa Fernandes, P Azevedo, I Lourenço, G Mendinhos, A Nobre Pinto, H Taflin, H Abdou, L O'Meara, Z Cooper, SA Hirji, BU Okafor, V Roxo, CP Raut, JS Jolissaint, DA Mahvi, C Reinke, S Merola, A Ssentongo, P Ssentongo, Oh JS, J Hazelton, J Maines, N Gusani, RCG Martin, N Bhutiani, R Choron, F Soliman, MD E Dauer, E Renza-Stingone, E Gokcen, E Kropf, H Sufrin, J Sewards, J Poggio, K Sanserino, L Rae, M Philp, M Metro, P McNelis, R Petrov, T Pazionis, DB Lumenta, SP Nischwitz, E Richtig, M Pau, P Srekl-Filzmaier, N Eibinger, B Michelitsch, M Fediuk, A Papinutti, TU Cohnert, E Kantor, J Kahiu, S Hosny, A Sultana, M Taggarsi, L Vitone, OP Vaz, I Sarantitis, S Timbrell, A Shugaba, GP Jones, SS Tripathi, MS Greenhalgh, H Emerson, K Vejsbjerg, W McCormick, K Singisetti, Y Aawsaj, R Vanker, M Ghobrial, S Kanthasamy, H Fawi, M Awadallah, J Cheung, S Tingle, F Abbadessa, A Sachdeva, CD Chan, I McPherson, F Mahmoud Ali, S Pandanaboyana, T Grainger, S Nandhra, N Dawe, C McCaffer, J Riches, J Moir, H Elamin Ahmed, C Saleh, RM Koshy, LJ Rogers, PL Labib, N Hope, K Emslie, P Panahi, E Clough, I Enemosah, J Natale, N Raza, JI Webb, M Antar, J Noel, R Nunn, F Eriberto, R Tanna, S Lodhia, C Osório, J Antunes, P Balau, and M Godinho

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Objectives Studies have demonstrated high rates of mortality in people with proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, but there is limited published data on the factors that influence mortality for clinicians to make informed treatment decisions. This study aims to report the 30-day mortality associated with perioperative infection of patients undergoing surgery for proximal femoral fractures and to examine the factors that influence mortality in a multivariate analysis.Setting Prospective, international, multicentre, observational cohort study.Participants Patients undergoing any operation for a proximal femoral fracture from 1 February to 30 April 2020 and with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (either 7 days prior or 30-day postoperative).Primary outcome 30-day mortality. Multivariate modelling was performed to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality.Results This study reports included 1063 patients from 174 hospitals in 19 countries. Overall 30-day mortality was 29.4% (313/1063). In an adjusted model, 30-day mortality was associated with male gender (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.68 to 3.13, p80 years (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.31, p=0.013), preoperative diagnosis of dementia (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.16, p=0.005), kidney disease (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.55, p=0.005) and congestive heart failure (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.48, p=0.025). Mortality at 30 days was lower in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.6 (0.42 to 0.85), p=0.004). There was no difference in mortality in patients with an increase to delay in surgery (p=0.220) or type of anaesthetic given (p=0.787).Conclusions Patients undergoing surgery for a proximal femoral fracture with a perioperative infection of SARS-CoV-2 have a high rate of mortality. This study would support the need for providing these patients with individualised medical and anaesthetic care, including medical optimisation before theatre. Careful preoperative counselling is needed for those with a proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, especially those in the highest risk groups.Trial registration number NCT04323644

Published
2021
Full Text
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186. Axions and Cosmic Rays

Author

Espriu, Domenec and Renau, Albert

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We investigate the propagation of a charged particle in a spatially constant but time dependent pseudoscalar background. Physically this pseudoscalar background could be provided by a relic axion density. The background leads to an explicit breaking of Lorentz invariance; as a consequence processes such as $p\to p \gamma$ or $e\to e \gamma$ are possible within some kinematical constraints. The phenomenon is described by the QED lagrangian extended with a Chern-Simons term that contains a 4-vector which characterizes the breaking of Lorentz invariance induced by the time-dependent background. While the radiation induced (similar to the Cherenkov effect) is too small to influence the propagation of cosmic rays in a significant way, the hypothetical detection of the photons radiated by high energy cosmic rays via this mechanism would provide an indirect way of verifying the cosmological relevance of axions. We discuss on the order of magnitude of the effect., Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures. To appear in Proceedings of the Quarks 2010 International Seminar, Kolomna, Russia

Published
2010
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187. Axions and high-energy cosmic rays: Can the relic axion density be measured?

Author

Espriu, D., Mescia, F., and Renau, A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

In a previous work we investigated the propagation of fast moving charged particles in a spatially constant but slowly time dependent pseudoscalar background, such as the one provided by cold relic axions. The background induces cosmic rays to radiate in the low-energy spectrum. While the energy loss caused by this mechanism on the primary cosmic rays is negligible, we investigate the hypothetical detection of the photons radiated and how they could provide an indirect way of verifying the cosmological relevance of axions. Assuming that the cosmic ray flux is of the form J(E)~ E^-g we find that the energy radiated follows a distribution k^-((g-1)/2) for proton primaries, identical to the Galaxy synchrotron radiation that is the main background, and k^-(g/2) for electron primaries, which in spite of this sharper decay provide the dominant contribution in the low-energy spectrum. We discuss possible ways to detect this small diffuse contribution. Local detection in the vicinity of powerful cosmic rays emitters might also be possible., Comment: plot improved with background and comments added

Published
2010
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188. The axion shield

Author

Andrianov, A., Espriu, D., Mescia, F., and Renau, A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

We investigate the propagation of a charged particle in a spatially constant, but time dependent, pseudoscalar background. Physically this pseudoscalar background could be provided by a relic axion density. The background leads to an explicit breaking of Lorentz invariance; as a consequence the process p-> p gamma is possible and the background acts as a shield against extremely energetic cosmic rays, an effect somewhat similar to the GZK cut-off effect. The effect is model independent and can be computed exactly. The hypothetical detection of the photons radiated via this mechanism would provide an indirect way of verifying the cosmological relevance of axions.

Published
2009
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189. Data for: Extra nestlings that are condemned to die increase reproductive success in hoopoes

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Barón, M. Dolores [dbaron@eeza.csic.es], Martín-Vivaldi, Manuel [mmv@ugr.es], Martínez-Renau, Ester [esmart@eeza.csic.es], Soler, Juan José [jsoler@eeza.csic.es], Barón, M. Dolores, Martín-Vivaldi, Manuel, Martínez-Renau, Ester, Soler, Juan José, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Barón, M. Dolores [dbaron@eeza.csic.es], Martín-Vivaldi, Manuel [mmv@ugr.es], Martínez-Renau, Ester [esmart@eeza.csic.es], Soler, Juan José [jsoler@eeza.csic.es], Barón, M. Dolores, Martín-Vivaldi, Manuel, Martínez-Renau, Ester, and Soler, Juan José

Published
2023

190. Ectopic expression of the AtCDF1 transcription factor in potato enhances tuber starch and amino acid contents and yield under open field conditions

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Diputación Foral de Navarra, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Chile), Baroja-Fernández, Edurne [0000-0003-0049-6045], Renau-Morata, Begoña [0000-0002-8967-0750], Canales, Javier [0000-0002-6263-6974], Ciordia, Sergio [0000-0002-5726-853X], Sánchez-López, Ángela María [0000-0001-9620-0258], Nebauer, Sergio G. [0000-0001-7978-6680], Vicente-Carbajosa, Jesús [0000-0002-6332-1712], Molina, Rosa Victoria [0000-0001-9922-1185], Pozueta Romero, Javier [0000-0002-0335-9663], Medina, Joaquín [0000-0002-1735-330X], Carrillo, Laura, Baroja-Fernández, Edurne, Renau-Morata, Begoña, Muñoz, Francisco J., Canales, Javier, Ciordia, Sergio, Yang, Lu, Sánchez-López, Ángela María, Nebauer, Sergio G., Ceballos, Mar G., Vicente-Carbajosa, Jesús, Molina, Rosa Victoria, Pozueta Romero, Javier, Medina, Joaquín, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Diputación Foral de Navarra, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Chile), Baroja-Fernández, Edurne [0000-0003-0049-6045], Renau-Morata, Begoña [0000-0002-8967-0750], Canales, Javier [0000-0002-6263-6974], Ciordia, Sergio [0000-0002-5726-853X], Sánchez-López, Ángela María [0000-0001-9620-0258], Nebauer, Sergio G. [0000-0001-7978-6680], Vicente-Carbajosa, Jesús [0000-0002-6332-1712], Molina, Rosa Victoria [0000-0001-9922-1185], Pozueta Romero, Javier [0000-0002-0335-9663], Medina, Joaquín [0000-0002-1735-330X], Carrillo, Laura, Baroja-Fernández, Edurne, Renau-Morata, Begoña, Muñoz, Francisco J., Canales, Javier, Ciordia, Sergio, Yang, Lu, Sánchez-López, Ángela María, Nebauer, Sergio G., Ceballos, Mar G., Vicente-Carbajosa, Jesús, Molina, Rosa Victoria, Pozueta Romero, Javier, and Medina, Joaquín

Abstract

Cycling Dof transcription factors (CDFs) have been involved in different aspects of plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis and tomato, one member of this family (CDF1) has recently been associated with the regulation of primary metabolism and abiotic stress responses, but their roles in crop production under open field conditions remain unknown.

Published
2023

191. Design, development, integration and evaluation of hybrid fuel cell power systems for an unmanned water surface vehicle

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Renau, Jordi [0000-0002-4768-5671], Tejada Guzmán, Diego [0000-0001-8470-3632], García Peñas, Víctor [0000-0003-3662-4475], López González, Eduardo [0000-0001-9122-6627], Doménech Ballester, Luis [0000-0002-8443-2972], Lozano Fantoba, Antonio [0000-0003-4141-6072], Barreras Toledo, Félix [0000-0002-5391-8021], Reanu, Jordi [jordi.renau@uchceu.es], Renau, Jordi, Tejada Guzmán, Diego, García Peñas, Víctor, López González, Eduardo, Doménech Ballester, Luis, Lozano Fantoba, Antonio, Barreras Toledo, Félix, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Renau, Jordi [0000-0002-4768-5671], Tejada Guzmán, Diego [0000-0001-8470-3632], García Peñas, Víctor [0000-0003-3662-4475], López González, Eduardo [0000-0001-9122-6627], Doménech Ballester, Luis [0000-0002-8443-2972], Lozano Fantoba, Antonio [0000-0003-4141-6072], Barreras Toledo, Félix [0000-0002-5391-8021], Reanu, Jordi [jordi.renau@uchceu.es], Renau, Jordi, Tejada Guzmán, Diego, García Peñas, Víctor, López González, Eduardo, Doménech Ballester, Luis, Lozano Fantoba, Antonio, and Barreras Toledo, Félix

Abstract

When fuel cells are used to power mobile applications, such a vehicles, hybridization with batteries is normally required. Depending on the electronic coupling between the energy sources the power plants can have passive or active configurations. Hybrid fuel cell-battery power plants with active power control flow have some advantages. For example, they can decrease the total energy losses, while improving the fuel cell performance, extending its lifetime. Power plants with DC/DC converters show low specific energy ratios, but with a superior energy management. In the present research, the hybrid power plant for an unmanned aquatic surface vehicle (USV) based on a PEM fuel cell and a Li-ion battery is developed. Active (with DC–DC converters) or passive architectures are analyzed by numerical simulations and experimental tests. Good results are obtained for the active power plant, where the peak power demands are managed by the battery pack while the fuel cell power remains constant thanks to the DC-converter control. The study shows that a simple control algorithm (no optimal) can help to extend the USV autonomy above 12 h in calm waters with a specific energy of 85.6 W h kg-1.

Published
2023

193. Design Process and Advanced Manufacturing of an Aquatic Surface Vehicle Hull for the Integration of a Hydrogen Power Plant Propulsion System

Author

Renau Martínez, Jordi, primary, García Peñas, Víctor, additional, Ibáñez Arnal, Manuel, additional, Giménez Sancho, Alberto, additional, López González, Eduardo, additional, García Magariño, Adelaida, additional, Terroba Ramírez, Félix, additional, Moreno Ayerbe, Francisco Javier, additional, and Sánchez López, Fernando, additional

Published
2024
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196. Promoting dual careers at higher education institutions: 31 benefits ranked by the project Student Athletes Erasmus+ Mobility in Europe (SAMEurope).

Author

Domingo, Carlos Hernando, Michavila, Marta Renau, Thorén, Per, Bankel, Johan, Karlsteen, Magnus, Kalaja, Sami, Rasinaho, Minna, Karjalainen, Aki, Scharenberg, Swantje, Kohler, Pascale, Agneray, Florian, Deflon, Alexia, Brac de la Perriere, Dorothée, and Marín Gil, María Pilar

Subjects
ATHLETIC ability, PHYSICAL fitness, PHYSICAL training & conditioning, PHYSICAL activity, COLLEGE athletes
Abstract

Introduction: The project Student Athletes Erasmus+ Mobility in Europe identified and defined a total of 31 benefits offered to dual-career student athletes who are combining their university studies with high-level training. The project was co-funded by the European Union and carried out by five universities: Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden), Institut national des sciences appliquées de Lyon (France), University of Jyväskylä (Finland), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany), and Universitat Jaume I (Spain). Methods: The purpose of the study was to rank these benefits by combining the perspectives of the university staff and the student athletes from each university in the consortium. The university staff included experts from sports services and the international relations office. A questionnaire was also sent to the dualcareer athletes enrolled at the consortium's universities. Of the 514 dualcareer athletes, 208 (116 women) completed the questionnaire. The overall response rate was 40.47%. The university staff assessed the importance of each benefit, how easy it was to implement at the institution, and whether or not the university offered the benefit to its students. The dual-career students rated each of the 31 benefits and indicated whether or not they had used them. A specific methodology was designed to rank these benefits using the ratings of the university staff and the student athletes. Intra-group and inter-group Pearson correlations were performed. Results: The results show a strong and significant correlation between the benefits from the perspective of the university staff (r = 0.710, p = 7.76E-7) and from the perspective of the students (r = 0.715, p = 2.44E-6). The correlation is moderate and significant when the benefits are correlated from the perspective of the two groups as a whole (0.363, p = 0.045), with the three most important benefits being the free use of sports facilities, justification for absences, and the adaptation of the pace of studies. Discussion: The study makes visible the commitment of higher education institutions to facilitating the dual career of student athletes and identifies those benefits that may be of greater interest to European universities as a whole. The European perspective has been considered, while respecting the specificities of each university and the country in which it is located. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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197. Lack of awareness of systemic lupus erythematosus and its consequences in a cohort of moderate and severe patients in Spain: The LupusVoice study.

Author

Galindo Izquierdo, Maria, Borrás Blasco, Joaquín, Pérez Ortega, Silvia, Salman-Monte, Tarek Carlos, Vela-Casasempere, Paloma, Rodríguez Almaraz, Esther, Calvo-Alen, Jaime, Álvaro-Gracia Álvaro, José María, Barbado Ajo, Mͣ Julia, Rubio Renau, Raül, Galvez-Fernandez, Marta, Bahamontes-Rosa, Noemí, Sánchez-Covisa Hernández, Joaquín, and Solà Marsiñach, Carlota

Subjects
MEDICAL personnel, SYSTEMIC lupus erythematosus, PHYSICIANS, PATIENT experience, PATIENTS' attitudes, AWARENESS
Abstract

Background and objectives: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune condition that can highly impact patients' quality of life (QoL). However, there is a lack of knowledge about SLE, affecting the general population and health care professionals (HCPs) alike. This lack of knowledge has negative implications for patients and the healthcare system, worsening prognosis, negatively impacting QoL, and increasing healthcare utilization. The aim of this paper is to draw attention, according to the perspective of the participants of this study, to the lack of awareness of SLE and its consequences in Spain, and to suggest improvements. Patients and methods: This qualitative, descriptive, observational, multicenter, and cross-sectional study included 40 patients with moderate or severe SLE, recruited during their routine visits in six university hospitals in Spain. The study also included 11 caregivers and 9 HCPs. All participants were individually interviewed. Data from the interviews were coded and analyzed thematically by two anthropologists following a phenomenological perspective. Results: Our study identified a lack of disease awareness among primary care physicians, emergency medicine doctors, and other specialists treating SLE symptomatology. This led to diagnostic delays, which had a clinical and emotional impact on patients. Furthermore, symptom awareness was found to be context dependent. Differences in symptom awareness between HCPs and patients led to a mismatch between the severity evaluation made by doctors and patients. Some HCPs did not consider the limitations of the current severity evaluation of SLE, and therefore attributed symptoms potentially caused by SLE to the unfavorable socioeconomic conditions patients lived in. Finally, a lack of social awareness among friends, family members, and romantic partners led to lower social support, increased isolation, and negative physical and emotional impact for patients. Gender differences in the provision of support were identified. Conclusion: This study highlights the need to increase SLE awareness among patients, HCPs, and the broader public in order to improve patient QoL. Being aware of the clinical and emotional impact of such lack of awareness, as well as the role played by context on the patient experience of SLE, is a crucial step towards achieving this goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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