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The Portuguese policies of colonisation and Christianisation were closely linked. In 1549, the Portuguese monarchy adopted Catholicism as the official religion of the colonial administration and requested that the Society of Jesus establish the Catholic faith among the indigenous people in Brazil. The Jesuits established catechesis, founded the first schools and exercised a long-lasting hegemony on Brazilian education (1549-1759). The Ratio Studiorum was the uniform method adopted worldwide by the Jesuits. However, this article shows that improvisations were employed to convert the entire population to Christianity. The dialectical exchange between imposition and adaptation had lasting repercussions on Brazilian culture. In addition, the following consequences should be noted: (1) currently, Brazil is the country with the largest Catholic population in the world; (2) Christianity has had a lasting influence on pedagogical thinking in Brazil.

Many children's Bible lessons, even those that are intended to be child-oriented lessons, are consciously or unconsciously designed in ways that serve adult agendas for children rather than serving the interests of children themselves. By engaging the growing movements of childism and childist biblical interpretation, as well as studies in how children read and understand the Bible, religious educators can better facilitate and guide children in Bible lessons that are driven by the children themselves and that better connect to their life contexts, experiences, and felt needs.

This article initiates a discussion on incorporating "religious literacy" into Saudi secondary education. It provides a preliminary understanding of the religious education context and emphasizes that religious literacy is not religious education. It examines the arguments for and against the incorporation of religious literacy in the Saudi context and suggests that religious literacy lessons could find suitability in social studies and history textbooks while embracing the "cultural studies approach." The article advocates a nuanced perspective, proposing pre-implementation steps and underscoring the importance of empirical research and open discussions to ensure a culturally inclusive stance within the Saudi educational context.

This article discusses oral history sources that give insight into how a specific group of teaching sisters (also known as nuns or women religious) reflect on their primary identity as vowed women, and their professional identity as teachers. Their identity was bound up with the fact that they had taken religious vows, and entered a congregation with a clear charism or identity of its own, and they each had their own understanding of vocation. The article also considers the different ways in which they became involved in education; some did not chose to become teachers, while others had a clear desire to teach. The article also discusses the impact of the changes that followed the Second Vatican Council, and notes how these changes impacted upon some of the women in this study.

The ideological role of English, beyond its instrumental value, is reported to be immense. British colonial rule deployed English as an ideological tool which facilitated colonial subjugation and religious conversion. Connections between English and evangelism have widened in the postcolonial and globalising world, leading to labelling English as a missionary language. Acknowledging the association of English with Christianity, scholars have called for examining relationships between English and other religions such as Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam. The relationship of English with Islam is especially complex. While its global spread has encouraged Muslims to utilise it as an Islamic language, English has also been used by the post-9/11 West for moderating Islam. How have Muslim-majority societies responded to English in this complex ideological and geopolitical terrain? How do they manage English teaching in their secular and religious streams of education? This article examines how education policymakers in Bangladesh have dealt with the imperatives of secularisation for mainstream education and de-secularisation for religious education by localising English along the line of world Englishes. Taking the perspective of language as situated practice, I illustrate how the same English language textbooks are used for different ideological goals, with educational, social, and political implications.

Although some have attempted to appropriate elements of Montessori education to select groups of adults (e.g., for learning disabilities, second language acquisition, dementia patients), there have been no comprehensive attempts to validate the adaptation of this approach to the adult learner in general. This exploratory study attempts to provide a rationale as to why it is developmentally legitimate to adapt this pedagogical method to adult education. This is attempted through a consideration of the aim and purpose of Montessori education as well as Maria Montessori's concept of human development. This paper concludes by envisioning initial suggestions for Montessori adult education.

The study explores the potential of participative pedagogy as it solicits young people's perspectives and opens a space for dialogue to clarify how best they can benefit from religious education. Over 300 young students from a Catholic higher education institution in the Philippines have been interviewed to articulate their experiences, expectations, and needs to foster holistic educational engagements among the youth. The data generated from the surveys showed favorable results with some nuances. Informed by these outcomes, religious education curricula may be revised and enhanced for more dynamic, engaging, and challenging faith formation grounded in the students' lived experiences.

The study's aim was to identify the entrepreneurial process ten Jewish immigrant religious educators utilized when establishing innovative educational institutions, thereby affecting the Israeli religious education system. We utilized a social innovation approach to education entrepreneurship applying a qualitative analysis of life story interviews. The findings describe four phases that comprise the education entrepreneurial process: early personal development, critique of the current status quo, call to action, and the establishment of an innovative religious education organization.

Purpose: This paper aims to develop precise statements (standards) to describe the knowledge and skills that should be possessed by Islamic education (IE) teacher candidates who receive their initial preparation in various international higher-education institutions. These statements must be compatible with the requirements and guidelines for building specialized standards set by the Council for Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP), so that they can be used for accreditation and improving quality. Design/methodology/approach: Two panels of IE experts participated in developing and validating the standards, using a combination of Delphi and content validity methods. Alongside this research activity, management activity ensured that the process ran smoothly, as the researcher coordinated panels, allocated resources and tracked progress during standard development. Findings: Twenty-six components divided into five standards were developed into a final list based on the panels. Originality/value: This study provides standards for the preparation of IE teachers in higher-education institutions that can be applied in different countries and geographical regions. Furthermore, it aims to make the subject of IE more comparable with other academic disciplines, and appropriate for CAEP accreditation.

Purpose: Improving the quality of madrasah in the digital era is a must. This can be committed by strengthening aspects of madrasah governance through implementing management strategies that refer more to the integration of technology and Islamic education. This research focuses on madrasah management strategies through the Madrasah Reform program. Design/methodology/approach: This research uses a case study research design that focuses attention on strategic aspects of developing madrasah through the Madrasah Reform program. The informants in this study were 18 people consisting of three madrasah heads from Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI), Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) and Madrasah Aliyah (MA), five teachers and 10 students. Data collection in this study used in-depth and semi-structured interviews with madrasah heads and teachers regarding the implementation of the Madrasah Reform program and also regarding madrasah management strategies at three levels of education. Findings: This study shows that the strategy of managing madrasahs through the Madrasah Reform program in three madrasahs in Indonesia has had a positive impact on improving the quality of madrasahs, although there are still aspects that require development. Research limitations/implications: This research implies that the quality of madrasah in the digital era is determined by management strategies based on the use of educational technology. Practical implications: This program has implications for the development of the quality of human resources in educational institutions, especially in relation to digital literacy among students and teaching staff. The use of digital technology, which is one of the main projections of the Madrasah Reform program, is continuously able to change the face of education in a more modern direction, both in terms of governance and the learning process, so that the output of this program, especially what occurs at Madrasah Madani, is significant development in the aspects of digital literacy and technology. Which is the main criterion in facing a digital-based educational context. Social implications: For a policy aspect, the success of the Madrasah Reform program at Madrasah Madani can be used as a blueprint or model for implementing this program in Islamic educational institutions, specifically Madrasas in South Sulawesi and in general at Madrasas throughout Indonesia. Originality/value: This proves that Madrasah Reform program is a program that can be implemented in madrasahs to improve the quality of madrasah management in the digital era while continuing to carry out simultaneous improvements and evaluations of the program.

In recent years, research into educational leadership has prompted growing appreciation for the critical role which both cultural and societal tenets can have in shaping school leadership approaches. With that in mind, this study examines a school leadership model grounded in Islamic values and beliefs. More specifically, this study attempts to develop an Islamic-Oriented Educational Leadership (IOEL) model for Muslim school leaders. This is an exploratory study designed within a qualitative paradigm of the interpretive, grounded theory process. Data were collected from twenty-four international experts in Islamic educational leadership. Two main themes related to the IOEL model emerged from data analysis, namely: (a) Holistic Islamic Education, and (b) Cultivating Effective Model Leaders. Moreover, the researchers assert that the ways in which a school principal's ethical and religious beliefs affect their mindset illustrate the significance of context in shaping school leadership. This study's findings have practical implications.

Service learning can prepare undergraduate students with the necessary civic capacities and commitments for today's solutions to wicked social problems. However, most studies on the civic outcomes of service learning, such as civic-mindedness, are student self-reports on surveys given at the end of an academic term. A more nuanced understanding of civic-mindedness as an outcome of service learning is needed using qualitative research and longitudinal follow-up. Hence, this case study aimed to examine the development of civic-mindedness among undergraduate students from an institution of Jesuit higher education in the capital of the Philippines by following up with them six years after their participation in a curricular service learning experience in a public health care setting. Out of 24 eligible study participants, 13 took part in a focus group discussion. Thematic analysis of verbatim transcripts revealed civic-mindedness as an enduring outcome of curricular service learning. Our findings support the growing literature on the teachable moments that can come with rendering service in the community and the fundamental role of educators in designing a well-structured curricular service learning program that can leave a lasting impression on their students' civic identity.

This article seeks to engage the often-overlooked voices of mothers and daughters in the face of patriarchal dominance. Conversations between mothers and daughters are important spaces for the exploration of faith experiences and provide transformative power. Through these conversations, the practice of story-linking comes to life, enabling re-listening to and re-telling Christian faith stories in the Bible entrenched in church tradition. This endeavor promotes a life-affirming approach to transformative learning. Reflecting on these conversations, this study contributes to Christian religious education within the family context, casting ripples of transformation throughout the church and society.

The aim of this article is to conduct a systematic review of articles on climate change in religious education found through scholarly databases. Five database searches have been conducted, resulting in 49 academic journal articles. The results are categorized into studies that focus on theory and methodology, observations of existing practices, and quantitative studies on climate change. The key findings include the recognition of an environmental crisis and the cultivation of hope regarding climate change. It demonstrates that religious education can play a crucial role in schools by addressing climate anxiety and fostering hope for a brighter future.

Children and adolescents need a vision of hope and success that will motivate them to take action. This discussion describes some ways of pondering the mandate in the Bible to care for the earth and for each other.

The devastating impacts of climate change on daily life are becoming more and more apparent. These challenging times call for religious educators in all contexts to help faith communities bring the lens of climate justice to all aspects of faith formation. In this article, the Religious Education Association (REA) 2024 program chairs share experiences that have shaped their own commitment to climate justice and offer insight into the foci of the upcoming Dear Earth conference.

Ecological crises are also spiritual ones, leading to profound heartbreak. By helping us to understand and value the nature of heartbreak, as well as helping to find a balance between heartbreak and hope, religious traditions can play a significant role in empowering people to address serious environmental problems. This paper discusses how reconnection and ritual can help people to strike that balance.

This paper initiates a novel discourse advocating for the anti-colonization of religious education (RE) in Africa South of the Sahara (ASoS). It illustrates how anti-colonial critiques can not only offer more precise theoretical perspectives but also generate a practical imperative for a paradigm shift in a school subject "still" influenced by what I have labeled as the neocoloniality of power. In some countries, attempts to decolonize RE through multi-faithism are being forsaken, reverting the subject to the Christonormativity of the colonial era. The paper contends that the process of reconceptualizing RE with an anti-colonial mindset should inspire innovative ideas for an anti-colonized RE aligned with the educational goals in an African postcolonial environment.

When a conflict between science and faith is perceived by the child, who will help them? Parents, grandparents, and other caretakers can model the embrace of both faith and science. In some situations, schools and teachers can foster both spirituality and science education. More commonly, with proper guidance and practical examples from different faith traditions, religion teachers can model and incorporate the compatibility of faith and science in a religious education program.

The blame appended to anthropocentric leanings of traditional Christian thought for our ecological woes challenged me to do a reality check of our context and religious education's offering for an ailing world. I begin by looking at our ecological crises in the Philippines and searching for glimmers of hope from young Filipino environmental attitudes, ecological initiatives of NGOs, and government and academic engagements of Filipino religious educators. I draw inspiration from the growing sentiments and collective anxiety of people relative to our environmental issues. What earth care initiatives can religious education promote in response to the universal call for climate justice?

Based on autoethnographic descriptions of recent climate events in Germany, Greece, and England, three colleagues describe these events' impact on daily life and their implications for religious education in European schools. The argument oscillates between struggling for climate justice and enduring its aporias. In the aporetic (learning) space, it is important to turn hope into concrete and realistic actions that keep people, societies, and education moving.

In recent research on moral psychology, the human consciousness has been compared to a tongue, with different taste buds, which together can cause a variety of sensations. According to this theory, people in general have a preparedness to react to situations, which can provide opportunities or pose threats in a social context. Moral psychologist, Jonathan Haidt, has described these receptors as pairs, for example: care/harm, fairness/cheating, loyalty/ betrayal, authority/subversion and sanctity/degradation. Which of these foundations the individual develops a taste for depends, largely, on the social and cultural context. Hence, the choices teachers make of which issues to address and in what way can contribute to a learning environment that influences their pupils' moral outlook. The purpose of this study is to investigate which of these moral intuitions or taste preferences that teachers want to endorse and cultivate in their pedagogical practices. Against this background, a number of qualitative research interviews were conducted with experienced teachers in the non-confessional subject religious education (RE), who have a particular responsibility for moral education in the Swedish school system. The interviews were based on a modified version of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire, which was deliberately developed to determine the participants' moral taste, and the participants were asked to elaborate their answers. The results indicate that the participants tended to favour harm and fairness over loyalty, authority and sanctity. As one of the participants puts it: "many of my examples relate to the weak and vulnerable or the ones that are denied their rights in society…these pedagogical choices are based on the content of the curriculum but also mirror my own preferences". In this paper we analyse the interviews with the RE teachers and critically discuss the consequences the moral foundations theory has for moral education.

Character education and student, achievement are two main focuses of education in Indonesia in recent years that must be improved. The educators are given the mandate to innovate the learning strategy following the government policy to overcome these problems. This study aims to strengthen the religious character and improve the learning outcome of students through learning innovation that integrated the religious values into learning material that was carried out by involving the school-community collaboration in biology class. This is quasi-experimental research of pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design that involves 240 participants of four public high schools in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. The students' religious character and learning outcome were measured using questionnaires and essay tests, respectively. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using the ANCOVA test. The results showed that there was no interaction between the pretest data as a covariate with learning strategies, both on religious character data and student learning outcome. Both religious character and student learning outcomes in the experimental group were significantly higher than in the control group. The results revealed that school-community collaboration in applying inquiry-based learning that integrated religious values can be used as a strategy to strengthen students' religious character as well as improve learning outcomes.

Students' collaborative thinking skills in the elementary schools still need attention to be improved. Most elementary school students have difficulty in cultivating this skill. Even though, this skill is one of the 21st century skills, namely 4C (creative thinking skill, critical thinking skill, communication skill and collaborative thinking skill). This study aims to improve the students collaboration thinking skills under the implementation of a cooperative learning type, namely a quantum teaching model. This research was conducted by using quasi experiment in the form of non-equivalent (pre-test and post-test) control group design. The sample in this study were students of the Integrated Islamic Elementary School, Al-Musabbihin, Medan City, totaling 55 students. To test the difference of the students' collaborative thinking skills in the control class and experiment class under the implementation of quantum teaching model, we used statistics analysis tools, namely homogeneity test and independent sample t-test. The results of Levene Statistic for homogeneity test showed a significance value of 0.762 > 0.05, which means the two classes are homogeneous. The independent sample "t-test" showed that the score is 0.007 < 0.05, which implies the difference between the two classes is significant. It concludes that the implementation of quantum teaching model can improve the students' collaboration thinking skills in Islamic Religious Education Learning. Therefore, increasing the teachers skills in developing quantum teaching learning materials needs to be improved simultaneously through government policy programs or independently through deliberation activities for teachers of Islamic religious education subjects.

Learning online during pandemic COVID-19 must still accommodate creativity. This study aimed to identify the level of student creativity using the STREAM (ScienceTechnology-Religion-Engineering-Arts-Mathematics) approach. It was conducted on an online practicum in the Plant Anatomy course. The purpose of this study was to identify the level of student creativity in various indicators of creativity through a performance assessment of the product of the practicum report. The static-group comparison design was used as the research design. The target population is the fourth-semester student in the Department of Biology Education. The samples were chosen using purposive sampling, determining class IV-A (39 students) as a regular class and class IV-C (38 students) as intervention one. The research was equipped with creativity performance tasks, rubrics with a scoring of practicum reports' performance assessments, and field notes. Each student designs and makes one of the anatomical structural models of roots, stems, or leaves. The practicum report was used to identify their level of creativity. The data were analyzed by calculating the creativity level percentage in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results showed that the creativity level of the intervention class is excelling (57.89%), while the regular class the emerging (58.79%). The STREAM approach provides a better level of creativity.

This study aims to describe character development in elementary schools in Malaysia and Indonesia. The research method used is a qualitative method with a literature study design. The data collected in this study is about government policies regarding Character Education contained in the Curriculum Structure and supporting policies in the two countries. Analysis of the data used is content analysis. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively through the process of description, reduction, categorization, and interpretation. The results show that Indonesia and Malaysia have a strong commitment to developing education. Character education is developed in elementary schools or low schools through school textbooks, lesson plans, examples, and the existence of certain subjects, such as civic education and religious subjects. The conclusion obtained about the similarities is that character development is carried out under the auspices of the ministry of education and the method used is through textbooks and learning examples. The difference is, in Indonesia character has been directly included in the lesson plans and developed in all subjects, but there are two special subjects that are intended to shape students' attitudes and character. while in Malaysia character development is implemented in Islamic Education and Moral Education subjects as well as embedded in other subjects like Malay Language, English Language and History Education.

This article makes the case for repositioning values and ethics as central to understanding how curriculum knowledge can be educationally powerful. Disciplinary knowledge can help individuals make sense of the present, explore alternative futures and participate in society, making ethical choices about how to live. This, however, depends on particular relationships between curriculum, disciplinary knowledge, values and ethical perspectives. We argue that the recent research agenda exploring disciplinary knowledge underplays the values dimension in how curriculum knowledge is constructed and used. First, we give an overview of the recent thrust of curriculum debates in subject education communities, placing this in some historical context. Here, we recognise the need to make a robust case for school subjects and their important relationship with disciplines. We go on to examine some arguments around the role of knowledge in curriculum. Taking the concept of the Anthropocene (the human epoch of the planet) and from our perspectives as geography and religious education educators, we propose a focus on ethical disposition and interdisciplinarity to make the values dimensions of curriculum knowledge more visible.

This study looks at the difficulties that IIUM postgraduate students have when memorizing the Qur'an and working at the same time during their studies. The goal of this study is to find out how IIUM postgraduate students balanced Qur'an memorization and working activities during their studies, to identify the difficulties they faced, and to find out how they balanced Qur'an memorization and working activities. A case study was used in this study to create a qualitative design. The data was collected via methodical triangulation, and the data was gathered through verbal interviews. Two postgraduate students from IIUM were chosen to be interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to examine the data. The keywords were determined once the data from the interviews were transcribed. The researchers then identified the theme for further investigation before analyzing the data. The findings revealed that these students value Qur'an memorization but that there is no timetable for memorizing the whole Qur'an due to their busy schedules.

Learners need to possess scientific literacy in order to be able to analyze and explain scientific concepts and solve daily life problems. The current study aimed to analyze the potential of the Socio-Science Spirituality learning model to improve the scientific literacy of students at the junior high school level. The sample of this research contained eight-grade students from an Islamic based school in Surabaya. A quasi-experimental design was used in this study involving the Socio-Science Spirituality class as the experimental group and the conventional class as the control group. Data were collected using multiple choice tests where the questions were developed based on 37 scientific literacy indicators. The data were analyzed using ANCOVA. The results showed that the application of the learning model influenced students' scientific literacy, where the Socio-Science Spirituality group increased their scientific literacy 28.37% higher than the conventional group. In short, the Socio-Science Spirituality learning model has a higher potential to increase students' scientific literacy, so that it can be used as a new reference to empower students' scientific literacy.

This qualitative study aimed to explore the implementation of community-based education (CBE) in the village of Desa Karang Pandan, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The CBE was conducted in order to educate the community members in information technology, Arabic language, Quran reading, Boy Scout activities, and indigenous martial arts. Apart from that, the CBE was implemented to address specific communal issues, such as lack of self-efficacy, sense of mattering, and general well-being of the community members. Data was collected through observations and interviews along the CBE program, and analyzed by utilizing thematic analysis methods. Positive responses were shown in the interview results. They were represented by the frequent occurrences of themes such as improvement of mattering and self-efficacy, higher motivation to learn and the development of general wellbeing. Nevertheless, it is possible that the positive responses from the community members were caused by the novelty effect of the program. Further concerns and limitations are discussed in the end of this paper.

This study aimed to see how students' motivation and understanding of the concept of Islamic religion in students in rural and urban areas. This research uses mixed-method research. Qualitative data will be supporting data for quantitative data. The sample of this study consisted of 87 students and eight teachers in urban and 99 students and eight teacher rural Islamic elementary school students with random sampling technique. Instrument in the study used a questionnaire for motivation with a Likert scale of 4 and a test for understanding the concept of Islam. In this study, there are two types of data analysis used, namely quantitative analysis using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and category), and inferential statistics (independent sample t-test) using the SPSS 21 application, for qualitative using reducing analysis, analyzing, and interpreting findings from Miles and Huberman. The findings of this study illustrated that motivation was good (M=2.88, SD=0.78) and understanding of student concepts (M=81, SD=0.77) was good too, but in rural areas are better than in urban areas. This finding has implications that the challenges of Islamic religion in urban areas are greater for students. The novelty in this study is the implicit finding of this study that external factors (school social environment, community social environment, family environment) have a major influence on motivation and understanding of Islamic religious concepts.

"Madrasah diniyah" is a very special Islamic education system in Indonesia that can be implemented from primary, secondary, and even higher education levels. This study aimed to explain the integration of the madrasah system in Islamic Religious Universities in the framework of strengthening religious moderation. The research method used was qualitative with a symbolic interactionalism approach. The main informants in this study were eleven people from the elements of the chancellor, vice-rector 1, head of "Madrasah diniyah" (Mudhir), teachers/"ustadz," and students at State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Tulungagung selected by purposive sampling technique. The research implementation procedure was technically carried out by the stages of data collection, reduction, presentation, and analysis. This study found that the integration of the "Madrasah diniyah" system into the learning system at IAIN Tulungagung is quite effective in increasing students' religious knowledge. The implementation of "Madrasah diniyah" needs the support of all stakeholders in higher education. The obstacles faced need to be minimized in terms of infrastructure improvement and participant readiness. The "Madrasah diniyah" system which is integrated into the learning system in universities is a breakthrough in the world of higher education. With the effective integration of the "Madrasah diniyah" system into the learning system at Islamic religious universities, the implementation of "Madrasah diniyah" requires the support of all stakeholders. Therefore, the "Madrasah diniyah" system integration model is a model that can be developed in other Islamic religious universities.

Teachers in the non-confessional Swedish subject religious education have conflicting responsibilities to convey values and facilitate critical thinking. The research regarding these responsibilities has often been considered a theoretical problem and the discussion has concerned theoretical solutions. However, the problem is not only theoretical. It is in fact also a practical problem that many teachers frequently encounter. The overall aim of this paper is thus to draw attention to these conflicting responsibilities as a practical problem that teachers face and are expected to solve in their pedagogical practices. In line with this aim, a number of qualitative research interviews were conducted with experienced religious education teachers, who are considered to have a particular responsibility for moral education in the Swedish school system. The purpose of the interviews was to investigate how they relate to their sometimes conflicting responsibilities and consequently make an empirically informed contribution to the debate. This is an important task since there are no official guidelines on how teachers are to balance these responsibilities in their pedagogical practices.

Private religious schools are widely seen as value-laden communities that mold the character of their students. Thus, we expect adults who attended religious schools as children to demonstrate more favorable family outcomes related to stable marriages and childbearing. We further expect Protestant schooling to have a more powerful effect on marital outcomes than Catholic schooling, given the heavier focus of Protestantism on marriage. Finally, we expect stronger positive associations between religious schooling and marital outcomes for adults who grew up in difficult circumstances compared to adults who grew up in advantaged circumstances. We test these hypotheses using survey data from the Understanding America Study. Our three outcome variables are ever marrying and never divorcing, ever divorcing, and conceiving a child out-of-wedlock. Most of the results confirm our hypotheses. Protestant schooling is associated with more positive marital outcomes across all three measures. Catholic schooling is significantly correlated with a lower likelihood of having a child outside of marriage. The associations between religious schooling and desirable marriage outcomes are strongest for adults who grew up poor and for those raised in intact families.

The intersection in 2020 of the new COVID-19 pandemic with the ongoing pandemic of anti-black racism exacerbated existing injustices as well as caused and revealed new inequities in US higher education. Because inequities in assessment in particular were intensified by these twin pandemics, faculty at several US colleges revised assessment approaches as part of their pedagogical partnership work over the last year. This paper describes the one-on-one, semester-long, pedagogical partnerships these faculty undertook with undergraduates not enrolled in the faculty members' courses. It reviews the commitments of such partnership work to equity and justice, offers examples of how four faculty-student pairs across the disciplines at three US colleges revised their approaches to assessment, and analyzes how these examples work toward equity and justice. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of such work not only at the intersection of twin pandemics but under all circumstances.

Transdisciplinary-based learning (TDBL) is a need of teachers in teaching where its existence offers for solutions to solve teaching and learning problems in class. In this case, the presence of TDBL in Aqidah Akhlak subject means integrating Islamic teaching into science as knowledge in a holistic way. Thus, this study aims to propose a new way of teaching by developing the learning materials for the Aqidah Akhlak subject which is integrated into TDBL. Plomp's model of research and development design is used in this research which typically includes five stages including problem analysis, design, realization, implementation, and evaluation. The result from expert validation both for student and teacher books is considered in the eligible category, highly eligible for field trial assessment, and practical category for the practical assessment. Students' performance on Aqidah Akhlak subject is dominated by moderate level rather than high one. T-test proved that the use of TDBL Aqidah Akhlak learning materials effective to be utilized in class. Through the result of the study, it can be concluded that the proposed product of TDBL Aqidah Akhlak learning materials can be used both for students and teachers. Discussion and research implications are discussed further in this study.

This research aims to examine the factors that contribute to the success of empowering Muslim communities in West Java Province's poorest neighborhoods through religious education, halal food security, and socio-religious resilience. Quantitative research techniques, specifically survey research, are employed here. A questionnaire was used to collect information from 185 people who were selected at random using a proportional sampling formula. Smart-PLS 3.0 was used to perform the statistical analysis. The study's findings suggest that the effectiveness of government and private-sector efforts to empower Muslim communities is impacted by the level of religious education given to the Muslim community, both in terms of broad-brush religious education and more specialized forms of education. A well-planned halal food security program has a higher chance of successfully empowering Muslims. A Muslim community's ability to empower itself is heavily influenced by the degree to which its members feel socially and religiously safe. Muslim community empowerment programs are carried out by the government, private institutions (NGOs and companies), and campuses; they are significantly influenced by religious education and life skills education, halal food security, and social-religion security.

Project-based learning is a learner-centered process that gives freedom to the students to design their own project works. Though numerous research results on the enactment of Project-Based Learning instruction have already been reported, only a limited number have reported its enactment in a virtual learning environment. This present research employed Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), which unpacks the students' learning experience after being exposed to Virtual Project-Based Learning, henceforth Virtual PjBL. The researchers administered in-depth interviews with eighteen students who came from two different classes in an Islamic Higher Education in Indonesia. Findings show that five significant themes emerged from data collection and analysis; increasing active participation and motivation, developing critical thinking skills, participating in collaborative group discussion, developing skills in using digital tools, and building peer and lecturer communication. This result contributes to the earlier studies dealing with students' English learning experience of Virtual PjBL instruction. It also adds the pedagogical implications to the research related to Virtual PjBL enactment in Islamic higher education settings.

Recently, Madrasa education development, especially in Islamic countries like Indonesia, has become a significant issue that needs the attention of academic and regulators alike. Therefore, the present research examines the impact of government support and human resource (HR) improvement on Madrasa education development in Indonesia. The researchers also investigate the moderating role of institutional policies among the nexus of government support, HR improvement and Madrasa education development in Indonesia. The researchers have followed the primary data collection approach using questionnaires for data collection from the selected respondents. The present article also uses the smart-PLS to evaluate the relations among variables and the validity of the constructs. The results indicate that government support and HR improvement have a positive association with Madrasa education development in Indonesia. The results also revealed that institutional policies significantly moderate among the nexus of government support, HR improvement and Madrasa education development in Indonesia. These outcomes are meaningful for the Madrasa developing and regulating authorities while formulating rules and regulations regarding Madrasa education development in the country.

One aspect that must be owned by a leader is integrity. Considering that currently, the Islamic-based education system is very popular in Indonesia, the purpose of this study is to identify the "Tahfidzul Qur'an" Education System (T-QES) in creating leaders with integrity. The quasi-qualitative research was conducted in two Islamic boarding schools in Bandung. The participants used is 20 participants consisting of 2 principals, 6 deputy principals, 7 "mudaris" (teachers), 1 expert and 4 "santri" (students in Islamic boarding schools) during the 2019-2021 school year. The instrument used is an open interview instrument. Meanwhile, data analysis was carried out with percentages and mapped with the help of the NVivo 12 software. The results show that the T-QES plays an important role in creating leaders with integrity. Thus, the T-QES can be one of the recommendations that can be used in an education system.

The purposes of the study consequently were (1) to study background information needed in the development of a Buddhism curriculum in developing vulnerable youths' social adaptation, (2) to develop a Buddhism curriculum in developing vulnerable youths' social adaptation, and (3) to implement the Buddhism curriculum in developing vulnerable youths' social adaptation. The study was divided into 3 phases including need analysis, curriculum development, and curriculum implementation. The participants were 50 stakeholders of vulnerable youth caregivers in phase 1, 5 experts in phase 2, and 100 vulnerable youths in phase 3. The instruments were an interview form, a curriculum evaluation form, an integrated curriculum of the Buddhist morals, and a pre-post test. The data were analyzed using content analysis, percentages, mean scores, standard deviation, and a paired sample t-test. The main findings could be summarized that using the integrated curriculum of the Buddhist morals was beneficial in strengthening the social adaptation of vulnerable youths. However, the developmental processes of the curriculum also demand the analysis of information regarding vulnerable youths, their environment, and potential Buddhism morals that could benefit their life skills. Students also need learning activities that could help them make a connection between religious morals and life situations.

This was a qualitative research study, which utilized systematic Grounded Theory methodologies and was conducted at the Dhammavithi School (alias), which has been recognized as an exemplary Buddhist Way School from the perspective of those, who had witnessed the phenomenon. The results of the research presented a procedural theory that illustrated the following two important operational characteristics of this school: (1) it was operated by utilizing the principle of "Dtrai Sìk-Kaa," and (2) it was managed by utilizing the twenty-nine ways of Buddhist identity. There were three important reasons for the implementation of such methods: (1) the problems, (2) inspiration & expectations, and (3) cooperation from communities, schools, and temples. Therefore, this led to the following two key strategies: (1) determining the school's aspirations, visions, and identities to work together; and (2) determining the roles of the personnel that could emphasize the adoption of the Buddhist ways of life under the contextual conditions, in which students were at risk and the intervening conditions had created an integrated student care system. Many positive results led the Dhammavithi School (alias) to be recognized as an exemplary Buddhist Way School.

English for Islamic Studies is taught as the general subject in the State Islamic Institute of Palopo. Therefore, the researchers aimed to develop valid English materials for learners of the Islamic education study program. The researchers applied the 4-D model by Thiagarajan et al. It consists of four stages namely, defining, designing, developing and disseminating. There were 68 learners who answered a questionnaire for needing analysis, 23 learners involved in the field tryout, and three lecturers assessed and reviewed the product. Questionnaires and field notes were used as the research instruments. The obtained data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The researchers created English materials in the form of a textbook in which it consists of ten units. The topics are 5 pillars of Islam, 6 pillars of faith, daily life of a Muslim, Islamic figure, ulul azmi, Amal Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar, halal and haram, Islamic education in Indonesia, Muslim generation, and religious moderation. The data gathered during the trial period revealed that the textbook was suitable to learning process, met the learners' needs, and it was well-received by the learners. They were engaged, motivated, and excited to complete the activities outlined in the textbook. Therefore, the textbook can be used by lecturers and learners in Indonesia as a learning medium.

Islamic moderation is highly vital in any field of life especially in higher educational context. In the context of this study, the researcher employed phenomenological study by the aim to investigate policy made by policy makers in two public universities in Balikpapan and Samarinda regarding the mainstreaming Islamic moderation in their universities by using in-depth interview. Additionally, the implementation of Islamic moderation was also explored especially on the steps of planning, implementing, and evaluating the teaching and learning process of Islamic Religious Education course or what so called by Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) course by utilizing direct observation, field-notes, and added by document analysis. Finally, in-depth interview was conducted to highlight the challenges faced by the PAI lecturers in mainstreaming Islamic moderation in Islamic Religious course. As a result, Islamic moderation was reflected in the policy made by the policy makers at both public universities in terms of hidden curriculum. Moreover, Islamic moderation values was also revealed in every aspect of teaching and learning of Islamic Religious course including planning, implementing, and evaluating. Lastly, the Islamic Religious lecturers encountered eight barriers when implementing Islamic moderation during PAI course. Novelty and pedagogical implications were also emphasized in this research.

School leaders serve religiously diverse communities, engaging with staff and parents from many backgrounds to address the academic and development needs of all children. While educator preparation often includes some instruction in cultural competence, religious diversity gets little attention. The purpose of this conceptual article is to provide guidance for school leaders to create a workplace and school culture hospitable to employees from all religious, spiritual, and non-religious backgrounds. Using Miller and Ewest's (2015) Faith and Work Organizational framework, this article reviews findings from the management literature on workplace spirituality including the sparse empirical literature on religious expression in the school (as a workplace) and from case law on employment-related religious expression in schools. We synthesize the concepts and findings into actionable recommendations for school leaders to guide them towards creating inclusive, religiously plural, faith-safe or faith-friendly workplaces where educators can flourish and thrive. Recommendations include a policy review, adoption of norms of respectful pluralism, and religious literacy training.

This article examines Muslim parents' private school choice, their understanding of public-private schooling and how they navigate the choice between fee-free public schools and fee-charging private schools. This article draws on qualitative data from open-ended, semi-structured interviews with 38 parents from Muslim-majority areas in Delhi, India. The findings show that parents choose private schools for several reasons, such as their proximity, discipline, emphasis on Islamic teachings and values, safety and caring teachers. The analysis suggests that structural and social factors influence and construct parents' choice of a particular school. The neighbourhood where they reside, their minority status, their socio-economic and demographic profile, and the type of schools that are available to them influence their decision making.