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Herbivore distributions and abundance are shifting because of climate change, leading to intensified grazing pressure on foundation species such as seagrasses. This, combined with rapidly increasing magnitudes of change in estuarine ecosystems, may affect seagrass resilience. While the overall resilience of seagrasses is generally well-studied, the timeframes of recovery has received comparatively little attention, particularly in temperate estuaries. We investigated how the recovery time (RT) of seagrass is affected by simulated grazing in a southwestern Australian estuary. Whilst excluding swans, we simulated different grazing intensities (25, 50, 75, and 100% removal from 1 m2 plots) at four locations in the Swan-Canning Estuary, Western Australia during summer and tracked the recovery of seagrass over 3 months, using seagrass cover as the main measure of recovery.We found that seagrass recovered within 4--6 weeks from the lower grazing intensities (25 and 50%) and 7--19 weeks from the higher grazing intensities (75 and 100%) across the estuary. Increased grazing intensity led to not only longer recovery times (RTs), but also greater variability in the RT among experimental locations. The RT from the higher grazing intensities at one location in particular was more than double other locations. Seagrass recovery was through vegetative mechanisms and not through sexual reproduction. There was a significant grazing treatment effect on seagrass meadow characteristics, particularly belowground biomass which had not recovered 3 months following grazing. As the pressure of climate change on estuarine environments increases, these quantified RTs for seagrass provide a baseline for understanding grazing pressure as a singular disturbance. Future work can now examine how grazing and other potentially interacting pressures in our changing climate could impact seagrass recovery even further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of cyclic tests on the shape memory performance of graphene oxide‐carbon fiber (GO‐CF) hybrid‐reinforced shape memory polymer composite (SMPC). The shape memory performance was evaluated by four indexes: shape fixation rate, shape recovery rate, recovery time, and maximum recovery force. The results showed that the service life of the GO‐CF hybrid‐reinforced SMPC prepared by the vacuum infiltration hot‐press forming experimental system process (VIHPS) was 16 cycles. After 16 repetitions, the shape fixation rate decreased by approximately 6.6% and the shape recovery rate decreased by approximately 14.0%. At this time, the shape recovery rate was lower than 90%. The recovery time increased by 62.2% and the maximum recovery force decreased by 70.1%. The maximum recovery force exhibited the highest performance attenuation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to photograph and analyze the microstructures of the samples under various cyclic tests. It was concluded that the main factor affecting the shape memory performance of GO‐CF hybrid‐reinforced SMPC is the life of fiber bundle. During cyclic testing, the fiber was prone to kinks, tensile damage and other defects, which increased the probability of reducing the length of the fiber bundle. Therefore, the probability of fiber fracture was improved, and the shape memory performance of the GO‐CF hybrid‐reinforced SMPC was attenuated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the basic requirements for sustainable forest management in mixed broadleaved stands is to provide suitable conditions for natural regeneration of trees. These conditions include, but are not limited to, the frequency, quality and the composition of seedling species. Compacted soil layers caused by forest machinery traffic are the most common problem affecting seedling establishment and growth after skidding operations. In this study, we evaluated the frequency, quality, diversity of seedling species and physicochemical properties of soil on 10-, 20- and 30-year-old abandoned skid trails. Further comparison to the values of the mentioned above parameters in control areas allowed for the evaluation in terms of natural recovery processes, under varying traffic intensity and the longitudinal slope of the skid trails in a mixed broadleaved forest. Results showed that there is a significant positive trend of recovery for soil physicochemical properties and ecological characteristics (density and quality) of seedling growing on the skid trails. The time required to recover soil properties and ecological attributes of seedlings increased with increasing traffic intensity and slope of the skid trail. Our results showed that it takes 20 and 30 years to fully recover the chemical and physical properties of the soil, respectively. On the 30-year-old skid trails, density and species diversity indices were fully recovered, but the quality of the seedlings was not restored to the control conditions. The results suggest the importance of a proper planning of the skid trail network, avoiding in particular skid trails with a slope gradient higher than 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Office cooling systems are controlled with on/off control according to typical occupancy patterns. During unoccupancy, the cooling systems remain switched off to reduce unnecessary energy consumption. During occupancy, however, the cooling systems are in operation to decrease the indoor air temperature, which is increased during unoccupancy, to the cooling set-point temperature. The time required to decrease the indoor air temperature to the cooling set-point temperature is defined as the "recovery time". According to the recovery time, the indoor thermal comfort at the occupancy start time may worsen, and unnecessary energy may be consumed. Moreover, a cooling system capacity affects the recovery time and the energy consumption because the amount of heat that the cooling system can remove varies according to its size. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the indoor thermal environment and the energy consumption according to the capacity and the restart time of the cooling system. This study implemented a building system energy simulation using EnergyPlus to evaluate the indoor air temperature, recovery time, and energy consumption of the cooling system while varying the capacity and restart time. As a result, the recovery time was between 49 and 425 min. and energy consumption varied between 419.0 and 521.4 kWh for various capacities. The recovery time was between 26 and 153 min. and energy consumption was between 426.0 and 439.0 kWh for various restart times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene has great potential to be used for humidity sensing due to its ultrahigh surface area and conductivity. However, the impact of different atomic layers of graphene on the SiO 2 /Si substrate on humidity sensing has not been studied yet. In this paper, we fabricated three types of humidity sensors on the SiO 2 /Si substrate based on one to three atomic layers of graphene, in which the sensing areas of graphene are 75 μm × 72 μm and 45 μm × 72 μm, respectively. We studied the impact of both the number of atomic layers of graphene and the sensing areas of graphene on the responsivity and response/recovery time of the prepared graphene-based humidity sensors. We found that the relative resistance change of the prepared devices decreased with the increase of number of atomic layers of graphene under the same change of relative humidity. Further, devices based on tri-layer graphene showed the fastest response/recovery time, while devices based on double-layer graphene showed the slowest response/recovery time. Finally, we chose devices based on double-layer graphene that have relatively good responsivity and stability for application in respiration monitoring and contact-free finger monitoring.

Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia, and its development process and prediction of the degree of atrial fibrosis are of great significance for treatment and management. Optical imaging technology provides a new means for non-invasive observation of atrial electrical activity. The aim of this study is to investigate the predictive effect of sinus node recovery time on the degree of atrial fibrosis in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and to provide a basis for the application of optical imaging technology in the study of atrial fibrosis. The study collected clinical and optical imaging data from a group of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and used statistical analysis methods to investigate the relationship between sinus node recovery time and the degree of atrial fibrosis. The research results indicate that there is a significant correlation between the recovery time of the sinus node and the degree of atrial fibrosis, that is, there is a positive correlation between the prolonged recovery time of the sinus node and the aggravation of atrial fibrosis. SNRT can serve as an effective indicator for evaluating atrial matrix and can be applied to predict recurrence after catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Shortening SNRT through catheter ablation can become an important predictor of effective catheter ablation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Cataracts have been considered as one of the major causes for reducing the vision-related quality of life and increasing the risk of comorbidities and mortality among the general population., Aim: This study aimed to assess the importance of grading cataracts in predicting recovery time and final visual outcomes after cataract surgery., Method: A retrospective consecutive case review of elective cataract surgeries performed in a tertiary care hospital during a three-year period from 2019 to 2021 was studied. The postoperative visual status was correlated with grading., Results: The reports of this study implicate the fact that 16.4% of the patients had grade 1 anterior segment cataracts. Visual acuity of perfect vision (6/6P) was obtained in 24% of patients, and 41.2% of patients had grade 1 anterior segment cataract surgery on day 1 (p<0.005) . Perfect vision at 6/6 visual acuity was obtained in 24% of patients, and 27.5% of patients had grade 2 anterior segment cataract surgery in week 1 (p<0.05) ., Conclusion: The study shows that patients with grade 1 anterior segment cataract surgery had a better visual recovery time and visual outcome. The grading system of cataracts has further shown improvement in the vision care of the patients, along with showing reliability and monitoring of cataract formation., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Institutional Review Board, Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Chennai, India issued approval (SMC/IEC/2021/06/146). Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, A et al.)

Compound hot-dry events cause more severe impacts on terrestrial ecosystems than dry events, while the differences in recovery time (ΔRT) between hot-dry and dry events and their contributing factors remain unclear. Both remote sensing observations and eddy covariance measurements reveal that hot-dry events prolong the recovery time compared with dry events, with greater prolongation of recovery time in drylands than in humid regions. Random forest regression modeling demonstrates that the difference in vapor pressure deficit between hot-dry and dry events, with an importance score of 35%, is the major factor contributing to ΔRT. The severity of stomatal restriction exceeds that of non-stomatal limitation, which restricts the vegetation productivity that is necessary for the recovery process. These results emphasize the negative effect of vapor pressure deficit on vegetation recovery during hot-dry events and project an extension of drought recovery time considering elevated vapor pressure deficit in a warming world., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.)

Objective Recovery time and treatment effect of oseltamivir in influenza-like illness (ILI) differs between patient groups. A point-of-care test to better predict ILI duration and identify patients who are most likely to benefit from oseltamivir treatment would aid prescribing decisions in primary care. This study aimed to investigate whether a C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration of ≥30 mg/L can predict (1) ILI disease duration, and (2) which patients are most likely to benefit from oseltamivir treatment. Design Secondary analysis of randomized controlled trial data. Setting Primary care in Lithuania, Sweden and Norway during three consecutive influenza seasons 2016–2018. Subjects A total of 277 ILI patients aged one year or older and symptom duration of ≤72 h. Main outcome measures Capillary blood CRP concentration at baseline, and ILI recovery time defined as having ‘returned to usual daily activity’ with residual symptoms minimally interfering. Results At baseline, 20% (55/277) had CRP concentrations ≥30mg/L (range 0–210). CRP concentration ≥30 mg/L was not associated with recovery time (adjusted hazards ratio (HR) 0.80: 95% CI 0.50–1.3; p = 0.33). Interaction analysis of CRP concentration ≥30 mg/L and oseltamivir treatment did not identify which patients benefit more from oseltamivir treatment (adjusted HR 0.69: 95% CI 0.37–1.3; p = 0.23). Conclusion There was no association between CRP concentration of ≥30 mg/L and recovery time from ILI. Furthermore, CRP could not predict which ILI patients benefit more from oseltamivir treatment. Hence, we do not recommend CRP testing for predicting ILI recovery time or identifying patients who will receive particular benefit from oseltamivir treatment.Key Points Predicting disease course of influenza-like illness (ILI), and identifying which patients benefit from oseltamivir treatment is a challenge for physicians. • There was no association between CRP concentration at baseline and recovery time in patients consulting with ILI in primary care. • There was no association between CRP concentration at baseline and benefit from oseltamivir treatment. • We, therefore, do not recommend CRP testing for predicting recovery time or in decision-making concerning oseltamivir prescribing in ILI patients.

Herbivore distributions and abundance are shifting because of climate change, leading to intensified grazing pressure on foundation species such as seagrasses. This, combined with rapidly increasing magnitudes of change in estuarine ecosystems, may affect seagrass resilience. While the overall resilience of seagrasses is generally well-studied, the timeframes of recovery has received comparatively little attention, particularly in temperate estuaries. We investigated how the recovery time (RT) of seagrass is affected by simulated grazing in a southwestern Australian estuary. Whilst excluding swans, we simulated different grazing intensities (25, 50, 75, and 100% removal from 1 m2 plots) at four locations in the Swan-Canning Estuary, Western Australia during summer and tracked the recovery of seagrass over 3 months, using seagrass cover as the main measure of recovery. We found that seagrass recovered within 4–6 weeks from the lower grazing intensities (25 and 50%) and 7–19 weeks from the higher grazing intensities (75 and 100%) across the estuary. Increased grazing intensity led to not only longer recovery times (RTs), but also greater variability in the RT among experimental locations. The RT from the higher grazing intensities at one location in particular was more than double other locations. Seagrass recovery was through vegetative mechanisms and not through sexual reproduction. There was a significant grazing treatment effect on seagrass meadow characteristics, particularly belowground biomass which had not recovered 3 months following grazing. As the pressure of climate change on estuarine environments increases, these quantified RTs for seagrass provide a baseline for understanding grazing pressure as a singular disturbance. Future work can now examine how grazing and other potentially interacting pressures in our changing climate could impact seagrass recovery even further.

In terms of uncertain business conditions, the ability of an enterprise to bounce back after severe disruptions, or simply resilience, may be seen as one of the major features needed to sustain successful business operations. This research has the objective of proposing an algorithm for the organizational resilience assessment in industrial companies and conducting an analysis of the relationship between the organizational Resilience Factors and Key Performance Indicators recovery times. As the variables that are an integral part of the research are exposed to a high degree of uncertainty, they are modeled using fuzzy set theory. The methodology used for the research is an enhanced fuzzy Delphi, where the fuzzy geometric mean is employed as an aggregation operator. The relationship between the organizational resilience factors and Key Performance Indicators’ recovery time is based on the correlation analysis. The proposed model is based on real data from one complex industrial enterprise. The main finding of the research is that calculations indicate a significant negative correlation between treated variables.

Drought is one of the major climate disasters leading to forest degradation in dryland mountains. Hence, revealing the response of forest resilience to drought is crucial to predict forest succession in dryland mountains under future global warming. Here, we chose the Qilian Mountains as the study area and calculated the recovery time and drought intensity along elevation from 1982 to 2020 using the Leaf Area Index (LAI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Then, the forest resilience to drought was calculated using the area of an exponentially fitted curve between drought intensity and corresponding recovery time. Finally, the dominant climate factors underlying altitude differentiation of forest resilience were analyzed using a random forest (RF) regression model, and correlations were determined based on a generalized additive model (GAM). The results indicate that forests in the elevation range of 2600–3900 m exhibited faster recovery rates and greater resilience compared to those in 1700–2600 m. The attributional analysis shows that altitudinal differentiation of forest resilience to drought was mainly constrained by precipitation with a non-monotonic correlation, and resilience was strongest when monthly precipitation reaches 30 mm. In terms of the occurrence of historical drought events, increased potential evapotranspiration improved resilience in the elevation range of 2600–3900 m and enhanced cloud cover initially enlarged the resilience and then decreased it in the elevation range of 3000–3400 m and 3400–3900 m, with resilience being strongest when cloud cover reached 24% and 33%, respectively. Under future climate change, global warming will further exacerbate the drought impact in arid regions, increasing the risk of primary forest collapse. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for predicting the potential changes in vegetation resilience and developing policies for ecological protection in dryland mountains, and we will take addressing the difficult study of the quantitative effects of tree species on resilience altitude differentiation based on ecosystem scales as our future direction.

Probability models are frequently used in numerous healthcare, sports, and policy studies. These probability models use datasets to identify patterns, analyze lifetime scenarios, predict outcomes of interest, etc. Therefore, numerous probability models have been studied, introduced, and implemented. In this paper, we also propose a novel probability model for analyzing data in different sectors, particularly in biomedical and sports sciences. The probability model is called a new modified exponential-Weibull distribution. The heavy-tailed characteristics along with some other mathematical properties are derived. Furthermore, the estimators of the new modified exponential-Weibull are derived. A simulation study of the new modified exponential-Weibull model is also provided. To illustrate the new modified exponential-Weibull model, a practical dataset is analyzed. The dataset consists of seventy-eight observations and represents the recovery time after the injuries in different basketball matches.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) under sedation requires faster recovery for early discharge and feeding resumption in children with neuropsychiatric disorders. The use of dexmedetomidine alone results in delayed recovery. Propofol, when used alone, can cause hypotension and respiratory depression. A new regimen for sedation was evaluated by exploiting the properties of these drugs, to allow faster recovery with minimal adverse events. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty children aged 2–12 years requiring MRI were randomly allocated to these three groups. Group P (n = 50) received propofol bolus at 2 mg.kg−1 over 10 min followed by infusion at 100 μg.kg−1.min−1. Group D (n = 50) received dexmedetomidine bolus of 2 μg.kg−1 over 10 min followed by infusion at 1 μg.kg−1.h−1. Group PD (n = 50) received propofol bolus at 2 mg.kg−1 over 10 min followed by dexmedetomidine infusion at 1 μg.kg−1.h−1. Recovery characteristics were noted. Results: Recovery following sedation in Group PD (15 ± 7.0 min) and Group P (17.35 ± 7.4 min) were comparable and significantly (P = 0.03) lesser than Group D (27.58 ± 8.09 min). Emergence delirium scores were significantly less in Group PD (5 ± 1.08) and Group D (5.6 ± 2.4), unlike scores in Group P (9 ± 2.43). About 79.5% (39/49) of children in Group P, 88.2% (45/51) of children in Group D, and 86% (43/50) of children in Group PD completed MRI without any movement. Seven (14.58%) in Group P, 2 (4%) in Group D, and 5 (10.20%) in Group PD required rescue sedation. Conclusion: The regimen with propofol bolus and dexmedetomidine infusion provided adequate sedation and better recovery characteristics in children aged 2–12 years without systemic complications, as compared to the use of either agent alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Modalities like Bispectral Index Monitoring (BIS) and End Tidal Anaesthetic Gas (ETAG) concentration guided anaesthesia have been used to study the intraoperative awareness but their efficacy for achieving early tracheal extubation has not been established. Aim: To compare the effect of BIS monitoring and ETAG concentration guided anaesthesia on time to tracheal extubation and haemodynamics for isoflurane based general anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational cohort study was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesiology at Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Government Medical College and MY Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, from June 2020 to June 2021. Total 60 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status I and II who received isoflurane based general anaesthesia were included in study. Depending upon the modality being used by the anaesthesiologist to monitor and maintain the depth of anaesthesia, the patients were allocated in equal numbers into two group. Group B received BIS guided anaesthesia, where BIS value was kept between 40 and 60 and group E received ETAG concentration guided anaesthesia, where Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC) was kept between 0.7 to 1.3. Tracheal extubation time was recorded from stopping all anaesthetic agents upto the time of extubation. Unpaired t-test was applied for analysis of data. Results: The mean tracheal extubation time was significantly longer in the BIS group (21.14±2.23 minutes) as compared to ETAG group (15.20±1.27 minutes). All hemodynamic parameters i.e., pulse rate, mean arterial pressure and saturation remained within normal limits and were comparable between the two groups at all the time intervals. Conclusion: The tracheal extubation time is significantly longer in BIS guided anaesthesia as compared to ETAG guided anaesthesia. The ETAG monitoring promotes earlier extubation of patients as compared to BIS monitoring in isoflurane based general anaesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a model for the evaluation of a building's resilience and recovery time is proposed, and a new method is developed for the optimal viscous damper placement for a targeted resilience. The features of this model are as follows: 1) building components are categorized into systems in view of their functionality, 2) recovery time is regarded as a function of the damage to building components and human resources for repairing the components, 3) the model is applicable to structural design. This design method uses a type of real‐coded genetic algorithm (GA). The effective use of a constraint on the sum of the added damper damping coefficients enables an efficient search for the solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate potential predictors for recovery time in pregnant patients with moderate to severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Methods: A total of 424 pregnant patients with moderate to severe OHSS who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were retrospectively identified. The clinical features and laboratory findings within 24 h after admission were collected. Treatment for OHSS was carried out according to standard procedures, including fluid replacement therapy, human albumin, aspirin, low-molecular-weight heparin, and paracentesis, when necessary. Patients were discharged from the hospital when the tmorning hematocrit was <40% and no obvious clinically relevant symptoms existed, such as abdominal distension, abdominal pain, and shortness of breath. Meanwhile, ultrasound indicating little pleural or abdominal effusion and biochemical abnormalities returning to normal were required. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to assess the association between the blood-related parameters and recovery time. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between the clinical or laboratory parameters and recovery time. Results: The median recovery time of these patients was 11 days. In Spearman's correlation test, leukocytes, hemoglobin, platelets, hematocrit, creatinine, prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen (Fib), D-dimer, and fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs) were positively correlated with recovery time. On the other hand, albumin and thrombin time (TT) were negatively correlated with recovery time. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hemoglobin, platelets, albumin, and Fib were significantly associated with the recovery time of patients with OHSS (p = 0.023, p < 0.001, p = 0.007, p < 0.001, and p = 0.019, respectively). Conclusions: In pregnant patients with OHSS, PCOS and hypoalbuminemia were associated with a significantly longer recovery time. Meanwhile, the recovery time was longer when patients have high levels of hemoglobin, platelets, and Fib. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anaesthetic effectiveness of separate and combined eucalyptus Eucalyptus globulus and oregano Origanum vulgare essential oils (EO) were investigated in silver kob Argyrosomus inodorus and were compared with clove oil Eugenia caryophyllata. Argyrosomus inodorus adults (595.61 [SE 11.82] g) were exposed to three concentrations of oregano EO (OEO: 25, 50 and 100 µl l−1), eucalyptus EO (EEO: 300, 500 and 600 µl l−1), and their mixtures (12.5 µl l−1 OEO to 150 µl l−1 EEO; 12.5 µl l−1 OEO to 300 µl l−1 EEO; 25 µl l−1 OEO to 150 µl l−1 EEO), with each fish treated as a replicate. Fish were also exposed to 40 µl l−1 of clove oil (CEO), which acted as a control. The two EOs and their mixtures proved to possess anaesthetic capacity in A. inodorus. Anaesthesia induction time (seconds) decreased with increased concentrations, whereas the inverse was reported for the recovery response. Only OEO qualified as an ideal anaesthetic agent for A. inodorus, especially 25 and 50 µl l−1, as the anaesthesia induction times with these concentrations were less than 180 s and recovery was within 300 s. It seems that EEO could achieve greater anaesthetic effectiveness only at a higher concentration (600 µl l−1) or when mixed with OEO (at 25 µl l−1 OEO to 150 µl l−1 EEO). This study introduces oregano as a promising anaesthetic in A. inodorus compared with clove oil and EEO. However, further evaluations are deemed necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high temperature superconducting (HTS) cable has shown promising prospects in megacities for the advantages of high transmission power density and low loss. However, when HTS cable is working on grid, various kinds of faults may cause irreversible damage, resulting in the failure of reclosing. In this paper, the resistive superconducting fault current limiter (R-SFCL) is introduced into the power system to cooperate with the HTS cable, so as to reduce the potential damage caused by fault current. Firstly, the equivalent circuit models are established, and then transient response of HTS cables under fault condition is analyzed, the recovery time of HTS tapes are used to define the design of R-SFCL. Finally, the operating reliability of HTS cable has been evaluated and measures about adaptive reclosing times were proposed under different fault currents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indoor sport rock climbing has been increasing in popularity both recreationally and competitively. Despite this increase in popularity, the physiological responses to sport climbing as an exercise to specific muscle groups are not well defined. The purpose of this study was to quantify the change in handgrip strength over a 30-minute bout of continuous climbing, specifically in intermediate-level sport climbers. Ten intermediate rock climbers (age = 27 ± 2 years; climbing experience: 7.3 ± 1.5 years) completed baseline handgrip strength and forearm girth measurements. Each participant ascended one of two 5.9 difficulty routes as many times as possible in 30 minutes. After each ascent, heart rate was obtained, and handgrip strength and forearm girth were measured. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA with significance set at α< 0.05. Dominant arm handgrip strength decreased by 22%, and non-dominant handgrip strength reduced by 23%. Dominant and non-dominant forearm girth increased by 4.5% and 4.4%, respectively. Weak but significant negative correlations were observed between handgrip strength and forearm girth in dominant (r = -0.311, p = 0.001) and non-dominant limbs (r = -.491, p = 0.001). These results indicate a relationship between increased forearm girth and decreases in muscular strength. Since handgrip strength decreases substantially during a 30-min climb in intermediate rock climbers, this population would be advised to carefully monitor recovery time between bouts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During environmental testing, scientists face the problem of developing and designing a new type of sensor electrode with distinguished stability, high activity, and cost-effectiveness to detect acetaminophen (ACE). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to investigate the interaction and electrical response of Zn-doped and pristine boron nitride nanocones (BNNCs) with and to ACE with the disclination angle of 240°. The adsorption energy for ACE in the Zn-doped was − 56.94 kJ.mol−1. This value for BNNCs was approximately − 26.11 kJ.mol−1. Furthermore, after the adsorption of ACE, the value of band gap (Eg) for Zn-doped BNNCs decreased significantly (from 4.01 to 3.10 eV), thereby increasing the electrical conductivity. However, Eg value of the pristine BNNCs decreased marginally after the adsorption of ACE. Compared with the pristine BNNCs, the Zn-doped BNNCs could be considered promising materials for the detection of ACE and could be employed in electronic sensors. In the Zn-doped BNNCs, the molecular and electrostatic interactions and the creation of Zn–O bond played key roles in the adsorption of ACE. The Zn-doped BNNCs had other merits such as slight recovery time which was approximately 7.09 ms for the desorption of ACE at ambient temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2009/2010 extreme drought in southwest China (SWC) was a "once-in-a-century" drought event, which caused unprecedented damage to the regional ecology and socioeconomic development. The event provided a chance to explore the resilience of vegetation growth and productivity to the extreme drought. Here, we used the self-calibrating Palmer drought severity index (scPDSI) to describe the characteristics of the extreme drought. Vegetation growth and productivity indices, including the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), leaf area index (LAI), and gross primary productivity (GPP), were applied to analyze the resilience of different vegetation types to the extreme drought. Our results showed that the extreme drought event occurred mainly in Yunnan Province, Guizhou Province, central and northern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and northwestern Sichuan Province. The spatial heterogeneity of the extreme drought was related to the temperature increase and water deficit. During the extreme drought, the vegetation growth and productivity of evergreen broadleaf forest were the least suppressed, whereas cropland was greatly suppressed. The recovery of cropland was higher than that of evergreen broadleaf forest. NDVI and LAI were recovered in more than 80% of the drought-affected area within 5 months, whereas GPP required a longer time to recover. Moreover, the results of multiple linear regression showed that an increase in surface soil moisture was able to significantly improve the resistance of vegetation NDVI and LAI in evergreen broadleaf forest, evergreen needleleaf forest, evergreen broadleaf shrubland, deciduous broadleaf shrubland, and grassland. Our study highlights the differences in the resilience of different vegetation types to extreme drought and indicates that surface soil moisture is an important factor affecting vegetation resistance in SWC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper implemented the density functional theory (DFT) to evaluate a nano-structured sensor of the metronidazole (ML) drug based on the interaction between pristine B24N24 nanocage and the drug. Chemisorption (adsorption energy = − 13.77 to − 15.11 kcal/mol) and physisorption (= − 1.48 to − 4.97 kcal/mol) were estimated to be potential mechanisms of adsorption. The substantial rise in the electrical conductivity of B24N24 suggested that the nanocage was capable of generating electronic noise in interaction with the drug. In addition, the adsorption of the drug significantly influenced the work function, Fermi level, and complexes (chemisorption) of the highest stability. This suggests that one can detect ML through the Φ-type nano-sensing efficiency of B24N24. The recovery process takes nearly 0.005 s, and it was observed that bare B24N24 nanocages could be employed without costly manipulations of the structure for sensitivity improvement. The UV-Vis results indicated that ML adsorption upshifted the transmission wavelength at 391.07 nm. Thus, the close distance of the drug molecule from the nanocage led to the redshift. It was concluded that B24N24 nanocages could be an effective and efficient nanosensor for the detection of ML in light of their structural characteristics and electronic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Football is one of the most prestigious forms of sports that are in great demand by the public. Many football clubs that take part in the competition have a tight match schedule. This causes the recovery time for athletes to be short and lead to fatigue. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of recovery time after the match on the explosive power of leg muscles in soccer athletes. This study was an experimental study with a pretest-posttest group design. The sampling method used was simple random sampling to get 40 research subjects divided into 2 groups, namely groups with recovery time of 2 days and groups with recovery time of 5 days. The assessment used is measurement of explosive limb muscle power using the vertical jump technique before and after receiving the recovery period. To test the normality of data using Shapiro-Wilk continued with the comparative data test in the form of an unpaired t test. The results of the study in groups with a recovery time of 2 days were worth -3.7cm and the group with a recovery time of 5 days was 2.9cm. These results were analyzed using unpaired t-test showing p value = 0,000 (p

Abstract Background Patients undergoing bronchoscopy in spontaneous breathing are prone to hypoxaemia and hypercapnia. Sedation, airway obstruction, and lung diseases impair respiration and gas exchange. The restitution of normal respiration takes place in the recovery room. Nonetheless, there is no evidence on the necessary observation time. We systematically reviewed current guidelines on bronchoscopy regarding sedation, monitoring and recovery. Methods This review was registered at the PROSPERO database (CRD42020197476). MEDLINE and awmf.org were double-searched for official guidelines, recommendation or consensus statements on bronchoscopy from 2010 to 2020. The PICO-process focussed on adults (Patients), bronchoscopy with maintained spontaneous breathing (Interventions), and recommendations regarding the intra- and postprocedural monitoring and sedation (O). The guideline quality was graded. A catalogue of 54 questions was answered. Strength of recommendation and evidence levels were recorded for each recommendation. Results Six guidelines on general bronchoscopy and three expert statements on special bronchoscopic procedures were identified. Four guidelines were evidence-based. Most guidelines recommend sedation to improve the patient’s tolerance. Midazolam combined with an opioid is preferred. The standard monitoring consists of non-invasive blood pressure, and pulse oximetry, furthermore electrocardiogram in cardiac patients. Only one guideline discusses hypercapnia and capnometry, but without consensus. Two guidelines discuss a recovery time of two hours, but a recommendation was not given because of lack of evidence. Conclusion Evidence for most issues is low to moderate. Lung-diseased patients are not represented by current guidelines. Capnometry and recovery time lack evidence. More primary research in these fields is needed so that future guidelines may address these issues, too.

[Display omitted] • The gas-sensing behavior of Janus TMDs (ScSSe, TiSSe and ZrSSe) for toxic gases (CO, NO, NO 2 , SO 2) was investigated by using DFT. • The adsorption behavior among ScSSe, TiSSe and ZrSSe have been compared. • ScSSe shows great interaction with the gas molecules than TiSSe and ZrSSe. • ScSSe emerges as a preferable candidate for detecting CO and NO gas molecules. In this study, the adsorption behavior and sensing capabilities of oxygen-containing gas molecules (CO, NO, NO 2 , SO 2) on Janus ScSSe, TiSSe, and ZrSSe nanosheets have been investigated by using Density Functional Theory (DFT). In order to find the most stable site, two sites (S site and Se site) of the nanosheets have been chosen for gas adsorption. The adsorption energy, charge transfer, work function, and electronic properties have been examined to understand the adsorption behavior. The results show chemisorption for CO, NO, and NO 2 gas molecules on ScSSe, at the Sc site with energy −1.52, −1.61 and −1.41 eV respectively. Unlike ScSSe, both TiSSe and ZrSSe show weak physisorption with energy ranges from −0.09 to −0.29 eV, and −0.07 to −0.22 eV respectively. Band structures and Density of States (DOS) indicate the metallic behavior of the nanosheets. Furthermore, the recovery times for CO, NO, and NO 2 gas molecules on ScSSe have also been calculated and found that in second range. In the work function calculation, the reduction of work function has been observed after adsorption of CO, NO and NO 2 on the ScSSe. Therefore, Janus ScSSe stands out as a promising candidate for detecting CO, NO, and NO 2 gas molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Soil flash droughts exhibited higher frequency and longer duration than other types. • Ecological flash droughts showed shortest response time and longest recovery time. • Precipitation and soil moisture dominated response time to different flash droughts. • Soil moisture determined recovery time of ecosystems from different flash droughts. Flash droughts and their ecological impacts on terrestrial ecosystems have recently garnered increased attention due to their rapid intensification. However, research on the response and recovery of ecosystems to flash droughts, particularly regarding different types of flash droughts and their determinants, remains relatively limited. Here we classified flash droughts into meteorological, evaporative, and soil types based on the differences in primary drivers, and identified them in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River Basin (MLRYRB) from 2000 to 2022. We assessed the response and recovery time of ecosystems to different flash droughts based on solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), analyzed the factors affecting response and recovery times using random forest models, and identified the spatial patterns of dominant factors through partial correlation analysis. Our results revealed distinct characteristics among different flash droughts, with soil flash droughts exhibiting the highest frequency and longest duration. The average response time and recovery times ranged from 15.7 to 19.2 days and from 59.6 to 69.2 days, respectively, for different flash droughts, with soil flash droughts presenting the longest response time and shortest recovery time. Among all vegetations, mixed forests exhibited the longest response time to meteorological and soil flash droughts, while woody savannas presented significantly longer recovery time from evaporative and soil flash droughts. Analysis of primary drivers indicated that precipitation predominantly determined the response time to meteorological and evaporative flash droughts, while surface soil moisture played a primary role in soil flash drought. Furthermore, surface soil moisture was found to determine the recovery time from all flash droughts in over 57 % of pixels. Our findings could offer valuable insights into quantifying the ecological impacts and drivers of different flash droughts on ecosystems, deepening our understanding of ecosystem responses to flash droughts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preadsorbing suitable gas molecule on the substrate can effectively improve the adsorption strength of the system. The adsorption properties of preadsorping NH 3 on SO 2 -adsorbed Hf 2 CO 2 monolayer are explored by first-principles calculation. All possible adsorption sites are considered. SO 2 molecule cannot be adsorbed by Hf 2 CO 2 monolayer, while preadsorbing NH 3 can increase the adsorption strength of SO 2 -adsorbed Hf 2 CO 2 monolayer. The adsorption system has the direct semiconductor character and is the reusable SO 2 gas sensor because of short recovery time and the appropriate adsorption strength. Preadsorbing NH 3 can decrease the carrier mobility in conduction band, but has little impact on the carrier mobility in valence band. The charge transfer of the co-adsorption system is also investigated. • Preadsorbing NH 3 can increase the adsorption strength of SO 2 -adsorbed Hf 2 CO 2 monolayer. • The co-adsorption system can be used as reusable SO 2 gas sensor. • Preadsorbing gas molecule can decrease the carrier mobility in conduction band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploration of two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb layered structure (HLS) has garnered significant attention due to their multifunctional properties, with diverse applications emerging in various fields. Motivated by the challenges posed by hazardous gases such as CO, NO, NH 3 and inspired by the unique properties of 2D HLS this first principles study digs into the structural, electronic, and sensing properties of Boron and Beryllium doped α-CN monolayers. Rendering the structural and electronic variations induced by B and Be doping, our analysis reveals distinct functionalities for α-CN monolayers. Boron doping at the C-site exhibits promise for NO and NH 3 sensing (with 73 % and 77 % increment in adsorption energies), while B-doping at the N-site enhances suitability for gas removal applications. Similarly, Be doping demonstrates effectiveness in gas removal across both C and N sites. Notably, the ultra-fast response (2.31 × 10−8 s) observed for NO adsorption over B-doped α-CN highlights its potential as a rapid sensor. Additionally, work function analysis suggests the suitability of B-doped α-CN for φ-type sensing in NH 3 adsorption. These findings underscore the applicability of doped α-CN monolayers in gas sensing mechanisms. [Display omitted] • α-CN is a novel 2D hexagonal lattice which is to be studied for hazardous gas adsorption. • Pristine α-CN lattice exhibits weak interaction towards CO, NO, and NH 3 gas molecules. • Substitutional doping is done by replacing either carbon or nitrogen of α-CN by boron and beryllium atoms. • The doped α-CN lattice shows enhanced adsorption performance towards the aforementioned gases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rising heatwaves necessitate thermally resilient buildings to mitigate occupant heat-stress and mortality, ensuring habitable conditions during thermal shocks. This study's aim and novelty is to identify key design parameters affecting three thermal resilience aspects -(i) shock impact or SET-Dh i.e., degree hours above standard effective temperature threshold of 28 °C (ii) absorptivity time (t a b s ) and (iii) recovery time (t r e c ) across varying degrees of shock intensities (doS- low, medium and high). A reference Belgian apartment is simulated with varying design parameters (building orientation, envelope and glazing properties, glazing percentage, airtightness, operation and control of passive strategies, cooling systems) during three types of heatwaves. Uncertainty analysis quantified the impact of design variations on thermal resilience, while global sensitivity analysis pinpointed key parameters affecting resilience during different shocks. The study shows that while 87 % of design variations remain thermally resilient during shorter shocks, only 21 % do so during longer shocks and that WWR, cooling capacity, and passive strategies (operation of natural night ventilation and solar shading) have twice the impact on thermal resilience compared to building orientation and glazing properties. While t a b s is affected by heat build-up factors (e.g., WWR, solar shading), t r e c is influenced by heat removal factors (e.g., cooling capacity, NNV). Parameters such as heavy thermal mass extend heat absorption but also delays heat dissipation during prolonged heatwaves. This study guides designers and architects to focus on interventions that enhance buildings' thermal resilience during both short and long heatwaves, aiding in climate adaptation and the ability to withstand future extreme heat periods. • Quantified shock impact, absorptivity and recovery time during 3 increasing shocks • Uncertainty in buildings' resilience performance due to design and shock variations • Buildings face a 4x drop in thermal resilience as shock severity and duration rise • WWR has the highest influence on shock impact, absorptivity and recovery time • Higher cooling capacities, lower setpoints boost resilience but cut efficiency [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Modalities like Bispectral Index Monitoring (BIS) and End Tidal Anaesthetic Gas (ETAG) concentration guided anaesthesia have been used to study the intraoperative awareness but their efficacy for achieving early tracheal extubation has not been established. Aim: To compare the effect of BIS monitoring and ETAG concentration guided anaesthesia on time to tracheal extubation and haemodynamics for isoflurane based general anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational cohort study was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesiology at Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Government Medical College and MY Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, from June 2020 to June 2021. Total 60 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II who received isoflurane based general anaesthesia were included in study. Depending upon the modality being used by the anaesthesiologist to monitor and maintain the depth of anaesthesia, the patients were allocated in equal numbers into two group. Group B received BIS guided anaesthesia, where BIS value was kept between 40 and 60 and group E received ETAG concentration guided anaesthesia, where Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC) was kept between 0.7 to 1.3. Tracheal extubation time was recorded from stopping all anaesthetic agents upto the time of extubation. Unpaired t-test was applied for analysis of data. Results: The mean tracheal extubation time was significantly longer in the BIS group (21.14±2.23 minutes) as compared to ETAG group (15.20±1.27 minutes). All haemodynamic parameters i.e., pulse rate, mean arterial pressure and oxygen saturation remained within normal limits and were comparable between the two groups at all the time intervals. Conclusion: The tracheal extubation time is significantly longer in BIS guided anaesthesia as compared to ETAG guided anaesthesia. The ETAG monitoring promotes earlier extubation of patients as compared to BIS monitoring in isoflurane based general anaesthesia.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate potential predictors for recovery time in pregnant patients with moderate to severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).MethodsA total of 424 pregnant patients with moderate to severe OHSS who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were retrospectively identified. The clinical features and laboratory findings within 24 h after admission were collected. Treatment for OHSS was carried out according to standard procedures, including fluid replacement therapy, human albumin, aspirin, low-molecular-weight heparin, and paracentesis, when necessary. Patients were discharged from the hospital when the tmorning hematocrit was

Introduction:Elevated transaminases has been frequently observed in pediatric emergency department admissions due to increasing utilization of routine laboratory packages. There are limited data about clinical features, underlying conditions and clinical course of these patients. This study aims to evaluate clinical characteristics, etiologies, recovery time and length of stay in hospital of children with elevated transaminases in pediatric emergency department.Methods:We included 1-month- 18-year-old children who were followed in observation unit of Pediatric Emergency Department of University of Health Sciences Turkey, Dr. Behçet Uz Pediatrics and Surgery Training and Research Hospital and had increased transaminases between 2016 January and 2017 January. Increased aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were defined as values above 60 U/L and 45 U/L. The clinical and laboratory data were obtained retrospectively from electronic medical records.Results:We included 89 patients. The median age was 36 months (1-216 months). The most common symptoms were vomiting (n=31), fever (n=27) and abdominal pain (n=25), the most frequent physical examination finding was dehydration (n=20). Etiologies were infections (40.5%), metabolic disorders (11.2%), drug induced liver injury (9.0%), hepatobiliary diseases (5.6%), others (9.0%) and unexplained in 24.7%. Transaminases were elevated under 5 times in 62.5%. N-acetylcystein and ursodeoxycolic acid were administered in 9.0% and 18.0%. The median recovery time was 5 days (1-61 days) and length of stay was 3.7±9.2 days. Recovery time and length of stay were not significantly different according to etiologies (p=0.107 and p=0.952).Conclusion:This study has indicated that mild elevation of transaminases is common in pediatric emergency department. Although most common reason is infections, it can be related to various conditions such as trauma and inherited metabolic disorders. Also, we have found that the recovery time is short and does not change according to etiologies. However, multi-center studies in a large population are still required to form algorithms for the assessment of elevated transaminases in pediatric emergency department .

• The sensing capability of novel C 24 N 24 nanocage towards chemical warfare agent's (CWAs) phosgene (COCl 2) and thiophosgene (CSCl 2) is explored. • The NBO, QTAIM, NCI, MEP, and DOS analyses are performed employing DFT. • Excellent sensitivity (∼0.050), recovery time (∼3 × 10−14s−1), and electrical conductivity (∼1.84 × 109) are observed. • Results ascertain the elevated reactivity and an imperishable sensitivity of the C 24 N 24 nanocluster toward investigated CWAs. • C 24 N 24 nanocluster is recommended as a promising influential sensor for phosgene and thiophosgene detection. Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are highly poisonous and dangerous to all forms of life. Their rapid discovery and removal are crucial for the protection of people and the environment. Current technology still falls short of the 100 % efficiency threshold. Therefore, we make use of the efficient three-dimensional C 24 N 24 -nanostructured material for the rapid detection and electrochemical sensing of CWAs phosgene (COCl 2) and thiophosgene (CSCl 2) by employing benchmark DFT and TD-DFT investigations. Nine stable configurations of C 24 N 24 nanocluster were quantum chemically designed facing through chlorine, oxygen, sulphur atoms of phosgene and thiophosgene and with their planar orientations on the large and small cavities of the nanocluster. Optimization of geometry, FMO, adsorption energies, NBO, QTAIM, and NCI, were the methods for evaluating the interaction between chemical warfare agents and the nanocluster. Fine-tuning of electronic properties; recovery time (∼3 × 10−14s−1), electrical conductivity (∼1.84 × 109), sensitivity (∼0.050), electrophilicity index (1.76–1.68 eV), hardness (3.52–3.37 eV), softness (∼0.15 eV), energy gap (2.85–2.55 eV), and interaction distance (4.274±1.245A0), values ascertain the elevated reactivity and an imperishable sensitivity of the C 24 N 24 nanocluster towards the investigated CWAs. The energy gap, QTAIM, NCI, sensitivity, and recovery time analysis confirmed that the Pl*@C 24 N 24 -SC nanostructured material developed as the most suited surface for the effective finding of phosgene and Pl@C 24 N 24 -LC for thiophosgene. Adsorption energies of −8.490 and -8.507 kcal/mol for the Pl*@C 24 N 24 -SC and Pl@C 24 N 24 -LC complexes, respectively, were the deciding factors. The C 24 N 24 nanocluster has the highest sensitivity and shortest recovery time for S@C 24 N 24 -LC and Pl@C 24 N 24 -LC complex with the value of 0.0509 and 3.23 × 10−14s−1 which shows the potential of C 24 N 24 nanocluster as a promising influential sensing material to monitor CWAs phosgene and thiophosgene. This theoretical framework will assist experimentalists in detecting toxic CWAs by using C 24 N 24 nanocluster-based sensor. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Drought recovery time is longer in the Northeast and Southwest China than in other areas. • The average drought recovery times are 4.06 months in China and 4.32, 4.07, and 3.79 months for the forest, cropland and grassland ecosystems. • Meteorological conditions during drought recovery and the response of the ecosystem to drought dominate the drought recovery time. • Anthropogenic factors have little effect on drought recovery at 0.25° scale. Under the backdrop of global climate change, frequent drought events pose a severe and persistent threat to the normal functioning of ecosystems. Drought recovery time, the time it takes for an ecosystem to return to its pre-drought state, is a crucial metric for drought impact and ecosystem stability. However, most previous studies have focused on the drought recovery time of the region as a whole or a specific type of ecosystem. The differences in drought recovery time among different ecosystems and their driving factors are largely unknown. Therefore, this study utilizes multi-source fused Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) terrestrial water storage (TWS) data and Gross primary productivity (GPP) data to construct drought and ecosystem indicators. Subsequently, the drought recovery time under different climates and ecosystem types in China from 2002 to 2017 is analyzed. Finally, the factors influencing the differences in drought recovery time among ecosystems are discussed in detail. The results indicate that there is significant spatial heterogeneity in drought recovery time among ecosystems in China, with the forest ecosystems in the Northeast and Southwest regions having the longest recovery time. The recovery time of forest ecosystems (4.32 months) is longer than that of cropland (4.07 months) and grassland (3.79 months) ecosystems, but there are also significant differences in the recovery time for the same ecosystems under different climate types. The differences in drought recovery time among different ecosystem types are primarily influenced by temperature and precipitation during drought recovery, and the response of ecosystems to drought. These results provide scientific support for adopting differentiated management strategies for different ecosystem types to cope with future climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • This study investigated metal-doped boron-nitride monolayer nanosheets. • Determined their ability to detect and adsorb specific toxic gases. • Examined their properties and humidity effects on sensing performance. • Investigated the tunability of adsorption using an applied electric field. • Results show that it is possible to design usable gas-sensing devices. The potential application of metallic boron bit-doped hexagonal boron nitride monolayers (h-BN@M, M = Fe, Sn, Cu, Zn) as materials for the detection of hazardous gases (CH 2 O, CH 4 , Cl 2 , HCN, and CNCl) has been investigated based on the first nature principle. h-BN@Fe exhibits chemisorptive properties for the adsorption of HCN and CNCl and h-BN@Sn exhibits chemisorption and appropriate humidity resistance. The recovery time of HCN on the h-BN@Fe surface and CNCl on the h-BN@Sn surface was significantly shortened under the 392 K ultraviolet light attempt frequency. In the presence of an applied electric field, HCN and CNCl on the h-BN@Fe surface and CNCl on the h-BN@Sn surface showed adjustable recovery times. This suggests that it is possible to design gas sensing devices with good adsorption characteristics on metallic boron bit-doped hexagonal boron nitride monolayers. In the future, the performance of these materials for the detection of hazardous gases will be improved by changing their structure and composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Adsorption process of Penicillamine (PCA) anticancer drug upon B 12 P 12 , Ga 12 P 12 , and B 6 Ga 6 P 12 nano-cages is studied. • NBO analysis and charge difference (ΔN) confirm charge transfer between PCA and three nano- cages. • The PCA has a stronger interaction with the Gallium atom rather than the Boron atom. • The highest and lowest τ value was observed for the S B of the PCA@Ga 12 P 12 and S C of the PCA@B 6 Ga 6 P 12 , respectively. • QTAIM analysis represents that electrostatic interaction between nano-cages and PCA molecule is related to the weak ionic bonds, ionic-hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals bonds. In this study, the interaction of Penicillamine anticancer drug with the B 12 P 12 , Ga 12 P 12 , and B 6 Ga 6 P 12 nano-cages was studied using the DFT method. The negative values of E ads represent that the adsorption process is exothermic. The adsorption of PCA through the O H over nano-cages has a lower E G rather other atoms of PAC. The highest ΔN values in the PCA@B 6 Ga 6 P 12 complex confirm the charge transfers from the PCA to the B 6 Ga 6 P 12. The S E and S F configurations of the PCA@B 6 Ga 6 P 12 complex have the highest E(2) and the PCA has a stronger interaction with the Gallium atom rather than the Boron atom. The highest and lowest recovery time value was observed for the S B of the PCA@Ga 12 P 12 and S C of the PCA@B 6 Ga 6 P 12. QTAIM analysis shows that the electrostatic interaction between nano-cages and PCA. Our results suggest that the B 6 Ga 6 P 12 nano-cage is the better adsorbent for PCA due to lower E G and higher conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the serious threat of SF 6 decomposed gases (H 2 S, SO 2 , SOF 2 , SO 2 F 2) to the stable operation of electrical equipment. In this study, the geometric structure, adsorption energy, density of states (DOS), sensitivity based on band structure and recovery time of H 2 S, SO 2 , SOF 2 , SO 2 F 2 on graphene and Rh-modified graphene (Rh-graphene) were investigated computationally by density functional theory (DFT). The geometric structure of Rh-graphene was optimized with an average Rh-C bond length of 1.891 Å. According to the analysis of DOS and band structure, the electrical conductivity has a little effect of the Rh-graphene compared with pristine graphene, but Rh modification can regulate the band gap of graphene. The adsorption energy (E ad) and the sensitivity (S) at work temperature indicate that graphene has ideal adsorption and sensing properties for SO 2 and Rh-graphene reflects the excellent applicability as the SO 2 and SO 2 F 2 gases sensor with the sensitivity of approximately −99 % and −60 %, respectively. The Graphene/SO 2 system owns the minimum recovery time of 2154.3 ps. The recovery time of Rh-graphene/H 2 S and SOF 2 is several orders of magnitude smaller than Rh-graphene/SO 2 and SO 2 F 2. The analysis of DOS and band structure was used to explain the sensing mechanism. The study would lay a theoretical foundation for the development of SF 6 decomposed gases sensor for electrical equipment insulation. [Display omitted] • Adsorption, sensitivity, recovery time and electronic behavior of SF 6 decomposed gases on graphene and Rh-modified graphene were investigated systematically. • The adsorption energy and the sensitivity indicate that graphene has ideal adsorption and sensing properties for SO 2 and Rh-graphene reflects the excellent applicability as the SO 2 and SO 2 F 2 gases sensor. • The analysis of density of state (DOS) and band structure illustrates the sensing mechanism and further prove the applicability of graphene and Rh-graphene for SF 6 decomposed gases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of γ-radiation on the growth and cytogenetic endpoints of Allium cepa L. seedlings in a long period after irradiation in absorbed doses from 1.0 to 10.7 Gy were examined. The chromosome aberration rate was most sensitive to the radiation: it increased immediately after exposure at all doses. In the recovery period (up to 216 h) after irradiation, the chromosome aberration frequency naturally decreased but at the end of experiment in maximum doses remained above the control values. The impact of the initial level of chromosome aberrations on the inhibition of onion roots growth in the long terms after irradiation is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Outpatient therapeutic program (OTP) brings the services for the management of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) closer to the community by making services available at decentralized treatment points within the primary health care setting. Despite the available interventions to tackle nutritional problems, there is scarce information on time to recovery and its predictors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate time to recovery and identify its predictors among children aged 6-59 month with SAM admitted to OTP in Bench Sheko zone Southwest Ethiopia.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 588 children who had been managed for SAM under OTP, from September 01, 2018, to August 30, 2019, in 4 public health centers in Bench Sheko zone. A total of 1301 children's card were eligible from them 588 children's cards were selected by simple random sampling methods. Data was entered into EPI- data version 4.4.2 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Kaplan Meir estimate median time to recovery and survival curve was used to compare the time to recovery using a log-rank test among different characteristics. Cox Proportional Hazard Model was used to identify significant predictors of time to recovery. Association was summarized by using adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) and statistical significance was declared at 95% CI, and P-value < 0.05.Result: Recovery rate was 54.4% with the median recovery time 49 days with an Interquartile range of 21 days. The independent predictors of nutritional recovery time were: newly admitted (AHR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.17, 2.98),had no diarrhea (AHR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.52, 2.42), had no cough (AHR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.74) had no blood stool (AHR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.10) had no malaria (AHR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.32, 2.32), and took deworming (AHR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.01-1.61).Conclusion and Recommendation: In the current study recovery rate and the median time of recovery is by far below the standard. Cough, diarrhea, malaria, deworming and admission status were independently associated with recovery time. Health professionals should give attention for early detection and management of co-morbidities. Minster of health should give refreshment community based management of acute malnutrition training for health workers to follow the national guideline strictly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The sequence of myocardial activation and recovery can be studied in detail by invasive catheter recordings of cardiac electrograms (EGMs), or noninvasive inverse reconstructions thereof with electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI). Local activation and recovery times are obtained from a unipolar EGM by the moment of maximum downslope of the QRS complex or maximum upslope of the T wave, respectively. However, both invasive and noninvasive recordings of intracardiac EGMs may suffer from noise and fractionation, making reliable detection of these deflections nontrivial.Methods: Here, we introduce a novel method that benefits from the spatial coupling of these processes, and incorporate not only the temporal EGM deflection, but also the spatial gradients. We validated this approach in computer simulations, in animal data with ECGI and invasive electrode recordings, and illustrated its use in a clinical case.Results: In the simulated data, the spatiotemporal approach was able to incorporate spatial information to better select the correct deflection in artificially fractionated EGMs and outperformed the traditional temporal-only method. In experimental data, the accuracy of time estimation from ECGI compared to invasive recordings significantly increased from R = 0.73 (activation) and R = 0.58 (recovery) with the temporal-only method to R = 0.79 (activation) and R = 0.72 (recovery) with the novel approach. Localization of the pacing origin of paced beats improved significantly from 36 mm mean error with the temporal-only approach to 23 mm with the spatiotemporal approach.Conclusion: The spatiotemporal method to compute activation and recovery times from EGMs outperformed the traditional temporal-only approach in which spatial information was not taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have studied the adsorption of different hazardous gases (such as SO3, NH3, NO2, and H2S) on poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) to manifest it as a gas sensor using density functional theory (DFT). Both chemisorption and physisorption channels have been investigated to reveal the interaction pathway between PEDOT and hazardous gases. PEDOT can interact with SO3, NH3, NO2, and H2S via a physisorption channel with corresponding adsorption energies −13.32, −6.88, −6.02, and −7.47 kcal/mol, respectively. The chemisorptive nature has been observed only for SO3. But this pathway is kinetically and thermodynamically less accessible compared to the physisorption channel. The large adsorption energy value for SO3 (−13.32 kcal/mol) shows the better sensitivity of PEDOT towards SO3 compared to the rest three gases. The electronic properties of PEDOT vary based on its interaction with different gases. The frontier molecular orbitals, band gap, natural bond orbital charge, UV–vis spectra, and conductivity studies support the fact. The external electric field has been applied as a technique to tune the recovery time for SO3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The experimental effects of surgically implanting fish with acoustic transmitters are likely to have negative effects on survival and behaviour. Measuring the extent of these negative effects is important if we wish to extrapolate inferences from tagged animals to un-manipulated animals. In this study, we examine the effect of surgery and post-tagging recovery time on the survival and migration rate of acoustically tagged wild Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) smolts through freshwater, estuarine and ocean phases of migration. Four treatment groups were used: pre-smolt captured in the fall that overwintered in a hatchery and were tagged either 75 days prior to release (winter hatchery) or within 24 h prior to release (spring hatchery) and smolt captured during the spring smolt run, tagged 24 h prior to release and released during the day (day-released) or night (night-released). Results The spring hatchery treatment group served as a reference treatment group such that recovery time (comparison to winter hatchery treatment) and hatchery effects (comparison to day-released and night-released treatments) could both be discerned. The hatchery effect increased migration rate, whereas short recovery times and captivity in a hatchery negatively affected survival. These effects were most pronounced within the first 5 days and/or 48 km downstream post-release, however, the residual recovery time effects appeared to persist during the transition from the estuary into salt water. Conclusions Even with smolts originating from the wild and spending relatively little time within the hatchery environment, post-release survival was still negatively affected. Migration speed was faster for hatchery smolts, but is likely only due to their larger size. Recovery time effects were most prominent during the initial migration period in freshwater and again in the transition from the estuary to saltwater which may be due to added stress during these transitional zones. As surgery-related bias will likely never be completely removed from telemetry studies, it is important to quantify and account for these effects in situ when making inferences on the un-manipulated component of the population.