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The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted to various fields of human life, including social and economic. The government has made various efforts to stimulate the community's economy, initiating various groups and individuals with various values of wisdom to revive their economy. This study aims to determine local wisdom and religious values that have an impact on community efforts in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic; the process of using religious wisdom in the local realm in handling a pandemic; The impact of local wisdom and religion on the development of social capital in various aspects of people's lives. Based on qualitative data collected through interviews and observation in four provinces; West Java, Centra Java, DI Yogyakarta, and Bali this study found that the local wisdom behind various sharing activism during the pandemic comes from traditional values that have long been practiced by residents in various research areas. Their shared activism is a form of their ability to adapt various noble and traditional values in today's highly chaotic situation. Various sharing activism during the pandemic has established relationships among fellow citizens.

The village is a driving force for a country's development that plays a vital role in providing the needs and sustainability of the country's economy. Villages have the authority to be autonomous and independent of increasing village independence, one of which is to establish a business entity that follows the characteristics of natural resources and the needs of rural communities called Village Owned Enterprises (VOEs). VOEs, economic institutions in the village, have a very strategic function and role in supporting the implementation of village economic sovereignty and democracy in Indonesia as a business entity characterized by a village. However, the legal politics governing VOEs in Indonesia also impact the management of VOEs. This paper wants to examine the legal politics of VOEs regulation in Indonesia. This paper is a normative legal research using a statutory, conceptual, and historical approach, which will be analyzed descriptively. The results showed a paradigm shift in the construction of VOEs, which was initially regulated as a business entity characterized by a village. It was changed in Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, which stipulates that the status of VOEs as business entities is legal. Meanwhile, related to the form of business entity, it is regulated as a legal entity characterized by a village.

Total insolvencies filed by Canadian Households reached a record number in 2009 when close to 152,000 individuals sought the protection of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act. This paper aims to investigate the factors that dictate the choice of insolvent debtors during an economic crisis, by comparing their choice before, during and after the crisis. Using data provided by the Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy, and in addition to explain insolvency choice by the debtor's wealth, income and level of debt, the results show that insolvent debtors are more likely to file for bankruptcy during an economic crisis than before and after. This is in fact, a significant contribution to the literature, for never before had debtors' insolvency choice been looked at in light of the effects of an economic crisis.

The article examines the challenges and peculiarities of the management of the equity capital of Ukrainian banks during the period of martial law. It is proven that the current economic conditions of banks’ functioning are aggravated by a significant level of turbulence in financial markets, crisis phenomena in the real sector of the economy and the global energy market, which creates new challenges in the aspect of bank equity management. The existing understanding of the integrative role of banks’ equity capital in ensuring its functional adequacy to the needs of the national economy at each of the turns of its cycle is disclosed. The characteristic properties of banks’ equity capital, according to the practice of its management, are defined as favorable and those that bring additional challenges when increasing the capitalization of banks in the period of martial law. It was noted that the process of equity capital management has a contradiction at its core: on the one hand, the development of the bank is carried out mainly at the expense of borrowed funds, on the other hand, the scale of its activity is closely related to the amount of own capital. Therefore, it is advisable to make decisions in the field of the formation of the bank’s equity capital on the basis of a comparative analysis of the growth rates of risky assets and liabilities. The bank’s financial managers should pay critical attention to determining the value of equity capital, which will provide an opportunity to increase management efficiency and obtain a relevant information flow for making informed decisions. A comparative analysis of the main economic norms of the capital of the banking system of Ukraine for 2018–2022 justified the implementation of the basic norms regarding capital, however, the assessment of the structure of the equity capital of Ukrainian banks showed that the amount of equity capital continues to be less than the authorized capital, which is explained by the significant losses of the banking system of Ukraine. According to the results of the study, the modern problems of managing the equity capital of Ukrainian banks are substantiated, and priorities and recommendations for their solution are determined. It has been proven that in periods of turbulence, equity capital is more necessary to maintain the solvency of banks than to increase active operations, since capitalization processes occur more slowly than the trends of capital movement on a global scale require. In the conditions of limiting the number of external sources of capitalization of Ukrainian banks, special attention should be paid to the development of internal innovative financial and organizational tools capable of meeting the requirements of both bank owners, managers and clients. Among these tools, it is appropriate to single out corporate governance, in particular, the effective dividend policy of banks and the consideration in banking risk management systems of specific risks of the distribution of ownership rights and management, especially when it concerns the identification of beneficial owners from the aggressor country.

This study examines whether an association exists between parental unemployment and health-related quality of life and mental health for adolescents aged 15–18 in Athens, Greece. The gathered dataset covers the same upper high schools in two periods, 2011–2013 and 2017–2019. The study finds that parental unemployment bears an association with decreased health-related quality of life and increased adverse mental health symptoms for adolescents. Moreover, the 2011–2013 period, a period of increased parental unemployment, saw a decrease in health-related quality of life and increased adverse mental health symptoms for adolescents. In addition, parental unemployment proved more detrimental to adolescents' health-related quality of life and mental health in 2011–2013 than in 2017–2019. The present research ranks among the first studies to examine whether parental unemployment could be associated with worse health-related quality of life and mental health for adolescents during periods of increased parental unemployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop a new econometric model for the purpose of predicting binary outcomes based on an ensemble of predictors. The method uses the pair-copula construction (PCC) to optimally combine diverse information. As a building block of PCC, the conditional copula is permitted to depend on the conditioning variable in a nonparametric way. This is the major methodological departure from our previous work. We apply this methodology to predict US business cycle peaks 6 months ahead based on the three prominent leading indicators currently used by The Conference Board. In terms of the predictive accuracy as measured by the receiver operating characteristic curve, the proposed scheme is found to do well in comparison with some popular combination models. We have also evaluated the probability forecasts generated from these models using a battery of diagnostic tools, each of which reveals different aspects of skill of the generated forecasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The answer is that people's evaluations of their income situation are based on different considerations when the economy is expanding and when it is contracting. When, in the course of economic growth, incomes generally are rising, evaluations of one's own income—whether it is satisfactory –tend to be dominated by comparisons with the incomes of others—by "social comparison". If one's income is just "keeping up with the Joneses", happiness is unchanged. But in a recession, as incomes decline and people increasingly have difficulty satisfying consumption habits and fixed financial obligations acquired when incomes were higher, the benchmark for income evaluations shifts to comparisons with one's past experience– how current income compares with one's previous peak income. The greater the shortfall, the less one's happiness. The shift when income declines, from comparison with others to comparison with one's past experience, is typically forced on individuals by the growing pressure of meeting fixed financial obligations. There is thus an asymmetry in the psychological roots of income evaluations when income is rising vs. falling, and this causes a corresponding asymmetry in the response of happiness to income change. When income is rising and social comparison is the basis for evaluating one's income situation, changes in income have, on average, a nil effect on happiness. When income falls below its previous peak and past personal experience is the basis for evaluating one's income situation, happiness goes down and up with income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to analyze if, during periods of economic recession, the cash position impacts the performance of Brazilian companies. In addition, it seeks to identify if there are differences in the intensity of such relationships for the different sectors in which companies operate. Originality/value: The appropriate management of a company's cash position is key for the maintenance of its financial health in the long term. This subject is particularly relevant for emerging countries, such as Brazil, considering the track record of frequent economic recessions. Such economic recessions lead to the deterioration of the companies' operating results and shortage of credit facilities, negatively affecting the companies' liquidity. In the last decade, studies have been discussing the relevance of the companies' cash position to improve their performance in periods of financial constraint. Design/methodology/approach: To develop this study, a sample composed of 200 Brazilian companies listed on B3 was used, grouping information from the period between 2013 and 2016, organized in a balanced dynamic panel. Findings: The results obtained through regressions indicate that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between cash position and the performance of the companies, measured by the return on assets (ROA) - but not by the market to book ratio -, and it was also identified that the sector in which the company operates has a moderating factor on the intensity of such a relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper introduces dividend taxation and productive government spending in an infinite-horizon general equilibrium model with heterogeneous agents and financial market imperfections. We point out that imposing a dividend tax and using the revenue from this tax to finance productive government spending may prevent economic recession and promote economic growth. We also investigate the issue of optimal dividend taxation and the role of dividend taxation on the asset price bubble. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To define the characteristics of infantile esotropia and evaluate the results of bilateral medial rectus recession in infantile esotropia. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on medical charts of patients diagnosed with infantile esotropia. All patients underwent an ophthalmological examination to detect the conditions that accompany infantile esotropia. Patients with two years of age or older and without fixation preference or amblyopia underwent bilateral medial rectus recession. Results: There were a total of 117 patients with infantile esotropia patients. Infantile esotropia was accompanied by inferior oblique hyperfunction, fixation preference, cross-fixation, pseudoabduction deficit, pattern deviations, nystagmus, dissociated vertical deviation, convergence insufficiency, and abnormal head position. Approximately forty percent of the patients compatible with visual acuity measurements had amblyopia. Bilateral medial rectus recession decreased the mean esotropia from 43.1±15.3 to 7.8±12.8 prism diopters (PD) in 65 patients. Postoperatively, 41 patients had an ocular alignment within 10 PD of orthotropia, 22 patients showed undercorrection and 2 overcorrection. Conclusion: The characteristics of infantile esotropia in our study are substantially consistent with those of early reports, except for convergence insufficiency. This study also showed that bilateral medial rectus recession appears to have a high percentage of undercorrection in short-term postoperative follow-up in infantile esotropia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Peri-implant tissue score (PITS) has been used to assess and measure the success of osseointegrated endosseous dental implants by studying the peri-implant morphology in previously placed dental implants. Materials and Methods: A total of 300 patients who got implants placed previously were evaluated for bone levels, inflammatory status, recession, mucosa, and the patient profile in the time period of <1.5 years, 1.5–3 years, 3–4.5 years, and 4.5–6 years using a graduated periodontal plastic probe. Results: The results were statistically nonsignificant as the parameters did not differ significantly among different year groups. Conclusion: PITS is established as a noninvasive chairside diagnostic tool for clinicians to evaluate the overall implant health and the need for any intervention for the health of implant, but it does not prove to be that efficacious in the frame of time gap of implant placement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we aim to explain what causes the depth of a stock market drawdown using the discretionary global macro approach. Our key finding is that the increase in credit risk to high/very high level after the beginning of a drawdown significantly explains the depth of the drawdown. An expected aggressive monetary policy tightening can trigger a correction, especially if accompanied with a high recession probability. Further, an expected aggressive monetary policy easing, as a sign of an imminent recession, can deepen the total drawdown. However, the depth of the total drawdown depends of whether the drawdown transitions to the ultimate credit crunch stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between gold–platinum price ratio (GP) and stock returns in international stock markets. The study addresses three empirical questions: (1) Does GP have robust predictive power in international stock markets? (2) Does GP outperform other macroeconomic variables in international stock markets? (3) What is the relationship between GP and stock market returns during economic recessions? Design/methodology/approach: The study mainly uses OLS regressions to perform empirical tests for a comprehensive set of 17 advanced international stock markets and overall world market. The monthly data is used for the period January 1978 to July 2019, 499 observations for each market. Findings: The study finds that the first-difference of GP (ΔGP), not the initial-level of GP, has strong predictive power for stock returns, both in short- and long-time horizons. The results remain robust after controlling for a number of macroeconomic predictors. The out-of-sample test results are significant, confirming the robustness of the predictive power of ΔGP. Originality/value: This study is the first to examine the ability of the ΔGP to predict stock returns, and provide novel evidence on the relationship between ΔGP and international stock markets. The study draws on behavioral finance theory, specifically the myopic loss aversion, the herd effect and the limited attention theory, to explain the predictability of stock returns in international stock markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morocco's Atlantic coastline stretches from Tangier to Lagouira over a distance of around 3,000 km. It displays considerable geomorphological diversity depending on the structural domains, the nature and age of the terrain adjacent to the coastal profile, and even the degree of human covetousness and activity. In addition to a wealth of climato-eustatic records, coastal sedimentary dynamics, and prehistoric seismicity, there is evidence of an alarming retreat of the shoreline at sites such as Larache, Rabat, Safi, and Agadir. A project to research and map vulnerable sites with a view to forecasting risks in the field of coastal zone development is needed to avoid the dangers of marine aggression, which is likely to be amplified by extreme climate change and anthropogenic action in the context of increasingly strong littoralization.

Background: The economic effects of wars and recessions can have significant impacts on consumer attitudes and behaviors. Understanding how these attitudes and behaviors change impacts during challenging economic times is crucial for financial education and management. Methods: A survey was conducted to investigate the financial attitudes and behaviors of individuals during a recessionary period. The survey was distributed from January 15th to February 28th, 2023 and included questions about age, financial education level, savings behavior, attitudes towards debt, gender and financial management behavior, age and financial education, and income and savings behavior. Data were analyzed using t-tests and ANOVA. Results: Participants with higher income levels had higher levels of savings and investing behaviors than those with lower income levels. Participants with a higher level of formal education in finance had higher levels of budgeting and investing behaviors than those with a lower level of formal education in finance. Additionally, participants who reported higher levels of self-rated financial knowledge had higher levels of all financial management behaviors (budgeting, saving, investing, and debt management) compared to those with lower self-rated financial knowledge. Conclusions: The findings suggest that financial education and management programs should target individuals with lower income levels and less formal education in finance. Additionally, promoting self-rated financial knowledge may be a useful strategy for improving financial management behaviors. Future research could explore the effectiveness of different financial education and management programs on improving financial attitudes and behaviors during recessionary periods.

This is a case series of 3 patients of comitant horizontal deviations with unilateral dissociated vertical deviations (DVD) who underwent half tendon down displacement of horizontal recti during recession resection surgery. Out of these 3 patients, 2 had exotropia and 1 had esotropia. The mean horizontal deviation preoperatively was 31.6 ± 7.6 prism diopters (PD) and post-operatively was 3.0 ± 2.6 PD. Mean preoperative DVD was 11.3 ± 1.1 PD which had a near-complete resolution in all patients. No increase in DVD of the other eye was noticed in any of the patients. None of the patients required second surgery for correction of horizontal deviation or DVD. The DVD was corrected in all patients with no complications. Half tendon down displacement with recession and resection surgery of horizontal recti is effective in the correction of unilateral DVD in selected patients.

Objective: The current study looked at how well bone graft (hydroxyapatite + platelet-rich plasma (PRP)) and a diode laser treated infrabony defects. Materials and Method: Twenty patients with bilateral infrabony deficiency were treated in a split-moth evaluation with bone graft (hydroxyapatite + PRP) alone (group I) (control) and bone graft combined with a diode laser (group II) (test). Clinical and radiologic measures such as the relative clinical attachment level (RCAL), probing depth (PD), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI) were recorded at baseline, 3 months later, and 6 months later in all patients. Result: At the 6-month follow-up, there was a decline in the plaque index, probing depth, gingival index, and relative clinical attachment level. Conclusion: When compared across groups, the intrabony pocket was significantly reduced with either the bone graft (hydroxyapatite + PRP) or in conjunction with the laser.

This article examines whether organizations can enhance employee well‐being by adopting human resource management (HRM) practices strategically targeted to improve skill development and deployment in a recessionary context. Employee skill utilization is proposed as the mediating mechanism between HRM practice and well‐being. The role of workplace skill composition is also examined as a boundary condition within which HRM differentially impacts employee outcomes. Using a nationally representative survey of UK workplaces (Workplace Employment Relations Survey 2011) and matched management and employee data, the analysis focused on organizations that had implemented some recessionary action following the 2008–2009 global financial and economic crisis. The findings show that human capital enhancing HRM and enriched job design positively influenced both job satisfaction and work‐related affective well‐being through increased employee skill utilization. Organizations with predominantly high‐skilled workforces were more likely to adopt these skills‐oriented HRM practices. Nevertheless, the effects of HRM on employee outcomes via skill utilization applied across organizations, regardless of workforce skill composition. The findings demonstrate employee skill utilization as a driver of HRM outcomes and the sustainability of "best practice" HRM arguments across all skill levels, even in the face of recession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recovery from the Great Recession has been slow and extremely prolonged. It was tempting to conclude, at various points, that we had recovered as much as we were going to. Even after the official unemployment rate receded, other indicators of recovery remained much more mixed—the share of people employed remained well below pre-recession levels; wages were stagnant; and inequality continued to grow. Absent clear evidence of a full recovery, including healthy wage growth, policy efforts should emphasize ensuring that the benefits of growth are broadly shared.

This paper’s objective is to further stimulate economists’ motivation to carefully consider a class of economic sentiment indices which measure people’s beliefs, perceptions and expectations regarding the economy. As the acknowledged leading indicators of economic activity, they have the potential to timely point to the upcoming economic distress. However, given their potential, they are still relatively underused. The from-scratch empirical analysis in this paper detects the recent unfavourable developments in the key sentiment indices, particularly the ones measuring the confidence of consumers. Considering consumer sentiment indicators, the situation in the US and the European countries now seems even worse than during the Great Recession while the perceived uncertainty is building up. As the origin of the new crisis might lie in the sector of consumers – the drivers of final aggregate consumption – policymakers should take their sudden confidence drop seriously and accordingly develop near-future strategies to timely overturn these adverse trends.

The article shows that economic sanctions that have been tested for a long period of time as an instrument to demonstrate the dominance of the dollar-centered world economic system, with the beginning of the Ukrainian crisis finally took shape as a new regulatory institution of global political and economic rules. The reasons led to negative shocks in global economic and financial system have been analyzed. It is demonstrated that underestimation of influence on short-term and long-term conditions of global equilibrium of the isolation of a large national economy (Russia), which has an oligopoly in a number of world commodity markets, causes a chain reaction of distortion of commodity stocks balance and fragmentation of the world commodity market itself. It is suggested that an abstract concern over defragmentation of the seemingly unshakable global monetary financial architecture started generating not yet very clear, but getting increasingly more specific and spatially diverse block frameworks, leading in the medium term to regionalization of global monetary financial system as far as settlement of payments and debt financial market are concerned, and to reformatting of the entire system of global finance and money, including the function of measure of value, in the long term. The article discusses the impact of the forced restrictions in global rules and guarantees for functioning of global market and global money as the institution to serve it, blocked access to this system for individual national economies on short-term and long-term modifications of conditions and mechanisms of performance of global economic financial system

Abstract Purpose: This study aims to analyze if, during periods of economic recession, the cash position impacts the performance of Brazilian companies. In addition, it seeks to identify if there are differences in the intensity of such relationships for the different sectors in which companies operate. Originality/value: The appropriate management of a company’s cash position is key for the maintenance of its financial health in the long term. This subject is particularly relevant for emerging countries, such as Brazil, considering the track record of frequent economic recessions. Such economic recessions lead to the deterioration of the companies’ operating results and shortage of credit facilities, negatively affecting the companies’ liquidity. In the last decade, studies have been discussing the relevance of the companies’ cash position to improve their performance in periods of financial constraint. Design/methodology/approach: To develop this study, a sample composed of 200 Brazilian companies listed on B3 was used, grouping information from the period between 2013 and 2016, organized in a balanced dynamic panel. Findings: The results obtained through regressions indicate that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between cash position and the performance of the companies, measured by the return on assets (ROA) – but not by the market to book ratio –, and it was also identified that the sector in which the company operates has a moderating factor on the intensity of such a relationship. / Resumo Objetivo: O presente trabalho analisa se, em momentos de recessão econômica, a posição de caixa tem impacto na performance das empresas brasileiras. Além disso, busca-se identificar se há diferenças na intensidade dessa relação para os diferentes setores de atuação das empresas. Originalidade/valor: A adequada gestão da liquidez das empresas é fundamental para a manutenção da sua saúde financeira e para a sua sustentabilidade econômica em longo prazo. Esse tema é especialmente importante em países emergentes, como o Brasil, que tem um histórico de frequentes recessões econômicas. As recessões levam à piora dos resultados operacionais das empresas e à escassez de linhas de crédito e, portanto, afetam negativamente a liquidez das companhias. Na última década, tem sido discutida a importância do uso de caixa pelas empresas para melhorar sua performance em períodos de restrição financeira. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Para desenvolver este estudo, foi utilizada uma amostra de 200 empresas listadas na B3, agrupando informações do período de 2013 a 2016, organizadas em um painel dinâmico balanceado. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos por meio das regressões indicam que há relação positiva e estatisticamente significante entre a posição de caixa e a performance medida pelo ROA (mas não pelo market to book). Identificou-se também que o setor de atuação da empresa modera a intensidade dessa relação.

In the Business Cycle Theory (BCT), the concept of aggregate economic activity (AEA) is treated as notional, since it is directly unobservable. A variety of reference time series that are used in the empirical literature does not convincingly justify its usage as a proxy for AEA. In this study, I propose a theoretically plausible definition of AEA that can be empirically measured with ease. AEA is empirically derived from the real GDP measured by the expenditure approach. Further, the essential attributes of the quantitative measure of AEA are elaborated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the effects of macroeconomic crises experienced in early adulthood on subjective well‐being (SWB) later in life. Using repeated cross‐sectional survey data of over 100,000 individuals from 38 countries around the world combined with historical data on macroeconomic circumstances, I find that having experienced a macroeconomic crisis at ages 18–25 is detrimental to SWB. This result is in line with earlier literature that focuses on other individual‐level outcomes. However, the analysis presented in this paper reveals that outcomes related to individual's earnings, employment status, family life, and religion cannot fully explain the lasting effect of macroeconomic crises on well‐being. Results on heterogeneous responses show that the negative effect is largest for females and for individuals with low educational attainment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Since physical inactivity has been identified as a pandemic and a public health priority, it is crucial to understand the role of adverse economic shocks on physical activity. In this study, we examine the impact of job losses during the U.S. Great Recession from January 2008 to June 2009 on the likelihood of physical activities of young adults. Methods. We use individual fixed effects estimation on a nationally representative longitudinal data from 2005 to 2015, the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), to examine the impact of job losses of young adults, their spouses, and their parents on physical exercise of young adults aged 18 to 27 years. Results. Own job losses during the Great Recession led to a decrease in the likelihood of physical exercise among young adults. However, job losses of parents and partners had no effect on the likelihood of young adults' physical exercise. Conclusion. Our findings indicate a negative impact of the recession on physical activity of young adults and highlights the need for policymakers to consider the impact of major economic downturns on the physical activity of young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the effect of unemployment on obesity during the Great Recession. Previous studies using mainly individual data surveys find that the relationship is inconclusive. Motivated by the current economic crisis due to the coronavirus pandemic, we revisit the debate and exploit cross county US data, a relatively unexplored dataset in the study on obesity. We find a pro-cyclical relationship between unemployment and obesity. We further explore whether the positive relationship may relate to lack of recreation and physical exercises during the great economic downturn due to the scarcity of public recreational and fitness facility (RFF). Our findings show that the effect of unemployment on obesity is significant in both counties with scarce and abundant RFF. Hence, the limited access to public RFF during the COVID pandemic may, by itself, not contribute to weight gain among adult Americans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This retrospective cohort study evaluates the regeneration of severe peri-implantitis deficiencies treated with the laser-assisted peri-implant defect regeneration (LAPIDER) approach within a 3-year follow-up. Methods: Twenty-four implants with severe peri-implantitis in 18 patients were treated according to the LAPIDER technique. In contrast to classic techniques for reconstructive peri-implantitis surgery with a marginal incision, a buccal split-flap preparation avoiding papillae separation was used. After a coronal flap elevation and a laser-assisted peri-implant defect cleaning, connective tissue and autogenous bone grafting was performed. Primary outcomes were the changes of the marginal bone levels (MBL) and the buccal bone thickness. Secondary outcomes included implant survival, peri-implant probing depths (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), recession, width of keratinized mucosa (KMW), thickness of keratinized mucosa (KMT), soft tissue esthetics (PES), and implant success. Results: MBL improved interproximal by 3.10 ± 2.02 mm (p < 0.001), buccal by 3.49 ± 2.89 mm (p < 0.001), and lingual by 1.46 ± 1.98 mm (p = 0.003); buccal bone thickness by 0.55 ± 0.60 mm (p = 0.005), and 1.01 ± 1.25 mm (p = 0.001) at 1 and 3 mm below reference level. Two implants were removed; 22 implants were still in function at a mean follow-up of 36 months. PPD changed from 5.05 ± 1.39 to 3.08 ± 0.71 mm (p < 0.001); recession was reduced from 2.07 ± 1.70 to 0.91 ± 1.13 mm (p = 0.001); KMW increased from 2.91 ± 1.81 to 4.18 ± 1.67 mm (p = 0.006); KMT improved from 1.73 ± 0.50 to 2.44 ± 0.43 mm (p < 0.001); PES changed from 7.7 ± 2.8 to 10.7 ± 1.9 (p < 0.001). 45.8% to 54.2% of the implants met the criteria of implant success. Conclusions: The favorable results document the proof of principle for the regeneration of severe peri-implant hard and soft tissue deficiencies by the LAPIDER treatment approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The finances of performing arts organizations are sensitive to economic recessions. We use data from the "Great Recession" to provide a window into the problems that symphony orchestras will need to circumvent during and following the COVID-19 recession. We estimate that for every 1 percent increase in unemployment, attendance will decrease by 2.4 percent. With audiences who will be slow to return to concert halls, orchestras should expect years of diminished numbers of ticket buyers. Symphony orchestras will need to practice cost-cutting measures, while reinventing themselves through innovative programmes, including increased streaming platforms, in order to prosper post-COVID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the persistent effect of graduating from university in a recession on earnings and sheds light on underlying mechanisms focusing on the roles of educational mismatch and job instability. Using longitudinal data from South Korea, we estimate the short- and long-term effects of the unemployment rate in the province where the university is located at the time of graduation on labor market outcomes. The IV estimation results show that a 1% point increase in the unemployment rate at graduation decreases the initial monthly earnings by 8.77% and the earnings loss is persistent. A 1% point increase in the unemployment rate also increases the probability that the level of education required for work is lower than the university level by 7.58% points and the probability of being a temporary worker by 8.54% points. When the educational mismatch and job instability are accounted for, the magnitude of the initial earnings loss due to graduating from university in a recession decreases by 40.9%. Our results suggest that skill mismatch and job instability are important mechanisms through which entering a labor market in a recession has negative impacts on labor market outcomes for a considerable period after labor market entry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global economy in recent years has shown a downward trend and is predicted by the World Bank to become a recession in 2023. As a global economic phenomenon, this condition will affect every country, including Indonesia's. This study analyzed the ability of Indonesia's economic fundamentals in a qualitative descriptive and literature study based on five indicators of the economic crisis, namely: economic growth, the exchange rate of the rupiah against the US dollar; inflation; economic growth; and total foreign debt, by comparing conditions during the economic crisis in 1998 and 2008, with Indonesia's current economic situation (in 2022). The results of this study indicated that Indonesia's economic condition is considered quite ready and stable to face the threat of a global economic crisis in 2023. However, as a country that depends on global economic relations, Indonesia will indirectly or directly impact the economic fluctuations and inflation that occur in many countries during the crisis because the economic crisis will have social and political impacts. This research suggests that Indonesia should focus on maintaining economic continuity in the real sector, maintaining the supply of basic needs at the community level, building economic independence by encouraging more production, and supporting political and security stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I study how the impacts of initial unemployment conditions on labor market returns vary for US college graduates with different levels of cognitive and social skills. Using the NLSY79 whose respondents graduated from college between 1979 and 1989, I find that the cost of recessions is substantial and unequal. The different roles of skills in workers' careers explain a large degree of heterogeneity in the costs of labor market shocks at graduation. When a worker with higher social skills graduates in a recession, she widens her advantage mostly through higher academic attainment and mobility toward highly rated and high-skilled occupations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to Covid 19 pandemic, policymakers need to consider long-term measures, and sustained fiscal and monetary policies to ensure economic recovery. Thus, several central banks introduced sizably expanded asset purchase programs besides conventional interest rate cuts. This paper analyses the new economic sitation in reaction to the pandemic consequences, the study concludes that policymakers have acted quickly to put in place economic measures to support economies. Consequently, all over the world, monetary and fiscal measures have been engaged. Meanwhile, we observe that monetary policy alone is less effective. It requires besides a complementary fiscal policy to curb the recession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]