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Chlorothalonil-based fungicide has been employed extensively to prevent various fungal diseases in plants to increase yield of crops. Conversely, over-usage of chlorothalonil can have adverse effects to human health and environment. An optical sensor implemented Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) phenomenon offers direct and simple detection method has been developed for chlorothalonil detection. In this study, a simple technique of seed-mediated growth method (SMGM) has been successfully performed to grow gold nanoparticles (GNPs) onto solid substrates. The process parameters; seeding time, growth time and effect of capping agent’s molecular weight were investigated to monitor the effect on nanoparticles formation. It was found that increasing the seeding time affect the surface density of GNPs. Furthermore, the investigation on growth time shows significant impact to the shape and size of nanoparticles with 2 hours growth time formed small particles whiles 5 hours and more produces bigger particles. Moreover, in this work, molecular weight (MW) of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as shape controlling agent was also investigated to observe the uniformity of nanoparticles. PVP 55,000 produced more uniform shape and size of gold nanoparticles compared to PVP 40,000. The prepared sample with 3 hours seeding time, 8 hours growth time and 55k MW of PVP produced highest surface density of GNPs which is 53.66 ± 1.23 %. This sample was further used as a sensing material in detection of chlorothalonil. The sensitivity of the sensor system is determined by measuring the change of peak position and intensity on t-SPR and l�SPR band of GNPs in three mediums; air, deionized water and chlorothalonil solution. Chlorothalonil with 30 mM concentration (without GNPs) exhibits no significant peak and thus proven that GNPs is more suitable to be used as sensing material. Besides, GNPs shows good stability response in 600 seconds with fast response and recovery time during five cycle

Fire prevention skills are necessary for preventing a person from being caught in uncontrollable spread of fire. Therefore, every person has to equip him/herself with the basic knowledge of handling fire at the early stage. The aim of this study is to develop an application on basic fire prevention. The study seeks to achieve the following two objectives: (i) to develop and design a basic fire prevention application with embedded multimedia elements and (ii) to test the functionality of the application in terms of content, interface, and interaction aspect. The rapid prototyping model (analysis of needs, objectives, designs, testing and implementation) was selected as a development model and the behaviourism learning theory was applied. Adobe Flash Professional CS6 was chosen as the development platform. The application consists of three modules: “You Need to Know,” “Mind Test,” and “Guide.” To test the functionality of the application, the developer collected data from three experts from the Faculty of Technical and Vocational Education and Malaysia Civil Defence Force Officer, Batu Pahat. The three experts were selected through targeted sampling. The result concluded that the application was smooth in terms of functionality thus is suitable for new learners to learn about basic fire prevention.

We demonstrate the structural reorganization of gold nanorods (GNRs) that could fine-tune localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) by using modified wet chemical synthesis on the solid substrate. Controlling the growth solution ageing time using the modifiable GNRs is an approach to overcome the limitations of rods formation due to inhomogeneous and uncontrollable size and aspect ratio. In this study, the suitable ageing time of GNRs was determined to produce optimum GNRs in terms of surface density and aspect ratio. As the ageing time was increased from 30 min to 24 h, the colour of the growth solution was changed from light to dark purple. The change is associated with the density of the nanorods formation. The optical spectral peaks of GNRs occur in a range between 500 nm and 800 nm in the visible and near-infrared region spectrum for transverse surface resonance (t-SPR) and longitudinal surface resonance (l-SPR), respectively. From the morphological analysis, it was found that 20 h ageing time resulting in high density and homogeneous GNRs with 74.81% surface density with 4.23 ± 0.04 aspect ratio. Hence, the growth ageing time of GNRs can be manipulated to control their shape evolution and dimension in terms of size and aspect ratio. The controllable aspect ratio and size GNRs can be potentially used as sensing material in plasmonic applications.

Kebelakangan ini semakin kerap bencana banjir yang melanda negara Malaysia. Bencana banjir yang berlaku ini, sama ada daripada tindakan manusia yang tidak bertanggungjawab mahupun faktor iklim, kedua-duanya membawa kepada akibat yang besar kepada sesebuah masyarakat. Keadaan semakin buruk dengan fenomena La Nina yang menyebabkan hujan lebat selain musim tengkujuh yang sering berlaku di bahagian pantai timur negara [1]. Penduduk yang berada di negeri-negeri yang mengalami banjir mengalami masalah yang sama. Tinggal di dalam khemah mangsa banjir sudah menjadi lumrah bagi mereka di sesetangah kawasan yang mengalami banjir yang teruk. Projek ini bertujuan membina sebuah khemah khususnya bagi penempatan mangsa banjir yang melanda negara. Projek yang dijalankan ini merujuk kepada segala permasalahan yang wujud di kalangan mangsa–manga banjir sendiri. Kumpulan sasaran adalah mangsa banjir yang berada di negeri yang sering mengalami banjir seperti di Kelantan, Terengganu, Johor dan Pahang. Objektif projek Khemah patuh Syariah ini adalah untuk membantu para mangsa dalam memberi satu keselesaan khususnya bagi mereka yang berkeluarga dan para wanita. Keselesaan yang dimaksudkan adalah fleksibiliti untuk menunaikan solat, mengambil wudhuk dan menukar pakaian. Projek ini diinovasi daripada khemah IM4U (1Malaysia For Youth) milik kerajaan yang telah digunakan bagi penempatan sementara mangsa banjir di Malaysia. Data-data dianalisis dan dipersembahkan dalam bentuk jadual. Melalui borang kajian yang diedarkan serta selepas dikaji secara teliti didapati bahawa masih ada kekurangan yang perlu dititikberatkan demi memberi keselesaan yang sepatutnya kepada mangsa banjir ini.

During Friday or ‘Hari Raya’ festival, mosques will be flooded with Muslims who wish to perform prayers. Normally, mosques or ‘musolla’ require a large prayer space and certainly committees of the mosques would like to provide a comfortable space to perform prayer. However, the problem comes when the area provided is small and therefore the mosque’s person in charge which is known as ‘tok siak’ needs to prepare additional prayer mat for them. In this study, Auto Roll Prayer Mat (ARPM) is a new innovation idea system that was designed to ease the burden and at the same time to make the task more efficient. ARPM can perform in two conditions, which are it can stretched out prayer mat automatically and the other is that the prayer mat also can roll back to its actual condition. The overall system was supported with a main component of the system which was a power window motor accompanied with pulse width modulation (PWM) motor controller circuit. Moreover, ARPM was also equipped with secondary function of an automatic cleaning process where the ARPM system was able to clean the prayer mat by using a servo motor and Arduino UNO microcontroller, while simultaneously stretching out the prayer mat.

Due to the environmental issue that have become serious each day, many researchers interested to solve the problem with few method of water treatment including carbon adsorption, ultrafiltration, coagulation using chemical method, biodegradation using microbes, ozonation and also advanced oxidation process. One of the popular methods is using doping method. The photocatalytic activity is said to be directly proportional to the dopant concentration based on previously study. The optimum photocatalytic activity will occur at optimum dopant concentration, but at certain level of dopant concentration, the photocatalytic efficiency will be decreasing. DR-UV Vis analysis shows that the nitrogen and magnesium doped caused the formation of new mid-gap energy state and make the band gap shifted.

The mechanism of signals transmitting in a single neuron has been modelled in mathematical neuroscience since the past few decades. One of the well-known mathematical neuronal models is the Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) model that models the dynamics of ionic channels embedded along the axon. When parameter values are varied, the HH model can show a variety of different qualitative behaviours. This means that the nervous system has been altered and this might relate to some neuronal diseases. New medical diagnosis can be made by bringing the parameter values back to its reasonable range. Thus, it is very important to analyse the dynamical systems of a single neuron model in one- and two-parameters bifurcation diagrams, and to study the stabilities of each parameter regions using computer simulations XPPAut and MatCont. Since a HH model consists of 4-differential equations, scientists have reduced the HH model to two-parameters differential equations to reduce the computational load of a more complex neuronal study. Reduced models such as the FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) and Morris-Lecar (ML) models are supposed to be able to explain the dynamical view of the mechanism of a single neuron in a better or simpler way without losing any dynamical properties from the original modelling.