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Four different simple, accurate and precise UV-spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the estimation of palbociclib (PB) in bulk and in-house capsule dosage form by zero order (Method I), zero order AUC (Method II), 'first order derivative UV-spectrophotometric (Method III), and first order AUC (Method IV) methods. The drug was dissolved in methanol (AR-Grade) and further dilution was made in double distilled water. Zero order was performed at max 220.00 nm of PB (Method I) and AUC was calculated between 215.40 nm - 228.20 nm wavelength (Method II). In Method-III zero-order spectra were derivatized into first-order and amplitude measured at 231.00 nm and the AUC was recorded between 224.00 nm - 240.60 nm (Method IV). PB followed linearity in the concentration range of 4.08-20.40 µg/mL with correlation coefficient (r2)> 0.99 for PB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Carnitine insufficiency is responsible for various co-morbid conditions in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. L-carnitine supplementation is expected to improve the quality of life (QoL) of patients on MHD. Aims: [...]

This study evaluated the feasibility of Rhodamine-B dye (Rh B) removal from aqueous solution, using Lead-Iron Oxide nanoparticles Loaded Activated Carbon (FePbO@AC). The parameters like pH, contact time, adsorbent/adsorbate dosage and temperature on adsorption was studied. Optimized conditions are pH of 7.0, 25 min contact time, 50 ppm of dye concentration and 200 mg of adsorbent concentration. The kinetics of adsorption was calculated using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion models. The calculations revealed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation best-fit the adsorption data. The Langmuir isotherm model best fit the equilibrium data. The maximum sorption capacity (Qmax) for dye is 1000 mg Rh B/g FePbO@AC. Change in entropy (ΔS), Gibb's free energy change (ΔG), and enthalpy (ΔH) were calculated for the adsorption of Rh B dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extruded snack products are the most abundantly consumed products amongst the world as they are cheaper, easily available and have great tastes. Gluten free extruded snacks are not abundantly present in the market. This study will definitely augment and give a lift to the gluten free snack producing industries. Present study deals effect of extrusion parameters (die temperature and feed moisture) on expansion, density, color (L value), and hardness, water solubility index (WSI) and water absorption index (WAI) of gluten free extruded snack consisting of rice, sorghum, unripe banana, water chestnut and moong flour. Distance based response surface methodology was used. Expansion was increased with increasing die temperature at high moisture levels. Density increased with moisture at low temperature and vice versa. L value was positively affected at lower temperature and moisture however, the product obtained was dark in color due to Maillard reaction at higher temperature. Hardness was decreased with increasing die temperature at high moisture. While WSI was not found to be significantly affected by these two parameters, WAI was observed to be increasing with increasing moisture followed by a decrease in its value. Incorporation of extruded flour improved gluten free dough and flatbread properties also found to enhance sensory acceptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF), a congenital heart defect which includes a ventricular septal defect and severe right ventricular outflow obstruction, account for the majority of cases with late onset right ventricle (RV) failure. The current surgical approach, which includes pulmonary valve replacement/insertion (PVR), has yielded mixed results. A computational parametric study using 7 patient-specific RV/LV models based on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) data as "virtual surgery" was performed to investigate the impact of patch size, RV remodeling and tissue regeneration in PVR surgery design on RV cardiac functions. Two patch sizes, three degrees of scar trimming (RV volume shrinkages: 9%, 17%, 25%) and hypothetical use of regenerated myocardium as replacement of patch and scar were considered in these models. Our preliminary results indicate that each of the three techniques (smaller patch, RV remodeling, and myocardium regeneration) had modest improvement on post-PVR RV ejection fraction (from 1.76%-4% over the conventional PVR procedure) and combination of all three techniques had the best performance (a 4.74% improvement in ejection fraction over the conventional PVR, for the patient studied). Changes in RV stress, strain and curvatures were also observed. However, their linkages to RV ejection fraction were less clear. Further investigations are required to confirm our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To demonstrate the clinical efficacy of autologous mitochondrial transplantation in preparation for translation to human application using an in vivo swine model. Methods A left mini-thoracotomy was performed on Yorkshire pigs. The pectoralis major was dissected, and skeletal muscle tissue was removed and used for the isolation of autologous mitochondria. The heart was subjected to regional ischemia (RI) by temporarily snaring the circumflex artery. After 24 minutes of RI, hearts received 8 × 0.1 mL injections of vehicle (vehicle-only group; n = 6) or vehicle containing mitochondria (mitochondria group; n = 6) into the area at risk (AAR), and the snare was released. The thoracotomy was closed, and the pigs were allowed to recover for 4 weeks. Results Levels of creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme and cardiac troponin I were significantly increased ( P = .006) in the vehicle-only group compared with the mitochondria group. Immune, inflammatory, and cytokine activation markers showed no significant difference between groups. There was no significant between-group difference in the AAR ( P = .48), but infarct size was significantly greater in the vehicle group ( P = .004). Echocardiography showed no significant differences in global function. Histochemistry and transmission electron microscopy revealed damaged heart tissue in the vehicle group that was not apparent in the mitochondria group. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and histology demonstrated that the injected mitochondria were present for 4 weeks. Conclusions Autologous mitochondrial transplantation provides a novel technique to significantly enhance myocardial cell viability following ischemia and reperfusion in the clinically relevant swine model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenosis is present in approximately 5% of patients with congenital supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) (Fig. 1)1 and is associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death.2 However, patients undergoing coronary artery intervention at the time of SVAS repair are at the highest risk of experiencing major adverse cardiac events.3 Literature reports of surgical techniques and outcomes of concomitant coronary artery repair in these high-risk patients are diverse and inconsistently described. We have recently adopted a standardized surgical technique for management of this complex pathology by combining extended LMCA patch augmentation with a 3-patch aortic root reconstruction (Brom's technique). In this report, we describe our contemporary surgical technique of 3-patch aortic root reconstruction with extended LMCA patch augmentation for patients with congenital SVAS with ostial LMCA stenosis and bilateral outflow tract obstruction. Institutional review board approval was obtained for retrospective review of patient charts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]