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3D printing also commonly known Additive manufacturing (AM) is the layering of materials by a computer to build 3D shapes of desired materials. It's very handy for prototyping and working with geometrically complicated materials. It was founded and developed in the 1980s, but it was a costly and demanding procedure at the time, with few uses. It became quiet relevant and inexpensive in the 2000 and a variety of applications which includes product development, component manufacturing, and tool manufacturing, plastic, aerospace engineering metalworking, Foot wear, dental and medical applications, and electronics. Even the household uses of 3D printers were happening. The construction sector also started using 3D technology and the systems used were called 3D printers for construction Computer-aided design, or CAD design, or the usage of a 3D scanner are both used to build a 3D model.

Topology Optimization (TO) is the method used for maximizing the performance of the system by optimizing material arrangement inside an appropriate topology design operation, for an appropriate set of loads, boundary restraints, and constraints. This helps in the reduction of the materials which in turn reduces the cost of materials. In the current scenario, the price of the ingredients of the traditional concrete is very high. The implementation of TO gives a good impact on the economy of construction, as the materials are optimally placed in the plane of load distribution as per various loading condition. The Evolutionary Structural optimization (ESO) is used for topology optimization. The main merits of implementing topology optimization are that the cost, as well as the weight of the structural member, becomes more effective. Customarily MATLAB software is used for analysis and designing the member. This method will highly useful for the society and the environment.

trans-Resveratrol, a polyphenolic stilbene of plant origin is structurally similar to natural and synthetic estrogens and has been classified a phytoestrogen. Direct binding of resveratrol to the n...

The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has thus far killed over 3,000 people and infected over 80,000 in China and elsewhere in the world, resulting in catastrophe for humans. Similar to its homologous virus, SARS-CoV, which caused SARS in thousands of people in 2003, SARS-CoV-2 might also be transmitted from the bats and causes similar symptoms through a similar mechanism. However, COVID-19 has lower severity and mortality than SARS but is much more transmissive and affects more elderly individuals than youth and more men than women. Consumption of alcohol will not kill the virus in the inhaled air; it will not disinfect your mouth and throat; and it will not give you any kind of protection against COVID-19. In response to the rapidly increasing number of publications on the emerging disease, this article attempts to provide a timely and comprehensive review of the swiftly developing research subject. Although many questions still require answers, we hope that this review helps in the understanding and eradication of the threatening disease.

In this report, synthesis, characterization, biological and molecular modeling studies of Nophen Schiff base [N,N-bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde)-o-phenylenediamine] and Co(II)-Nophen complex have been furnished. BSA binding affinities of the ligand and Co(II)-Nophen complex have been appraised by UV-visible, fluorescence and cyclic voltammetric techniques. Spectroscopic measurements indicate strong binding of the complex with BSA protein through static quenching mechanism with binding constant in the order of 104 M−1. The negative shift of the peak potential in cyclic voltammetry suggested an electrostatic interaction. Molecular docking analysis reveals significant binding affinity (-6.3 kcal/mol) of the complex towards BSA protein. It is amazing that the in vitro cytotoxicity of Co(II)-Nophen complex against A549 cell lines (Human lung carcinoma cells) has remarkable potentials with 29 ± 1.2 µM as IC50 value. Comparing the biological activity towards microorganisms, Co(II)-Nophen complex show substantial response than the Nophen ligand. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma Synthesis and Characterization of Co(II)-Nophen complex derived from Nophen ligand Analytical, computational and spectral techniques are performed BSA binding and molecular modeling of ligand and Co(II)-Nophen complex are studied Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of synthesized compounds are examined In vitro cytotoxicity against A549 cell lines is notable for Co(II)-Nophen complex

Iron metabolism is crucial to maintain optimal physiological homeostasis of every organism and any alteration of the iron concentration (i.e. deficit or excess) can have adverse consequences. Transferrins are glycoprotein’s that play important role in iron transportation and have been widely characterized in vertebrates, and insects, but poorly studied in blood-feeding mosquitoes. Here, we characterized a 2102 bp long transcript AcTrf1a encoding putative transferrin homolog protein from mosquito An. culicifacies. A detailed in silico analysis predicts AcTrf1a (ACUA023913-RA) encodes 624 amino acid (aa) long polypeptide that carries transferrin domain. AcTrf1a also showed a putative N-linked glycosylation site, a characteristic feature of most of the mammalian transferrin’s and certain non-blood feeding insects. Structure modelling prediction confers the presence of an iron binding site at the N-terminal lobe of the transferrin. Our spatial and temporal expression analysis under altered pathophysiological conditions showed that AcTrf1a abundantly express in the fat-body, ovary, and its response is significantly altered (enhanced) after blood meal uptake, and exogenous bacterial challenge. Additionally, a non-heme iron supplementation of FeCl3 at 1 mM concentration not only augmented the AcTrf1a transcript expression in fat-body, also enhanced the reproductive fecundity of gravid adult female mosquitoes. RNAi mediated knockdown of AcTrf1a causes a significant reduction in the egg laying/fecundity, confirmed important role of transferrin in oocyte maturation. Further detailed characterization may help to select this transcript as a unique target to impair the mosquito reproductive outcome.HighlightsInsect transferrins are mostly glycoprotein of about 60-80 kDa molecular weight, involved in myriad physiological events and serve as a major iron transport protein.Here, we identified and characterized a 2102 bp long transcript encoding putative transferrin homolog of 624 aa long peptide, carrying only one fully functional transferrin domain at N-terminal from An. culicifacies.Spatial and temporal expression analysis of AcTrf1a highlights an enriched expression in fat-body and ovary during vitellogenesis.Iron supplementation and dsRNA mediated knockdown experiments together confer that AcTrf1a may have key role in the iron homeostasis regulation during oogenesis, and egg maturation in the gravid female mosquitoes.Graphical abstractFig 1:Schematic presentation of iron transport from midgut to ovary by transferrin1 and oocyte reduction after AcTrf1a knockdown.Mosquito acquires iron either from blood meal or iron supplementation in sugar meal. Fat-body derived transferrin proceed towards the gut surface, load iron in its N-terminal iron-binding pocket and deliver iron to ovary. This blood meal iron is required by adult female for completion of gonotrophic cycle. (a) limited iron availability in sugar meal does not support the ovary development and hence no oogenesis; (b) when sugar meal is replaced by blood meal upregulation of transferrin protein results in rapid iron transport to various organs including ovary results in healthy ovarian growth; (c) RNAi mediated knockdown of this transporter protein transferrin in fat-body followed by blood meal, may cause reduced iron transport to ovary and consequently declines in oocyte load.