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The development of the HSR station area is the result of the combined effect of the three elements of transport, place, and industry. This study introduces the industrial dimension and constructs the node-place-industry model to empirically analyze the development potential of station areas along the Hunan section of the Beijing–Guangzhou and the Shanghai–Kunming high-speed railway lines. The results show that (1) the development of the three spatial elements of the station area is mostly out of sync, and the node value has the highest fit with the integrated potential value of the station area; (2) there is a significant correlation between the magnitude of the combined potential of the station area and the site location, station class and time of development; (3) according to the results of the cluster analysis, it was found that most of the stations were in a state of disequilibrium, and the main reason was that the functional value of the place did not match with the value of industrial aggregation. In particular, the introduction of the industry dimension extends the NP model and establishes a tessellated analytical framework for station type classification, providing an interesting assessment tool for the sustainable development of transport hub areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A railway station subgrade (RSS) is a complex earth structure for supporting various railway facilities and its building information modeling (BIM) is an essential task in a railway station project. During the entire life cycle of an RSS BIM model, it will be frequently updated according to the progress of the project. However, the current way of updating an RSS model is commonly conducted in a complete rebuild, which is very inefficient and time-consuming. To address this issue, we propose a novel approach for realizing a partial BIM update driven by model changes, through which a quick update for an existing RSS BIM model can be achieved. A partial updating strategy that is triggered by a model change is developed to locate a minimum influenced domain of the original model and update it in that domain. An actual railway station case is used for demonstrating the validity of the approach, through which a quick partial update to an existing RSS model is achieved by skipping the redundant computations in the process of a complete rebuild. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The operations performance of a railway station depends on the compatibility of its layout and the traffic pattern. It is necessary to determining an adaptable station layout for a railway station in accordance with its complex traffic pattern during the design phase. This paper assesses the railway station layout from a capacity perspective. In particular, this paper addresses an optimization-based capacity estimation approach for the layout variants of a railway station (i.e., the number of siding tracks and the structure of the connections in between) considering the traffic pattern variants. A mixed integer programming model for microscopic timetable compression is applied to calculate the occupation rate of the given traffic pattern with flexible route choices and train orders. A novel "schedule-and-fix" heuristic algorithm is proposed to solve large-scale instances efficiently. In the case study, we evaluate the performance of the schedule-and-fix method compared with the benchmark solvers Gurobi and CP-SAT. Applying the proposed method, we compare the capacity performances of the two station design schemes, i.e., one with a flyover and the other without. The result shows that, for the given instance, building a flyover gains capacity benefits as it reduces the potential conflict in the throat area. However, the level of benefit depends on the combination of trains. It is necessary to build the flyover when the proportion of turn-around trains is more than 70% from the perspective of station capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with the traditional jet grouting method, the MJS method has the advantages of less construction disturbance, stable earth pressure and reliable construction effect. The method is widely used in the field of urban rail transit. In order to solve the problems that the transfer node of Guicheng station of Foshan Urban Rail Transit Line 3 was constructed under the geological conditions of complex surrounding environment and water-rich sand layer, the stratum reinforcement effect was not expected, and the civil construction cause water gushing and sand gushing easily, the MJS construction method was adopted to solve the problems of excessive deformation of engineering structure and its surrounding buildings. With reasonable selection and control of water cement ratio, cement slurry pressure, piling error, slurry flow, lifting speed, rotational speed, cement content and other process parameters, All MJS high pressure jet grouting pile core strength representative value were higher than 1.4 MPa, the pile body was continuous, the cement mixing and the cementation was effective and met the design strength requests, achieved the water stop effect in the rich water sand layer. During the construction period, the maximum accumulative settlement and horizontal displacement of the surrounding buildings were 3. 24 mm and 1.79 mm respectively, which were smaller than the deformation control values, and the structural deformation control effect was good, which met the surrounding building (structure) deformation control requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the construction of the Nansha-Zhuhai-Zhongshan Intercity Railway in the Greater Bay Area, in order to meet the requirements including platform yield distance, platform floor layout in the public area of the Qijiangxincheng station, and optimize the station scale and spatial visual effect, the public area was designed without columns. At present, the engineering experience of adopting the concept of no column in the underground structure of intercity railway is insufficient. The span of the station on the third underground floor is 22.9 m, which leads to questions including component stress design, section selection, anti-floating design, etc. Based on the scheme design of the project, this paper used the numerical simulation method to analyze the design scheme under various working conditions by comparing the stress results of the bottom uplift pile setting and the roof structure. The results show that: The bending moment at the midspan and bearing decreases by 67.5% and 69.4% respectively after the bottom plate is set with double rows of uplift piles. The bending moment of the bottom plate only increases 4.2%, and the scheme has more advantages in terms of construction and economy. In the section type of roof camber, the bending moment of roof midspan can be reduced by 63.85%, and the bending moment of support can be reduced by 51%, which can significantly improve the structural stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With rapid high-speed railway (HSR) developments in China, HSR-based transit-oriented development (TOD) has proliferated across the country. Although local governments claim that HSR station areas are planned according to TOD principles, some scholars argue that these station areas actually contribute to unsustainable development. This study investigates two main questions: (1) what success factors should be included in a TOD plan for HSR station areas? (2) to what extent are these factors considered in the plans of Chinese HSR station areas? To answer these questions, we use content analysis to compare spatial plans for 15 HSR station areas across China, triangulating the findings via in-depth interviews and field investigations. This study reveals that most of the factors in the plans for HSR station areas deviate from TOD principles, especially in small- and medium-sized cities. We find that Chinese local governments mainly use TODs as a tool to promote suburban expansion around HSR stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the intensive, efficient, and sustainable utilization of land resources, it is of great significance to optimize the spatial allocation of different types of land use intensity in rail transit station areas. The current land use optimization model has some shortcomings in objective function, constraint conditions, and the solution process. In response to this, a new multi-objective optimization model for rail transit station land use was built. With station space efficiency as the starting point, the three objectives of the model optimization were the traffic volume, environment quality, and land balance of the rail transit station, and the constraint conditions were the plot ratio, environment quality, and efficiency level. Lingo was used to solve the optimal plot ratio of different types of land use intensity. Compared with the non-inferior solution of the rail transit station area multi-objective original model, the ideal plot ratio of various land uses obtained by the optimized new model was more reasonable. There was a relatively large gap between the non-inferior solutions of some original models and the actual conditions. In contrast, the optimized new model had stronger maneuverability. The deviation ranges of the two models were −0.4% to 0.9% on the residential land plot ratio adjustment index, −3.2% to 4.8% on the public land plot ratio adjustment index, and 1.1% to 1.9% on the commercial land plot ratio adjustment index. This research aimed to provide a basis and reference for the land use and planning of Xi'an rail transit station. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to make full use of energy consumption monitoring, BAS, intelligent lighting and other systems related to energy management in the station, and establish a resource sharing energy management system platform, this paper studies the integration scheme of energy management system. Firstly, the functional requirements of the whole system are analyzed. Then it discusses the establishment of standardized energy consumption model and energy consumption KPI index system of the railway station, which provides the basis for the design of integrated platform metering system. On this basis, the overall architecture of the energy management system is given, and the integration scheme is designed according to this architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sanitizing railway stations is a relevant issue, primarily due to the recent evolution of the Covid-19 pandemic. In this work, we propose a multi-robot approach to sanitize railway stations based on a distributed Deep Q-Learning technique. The proposed framework relies on anonymous data from existing WiFi networks to dynamically estimate crowded areas within the station and to develop a heatmap of prioritized areas to be sanitized. Such heatmap is then provided to a team of cleaning robots - each endowed with a robot-specific convolutional neural network - that learn how to effectively cooperate and sanitize the station's areas according to the associated priorities. The proposed approach is evaluated in a realistic simulation scenario provided by the Italian largest railways station: Roma Termini. In this setting, we consider different case studies to assess how the approach scales with the number of robots and how the trained system performs with a real dataset retrieved from a one-day data recording of the station's WiFi network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Previous studies generally used land use and travel flow to investigate the efficiency of the railway system in Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) cities. Furthermore, to study the association of land use and jobs–housing distribution of commuters, we can find out the potential development of rail commuting. In this research, four railway lines in Wuhan, China, were selected to explore the land use in promoting practical commuting population according to the smart-card data obtained. For land use issues, except the road density and building density, a Normalized Location-Weighted Landscape Index (NLWLI) based on the source – sink theory in landscape ecology was established to assess the jobs–housing land use around rail transit stations. Meanwhile, employment and housing details of commuters around rail transit stations were identified using smart-card data. We found that the generation of commuting flow was affected by building density and the land use of employment in the immediate vicinity of rail transit stations. The distribution of building density and commuters in a mature rail line was roughly a normal distribution. However, due to the inconsistency of land use and jobs – housing distribution around stations, the requirement of the balance of land use and jobs – housing distribution should be reduced at the scale of rail stations in the TOD planning systems. This study is the application of massive smart-card data in the field of urban research. It identifies land use issues that affect rail transit commuting flow, and can help urban planners improve the efficiency of rail transit through planning and design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, mobility represents the main productive process: this means that territorial sustainability must necessarily include sustainable movements as a key component. The increase in transport entity and transport routes, economic convenience, and, last but not least, a higher environmental awareness, are leading to higher consideration of the use of railways. In this framework, railway stations represent complex objects requiring significant material flows, which make up their ecological footprint. In this sense, a railway station is the last industrial plant to be accepted in contemporary cities. The last 2 years of pandemics have amplified both the need for tangible sustainability and the demand for active mobility-friendly cities. Discussing the sustainability of a station involves examining and measuring its ecological footprint, to provide active support to the targeted planning and design of mitigation measures. Their impact and effectiveness are certainly amplified by the natural central role of the railway stations. And what if the pursuit of sustainability for the railway stations could be intertwined with the search for quality collective spaces? The answer is positive. The proposed algorithm allows shifting from a qualitative view (so to say, measured on a flat-rate basis), to a quantitative view of the possible improvement actions on the operation and maintenance processes of railway stations. Moreover, through minor adaptations, it could also be applied to industrial or residential processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the nineteenth century, the impact of railways on urbanization was significant, despite initial predictions that its role would be limited to transportation. The presence of a railway station had impacted the urban fabric of Lahore during the colonial rule. It was the first purpose-built building by the British and it started the new era of urban expansion. Eventually, railway development turned out to be the fourth major settlement of Lahore. The objective of this paper is to highlight the contribution of railways in shaping the form and growth of Lahore. The methodology employed for this study consisted of collecting both primary and secondary data, followed by a comparative analysis of the urban context of pre-colonial Lahore and its development post the introduction of railways in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rolling Stock (1002-7602) is the property of Rolling Stock Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A four-view foreign object detection and location method based on machine vision is proposed for detecting and locating foreign objects without blind areas in platform gaps of 130 ~ 460 m rail transit stations. The method constructs a wide-range triangulation model without modifying the focal length and baseline by setting two equal-length and parallel strips as background reference and four miniature long fixed focal length cameras in the gap, and calculates the object position by simultaneously measuring the remaining length of the strips in the four cameras view after being obscured by the object. The practical operation performance shows that on the underground platform of intercity trains (0-174 m), the average ranging error is 0. 854 m when the train is not in the station and 3. 26 m when the train is in the station, and the foreign object ranging accuracy is not affected by its distance and environmental illumination, and foreign object can be located at the train door. The location method fulfills foreign object detection without blind areas and high-precision ranging of a single foreign object in a long distance and wide range at low cost. The method is suitable for foreign object detection and location within 0-460 m distance in the platform gap of subway, intercity and high-speed railway stations, which can improve the efficiency of foreign object processing, and also provides a new realization way for traditional binocular distance measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Where an urban rail transit line is connected to the passenger transport hub of a high-speed rail, it usually underpasses the high-speed railway, and the research process is complicated and the technical requirement is high. The reasonable selection of rail transit station is the basis and key point of the project research. Taking Xi'an Metro Line 1 connecting with Qindu High-speed Railway Station as an example, this paper summarizes the research concepts and methods of the route scheme of urban rail transit connecting with high-speed railway in view of such factors as connecting and transferring function, difficulty of passing under high-speed railway, passenger flow benefit, line technical conditions, influence degree of construction and settlement of high-speed railway subgrade. By comparing the location characteristics of Line 1 connecting with Qindu High-speed Railway station along Xianping Road, Caihong Second Road and Xiandao Road, and analyzing in detail the conditions of connection and transfer, planning compliance, passenger flow benefit, operation conditions and construction risks, laying tracks along Caihong Second Road is recommended. This section adopts shield tunneling method to underpass the high railway subgrade. Baoquan Road station and Qindu station at both ends of the section are underground stations with three floors. The length of the underpass section is 672 m, and the angle of intersection with the HSR plane is about 93°. The vault of line 1 tunnel is about 3. 235 m away from the bottom of CFG pile of high-speed railway. Midas GTS-NX three-dimensional finite element software simulation shows that the maximum vertical settlement of high-speed railway bed is 8.68 mm, the longitudinal and transverse displacement of track bed is 0. 20 mm and 0. 44 mm respectively, meeting the requirements of settlement control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By the end of 2022, China had built 1 841 railway passenger stations, stations and surrounding areas had become critical functional node of city, and station-city integration an important tendency. At present, in some places station-city integration is confused with comprehensive development and TOD mode, resulting in the same station-city integration strategies, development being talked about by every station, and very few passengers taking high-speed railway. The main reason is the lack of the research on classification of station-city integration, as well as on main frame composition of different types. In view of the fact that the core service object of the station-city integration is passengers and the external manifestation is the relationship between station and city, it is suggested that station-city integration in our country can be divided into three types: "strong-station and weak-city" (emphasizing more on external transportation and collect and distribution traffic), "equal emphasis on station and city" (emphasizing both external transportation and urban function) and "weak-station and strong-city" (emphasizing more on urban function) by analyzing the travel demand of passengers and learning from the development course of the relationship between station and city in foreign countries. It is suggested that the main frame composition of station-city integration should be based on national conditions and have strong pertinence and operability. The main framework of different types of station-city integration should be selected through multi-dimensional analysis from three dimensions: national policy documents, the requirements of cooperation between local railway administration and government, and the internal demand of passengers. The main frame composition of "strong-station and weak-city" type includes railway transportation, connecting traffic, intra-station service and process mechanism, etc. The main frame composition of "equal emphasis on station and city" type includes railway transportation, connecting traffic, comprehensive development and process mechanism, etc., while the main frame composition of the "weak-station and strong-city" type focuses more on connecting traffic, comprehensive development and process mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Busy, complex railway stations that serve as origin and termination points for a significant proportion of trains are essential to regional railway networks. Resolving conflicts between arrival–departure operations and shunting operations of cross-line trains and originating or terminating passenger trains in the throat area is important for safety in these multidirectional stations. The main task of this paper is to study the train platforming problem, and we consider the integration of track and route allocation with shunting route allocation on the basis of the traditional TTP problem, so as to formulate a strong anti-interference track allocation plan for busy, complex railway stations. Therefore, in view of the complex characteristics of train operation in busy, complex railway stations, we extensively examine the technical operational characteristics of various trains in multidirectional stations, which are the key constraints of the model, and establish a mixed-integer linear programming model. This model aims to balance the buffer time for track occupation and optimize the routing and scheduling of trains in stations. Furthermore, an improved genetic algorithm is proposed to effectively implement the developed model. In the case study of Guangzhou Station, the occupation analysis after the optimization of the method in this paper indicates that the shunting operations significantly interfere with arrival–departure operations in throat areas. The optimization of buffer times and track utilization times resulted in notable reductions of 30.55% and 77.82%, respectively, in quadratic differences. These outcomes provide empirical evidence supporting the feasibility of the proposed model and algorithm for addressing train platforming problems, particularly in complex, multidirectional, and heavily trafficked railway stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the network operation of urban rail transit systems, disruptions caused by signal interruptions influence not only the operation of the service at a single station but also the level of service of the whole network. Moreover, it is even possible to induce the cascading failure of the urban rail transit network. Therefore, it is essential to maintain the real-time dynamic monitoring of abnormal stations in urban rail transit systems for security reasons. Based on the large amounts of automated fare collection (AFC) data, a real-time calculation method to estimate the influence intensity of the passenger flow is presented, the spatiotemporal distribution of the influence characteristics is analyzed, and the propagation law of disruptions in the urban rail transit network is explored. First, the fluctuation threshold of passenger flow in a normal situation for all stations was calculated. Accordingly, abnormal stations influenced by the disruption were identified. Then, an evaluation method for calculating the influence intensity of the passenger flow was proposed. Finally, a real-world case study based on the Beijing rail transit system was conducted. All abnormal stations were identified dynamically and displayed in real time, and the distribution and propagation law of abnormal stations were constructed by spatiotemporal diagrams. The influence intensity of passenger flow was analyzed in detail from the perspective of the whole network and representative stations. The results revealed that transfer stations were more vulnerable to the effects of disruption, and the duration for which these stations were affected was longer than that of ordinary stations. Moreover, short-distance travelers were less affected by the disruption than long-distance travelers. The method proposed in this paper can provide a theoretical basis for rail management departments to grasp the characteristics of passenger flow in real time, formulate disposal measures dynamically, and provide more accurate information services for passengers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, nations are moving toward the electrification of the transportation section, and the widespread development of EV charging stations and their infrastructures supplied by the grid would strain the power grid and lead to overload issues in the network. To address this challenge, this paper presents a method for utilizing the braking energy of trains in railway stations to charge EVs located in strategic areas like park-and-ride regions close to railway stations improving energy efficiency and preventing grid overload. To validate the feasibility of the proposed system, a metro substation in Milan city is considered as a case study located in outskirts of the city and contains large number of parking space for vehicles. Three different scenarios are evaluated including DC fast charging station, AC low charging station and collaborative hybrid energy storage based AC charging station as EV charging station type. The results are studied for different EV population number, charging rate and the contractual power grid. Meanwhile, the possibility of proposed system in participating as V2G technology and taking advantage of the EV's batteries to provide ancillary support to accelerating trains is investigated regarding peak shaving objective. The results indicated that the suggested interconnected system operates effectively when a significant quantity of EVs are parked at the station. However, the results revealed that the performance of the proposed system is notably influenced by other factors and a limited number of EVs during the early morning and late evening periods. Overall, this study confirms the feasibility of energy transfer between two types of transportation means in intermodal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When metro networks are shut down due to an unconventional emergency, numerous passengers will get stranded and wait to be evacuated. A clear understanding of the stranded passengers in the network is the basis for designing an efficient evacuation strategy. Previous studies focused more on disruption management and assumed a known evacuation demand. Few studies considered the distribution of stranded passengers, especially when the metro network is shut down due to unconventional emergencies. This motivates us to develop a discrete eventbased simulation model to estimate the number and distribution of stranded passengers. The proposed model takes the numbers of stranded passengers at stations and trains as the state variables and develops the state evolution rule of the metro system. The numbers and destinations of stranded passengers at trains and on stations at each time step, including the transfer and non-transfer stations, are calculated to describe the state evolution of the metro system. Chongqing Rail Transit (CRT) network is taken as an example. The result shows that the stations with the most stranded passengers are located downtown. Origin-Destinations (ODs) with more stranded passengers have a relatively shorter travel distance, while ODs with fewer stranded passengers have a relatively long travel distance. The average directional disequilibrium factor of stranded passengers of ODs in the whole network is high, especially for those ODs with many stranded passengers. These findings reveal the distribution characteristics of stranded passengers and can provide significant assistance to an emergency manager who is designing an efficient emergency evacuation plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agustina Bessa-Luís is the most prolific female writer in all of Portuguese literature. The centenary of the author of A Sibila is a celebration of the work and thoughts of a contemporary.The following communication proposal aims to analyze As Estações da Vida, published in 2002, and reflect on the importance of the hustle and bustle of train stations on the Douro line as a form of memory and imagination of a time and a region.The tiles of the Pinhão station or the São Bento station are the pretext for unraveling a literary and human thread, which is born from the scrutinization of those small blue and white squares, which tell stories of the harvest and the hustle and bustle of everyday life in the North. and the Douro: "the tiles tell a whole poetry that is not epic, it is everyday life, it is a sermon without a cassock, it is a contract without philosophy" (24). We find in As Estações da Vida an entire world, alive and bright, based on Agustina's prodigious writing, which reveals the local and the universal in a unique, synesthetic and impressionistic way. As Estações da Vida therefore guard and contain the salvation of what binds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A geographical flow (hereafter flow) is defined as a movement between locations at two different times. A group of spatiotemporal flows can be viewed as a cluster if their origins and destinations are both spatiotemporally concentrated. Identifying spatiotemporal flow clusters may help reveal underlying spatiotemporal mobility trends or intensive relationships between regions. Despite recent advances in flow clustering methods, most only consider spatial attributes and ignore temporal information, and may fail to differentiate space-close but time-separated clusters. To this end, we derive global and local versions of the Spatiotemporal Flow L-function, extended from the classical L-function for points, and thereby construct a clustering method. First, the global version is utilized to check whether flow data contain clusters and estimate the spatial and temporal scales of the clusters. The local version is then employed to extract the clusters with the estimated scales. Experiments of simulated data demonstrate that our method outperforms three state-of-the-art methods in identifying spatiotemporal flow clusters with arbitrary shapes and different densities and reducing subjectivity in the parameter selection process. A case study with taxi data shows that our method reveals residents' spatiotemporal moving patterns, including rush-hour commuting and whole-daytime transferring among railway stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passengers' safety against unexpected incidents such as rail stations' fire accidents is essential in the safety field. The presence of luggage with passengers occupies extra space, diminishes passenger's velocity in high densities, and consequently increases the evacuation time. Therefore, studying the mixture of luggage-laden passengers with non-luggage-laden passengers during the emergency evacuation time of a rail station is vital. In this paper, a simulation of a metro-rail transfer station using an extended cellular automata (CA) model is used to illustrate the importance of this consideration. In this model, luggage-laden passengers and non-luggage-laden passengers are defined as two-cell and one-cell groups, respectively. Specific parameters for luggage-laden passengers in minimum wall prevention and velocity are used. Also, the volume of each passenger group is extracted from the Wi-Fi scanners during the busiest time of the normal station operational hours due to metro and railway schedules. The simulation is carried out using the Python programming language. Fourteen scenarios that vary in their impact on the three classifications of station infrastructure, station equipment, and management's approach are presented. The analysis indicates that approximately 28% of passengers, or 236 passengers, will not be evacuated in the time period predicted by the simulation if the luggage is not considered. Interestingly, resizing retail stores in the corridor reduced emergency evacuation times by 6.3%, the equivalent of removing them. Failures in the two escalators affect an 8% and 9.4% increase in emergency evacuation time and cause 28 and 46 more passengers to be trapped, respectively. Although the construction of the second railway entrance corridor has been suspended, results indicate that it will save 67 passengers and reduce evacuation time by 9.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the main artery of the national economy, the national major livelihood project and the hub of the comprehensive transportation system, the status and role of high-speed railway stations are increasingly prominent, and the stations are faced with huge demand for carbon reduction and transformation challenges. This paper discussed the intelligent, green, and humanistic development path of the large high-speed railway station in cold regions, which had various design requirements, difficult construction, and high energy consumption. Taking Mudanjiang railway station as an example, starting from its actual functional requirements and characteristics, the concept was proposed which combining smart and low carbon into the full process of design, construction, operation, and maintenance. The concept provide a reference for the performance optimization, cost control and quality improvement of large high-speed railway passenger stations in cold regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Ruskin Bond is a well-known Indian author whose works are deeply rooted in his personal experiences and observations. His stories often feature an autobiographical element, with characters and settings inspired by his own life. This study explores the autobiographical element in Bond's writings and how it adds depth and authenticity to his works. Through an analysis of some of his famous short stories, the researchers highlight how Bond's stories reflect his experiences of growing up in small towns in India, observing people at railway stations, spending time with local craftsmen and living in the Himalayas. The researchers also discuss how Bond's works often explore themes of individuality, simplicity, nostalgia and the relationship between humans and nature. Overall, Bond's autobiographical element brings a unique perspective to his works and captures the essence of human relationships and the importance of finding beauty and joy in the everyday. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The aim of the present study was to improve of the automated control system of the sugar plant diffusion station, which does not respond adequately to violations of the technological regime when changing the quality indicators of raw beet materials and the rhythm of work. Materials and methods. The paper considers the data of the diffusion station and the lab for testing of raw materials of the Zhdanivkyi Sugar Plan, Vinnytsia region, Ukraine. To improve the automation system, it is proposed to include a subsystem for resolving conflict modes, and the method of bimatrix non-antagonistic game is used. Results and discussion. Uncontrolled parameters worsen the quality of raw beet materials and chips, disrupt the movement of chips in the scalding unit and column, and affect machine loading. Contradictions arise: an increase in productivity reduces storage losses, but leads to an increase in sugar losses with the cake because higher throughput reduces the time for optimal extraction. Changes in the condition of the raw beet materials decreases the processing quality and plant productivity. For the studied sugar plant, changing chip thickness from 6 to 9.5 m/100 grams of beet caused the voltage on the column motors to vary from 135 to 375 V, leading to changes in plant productivity from 2033 to 2358 t/day and sugar losses from 0.39 to 0.65% by weight of processed beets. An approach to the automation of a diffusion station was proposed. This approach involves supplementing existing systems with a subsystem for resolving conflict modes of operation. The subsystem uses information from the automatic control system, operator inspections, and laboratory data. By applying game theory, it controls the performance of the diffusion station. This algorithm minimizes the total loss of sugar during the storage and processing of beet. It also forms control actions to adjust technological parameters. The methodology involves presenting the problem as a non-antagonistic bimatrix game. In this game, one party aims to increase plant productivity during processing. The other party focuses on reducing losses during processing. The set of strategies involves changing the thickness of the chips. The payoff functions for the parties are productivity and sugar losses during processing. Conclusion. The use of game theory to optimize the productivity of a sugar plant takes into account sugar losses during beet storage, processing sequence, temperature, beet quality, and changes in sugar losses at different plant productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Scan2BIM approaches, i.e. the automated reconstruction of building models from point cloud data, is typically evaluated against the same point clouds which are used as input for the reconstruction process. In doing so, the point clouds are often used as ground truth without considering their own inaccuracies. Thus, in this research, we investigate the manual creation of an accurate ground truth, with a process which takes into account the measurement accuracy as well as the modeling accuracy. Therefore we created a ground truth to an existing laser scan data with a total station, based on the assumption that a total station generally measures points more reliably. In addition, a manual selection and classification of points on the wall surfaces during the measurement, serves a reliable detection of the walls via plane fitting. This allows for the creation of a more reliable ground truth, which is determined by the intersection of the planes from corners and edges. The ground truth is aligned parallel to the axes of a local coordinate system. From MLS and TLS point clouds of the same building area, walls are manually classified and corners and edges are determined in a similar way to the total station. These TLS and MLS corners are registered to this ground truth using least squares optimisation at the vertices. The transformation thus determined is used to transform the laser scanning point clouds as well. The resulting errors in the corners and the whole point cloud are evaluated. We conclude that the standard deviation of wall surfaces alone isn't sufficient to determine the quality of the reconstructed building model. Despite low measurement noise in single wall surfaces, deviations in the reconstructed room model may arise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Online Journal of Art & Design is the property of Online Journal of Art & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)