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Cognitive radio (CR) environment helps in solving the spectrum scarcity by predicting the available channels through the cooperative spectrum sensing. Spectrum sensing is considered to be one of the prime tasks in CR environment and many researchers have contributed for the same. In this paper, a cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) environment for the CR has been developed to determine the channel availability for the communication. Here, a prediction model, named hybrid cooperative spectrum sensing (HKRLS), has been proposed for detecting the channel availability. Initially, a hybrid mixture model is developed by deriving the Eigen statistics of the CR environment and the statistics are provided to the HKRLS predictor. The proposed HKRLS prediction algorithm is an improvement over the kernel recursive least squares (KRLS) as the proposed algorithm contains several kernel functions for the prediction. The proposed HKRLS model is implemented by considering four different channels for the simulation, and evaluated based on metrics, such as probability of detection and probability of the false alarm. The simulation results of the proposed HKRLS scheme is compared with other comparative models, and the results prove that the model achieved improved channel estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causal agent of bacterial blight of rice, employs the transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) to induce the expression of the OsSWEET family of putative sugar transporter genes, which function in conferring disease susceptibility (S) in rice plants. To engineer broad-spectrum bacterial blight resistance, we used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing to disrupt the TALE-binding elements (EBEs) of two S genes, OsSWEET11 and OsSWEET14 , in rice cv. Kitaake, which harbors the recessive resistance allele of Xa25 / OsSWEET13. The engineered rice line MS14K exhibited broad-spectrum resistance to most Xoo strains with a few exceptions, suggesting that the compatible strains may contain new TALEs. We identified two PthXo2-like TALEs, Tal5 LN18 and Tal7 PXO61 , as major virulence factors in the compatible Xoo strains LN18 and PXO61, respectively, and found that Xoo encodes at least five types of PthXo2-like effectors. Given that PthXo2/PthXo2.1 target OsSWEET13 for transcriptional activation, the genomes of 3000 rice varieties were analyzed for EBE variationsin the OsSWEET13 promoter, and 10 Xa25 -like haplotypes were identified. We found that Tal5 LN18 and Tal7 PXO61 bind slightly different EBE sequences in the OsSWEET13 promoter to activate its expression. CRISPR/Cas9 technology was then used to generate InDels in the EBE of the OsSWEET13 promoter in MS14K to creat a new germplasm with three edited OsSWEET EBEs and broad-spectrum resistance against all Xoo strains tested. Collectively, our findings illustrate how to disarm TALE- S co-evolved loci to generate broad-spectrum resistance through the loss of effector-triggered susceptibility in plants. With the discovery of PthXo2-like TALEs in Xoo and 10 EBE PthXo2 alleles of OsSWEET13 in different rice varieties, broad-spectrum bacterial blight resistance was generated by simultaneously disrupting variable TALE-binding elements of three susceptibility genes (OsSWEET11 , OsSWEET13 , and OsSWEET14) in rice. These novel findings provide a new breeding strategy for plant disease resistance through the loss of effector-triggered susceptibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is characterized by an uncomfortable sensation on the legs, which causes the urge to move the legs. The main cause is unknown but there are many risk factors, including geographical properties and high altitude. Our objective was to explore the frequency of RLS in aircrew. METHODS: There were 301 Turkish aircrew who were admitted to Istanbul Medipol University Hospital Neurology Department for periodic examinations and 272 healthy (non-aircrew) subjects included in the study. The International RLS Study Group's Questionnaire and the International RLS Study Group Rating Scale (IRLSSGRS) were used to evaluate RLS. The participants filled the RLS questionnaire and then both groups were divided into two subgroups as having RLS or not. The subjects'years in the profession, average flight duration in a month, daily sleep duration, smoking, and coffee consumption were recorded. None of the subjects had previously been diagnosed with RLS. RESULTS: The frequency of RLS was 6.7% in the aircrew group and 7.9% in the control group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. Age, gender, daily duration of sleep, smoking, coffee consumption, family history of RLS, being a pilot or a flight attendant, years in profession, and monthly flight hours were similar in aircrew with and without RLS. DISCUSSION: The RLS frequency in aircrew was similar to that of the control group. We can conclude flying at high altitude wasn't a risk factor for RLS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent literature, several techniques have been adopted to reject noise from EMG recordings, which is important for using EMG techniques in clinics and research work. In this paper, the least mean square (LMS) and recursive least square (RLS) adaptive algorithms have been proposed to denoise uterine EMG signals taken from the open-source database TPEHG. Simulations were performed in the MATLAB Simulink environment. The obtained results were then compared with the wavelet transform and 0.34–1.0 Hz bandpass filter using signal-to-noise ratio measures. The results showed that the RLS-based algorithm performs the best among the other tested algorithms; the possible use of uterine EMG signals for prognostication of premature vs. term delivery has been taken into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the real-time adaptive noise canceller (ANC) system is implemented using modified sigmoid function variation based recursive least square with variable forgetting factor (MSFRLS-VFF) algorithm. The experiment is performed on DSP TMS320C6713. The performance of MSFRLS-VFF algorithm is evaluated and comparison is made with conventional RLS and affine projection algorithm (APA). In the experimental setup, the different types of noises are artificially added into the clean signals to make the signal noisy at different input SNR levels (− 5 dB to 10 dB). The result shows that MSFRLS-VFF algorithm provides superior performance than RLS and APA algorithm (the best performance achieved for SNR improvement is 2.2 dB over RLS and 2.1 dB over APA at − 5 dB input SNR with filter order 10). Also, the MSFRLS-VFF algorithm provides minimum mean square error than RLS and APA algorithms, however computational complexity of APA algorithm is less as compared to MSFRLS-VFF and RLS algorithms. The output error-free signal obtained after MATLAB simulation and from TMS320C6713 DSP shows the similar result that proves the correctness of the setup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) is lower among children than adults. This could be due to RLS manifestation later in life or false diagnoses in children caused by symptom similarity to other diseases such as attention deficient hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Objective: The aim of this study was to test the reliability and validity of a questionnaire designed to identify RLS-related symptoms in children and adolescents. Materials and methods: The questionnaire was designed for two age groups (6–12 and 13–18 years). It was distributed among 11 pediatric RLS patients and 22 healthy children and adolescents (control group). The control group answered the questionnaire twice (M1, M2; 14-day separation). Reliability was analyzed descriptively and with Spearman correlation coefficients, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and test–retest variability (TRV). An index was calculated by transferring the 12 answers concerning RLS symptoms into a coding system, grading each answer between −2 and 2 and adding the grades to an index value. Low index values hint at the absence of RLS-related symptoms. Student's t‑test was used to test the difference between healthy controls and pediatric patients. Results: In the control group, 84% of answer pairs were identical between M1 and M2. Mean TRV was 8% (range: 2–16%), Spearman correlation coefficient 0.762, and ICC 0.754 (confidence interval: 0.473–0.899). Comparison between controls and pediatric RLS patients showed that RLS patients had significantly higher (p < 0.001) index values (mean ± SD: 18.8 ± 4) compared to controls (mean ± SD: −3.8 ± 7.6). Conclusion: The questionnaire can distinguish between supposedly healthy and RLS-diagnosed children and adolescents in most cases. Nonetheless, the questionnaire cannot be used alone as a diagnostic instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the stochastic Fejér-monotone hybrid steepest descent method (S-FM-HSDM) to solve affinely constrained and composite convex minimization tasks. The minimization task is not known exactly; noise contaminates the information about the composite loss function and the affine constraints. S-FM-HSDM generates sequences of random variables that, under certain conditions and with respect to a probability space, converge point-wise to solutions of the noiseless minimization task. S-FM-HSDM enjoys desirable attributes of optimization techniques such as splitting of variables and constant step size (learning rate). Furthermore, it provides a novel way of exploiting the information about the affine constraints via fixed-point sets of appropriate nonexpansive mappings. Among the offsprings of S-FM-HSDM, the hierarchical recursive least squares (HRLS) takes advantage of S-FM-HSDM's versatility toward affine constraints and offers a novel twist to LS by generating sequences of estimates that converge to solutions of a hierarchical optimization task: minimize a convex loss over the set of minimizers of the ensemble LS loss. Numerical tests on a sparsity-aware LS task show that HRLS compares favorably to several state-of-the-art convex, as well as non-convex, stochastic-approximation, and online-learning counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Restless legs syndrome is a movement sleep disorder that may be linked to dopaminergic dysfunction and in which vitamin D may play a role. This 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled trial elucidated the efficacy of vitamin D supplements in decreasing restless legs syndrome symptom severity. Methods: Thirty-five subjects with restless legs syndrome, diagnosed using the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group criteria, were enrolled. The subjects were randomized to orally receive either vitamin D (50,000 IU caplets) or a placebo. All medications were administered weekly using a direct observation technique. Clinical assessments, including those for restless legs syndrome severity, were conducted at baseline and the end of the study using the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale. The serum vitamin D levels and bone profiles were measured at baseline and every 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change in the restless legs syndrome severity score from baseline to week 12. There were 17 and 18 patients in the vitamin D and placebo groups, respectively. Results: The groups did not differ with respect to age, sex, restless legs syndrome severity, or vitamin D levels. Participants in the vitamin D group showed no significant change in the mean restless legs syndrome severity score compared with the placebo group. Conclusions: The results suggest that vitamin D supplementation does not improve restless legs syndrome symptoms. Clinical trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02256215 (available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02256215). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of noise cancellation in communication systems based on adaptive filter algorithms is presented. The modifying of signal characteristics in noise cancellation is relatively fast which involves the utilization of adaptive algorithms for quick coverage. The LMS and RLS algorithms play a vital role in noise cancellation to increase the convergence rate. Current communication applications require reducing the computational complexity in real-time implementation. The category of adaptive filters is automatically changing the parameters of its algorithms according to the input signal. Many adaptive filters are digitally executed to update the algorithm parameters. The original applications of an adaptive filter in numerous fields including system recognition and noise cancellation can be modeled by MATLAB simulator. The input signal of an adaptive filter is with the mixed algorithms and noise signal in the specific design of MATLAB to remove the noise from the original data and produce reliable data at the output port. The filter implementation shows the strength of the suggested structure and the capabilities of the proposed algorithms have been investigated and analyzed. The performance of the filter is promising to support the current and future communication systems in terms of noise cancellation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ulrike H Mitchell Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA Abstract: Restless Legs Syndrome or Willis–Ekbom Disease, a neurosensory disorder, can be treated with pharmaceuticals or conservatively. This review focuses on conservative treatments, more specifically on treatments with medical devices. Two modes of action, enhancement of circulation and counter stimulation, are introduced. Medical devices that use enhancement of circulation as their mechanism of action are whole body vibration, pneumatic compression, and near-infrared light. Medical devices that use counter stimulation include transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and the vibration Relaxis pad. The clinical utility of the Relaxis pad and its place in therapy is proposed. Keywords: whole body vibration, pneumatic compression, near-infrared light, conservative treatment, RLS/WED

Background: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the cornerstone of modern medical research, and their reporting may not always be optimal. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement is an evidence-based means to improve the quality of RCTs' reporting by providing a checklist of recommended items. The aim of this study was to assess the reporting quality of published RCTs on the restless legs syndrome (RLS), based on a checklist arising from the CONSORT statement. Methods: Medical electronic databases were searched for RCTs involving patients with RLS. Inclusion criteria were follows: articles must have been published in English and RLS patients must have been randomized into a minimum of two treatment cohorts of different medicinal orientations. CONSORT-recommended items were marked as "reported" or "not reported," and an overall CONSORT compliance metric was calculated. Comparisons among different time periods, CONSORT-endorsing and non-endorsing, and different levels of impact factor journals were made. Results: Fifty-four eligible trials, published in 21 different scientific journals, were found. The average CONSORT compliance score was 56.6% (23.68-84.21%). CONSORT-endorsing journals had a mean CONSORT compliance of 58.47%, whereas non-endorsing journals had a mean CONSORT compliance of 50.4%. The median CONSORT compliance for articles published in low- (IF<2), medium- (IF 2-7), and high-ranked (IF>7) journals was 52.63, 56.57, and 59.21%, respectively. Only 14 of the 38 CONSORT items (36.8%) were reported in >75% of the articles. Discussion: This study shows that the reporting of RLS-related RCTs is suboptimal, regardless of the time period, the quality of the publishing journal, and the endorsing or non-endorsing of the CONSORT statement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately 18 percent of the 3.2 million smartphone applications rely on integrated graphics processing units (GPUs) to achieve competitive performance. Graphics performance, typically measured in frames per second, is a strong function of the GPU frequency, which in turn has a significant impact on mobile processor power consumption. Consequently, dynamic power management algorithms have to assess the performance sensitivity to the frequency accurately to choose the operating frequency of the GPU effectively. Since the impact of GPU frequency on performance varies rapidly over time, there is a need for online performance models that can adapt to varying workloads. This paper presents a light-weight adaptive runtime performance model that predicts the frame processing time of graphics workloads at runtime without apriori characterization. We employ this model to estimate the frame time sensitivity to the GPU frequency, i.e., the partial derivative of the frame time with respect to the GPU frequency. The proposed model does not rely on any parameter learned offline. Our experiments on commercial platforms with common GPU benchmarks show that the mean absolute percentage error in frame time and frame time sensitivity prediction are 4.2 and 6.7 percent, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy & Power / Reneng Dongli Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy & Power and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Advanced Communication Systems are wideband systems to support multiple applications such as audio, video and data so and so forth. These systems require high spectral efficiency and data rates. In addition, they should provide multipath fading and inter-symbol interference (ISI) free transmission. Multiple input multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO OFDM) meets these requirements Hence, MIMOOFDM is the most preferable technique for long term evaluation advanced (LTE-A). The primary objective of this paper is to control bit error rate (BER) by proper channel coding, pilot carriers, adaptive filter channel estimation schemes and space time coding (STC). A combination of any of these schemes results in better BER performance over individual schemes. System performance is analyzed for various digital modulation schemes. In this paper, adaptive filter channel estimated MIMO OFDM system is proposed by integrating channel coding, adaptive filter channel estimation, digital modulation and space time coding. From the simulation results, channel estimated 2×2 MIMO OFDM system shows superior performance over individual schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson disease is a common, age-related neurodegenerative disorder, projected to afflict millions of individuals in the near future. Understanding its etiology and identifying clinical, genetic or biological markers for Parkinson disease onset and progression is therefore of major importance. Various sleep-related disorders are the most common group of non-motor symptoms in advanced Parkinson disease, but they can also occur during its prodromal phase. However, with the exception of REM sleep behavior disorder, it is unclear whether they are part of the early pathological process of Parkinson disease, or if they develop as Parkinson disease advances because of treatments and neurodegeneration progression. The advancements in genetic studies in the past two decades have generated a wealth of information, and recent genetic studies offer new insight on the association of sleep-related disorders with Parkinson disease. More specifically, comparing genetic data between Parkinson disease and sleep-related disorders can clarify their association, which may assist in determining whether they can serve as clinical markers for Parkinson disease risk or progression. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the genetics of sleep-related disorders in Parkinson disease context, and the potential implications on research, diagnosis, counseling and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Given the limited data on autonomic dysfunction in patients with primary restless legs syndrome (pRLS), we compared autonomic dysfunction and presence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) between patients with pRLS and control patients.Methods: Consecutive adult drug-naïve patients with pRLS, and age- and gender-matched healthy control patients were enrolled in this study. Diagnoses, based on validated self-reported questionnaires, were made using the following guidelines: Rome III classification system for functional gastrointestinal disorders for IBS; Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for the presence of anxiety and depression, respectively; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for severity of sleep disturbances; and Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's disease-Autonomic (SCOPA-AUT) for autonomic dysfunction.Results: There were 88 patients with pRLS (18 male, 70 female) and 128 control patients (40 men, 88 women). The mean age of the pRLS patients and control patients was 50.3 ± 9.3 years and 49.7 ± 8.2 years, respectively. Overall, 41 (46.6%) of the patients with pRLS and 16 (12.5%) of the control patients had IBS. Among patients with pRLS, IBS was significantly more common and the total autonomic SCOPA-AUT scores were higher than those found among control patients. Among pRLS patients with IBS, total autonomic SCOPA-AUT, PSQI, BAI and BDI scores were significantly higher than among pRLS patients without IBS. The presence of IBS did not affect the severity of restless legs syndrome.Conclusion: The presence of autonomic nervous system impairment in patients with pRLS and the strong link between IBS and pRLS merit further, more extensive investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We assessed corticomotor excitability in the primary motor cortex (M1) of participants with moderate-to-severe restless legs syndrome (RLS) symptoms using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in relation to the clinical and sleep aspects of the disease. Thirty-five participants (20 F; mean age: 59.23 ± 1.66 years; range: 42-78 years) affected by primary RLS (off medications) and 31 age-matched controls (19 F; mean age: 57.90 ± 1.50 years; range: 43-79 years) underwent TMS following two nights of polysomnography (PSG). Paired-pulse TMS measures [short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI), and intracortical facilitation (ICF)] of the dominant M1hand and M1leg muscles were collected and analyzed in relation to clinical features of RLS and PSG. We found decreased corticomotor excitability in M1hand, whereas it was increased in M1leg, which was greater in patients with more severe RLS. Participants with RLS with a history of dopamine-agonist-induced symptom augmentation showed decreased LICI (reduced inhibition) compared to nonaugmented participants with RLS for M1leg. None of the TMS measures (M1hand or M1leg) correlated with the PSG parameters. This study shows hyperexcitability in M1leg, and this appears related to RLS disease severity and decreased excitability in M1hand. The results provide new insight into the complex neurobiology of RLS, particularly in more advanced stages of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy & Power / Reneng Dongli Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy & Power and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article presents an adaptive technique to tune controller gains for the motion synchronization of two gimbal systems by using a recursive least square method in the real-time fashion. In the master-slave configuration, the slave gimbal system follows the master’s motion while the master tracks the reference. In order for the slave gimbal system to synchronize with the motion of the master gimbal system, the dynamic difference between two systems is compensated by the controller gains. The controller gains of the slave are adaptively adjusted by the recursive least square method to cope with the deviation. The performances of three control schemes such as an independent PD control, a dependent torque control, and an RLS torque control scheme are evaluated by the experimental studies for the low cost gimbal systems. Experimental studies confirm that the RLS-based adaptive scheme actually outperforms by adjusting controller gains for the motion synchronization of the master and slave configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The hubs of the brain network play a key role in integrating and transferring information between different functional modules. However, whether the changed pattern in functional network hubs contributes to the onset of leg discomfort symptoms in restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients remains unclear. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and graph theory methods, we investigated whether alterations of hubs can be detected in RLS.Methods: First, we constructed the whole-brain voxelwise functional connectivity and calculated a functional connectivity strength (FCS) map in each of 16 drug-naive idiopathic RLS patients and 26 gender- and age-matched healthy control (HC) subjects. Next, a two-sample t test was applied to compare the FCS maps between HC and RLS patients, and to identify significant changes in FCS in RLS patients. To further elucidate the corresponding changes in the functional connectivity patterns of the aberrant hubs in RLS patients, whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity analyses for the hub areas were performed.Results: The hub analysis revealed decreased FCS in the cuneus, fusiform gyrus, paracentral lobe, and precuneus, and increased FCS in the superior frontal gyrus and thalamus in idiopathic drug-naive RLS patients. Subsequent functional connectivity analyses revealed decreased functional connectivity in sensorimotor and visual processing networks and increased functional connectivity in the affective cognitive network and cerebellar-thalamic circuit. Furthermore, the mean FCS value in the superior frontal gyrus was significantly correlated with Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale scores in RLS patients, and the mean FCS value in the fusiform gyrus was significantly correlated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores.Conclusions: These findings may provide novel insight into the pathophysiology of RLS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction between lomefloxacin (LMF) and a ctDNA-H 1 complex was investigated by various spectroscopies, as well as viscometry and molecular modeling techniques. The RLS results pointed at different intensities of the ctDNA, H 1 and ctDNA-H 1 complex systems in the presence of LMF. The fluorescence intensity measurements of the ctDNA, H 1 and ctDNA-H 1 complex in the presence of LMF as binary and ternary systems at three temperatures exhibited regular quenching of the fluorescence emission curves signifying a static behavior of the binary and ternary systems. Stern-Volmer constant values of ctDNA-LMF complex formation were 7.94 × 10 7 , 4.94 × 10 7 and 3.54 × 10 7 M −1 at 298, 303 and 308 K respectively. In the presence of H1, the Stern-Volmer constant values had been changed to 1.41 × 10 8 , 0.84 × 10 8 and 0.21 × 10 8 M −1 at 298, 303 and 308 K respectively. The Stern-Volmer constant values of binary and ternary systems clearly revealed static quenching behavior of ctDNA upon interaction with LMF in absence and presence of H1. Thermodynamic parameters obtained from Van't Hoff plots revealed the different essence of interaction between LMF with ctDNA, H 1 and ctDNA complex systems. The interaction between LMF with ctDNA and the ctDNA-H 1 complex in the presence of ethidium bromide (EB) and acridine orange (AO) as intercalator probes showed that a competitive ness occurred between EB and AO with LMF, indicating that the LMF bound to ctDNA as an intercalator. Circular dichroism (CD) curves in far UV-CD were used to determine the enhancement of ellipticity in ctDNA upon interaction with LMF in the absence and presence of H 1 . The specific viscosity of ctDNA in the absence and presence of H 1 increased with an enhancement of the LMF concentration which was another reason for LMF binding to ctDNA as an intercalator. Molecular modeling data confirmed the experimental results pertaining to the interaction behavior in the ctDNA-LMF complex in the absence and presence of H 1 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have shown that women have less access or longer waiting times to high-tech medicine compared with men. This study aimed to detect possible gender differences in access to the diagnostic high-tech method of polysomnography (PSG). Furthermore, the study explored gender differences in prevalence of specific sleep diseases. Materials and Methods: Source data of n = 1000 patients, who underwent PSG at the Medical University of Innsbruck, were reviewed. Clinical data regarding time elapsed between symptom onset and PSG as well as final diagnoses were analyzed for gender differences. Results: Six hundred sixty-nine men and 331 women were examined with PSG. There were no gender differences in access to PSG after first presentation to the sleep laboratory. Significantly more men than women (13.3 vs. 6.9%) were referred to medical examination because of abnormal observations by their bed partner. In men we found more sleep-related breathing disorders and fragmentary myoclonus, whereas in women insomnia was more common. Sleep-related breathing disorders showed a more severe manifestation in men, however, there was no difference in treatment with continuous positive airway pressure/biphasic positive airway pressure therapy between male and female patients. Conclusion: Twice as many men than women received a PSG. This is explained by the referral rates to the sleep laboratory. While there are well-established gender differences for some sleep disorders, the fact that twice as many men than women were referred to the sleep laboratory could indicate a lower awareness for sleep disorders in women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To cope with the interference problem in three-cell wireless relay systems, this paper proposes two schemes that perform interference suppression and multiuser detection. The proposed schemes do not require channel state information (CSI) feedback, and their computational complexity is much less than that of the maximum likelihood detection (MLD), which is considered in the optimal detection scheme. Of the two proposed schemes, the minimum mean-square error (MMSE)-based scheme estimates the weight coefficients for the interference suppression under the MMSE criterion. The other proposed scheme, the recursive least squares (RLS)-based scheme, directly estimates the weight coefficients using the RLS algorithm. The RLS-based scheme only requires two preamble sequences, whereas both the MMSE-based schemes and the MLD require the knowledge of all the three preamble sequences. Therefore, the RLS-based scheme can be considered more feasible. Moreover, computer simulations results and theoretical average bit error rate (BER) upper bounds of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing transmission under three-cell and frequency-selective fading conditions were provided. It was observed that simulation results are consistent with theoretical upper bounds and that the RLS-based scheme achieves a BER performance that is identical to that of the MMSE-based scheme with perfect CSI while requiring much less computational complexity than the MLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of incorrectly decode the ADS-B signal and the missing aircraft information caused by overlap and interference, in the information transmission process of 1090ES ADS-B signal, a multi overlapping 1090ES ADS-B signal separation algorithm based on RLS algorithm is proposed. After a comprehensive analysis of the ADS-B signal to a plurality of base stations, the algorithm applies RLS blind source separation and recovers the source signals of ADS-B, thereby improving signal decoding accuracy and the dynamic performance monitoring for aircraft. The paper has verified the signal separation, including signals based on two level overlapped and three level overlapped and signals with noise, and verified the feasibility of RLS algorithm in ADS-B signal separation by MATLAB simulation test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Equalization is a most widely used optimization scheme to reduce inter-symbol interference (ISI).Intersymbol interfering environment is a case of misrepresentation of the sent signal at the receiver. Different symbols can hinder with one another which results innoise and less relevant, reliable signal. Multipath propagation means a wireless signal from a spreader reaches the receiver through numerous paths. If inter symbol interfering occurs within an arrangement, it must be reduced to the most minimal quantity conceivable. The inter symbol interference is reduced through the use of adaptive algorithms; LMS (Least Mean Square Error) and RLS (Recursive Least Square) equalization procedures being the most prominent ones. In this work, a joint adaptive algorithm is proposed and simulated. A novel method involving both LMS and RLS is used for suppression of Inter symbol interference. The LMS has the benefit of a fast convergence rate but has a significant value of mean square error (MSE). However, the RLS complements it with low value of MSE and a slow convergence rate . Thus, a joint RLS and LMS is proposed The proposed method results in improved BER performance, lesser mean square error and a faster convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The universality of underdetermined systems has nurtured a variety of novel compressed sensing (CS) algorithms that ingeniously exploit data sparsity. Whereas well-studied greedy and iterative threshold-based CS recursions take the form of an adaptive filter followed by a proximal operator, this is no different in spirit from the role of block iterative equalizers, where structure is roughly exploited by the signal constellation slicer. By capitalizing on the intrinsic sparsity of signal modulations, we approach the concept of interblock interference (IBI) more proficiently in light of CS concepts, where the optimal feedback of detected symbols is devised adaptively. This should be contrasted with standard forms of IBI estimation/cancellation commonly seen in blockDFEs, where detection is restricted to a contiguous set of entries within the transmitted vector. A significant consequence of the latter is that, while block transceivers commonly employ some form of redundancy that accounts for IBI, a CS algorithm applied to the same transmitted vector may require no redundancy whatsoever, and is capable of retrieving both target symbol and IBI altogether. The CS-based iterative DFE acts as a more efficient re-estimation procedure, proposed under recursive-least-squares based adaptations. Besides maximizing system throughput, the new algorithms exhibit significantly higher performance when compared to existingmethods that focus solely on minimized redundancy. Simulations in several scenarios illustrate the merits of the unified approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics is the property of Piezoelectric & Acoustooptic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, we have experimentally demonstrated faster-than-Nyquist carrierless amplitude and phase modulation quadrature phase-shift keying visible light communication system over 1.5-m free space transmission. Weighted look-up table is used to mitigate nonlinear impairment caused by amplifiers and electro-optical components. At the receiver side, recursive least square is employed to improve the decision precision. By combining these techniques, a data rate of 1.01 Gb/s is experimentally achieved with a bit error rate less than 7% forward error correction limit of 3.8 × 10−3. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that weighted look-up table is proposed and used in visible light communication system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Signal de-noising has been sparked and given a great attention by signal processing community since its applications are found in a diverse range of digital signal processing and computer vision problems. To improve signal quality, phase, frequency and power are the important features that should be preserved during the de-noising process. Adaptive filters have been widely used for this purpose due to their ability to cancel out noise signal from the corrupted one precisely. This paper presents a robust adaptive estimator for solving the problem of signal noise cancellation, based on a new adaptive algorithm derived from a new constrained optimization. Simulation results evaluated using MATLAB show that the proposed algorithm is appropriate for several forms of signals contaminated by diverse levels of noise power. The performance of the proposed algorithm is illustrated to be preferable in terms of the power signal to noise ratio, mean square error and time of speed convergence of filter parameters. It is compared to other conventional approaches such as least mean square and normalized least mean square algorithms with various values of white noise power, variance. It exhibits lower steady-state error and faster convergent time than the other implementations. Finally, an efficient performance is achieved comparable with recursive least square and affine projection algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insomnia and excessive sleepiness are among the most commonly reported sleep problems related to shift work. Sleep-related movement disorders have, however, received far less attention in relation to such work schedules. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between different shift work schedules and the prevalence of Restless legs syndrome/Willis–Ekbom disease (RLS/WED) in a large sample of Norwegian nurses. Our hypothesis was that shift working nurses would report higher prevalence of RLS/WED compared to day workers. A total of 1,788 nurses with different work schedules (day work, two-shift rotation, night work, three shift rotation) participated in a cohort study, started in 2008/2009. Four questions about RLS/WED based on the diagnostic criteria were included in wave 4 (2012). RLS/WED prevalence rates across different shift schedules were explored by the Pearson chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between RLS/WED and work schedules and shift work disorder (SWD) with adjustment for sex, age, marital status, smoking, and caffeine use. In total, 90.0% of the nurses were females, mean age 36.5 years (SD = 8.6, range 25–67). The overall prevalence of RLS/WED was 26.8%. We found no significant differences between the prevalence of RLS/WED across the different shift schedules, ranging from 23.3% (day work) to 29.4% (night work). There was a significant difference (p

In this paper, aiming to estimate force/torque information from brain activity to help and support the daily lives of human beings, we estimate the human muscular activity from EEG (Electroencephalogram) by PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and RLS (Recursive Least Squares). EEG and EMG (Electromyogram) are measured when a subject is flexing and extending his arm, and their linear model is established by PCA. Then, this linear model between EEG and EMG is updated by the angle, the angular velocity and the angular acceleration of the robot arm. Finally, EMG is estimated from EEG using the updated model. The results show that the estimation of EMG from EEG is possible, and using EEG support human's activities has a great potential.