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Purpose: In hydrocephalic children, regular investigations of the ventricles are important for initial diagnosis and after initial treatment. Our recent study showed that changes of the third ventricle diameter (TVD) reliably reflect changes of the entire ventricular system at diagnosis and following initial therapy. This study compares changes of TVD with changes of ventricle indices at acute shunt failure and after shunt revision in hydrocephalic children. Methods: A total of 117 children with hydrocephalus were included in this study. MRI/CT images of 30 children were evaluated at the time of acute shunt dysfunction and after subsequent shunt revision. Measurements included axial TVD and three standard measures of lateral ventricles (Evans index, frontal occipital horn ratio (FOHR), and cella media index (CMI)). In 97 children, correlation between axial and coronal/diagonal TVD was evaluated at the time of initial diagnosis of hydrocephalus. Results: At acute shunt dysfunction, the best linear correlation was found between TVD and CMI (r = 0.702, p < 0.01). Changes of TVD correlated very well to changes of FOHR (r = 0.74, p < 0.01) after shunt revision. The correlation between axial and coronal/diagonal TVD was outstanding (r = 0.995, p < 0.01). Conclusion: TVD showed a significant correlation with all lateral ventricle indices at acute shunt dysfunction and after shunt revision. It is therefore not only an excellent mirror of ventricular changes at initial hydrocephalus diagnosis and therapy, but it can also reliably reflect changes of the ventricular system in relevant clinical situations associated with the lifelong treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Over the last years, the design of implants, the surgical approaches, and diagnostic tools changed in primary and revision of total hip arthroplasty. A knowledge of the different causes for revision after total hip arthroplasty is essential to avoid complications and failures. The purpose of this study was to determine trends of the etiology of implant failures over the last years by analyzing indications of revision hip arthroplasty.Methods: All the patients who performed revision hip arthroplasties in our institution between 2001 and 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. Patient demographics, the indication for revision surgery as well as the procedure were assessed. Descriptive statistical analyses and association analyses were performed.Results: Within our collective of 3450 revision hip arthroplasties, a total of 20 different indications were identified and categorized. Overall, 80.8% of the revisions were categorized as aseptic, 19.2% as septic implant failures. Some recently debated diagnoses like low-grade infection showed a high increase in incidence, whereas classic failure mechanisms like polyethylene wear showed a decrease over the time. In addition, the data revealed that cup loosening caused more revision surgeries than stem loosening.Conclusion: This study successfully updated the current knowledge of different failure mechanisms in revision hip arthroplasties. The data proved that cup loosening was the most common failure mechanism in older patients, while in young patients, septic complications showed a high incidence. Probably, due to improved diagnostic tools, the percentage of infection in revision hip arthroplasty increased over the years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many surgeons are reluctant to use a constrained liner at the time of acetabular component revision because of concerns that doing so might result in early acetabular component loosening related to high bone-implant interface stresses transmitted from the constrained liner. We hypothesized that, with appropriate initial implant stabilization using highly porous acetabular components with robust supplemental screw fixation, constrained liners could be safely used at the time of acetabular revision.Methods: We retrospectively identified 148 revision total hip arthroplasties (THAs) in which a constrained liner of 1 design was cemented into a newly placed highly porous acetabular component fixed with supplemental screws (mean, 5 screws). The mean age at the time of revision THA was 69 years, and 68% of the patients were female. The most common indications for revision were 2-stage reimplantation (33%), recurrent dislocation (30%), and aseptic loosening of the acetabular component (22%) or both the acetabular and femoral components (9%). The mean duration of follow-up was 7 years.Results: There were no failures at the bone-implant interface. No cases of acetabular metal shell loosening were identified on radiographic analysis. The 10-year survival rates with acetabular revision and any reoperation as the end points were 75% and 67%, respectively. Overall, 33 hips (22%) required revision or reoperation because of infection or wound complications (n = 12), dislocation or mechanical failure of the constrained liner (n = 11), periprosthetic femoral fracture (n = 4), femoral loosening (n = 3), or other reasons (n = 3). The 10-year survival rate with re-revision for instability as the end point was 88% overall, which was similar to the 85% 10-year survival rate with re-revision for instability as the end point among hips that were specifically revised because of instability during index revision THA (p = 0.9).Conclusions: Implanting a constrained liner at the time of acetabular revision in high-risk patients resulted in no cases of aseptic metal acetabular component loosening in this large series. This finding is likely related to the fact that a highly porous acetabular component was utilized with robust supplemental screw fixation in each case. Such information is valuable as these data favor a paradigm shift when compared with some traditionally held tenets.Level Of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The species of the Parmelia saxatilis complex occurring in the Iberian Peninsula were revised. Eight species are accepted, including a new species found in southern Spain, described as P. rojoi A. Crespo, V. J. Rico & Divakar. The new species, which forms a sister-group relationship with P. saxatilis s. str., is rare in the Iberian Peninsula and is restricted to higher altitudes of northern and central Spain. Parmelia rojoi differs from P. saxatilis by generally narrower isidia and a more fragile thallus. The segregation of the new species is also supported by ITS (rDNA) and Mcm7 (MS456) phylogeny and multispecies coalescent-based approaches, including StarBEAST and BP&P. Furthermore, the divergence of P. rojoi is dated back to the Pleistocene, c. 2.13 Ma. A key to the identification of species from the P. saxatilis complex with their diagnostic features is provided. All species of the complex known from Europe are also found in the Iberian Peninsula. We hypothesize that P. rojoi is a relict species that survived the Pleistocene glaciations in refugia in Spain and has been unable to extend its distributional range in postglacial periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Andean genus Xenophyllum (Compositae, Senecioneae) is distributed along the high-Andes from northeastern Colombia to northern Chile and northwestern Argentina, mainly thriving in the paramo and puna ecoregions. It comprises suffruticose plants forming dense mats, hummocks, or clumps of erect stems. They are characterized by displaying involucral bracts fused at the base, supplementary bracts absent, and mostly radiate capitula with white ray corollas, seldom yellow or pink (disciform in one species). Traditionally, Xenophyllum species were treated as members of the genus Werneria, a morphologically close genus that includes rosettiform or scapiform perennial herbs. As currently circumscribed, Xenophyllum mostly differs from Werneria in having elongate stems. Herein, the first modern and comprehensive revision of the genus recognizing twenty-two species and two subspecies is presented. Werneria decumbens is synonymized with X. weddellii, as well as X. fontii with X. humile and X. oscartovarii with X. dactylophyllum. Likewise, four varietal names and two sectional names are proposed as new synonyms. Seven names are lectotypified, the name X. sotarense is epitypified, W. decumbens neotypified, and the supraspecific name W. sect. Integrifoliae Rockh. is typified. The combination X. crassum subsp. orientale comb. nov. is made. Descriptions and distribution maps are provided for all accepted species, in addition to an identification key. Ten species are illustrated, three of them for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malcolm X delivered 2 speeches less than a month apart in the spring of 1964, directly after his break from the nation of Islam. In these talks, Malcolm tied American law to injustice, highlighting the legal deceptions that often prevent full freedom for African Americans. His call demanded that audiences real and imagined see the law for what it was while warning of a new level of racial strife if white trickery persisted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Gutierrezia is an American genus of Asteraceae, tribe Astereae, subtribe Solidagininae. A taxonomic revision of South American species of the genus was carried out, based on morphological data. M&M: To pursue our aim, an exhaustive bibliographic review was carried out, materials deposited in the main Herbaria were studied, the type specimens were consulted for nomenclatural purposes and collection trips were made. Results: In the framework of the revision of the genus Gutierrezia, 3 species and 2 varieties new to the science were described and 2 species were rehabilitated. Eight names were lectotypified and one neotype was designated. We concluded that genus Gutierrezia is composed of 34 species, 17 of which inhabit North America, and 17 species with 2 varieties, here described, in South America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most widely used communication tools in evaluation is the logic model. Despite its extensive use, there has been little research into the visualization aspect of the logic model. To assess the impact that design modifications would have on its effectiveness, we applied established visualization principles to revise a program model. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the six conditions to examine the effectiveness (i.e., visual efficiency, comprised of accuracy, response time, and mental effort; credibility; aesthetics) of variations to a logic model. The results demonstrated that the revisions to the model increased accuracy, perceived message credibility, and were considered more aesthetically pleasing; furthermore, revisions decreased mental effort and reduced the amount of time taken to review the model. Together, the findings from the study support the claim that visual efficiency can be improved by modifying a logic model's formatting and design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper challenges the mainstream view of potential output and enquires into the supposed effects of Great Recession on potential growth. We identify in the demand-led growth perspective a more promising theoretical framework both to define the notion of potential output and to gauge the long-term effects of a demand slow down. In view of the poor reliability of standard estimates of potential output, we also propose an alternative calculation. This is based on an update of Arthur M. Okun's original method for potential output estimation, which, differently from the estimation methods currently in use, does not rely on the notion of NAIRU, thus being immune to its theoretical and empirical shortcomings. Our calculation, based on a re-estimation of Okun's Law on US quarterly data, shows both how far an economy generally operates from its production possibilities, and how much potential growth is affected by the actual growth of demand over time. These wide margins for expansion of actual and potential output growth imply that a determined policy of demand expansion would create, given time, the very capacity that justifies it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Across three experiments, we sought to determine the effects of positive and negative emotional content in refutation texts on misconceptions about vaccines. The addition of negative emotional content to texts that identify, refute, and explain vaccine misconceptions improved knowledge revision observed during reading (Experiment 1). However, the addition of positive emotional content to refutation texts weakened this effect (Experiment 2). A direct comparison between negative and positive emotional content provided corroborating evidence for these findings (Experiment 3). Across experiments, results show that all refutation texts (with or without positive or negative emotional content) improved learning assessed after reading. These findings show the differential effects of emotional content on processing misconceptions about an important socio-scientific topic and provide consistent support for refutation texts as a potentially useful tool in these corrective efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Paraphiomys ' simonsi is a phiomorph rodent from the early Oligocene of Egypt (~29–30 Mya) that has historically been aligned with much younger (< ~20 Mya) Miocene species of the genera Paraphiomys and Neosciuromys. Here, we use Bayesian tip-dating analysis of a 109-character morphological matrix containing 57 living and extinct ctenohystricans to test these proposed placements for ' Paraphiomys ' simonsi. Our analyses provide support for the exclusion of ' Paraphiomys ' simonsi from both Paraphiomys and Neosciuromys and justify the establishment of a new genus (Monamys gen. nov.) for this stem thryonomyoid. These analyses also indicate that the divergence of the extant dassie rat Petromus from the extant cane rat Thryonomys (i.e. origin of crown Thryonomyoidea) occurred ~23.7 Mya, close to the Oligocene–Miocene boundary and in close agreement with recent molecular estimates for this split. Miocene Neosciuromys , Paraulacodus , Protohummus and the type species of Paraphiomys are identified as stem thryonomyids, whereas the Namibian species Apodecter stromeri , Tufamys woodi , ' Paraphiomys ' australis and ' Paraphiomys ' roessneri are identified for the first time as stem petromurids, raising the possibility of a long period of endemic petromurid evolution in south-west Africa. Comparison of molecular divergence estimates with our optimal tip-dated topology suggests that stem bathyergoids are most likely to have arisen from late Eocene and early Oligocene 'phiomyids'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudothilmanus Pic, 1918 is a genus of beetles currently placed in Rhagophthalmidae. The species P. alatus Pic, 1918 and P. marginatus Pic, 1918 were described based on single holotypes from India with little descriptive information. Later, in a revision of the genus, a new specimen of P. alatus was examined, but also without specific locality. This paper provides the description of the wing venation and new distributional records for this genus, including the first record in Nepal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The B. talpa species complex includes 8 valid species and 4 synonyms, including: Bothroponera cribrata, B. fugax, B. pachyderma (= B. pachyderma var. attenatasyn. nov., = B. pachyderma var. postsquamosasyn. nov., = B. pachyderma var. funereasyn. nov.), B. rubescens, B. sanguinea, B. sculpturata (= B. mlanjiensissyn. nov.), B. talpa (= Psalidomyrmyx clavicornis) and B. zumpti. These species share similar characters such as the shape of the clypeus, the relative length of the antennal scape, mandibular shape and sculpture. The anterior medial margin of the clypeus is convex or straight with a slightly concave anterior border. The scape does not reach or barely reaches the posterior lateral corner of the head. The mandibles are triangular with striae and 6–7 teeth. There is no metatibial gland on the distal anterior surface of the posterior tibia. Diagnoses, descriptions, comparisons, illustrations, distributions, photographs and other ecological and biological information are provided. A taxonomic key is provided for the worker caste. Key words: Afrotropical, ants, Formicidae, biodiversity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior to his death in 2018, Marc Matre, Archivist and the longest serving Secretary-Treasurer of the Mid-South Sociological Association (MSSA), submitted a paper to the journal on the history of the MSSA. Reviewers wanted revisions that Marc was unable to complete because of his infirmity, and his last professional wish was that the journal and members of the association finish the work he had started. The following is that revision. It is the combined work of many who contributed to the project as noted in the acknowledgments. Biographical information about Marc follows the list of the principal founders of the association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A combined molecular phylogenetic and morphological analysis revealed four species in the genus Tomentypnum. In addition to the commonly accepted widespread T. nitens and North American T. falcifolium, a strong genetic isolation is shown for two taxa. Tomentypnum involutum is elevated from variety to species status; it is widely distributed in permafrost areas in Siberia, the islands of the Arctic Ocean, high mountains in Scandinavia, and is known from the Rocky Mountains of Canada and from Greenland. Tomentypnum vittii is described as a new species for eastern Asia and Siberia, in China and Russia previously referred to T. falcifolium. Descriptions, illustrations, a key for identification, and a map for the Eurasian distributions are provided. Tomentypnum nitens is represented by four groups of haplotypes, which lack morphological distinction, and are therefore referred to one species. However, the distributions of the haplotype groups are revealing; some are more confined to mires rich in relic species composition, whereas others are more widely distributed and partly seem to occur in recently recolonized sites. Different distribution patterns in densely sampled Sweden suggest different glacial and postglacial histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Accurate quantification of bone loss facilitates preoperative planning and standardization for research purposes in patients who undergo revision TKA. The most commonly used classification to rate bone defects in this setting, the Anderson Orthopaedic Research Institute classification, does not quantify diaphyseal bone loss and reliability has not been well studied.Questions/purposes: We developed a new classification scheme to rate bone defects in patients undergoing revision TKA and tested (1) the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of this classification for revision TKA based on preoperative radiographs, and (2) whether additional CT images might improve interobserver reliability.Methods: This was a preregistered observational study. Interobserver reliability was analyzed using preoperative radiographs of 61 patients who underwent (repeat) revision TKA, and their bone defects were rated by five experienced orthopaedic surgeons. For intraobserver reliability, ratings were repeated at least 2 weeks after the first rating (Timepoints 1 and 2). Directly after the radiographic assessments of Timepoint 2, the observers were provided with CT images of each patient and asked to rate the bone defects for a third time (Timepoint 3), to assess the additional value of CT. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability were tested using Gwet's agreement coefficient 2, which is a measure of agreement between observers in categorical data. Substantial agreement was defined as coefficients between 0.61 to 0.8 and almost perfect agreement as > 0.8.Results: The intraobserver reliability varied between 0.55 (95% CI 0.40 to 0.71) and 0.87 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.96) in the epiphysis, between 0.69 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.80) and 0.98 (95% CI 0.95 to 1) in the metaphysis, and between 0.95 (95% CI 0.90 to 0.99) and 0.99 (95% CI 0.98 to 1) in the diaphysis. The interobserver reliability varied between 0.48 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.57) and 0.49 (95% CI 0.42 to 0.56) in the epiphysis and between 0.81 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.87) and 0.88 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.93) in the metaphysis, and was 0.96 (95% CI 0.93 to 0.99) in the diaphysis at Timepoint 1. The interobserver reliability at Timepoint 2 was similar to that of Timepoint 1. The addition of CT images did not improve reliability (Timepoint 3).Conclusions: The bone defect classification was less reliable in the epiphyseal area compared with the metaphysis and diaphysis. This finding may be explained by prosthetic components obscuring this region or the more severe bone defects in this region. The addition of CT scans did not improve reliability. Further testing of reliability with observers from other institutions is necessary, as well as validity testing, by testing the classification in relation to intraoperative findings.Level Of Evidence: Level III, diagnostic study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Revision TKA is a serious adverse event with substantial consequences for the patient. As the demand for TKA rises, reducing the risk of revision TKA is becoming increasingly important. Predictive tools based on machine-learning algorithms could reform clinical practice. Few attempts have been made to combine machine-learning algorithms with data from nationwide arthroplasty registries and, to the authors' knowledge, none have tried to predict the likelihood of early revision TKA.Question/purposes: We used the Danish Knee Arthroplasty Registry to build models to predict the likelihood of revision TKA within 2 years of primary TKA and asked: (1) Which preoperative factors were the most important features behind these models' predictions of revision? (2) Can a clinically meaningful model be built on the preoperative factors included in the Danish Knee Arthroplasty Registry?Methods: The Danish Knee Arthroplasty Registry collects patients' characteristics and surgical information from all arthroplasties conducted in Denmark and thus provides a large nationwide cohort of patients undergoing TKA. As training dataset, we retrieved all preoperative variables of 25,104 primary TKAs from 2012 to 2015. The same variables were retrieved from 6170 TKAs conducted in 2016, which were used as a hold-out year for temporal external validation. If a patient received bilateral TKA, only the first knee to receive surgery was included. All patients were followed for 2 years, with removal, exchange, or addition of an implant defined as TKA revision. We created four different predictive models to find the best performing model, including a regression-based model using logistic regression with least shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), two classification tree models (random forest and gradient boosting model) and a supervised neural network. For comparison, we created a noninformative model predicting that all observations were unrevised. The four machine learning models were trained using 10-fold cross-validation on the training dataset after adjusting for the low percentage of revisions by over-sampling revised observations and undersampling unrevised observations. In the validation dataset, the models' performance was evaluated and compared by density plot, calibration plot, accuracy, Brier score, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC). The density plot depicts the distribution of probabilities and the calibration plot graphically depicts whether the predicted probability resembled the observed probability. The accuracy indicates how often the models' predictions were correct and the Brier score is the mean distance from the predicted probability to the observed outcome. The ROC curve is a graphical output of the models' sensitivity and specificity from which the AUC is calculated. The AUC can be interpreted as the likelihood that a model correctly classified an observation and thus, a priori, an AUC of 0.7 was chosen as threshold for a clinically meaningful model.Results: Based the model training, age, postfracture osteoarthritis and weight were deemed as important preoperative factors within the machine learning models. During validation, the models' performance was not different from the noninformative models, and with AUCs ranging from 0.57 to 0.60, no models reached the predetermined AUC threshold for a clinical useful discriminative capacity.Conclusion: Although several well-known presurgical risk factors for revision were coupled with four different machine learning methods, we could not develop a clinically useful model capable of predicting early TKA revisions in the Danish Knee Arthroplasty Registry based on preoperative data.Clinical Relevance: The inability to predict early TKA revision highlights that predicting revision based on preoperative information alone is difficult. Future models might benefit from including medical comorbidities and an anonymous surgeon identifier variable or may attempt to build a postoperative predictive model including intra- and postoperative factors as these may have a stronger association with early TKA revisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new genera of Staphylinidae, Inesius gen. nov. (type species Inesius callosipennis (Scheerpeltz)) and the monotypic Rhaegalius gen. nov. (type species Rhaegalius sophia sp. nov.) from the Tropical Andes are described and illustrated using characters of external morphology and male and female genitalia. Philonthus callosipennis Scheerpeltz is transferred to Inesius. Inesius comprises 12 species, of which 11 are new: Inesius asenjoi (Perú), Inesius brunkei (Colombia), Inesius faguensis (Colombia), Inesius forero (Ecuador), Inesius laurae (Colombia), Inesius lopezi (Colombia, Ecuador and Perú), Inesius lynn (Ecuador), Inesius maryzenderus (Perú), Inesius matyi (Ecuador), Inesius schillhammeri (Bolivia) and Inesius zeae (Colombia). Lectotype is designated for P. callosipennis Scheerpeltz. Both genera are revised herein, with keys for identification, diagnoses, a cladogram and a distribution map. The phylogenetic analysis shows Inesius as a monophyletic genus sister to Rhaegalius in a well-supported clade that belongs to a natural group of Neotropical genera of Philonthina (Staphylinini). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Second language (L2) peer response literature is defined in part by discourse research, yet there is scant research on text-specific comments, or comments that make explicit text references, thus resisting generic qualities. The purpose of this case study was to examine such peer response activities in an English writing course at a South Korean university. The data comprises two essay assignments with peer response conducted between two drafts - as accomplished during class time on the class learning management system (LMS) - as well as the subsequent revisions in second drafts. This paper expands on previous coding schemes accounting for area, nature and type commentary to account for a specificity dimension, and also links these categories to revision practices. While students entertained diverse commenting and revising options, popular practices included generic evaluating or revising local or surface-level concerns. This paper offers implications for modelling response activities as well as for how to better define specific and complex idea construction exhibited during response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Obere Extremitat is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This review updates the current knowledge on the taxonomy of intestinal nematodes of the genus Cooperia parasitizing in wild and domestic ruminants. The emphasis is put on revision of 19 valid species belonging to the genus. This analysis focuses on main features of the genus Cooperia, including its geographic occurrence and the life cycle details. The most widespread congeners are Cooperia curticei, C. oncophora, C. pectinata, and C. punctata, having nearly worldwide distribution. The fifth species, referred by electronic databases from the European territory as Cooperia asamatiSpiridonov, 1985, is unveiled here originally as nomen nudum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodistico is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Italian records of Alfieriella naxiana (Reitter, 1884) are listed; the species was already mentioned for Italy, but without precise data. With the occasion, a short revision of the three species of the genus living along the central-eastern Mediterranean coasts is presented, illustrating in particular the aedeagic characters that allow a sure identification of the taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The African assassin bug genus Neopirates Miller, 1952, is revised. The type species, N. nyassae Miller, 1952, is redescribed and illustrated; two new species from Namibia, N. bicolor Liu & Cai sp. n. and N. xanthothorax Liu & Cai sp. n. are described and a key is provided to separate the three species of this genus. Sphodrembas fumipennis Swanson, 2019, the type species of Sphodrembas Swanson, 2019, is placed as a junior synonym of N. nyassae, resulting in Sphodrembas becoming a junior synonym of Neopirates. Morphological differences between Neopirates and similar genera and the distribution of Neopirates are briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Nagiella was studied using morphological and DNA barcode data. Nagiella bispina sp. nov. is described as a new species, and N. hortulatoides Munroe is recorded in China for the first time. The diagnosis of this genus is revised, and the genitalia description of N. quadrimaculalis (Kollar and Redtenbacher) and N. inferior (Hampson) are given in English for the first time. Nosophora incomitata (Swinhoe) stat. rev. is removed from the synonym of N. quadrimaculalis. Photographs of the habitus and genitalia as well as COI DNA Barcode data of these four species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Aleiodes bakeri (Brues) species subgroup of the A. seriatus species group is defined based on two previously described species, A. bakeri and A. nigristemmaticum (Enderlein), and is greatly expanded in this paper with an identification key, descriptions, and illustrations of 18 new species from the Neotropical Region: A. andinus Shaw & Shimbori, sp. nov.; angustus Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; asenjoi Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; bahiensis Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; barrosi Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; brevicarina Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; coariensis Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; goiasensis Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; gonodontivorus Shaw & Shimbori, sp. nov.; hyalinus Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; inga Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; joaquimi Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; lidiae Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; mabelae Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; maculosus Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; ovatus Shimbori & Shaw, sp. nov.; santarosensis Shaw & Shimbori, sp. nov.; and taurus Shimbori & Penteado-Dias, sp. nov. It is hypothesized that the A. bakeri species subgroup is a monophyletic lineage within the larger and probably artificial A. seriatus species group (those Aleiodes with a comb of flat setae at the apex of the hind tibia), and can be distinguished from other members of the seriatus group by having the hind wing vein r present, although weakly indicated; the hind wing marginal cell suddenly widened at junction of veins RS and r; the subbasal cell of the fore wing mostly glabrous but often with two rows of short setae subapically; glabrous regions of the wings also commonly found in the first subdiscal, discal, and basal cells of the fore wing, and the basal cell of hind wing; ocelli quite large, with the width of a lateral ocellus being distinctly larger than the ocellarocular distance; and being relatively large Aleiodes species with body almost entirely brownish yellow or reddish brown. In addition, a new replacement name, Aleiodes buntikae Shimbori & Shaw, nom. nov., is proposed for the species formerly called Aleiodes (Hemigyroneuron) bakeri Butcher & Quicke, 2011. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Share repurchase becomes prevalent in the recent years in China, and China gradually changes its regulatory attitude from restriction to encouragement on it. In this paper, we present that the new round of Company Law revision in China reduces the signalling role of share repurchases; however, when the firms deliver good signals on dividends payout, the negative link between regulatory changes and market reaction to share repurchases becomes weaker. The paper sheds lights on the most up-to-date regulatory change in terms of share repurchases in China and its effect on market reaction to share repurchases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on almost ten years of expertise and operational application of the Combined Drought Indicator (CDI), which is operationally implemented within the European Commission's European Drought Observatory (EDO) for the purposes of early warning and monitoring of agricultural droughts in Europe, this paper proposes a revised version of the index. The CDI conceptualizes drought as a cascade process, where a precipitation shortage (WATCH stage) develops into a soil water deficit (WARNING stage), which in turn leads to stress for vegetation (ALERT stage). The main goal of the revised CDI proposed here, is to improve the indicator's performance for those events that are currently not reliably represented, without drastically altering the modelling framework. This is achieved by means of two main modifications: (a) use of the previously occurring CDI value to improve the temporal consistency of the timeseries, (b) introduction of two temporary classes - namely, soil moisture and vegetation greenness - to avoid brief discontinuities in a stage. The efficacy of the modifications is tested by comparing the performances of the revised and currently implemented versions of the indicator, for actual drought events in Europe during the last 20 years. The revised CDI reliably reproduces the evolution of major droughts, out-performing the current version of the indicator, especially for long-lasting events. Since the revised CDI does not need supplementary input datasets, it is suitable for operational implementation within the EDO drought monitoring system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Revision total joint arthroplasty (TJA) has a higher rate of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) compared with primary TJA, possibly as the result of increased allogeneic blood transfusion. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is gaining popularity in revision TJA to minimize blood loss and the need for transfusion; however, its effect on PJI reduction has yet to be investigated. The hypothesis of this study was that the administration of TXA during revision arthroplasty is protective against subsequent PJI.Methods: A prospectively maintained institutional database was used to identify patients who underwent revision TJA for aseptic failure from 2009 to 2018 and had a minimum follow-up of 90 days. Patients who developed PJI following revision arthroplasty were identified. All patients with PJI met Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify variables independently associated with PJI after aseptic revision TJA.Results: Overall, 1,731 patients who underwent aseptic revision were identified; of these patients, 83 (4.8%) developed PJI. Patients who received TXA had significantly lower rates (p = 0.029) of PJI postoperatively at 3.30% compared with those who did not receive TXA at 5.73%. After controlling for relevant confounding variables, TXA remained a significant independent factor that protected against PJI (odds ratio [OR], 0.47 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.23 to 0.90]; p = 0.030). Female sex was also identified as a significant independent factor that protected against PJI (OR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.30 to 0.88]; p = 0.016). However, preoperative anemia was independently associated with an increased risk of subsequent PJI (OR, 2.37 [95% CI, 1.34 to 4.16]; p = 0.003).Conclusions: Based on this study conducted at a single institution, the use of TXA during aseptic revision arthroplasty was independently associated with a reduced risk of subsequent acute PJI after adjusting for multiple patient characteristics and surgical factors.Level Of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the first phylogenetic study of the order Batrachospermales, Batrachospermum was shown to be paraphyletic. Subsequently, sections of the genus have been methodically investigated using DNA sequences and morphology in order to propose new genera and delineate species. Batrachospermum section Turfosa is the last section with multiple species yet to be examined. New sequence data of specimens from Europe and the United States were combined with the sparse sequence data already available. Phylogenetic analyses using rbcL and COI‐5P sequences showed this section to be a well‐supported clade, distinct from Batrachospermum section Batrachospermum and its segregate genera. Section Turfosa is raised to the generic rank as Paludicola gen. nov. Substantial genetic variation within the genus was discovered and 12 species are recognized based on DNA sequence data as well as morphological characters and geographic distribution. The following morphological characters were applied to distinguish species: branching pattern (pseudodichotomous or irregular), whorl size (reduced or well developed), primary fascicles (curved or straight), spermatangia origin (primary or secondary fascicles), and carposporophyte arrangement (loose or dense). Previously published species were transferred to the new genus: P. turfosa, P. keratophyta, P. orthosticha, P. phangiae, and P. periploca. Seven new species are proposed as follows: P. groenbladii from Europe; P. communis, P. johnhallii, and P. leafensis from North America; and P. aquanigra, P. diamantinensis, and P. turfosiformis from Brazil. In addition, three unsequenced species in the section, P. bakarensis, P. gombakensis, and P. tapirensis, were transferred to the new genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Daptolestes Hull, 1962 is a small genus of distinctive, ornate robber flies (Asilidae) endemic to Australia, currently placed in the subfamily Brachyrhopalinae, containing three described species, D. limbipennis, D. nicholsoni and D. sergius. Adults of Daptolestes species (except D. sergius) have patterned wings, brown and yellow integumental colour and a waisted abdomen and could be mistaken for vespid wasps when foraging for insect prey on flowers. Here, we present a phylogeny based on a morphological survey of adult specimens. Based on the phylogenetic results, we provide a description and revised diagnosis for Daptolestes and describe four new species: D. leei Robinson & Yeates, sp. nov.D. bronteflavus Robinson & Yeates, sp. nov.D. feminategus Robinson & Yeates, sp. nov. and D. illusiolautus Robinson & Yeates, sp. nov. We also erect a new genus, Humorolethalis Robinson, Li & Yeates, gen. nov. to accommodate Dasypogon sergius Walker [=Daptolestes sergius (Walker)]. For all species of both genera, we illustrate external features of the adults and male and female terminalia. Key to all Daptolestes species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To date, only limited literature exists regarding revision of total hip arthroplasty (THA) through the direct anterior approach (DAA). However, as the popularity of the DAA for primary surgery is increasing, surgeons will be confronted with the challenge of performing revision surgery through the DAA. The aim of this study was to review the potential of the DAA in the revision setting and to report the clinical results, radiologic outcomes and complication rates of 63 patients undergoing revision THA through the DAA. Methods: From 01/2009 to 08/2017, 63 patients underwent revision THA through the DAA. Depending on the performed procedure, patients were separated into 4 groups: liner and head exchange (21 patients), revision of the acetabular cup (26 patients), revision of the femoral stem (13 patients) or revision of both components (3 patients). Postoperative complications as well as the clinical and radiological outcome were assessed retrospectively. Results: At a mean follow-up of 18 months, the overall complication and re-operation rates were 14.3% and 12.7%, respectively. Specifically, the complication and re-operation rates were 14.2% and 9.5% after liner and head exchange, 15.4% after revision of the acetabular cup, 15.3% after revision of the femoral stem and 0% after revision of both components. The mean postoperative HHS at 1 year postoperatively was 91 (range 74–100). Conclusion: The DAA offers appropriate exposure for exchange of mobile liners and acetabular cup revision. In selected cases with appropriate stem design, femoral stem revision through the DAA is feasible. However, surgeons should be aware of the technical difficulties related to femoral revision and be prepared to extend the approach distally or perform a trochanteric osteotomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This manuscript presents a revision surgical technique with clinical outcomes for the management of inter and subtrochanteric femur fracture non-union with or without implant failure.Methods: Between January 2010 and January 2019, consecutive patients presenting with inter and subtrochanteric femur fracture non-union and/or implant failure managed with exchange intramedullary nailing, LCP augmentation and biological supplementation were identified. Patient demographics and perioperative data was recorded.Results: 13 patients with 10 intertrochanteric and 3 subtrochanteric femur fractures were identified. Revision was performed for implant failure in 8 (62%) patients and non-union in 5 (38%) patients. Fracture union occurred in all patients at an average of 9 months post revision.Conclusions: Exchange intramedullary nailing, with LCP augmentation and biological supplementation is an effective technique to restore anatomy, maintain function and facilitate immediate weight bearing while providing a fixation construct able to withstand the often extended time periods required to achieve fracture union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In early 2018, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services released the Medical Review of Evaluation and Management (E/M) Documentation, which allows supervising teaching physicians to rely on a medical student's documentation to support billing for E/M services. This change has potential to enhance education, clinical documentation quality, and the satisfaction of students, postgraduate trainees, and teaching physicians. However, its practical adoption presents many challenges that must be navigated successfully to realize these important goals in compliance with federal and local requirements, while avoiding unintended downstream problems. Implementation requires careful planning, policy creation, education, and monitoring, all with collaboration between institutional leaders, compliance and information technology professionals, educators, and learners. In this paper, we review the 2018 Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services rule change, address common questions and potential impacts, outline practical workflows to meet the supervision requirement, and discuss steps for successful implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reticulohistiocytoses (RH) are rare and clinically heterogeneous histiocytic disorders of dermatological interest. Three clinical entities with superimposable histopathological features are currently considered, namely solitary reticulohistiocytoma, diffuse/generalized reticulohistiocytosis and multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. Although in the last decade, RH studies have only minimally progressed, histiocytosis research has advanced considerably: the prognostic and therapeutic importance of the clinical subclassification of histiocytosis patients as well as of the detection of genetic alterations in the genes of the ERK pathway has been highlighted. According to these insights, we previously reported the presence of molecular alteration RH and described a subset of patients with disseminated multisystem involvement lacking arthritis. In the present review, we aim to update and revise the knowledge regarding RH. We first reviewed their histopathological, immunophenotypical and ultrastructural features, discussed their histopathological differential diagnosis with other conditions characterized by infiltrates made of oncocytic or epithelioid cells (with special regard to Destombes–Rosai–Dorfman disease) and finally summarized the molecular landscape of RH. We therefore tried to adjust the clinical subclassification of Langerhans cell histiocytosis to the clinical phenotypes of RH, outlining five clinically different groups of patients. Finally, we reconsidered the clinical workflow to the evaluation of RH patients, in light of the 5 different clinical groups and discussed the different therapeutic approaches and the possible role of target inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research has shown that from early in development, children selectively form new beliefs in response to information supplied by others. However, little is known about the development of selective revision of existing beliefs in response to socially conveyed information. Such selective social belief revision has been extensively studied by social psychologists in the context of advice-taking. Here, we adapted the methods of this research tradition for studying selective advice-taking in young children and adults. Participants solved a perceptual judgment task, received advice, and subsequently made final decisions. The informational access (perceptual quality) of participants and advisor were experimentally manipulated. Adults revised their judgments systematically as a function of both their own and the advisor's informational access whereas children based their adjustments only on their own informational access. Two follow-up experiments suggest, however, that this pattern of results in children reflected performance rather than competence limitations: In suitably modified tasks, children did proficiently consider both their own informational situation and that of the advisor in their selective social belief revision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phylogeny of the Oriental leafhopper genus Amritodus is reconstructed, for the first time, based on 47 discrete morphological characters and DNA sequence data from one nuclear and two mitochondrial genes. The phylogenetic results show that Amritodus is not monophyletic, and its concept is narrowed here to include four species: Amritodus atkinsoni , Amritodus brevis , Amritodus brevistylus and Amritodus saeedi. The phylogenetic results support establishment of a new genus, Paramritodus gen. nov. , with three new species, Paramritodus triangulus sp. nov. (type species), Paramritodus introflexus sp. nov. , Paramritodus spatiosus sp. nov. and three species previously included in Amritodus : Paramritodus pistacious comb. nov. , Paramritodus flavocapitatus comb. nov. and Paramritodus podocarpus comb. nov. In addition, Amritodus flavoscutatus is transferred from Amritodus to Hyalinocerus as Hyalinocerus flavoscutatus comb. nov. Keys to species of Amritodus and Paramritodus are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Angolan Adder, Bitis heraldica (Bocage, 1889), is endemic to the Angolan central plateau and is one of the most poorly known and rarely observed species of African snakes. The phylogenetic placement of B. heraldica within the four subgenera of the genus Bitis (Bitis, Macrocerastes, Calechidna, Keniabitis) has been problematic. The few recent taxonomic and phylogenetic revisions dealing with African viperids and the genus Bitis have not included this species, resulting in the default acceptance of B. heraldica as member of the subgenus Calechidna, based on similar morphology and size. During a survey in Huambo Province, central Angola, we collected the first specimen of this species in the past 65 years, allowing us to examine its phylogenetic relationships to other Bitis using multigene Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of all species of Bitis, except B. harenna. Contrary to expectations that B. heraldica is a member of the subgenus Calechidna, our results unambiguously place B. heraldica among members of the subgenus Macrocerastes, which contains the largest-bodied species of the genus. The placement of B. heraldica within Macrocerastes raises interesting questions about body-size evolution in viperids and contributes to a better understanding of biogeographic patterns in south-western Africa, and particularly Angola. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Pelomedusoides constitutes the most diverse group of Mesozoic and Cenozoic side-necked turtles. However, when it originated is still being poorly known and controversial. Fossil remains from the Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) Rosa Blanca Formation of Colombia were described almost a decade ago as potentially belonging to Podocnemidoidea (a large subclade inside Pelomedusoides) and representing one of the earliest records of this group of turtles. Here, I revise this hypothesis based on a new fragmentary specimen from the Rosa Blanca Formation, represented by a right portion of the shell bridge, including the mesoplastron and most of peripherals 5 to 7. The equidimensional shape of the mesoplatron allows me to support its attribution as belonging to Pelomedusoides, a group to which the previously podocnemidoid material is also attributed here. Although the Valanginian pelomesudoid material from Colombia is still too fragmentary as to be considered the earliest indisputable record of the Pelomedusoides clade, their occurrence is at least in agreement with current molecular phylogenetic hypotheses that suggest they split from Chelidae during the Jurassic and should occur in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous fossil record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper develops an inductive extension of AGM-style belief base revision theory with the aim of formally implementing Freitag's (Philos Q 65(259):254–267, 2015, Dialectica 70(2):185–200, 2016) solution to Goodman's paradox. It shows that the paradox dissolves once belief revision takes place on inductively closed belief bases, rather than on belief sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior evidence has shown that children's understanding of balance proceeds through stages. Children go from a stage where they lack a consistent theory (No Theory), to becoming Center Theorists at around age 6 (believing that all objects balance in their geometric center), to Mass Theorists at around age 8, when they begin to consider the distribution of objects' mass. In this study we adapted prior testing paradigms to examine 5-year-olds' understanding of balance and compared children's learning about balance from evidence presented through primary sources (a guided activity) or secondary sources (picture books). Most of the research on young children's understanding of balance has been conducted using a single object, weighted either proportionally (symmetrical object) or disproportionally (asymmetrical object). In this study, instead of using a single object, 5-year-olds (N = 102) were shown 4 pairs of objects, two with the same weight and two with different weight. Children were told to place the objects on a beam where they thought they would balance. We found evidence for an intermediate level of understanding. Transition Theorists represent children who have two distinct theories, one for balancing same weight objects, and one for balancing different weight objects, but one of these theories is incorrect. Following the assessment of children's understanding, we compared their learning about balance from evidence that was either presented through primary sources (a guided activity) or secondary sources (picture books). Children learn equally well from both sources of evidence. Findings are discussed in terms of theoretical and practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Species of the genera of the Cryptopygus complex in South Africa are morphologically revised. Five new species of the genus Cryptopygus Willem, 1902 s. s. and one new species of the genus Isotominella Delamare Deboutteville, 1948 are described. Cryptopygus abulbus sp. nov. and C. bulbus sp. nov. have only one chaeta on the anterior side of dens and no chaetae on the anterior side of manubrium, the latter species being characterized by the presence of a bulb at apex of antennae; C. inflatus sp. nov. shows a rare combination of eight ocelli on each side of the head with a tridentate mucro; C. longisensillus sp. nov. has five long s-chaetae on the fifth abdominal segment; C. postantennalis sp. nov. is unique by having a very long and slender postantennal organ with strong inner denticles; Isotominella laterochaeta sp. nov. is the second member of the genus and differs from the type species by many more anterior chaetae on the manubrium and the presence of chaetae on ventral side of metathorax. The genera are discussed and a key to all species of the Cryptopygus complex recorded in South Africa is given. The focus is on the Western Cape Province where the complex is the most diverse and sampling more complete than in other provinces of South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study represents a taxonomic revision of the Pheidole sikorae species group from Madagascar. Forty-four members of this group are recognised and described, and an illustrated identification key to this group is also presented. One species is raised to species level: P. litigiosa Forel, 1892 stat. nov. Pheidole veteratrix angustinoda Forel, 1892 syn. nov. is proposed as a junior synonym of Pheidole veteratrix Forel, 1891. Worker castes are also described and lectotypes designated for P. litigiosa Forel, 1892, P. sikorae Forel, 1891, and P. veteratrix Forel, 1891. The following 41 new species are described: P. alina sp. nov., P. ambohimanga sp. nov., P. analavelona sp. nov., P. andohahela sp. nov., P. anomala sp. nov., P. anosyenne sp. nov., P. antranohofa sp. nov., P. beanka sp. nov., P. befotaka sp. nov., P. dasos sp. nov., P. flavominuta sp. nov., P. gracilis sp. nov., P. haboka sp. nov., P. havoana sp. nov., P. hazo sp. nov., P. itremo sp. nov., P. joffreville sp. nov., P. kely sp. nov., P. lavasoa sp. nov., P. mahamavo sp. nov., P. mainty sp. nov., P. mamiratra sp. nov., P. manantenina sp. nov., P. masoandro sp. nov., P. mavohavoana sp. nov., P. midongy sp. nov., P. mikros sp. nov., P. mivory sp. nov., P. nitidobruna sp. nov., P. parvula sp. nov., P. parvulogibba sp. nov., P. renirano sp. nov., P. sava sp. nov., P. sofia sp. nov., P. sparsa sp. nov., P. tampony sp. nov., P. trichotos sp. nov., P. tsaravoniana sp. nov., P. vadum sp. nov., P. volontany sp. nov., and P. vony sp. nov. At present, there are 109 valid species and subspecies of Pheidole known from Madagascar, but this number is expected to increase with upcoming taxonomic revisions of the species groups not revised in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the increased widespread use of molecular diagnostics, genome sequencing, and microbiome analysis in microbiology, the field has experienced a massive influx of novel taxa and nomenclature revisions. A subset of these changes is relevant to the clinical microbiology laboratory, particularly in the context of appropriate antimicrobial susceptibility testing and epidemiology of emerging infections. However, assimilation of these changes into daily clinical microbiology laboratory operations can be challenging for a variety of reasons. Recent taxonomic revisions to Enterobacteriaceae , as well as the genera Borrelia, Mycoplasma , and Mycobacterium , are reviewed as examples that illustrate discrepancies between resources of revision data, criticisms of potentially preliminary data, opinions of unnecessary taxonomic revision, and overwhelming data sets for which clinical relevance is difficult to ascertain. Suggestions for implementation of taxonomic revisions are introduced (including references to peer-reviewed biennial taxonomy revision compendia), which could be augmented by a future Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guideline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two genera from the tribe Ballini (Araneae, Salticidae), Pachyballus Simon, 1900 and Peplometus Simon, 1900, are remarkable for their resemblance to beetles. Their biology is, however, poorly known and taxonomy has hitherto been rarely analysed. Thirteen species are included in this taxonomic revision of the two genera. Six of them are new to the science: Pachyballus caelestis sp. nov. (♂♀, Congo D.R.), Pachyballus miniscutulus sp. nov. (♂♀, South Africa), Pachyballus mombasensis sp. nov. (♂♀, Kenya), Pachyballus ornatus sp. nov. (♂♀, Congo D.R. and Tanzania), Peplometus congoensis sp. nov. (♂♀, Congo and Congo D.R.), and Peplometus nimba sp. nov. (♀, Guinea). One species (Pachyballus cordiformis Berland et Millot, 1941) and a subspecies (P. flavipes aurantius Caporiacco, 1949) are recognised as synonyms of Pachyballus flavipes Simon, 1910. One new combination is proposed: Peplometus oyo (Wesołowska et Russell-Smith, 2011) comb. nov. (ex Pachyballus). The previously unknown females of Pachyballus transversus Simon, 1900 and Peplometus chlorophthalmus Simon, 1900, along with the males of Pachyballus castaneus Simon, 1900 and Peplometus biscutellatus (Simon, 1887) are newly diagnosed and described. Neotypes for Pachyballus castaneus and P. flavipes are designated. Numerous new data on the distribution are provided here and a key to Pachyballus females and to the males of Peplometus is presented. Identity of one species remains doubtful, Pachyballus gambei (Simon, 1880). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The impact of comorbidity on the risk of revision in patients undergoing Total Knee arthroplasty (TKA) and Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is not currently well known. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of comorbidity on the risk of revision in TKA and THA.Methods: Patients recorded in the Catalan Arthroplasty Register (RACat) between 01/01/2005 and 31/12/2016 undergoing TKA (n = 49,701) and THA (n = 17,923) caused by osteoarthritis were included. As main explanatory factors, comorbidity burden was assessed by the Elixhauser index, categorized, and specific comorbidities from the index were taken into account. Descriptive analyses for comorbidity burden and specific conditions were done. Additionally, incidence at 1 and 5 years' follow-up was calculated, and adjusted Competing Risks models were fitted.Results: A higher incidence of revision was observed when the number of comorbidities was high, both at 1 and 5 years for THA, but only at 1 year for TKA. Of the specific conditions, only obesity was related to the incidence of revision at 1 year in both joints, and at 5 years in TKA. The risk of revision was related to deficiency anemia and liver diseases in TKA, while in THA, it was related to peripheral vascular disorders, metastatic cancer and psychoses.Conclusions: Different conditions, depending on the joint, might be related to higher revision rates. This information could be relevant for clinical decision-making, patient-specific information and improving the results of both TKA and THA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following external morphological features of members of the genus Meromyza Mg. have been analyzed: the ratio of the height of frontal triangle to the length of the head; the presence of black setae on the lower surface of genae; the degree of manifestation of ocellus spot; the ratio of the length of mesonotum to scutellum; the length and color of the mid strip of the mesonotum and its degree of manifestation on the scutellum; and the thickness of hind femurs. Additionally, the size and shape of anterior and posterior processes of the postgonite, and the type of attachment of the posterior process have been investigated. The authors have determined the range of variability of key features applicable to the reliable identification of closely related species of grass flies in the "meigeni" species group of the genus Meromyza, as well as the usefulness of CO1 mtDNA sequences for this purpose. The authors propose to re-instate the name M. laeta Meigen, 1838 (instead of using the name M. meigeni Nartshuk, 2006), to include seven species into the cluster "meigeni", and to substitute the name of the cluster "meigeni" with the name "variegata". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, research into dynamic descriptions of text has focused mainly on the spoken mode; and while writing process research has examined language structures, it has largely ignored the functionality (meaning) inherent in them. Therefore, drawing on systemic functional linguistics (SFL) and keystroke logging software, this article takes a further step toward an interdisciplinary dialogue by outlining a new schematic for coding and analyzing revisions. More specifically, we show how revision activity can be tracked within functional components, across functional components, and across clauses in terms of forward and backward movements. By exploring three digitally constructed texts, which were produced and observed unobtrusively in a natural setting, we have attempted to illustrate how one writer's revising process can be operationalized in terms of (a) chronological movement (sequence) and (b) spatial movement (location). Findings showed how activity was relatively consistent across datasets with regard to session management, revision frequency, and distribution of revision types. Moreover, results also showed how most revision activity occurred at, or ahead of, the point of inscription, particularly with regard to revising the end of clauses. However, findings also indicated that revising the start of clauses was equally important when considering the size of functional components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess patients treated for interprosthetic femoral fractures (IFFs).Method: Based on our database, we performed a retrospective single-center analysis of patients who underwent surgery for the treatment of IFFs. We evaluated patient demographics, fracture patterns, type of surgery, revision, and mortality for a minimum of one year after treatment. Outcomes were assessed via telephone using the Parker score.Results: Fifty consecutive patients were enrolled. An analysis of fracture patterns revealed three different types: proximal (n = 19), intermediate (n = 13), and distal (n = 18). Treatment included internal fixation for stable components and revision arthroplasty for loose implants; and a lateral locking plate was the most commonly applied device. The mean follow-up time of the total sample was 5.7 years after the operation. The total revision rate was 22%, and the highest revision rate was documented for revision arthroplasty. The one year mortality rate for the sample was 14%, and fracture patterns and treatment revealed no effects on mortality. Living patients (n = 23) were followed up for an average of 4.9 years after treatment. Only six patients reported the best Parker score (mean, 5.0; range 0-9).Conclusion: IFFs can be divided into three groups irrespective of the type of stem or bone quality, but fixation (stable or loose) must also be considered to determine the treatment. Fracture patterns and treatment revealed no effects on mortality. There are many treatment options but no single solution for IFFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]