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PURPOSE: Observational clinicogenomic data sets, consisting of tumor next-generation sequencing (NGS) data linked to clinical records, are commonly used for cancer research. However, in real-world practice, oncologists frequently request NGS in search of treatment options for progressive cancer. The extent and impact of this dynamic on analysis of clinicogenomic research data are not well understood. METHODS: We analyzed clinicogenomic data for patients with non–small cell lung, colorectal, breast, prostate, pancreatic, or urothelial cancers in the American Association for Cancer Research Biopharmaceutical Consortium cohort. Associations between baseline and time-varying clinical characteristics and time from diagnosis to NGS were measured. To explore the impact of informative cohort entry on biomarker inference, statistical interactions between selected biomarkers and time to NGS with respect to overall survival were calculated. RESULTS: Among 7,182 patients, time from diagnosis to NGS varied significantly by clinical factors, including cancer type, calendar year of sequencing, institution, and age and stage at diagnosis. NGS rates also varied significantly by dynamic clinical status variables; in an adjusted model, compared with patients with stable disease at any given time after diagnosis, patients with progressive disease by imaging or oncologist assessment had higher NGS rates (hazard ratio for NGS, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.45 to 1.78] and 2.32 [95% CI, 2.01 to 2.67], respectively). Statistical interactions between selected biomarkers and time to NGS with respect to survival, potentially indicating biased biomarker inference results, were explored. CONCLUSION: To evaluate the appropriateness of a data set for a particular research question, it is crucial to measure associations between dynamic cancer status and the timing of NGS, as well as to evaluate interactions involving biomarkers of interest and NGS timing with respect to survival outcomes. Cancer researchers working with observational genomic data should examine the sensitivity of their findings to the timing of genomic sequencing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to increase the knowledge of the roles and functions of public health institutes (PHIs) by exploring and comparing the Scandinavian PHIs, their roots, and developments over time. The research questions are the following: What was the history behind these public institutions? How have they changed over time? Have they followed divergent or parallel paths of change? How, if at all, have they been influenced by public sector reforms? Comparing the three Scandinavian countries based on an institutionalist approach, the article seeks to increase the understanding of the role of PHIs in governing public health. The article is based on documents from parliaments and governments from the public health institutes, supplemented by institution narratives and relevant public health and public administration literature. The Scandinavian PHIs have common roots from the early 1900s, have followed different routes, and have different institutional characteristics and different roles as public health institutions. However, after more than 100 years, the Scandinavian PHIs belong to the international PHI organization. They are responsible for knowledge dissemination, surveillance, and preparedness for the handling of epidemics and pandemics. The article argues for more comparative research on institutions related to public health authorities, such as the PHIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Socialization during gaming is an important aspect of gaming for people with and without disabilities. However, we know little about how gamers with disabilities play with others. Aim: This study investigated the social gaming experiences of individuals with disabilities focusing on research questions 1) Who do people with disabilities play with?, and 2) How do people with disabilities communicate while gaming? Method: We conducted a survey study which focused on experiences of gaming with disabilities. In total 92 responses were analyzed. Results: The results suggest that gamers with disabilities play digital multiplayer games locally and online with friends, family, strangers, and people they know. The most used communication methods were speech, text, and built-in features. However, some were not communicating at all due to a lack of suitable communication methods. Furthermore, communication varied depending on if the gaming was happening online or locally, and depending on the gaming companions. Discussion: The results align with previous research indicating that people with disabilities engage in gaming with friends, family, and strangers similar to any other gamer. However, there is a lack of studies on how people generally communicate in games, nonetheless, as speech and text communication methods are most commonly seen in games, we can assume that they are the most used communication methods for all gamers. Limitations and Future Research: This study has limitations both related to the survey questions and the survey participants. We cannot be sure if all understood the questions in the same way, furthermore, most of the participants were experienced Finnish gamers with physical disabilities which could have skewed the results. Further research is necessary to address these limitations and broaden the scope of the study's findings. Conclusions: Based on the results, we argue that games should provide multiple means of communication to make social gaming more accessible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because findings in prior research are ambiguous, it remains unclear whether and under which circumstances formal and informal support sources help older adults with their Information and Communication Technology (ICT) use. Our qualitative interview study with 96 older adults (>65, including Internet users and non-users) aims to shed light on older adults' ICT support by addressing two research questions: (Q1) What types of ICT support needs do older adults experience in their everyday lives? (Q2) For each type of need, who provides the support? Our results show that there are four analytically distinct types of support needs that are often conflated in the literature: motivational support, instructional support, technical support and support by proxy use. Each support type has its suitable support sources. To foster digital inclusion, older adults require access to the specific type(s) of support that fits their occurring need(s). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep learning plays a significant role in developing a robust and constructive framework for tackling complex learning tasks. Consequently, it is widely utilized in many security-critical contexts, such as Self-Driving and Biometric Systems. Due to their complex structure, Deep Neural Networks (DNN) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Adversaries can deploy attacks at training or testing time and can cause significant security risks in safety–critical applications. Therefore, it is essential to comprehend adversarial attacks, their crafting methods, and different defending strategies. Moreover, finding effective defenses to malicious attacks that can promote robustness and provide additional security in deep learning models is critical. Therefore, there is a need to analyze the different challenges concerning deep learning models' robustness. The proposed work aims to present a systematic review of primary studies that focuses on providing an efficient and robust framework against adversarial attacks. This work used a standard SLR (Systematic Literature Review) method to review the studies from different digital libraries. In the next step, this work designed and answered several research questions thoroughly. The study classified several defensive strategies and discussed the major conflicting factors that can enhance robustness and efficiency. Moreover, the impact of adversarial attacks and their perturbation metrics are also analyzed for different defensive approaches. The findings of this study assist researchers and practitioners in choosing an appropriate defensive strategy by incorporating the considerations of varying research issues and recommendations. Finally, relying upon reviewed studies, this work found future directions for researchers to design robust and innovative solutions against adversarial attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Numerous clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements have been published in hernia surgery, however, there is still a need for high-quality evidence to address remaining unanswered questions. The aim of this study was to conduct research priority setting through a modified Delphi process to identify a list of top research priorities in hernia surgery. Methods: A structured literature review of clinical practice guidelines was performed by the steering committee. Topics considered clinically significant, practical to study and lacking strong evidence were extracted and refined into a comprehensive list, then entered into a two-round Delphi survey for prioritization at the Abdominal Core Health Quality Collaborative (ACHQC) Quality Improvement Summit. In round 1, participants were instructed to select any topic that should be prioritized for future research. Topics were ranked according to the proportion of votes and the 25 highest-ranking topics were included in the second round. In round 2, participants were instructed to select only the top 10 topics for research prioritization. Results: Eleven clinical practice guidelines were reviewed. Eighty-seven topics were extracted by the steering committee and submitted for prioritization. After the first round, 25 of the highest-ranking topics were determined and included in the second round. A final list of 11 research questions was identified. The hernia types with the most research interest were inguinal and epigastric/umbilical hernias. Other topics of high interest were the management of diastasis recti, primary versus mesh repairs and expectant management versus surgical repair. Conclusion: Our study provides a research agenda generated through expert consensus that may be used in the prioritization of the design and funding of clinical trials in hernia surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we compare the performance of several popular pre-trained reference extraction and segmentation toolkits combined in different pipeline configurations on three different datasets. The extraction is end-to-end, i.e. the input is PDF documents, and the output is parsed reference objects. The evaluation is for reference strings and individual fields in the reference objects using alignment by identical fields and close-to-identical values. Our results show that Grobid and AnyStyle perform best of all compared tools, although one may want to use them in combination. Our work is meant to serve as a reference for researchers interested in applying out-of-the-box reference extraction and -parsing tools, for example, as a preprocessing step to a more complex research question. Our detailed results on different datasets with results for individual parsed fields will allow them to focus on aspects that are particularly important to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological science has thrived thanks to new methods and innovative practices. Journals, including Behavior Research Methods (BRM), continue to support the dissemination and evaluation of research assets including data, software/hardware, statistical code, and databases of stimuli. However, such research assets rarely allow for computational reproducibility, meaning they are difficult to reuse. Therefore, in this preregistered report, we explore how BRM's authors and BRM structures shape the landscape of functional research assets. Our broad research questions concern: (1) How quickly methods and analytical techniques reported in BRM can be used and developed further by other scientists; (2) Whether functionality has improved following changes to BRM journal policy in support of computational reproducibility; (3) Whether we can disentangle such policy changes from changes in reproducibility over time. We randomly sampled equal numbers of papers (N = 204) published in BRM before and after the implementation of policy changes. Pairs of researchers recorded how long it took to ensure assets (data, software/hardware, statistical code, and materials) were fully operational. They also coded the completeness and reusability of the assets. While improvements were observed in all measures, only changes to completeness were altered significantly following the policy changes (d =.37). The effects varied between different types of research assets, with data sets from surveys/experiments showing the largest improvements in completeness and reusability. Perhaps more importantly, changes to policy do appear to have improved the life span of research products by reducing natural decline. We conclude with a discussion of how, in the future, research and policy might better support computational reproducibility within and beyond psychological science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This case study aimed to diagnose the cause(s) of a seasonal, and objectionable odour reported by travellers and drivers in the railway cars of Australian passenger trains. The research questions were to: (1) identify whether significant microbial colonisation was present within the air handling system of trains and causing the odours; to (2) identify other potential sources and; (3) remedial options for addressing the issue. Methods: A mixed-methods, action research design was used adopted. Sections of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems from odour-affected trains were swabbed for bacteria and fungi and examined for evidence of wear, fatigue and damage on-site and off-site. Insulation foam material extracted from the walls of affected trains was also subjected to a chemical assessment following exposure to varying humidity and temperature conditions in a climate simulator. This was accompanied by a qualitative sensory characterisation. Results: Upon exposure to a variety of simulated temperature and humidity combinations to recreate the odour, volatile chemical compounds released from the insulation foam by water were identified as its likely cause. In addition, a range of potentially serious pathogenic and odour-causing microbes were cultured from the HVAC systems, although it is considered unlikely that bacterial colonies were the odour source. Conclusion: The research has implications for the sanitising and maintenance policies for HVAC systems on public transport, especially when operating in humid environments. The sanitary imposition, especially in the wake of COVID-19 may be required to ensure the safety of the travelling public and drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The paper aims at addressing the following research questions: does institutional quality improve countries' environmental efficiency? And which pillars of institutional quality improve countries' environmental efficiency? Design/methodology/approach: By specifying a directional distance function in the context of stochastic frontier method where GHG emissions are considered as the bad output and the GDP is referred as the desirable one, the work computes the environmental efficiency into the appraisal of a production function for the European countries over three decades. Findings: According to the countries' performance, the findings confirm that high and upper middle-income countries have higher environmental efficiency compared to low middle-income countries. In this environmental context, the role of institutional quality turns out to be really important in improving the environmental efficiency for high income countries. Originality/value: This article attempts to analyze the role of different dimensions of institutional quality in different European countries' performance – in terms of mitigating GHGs (undesirable output) – while trying to raise their economic performance through their GDP (desirable output). Highlights: The paper aims at addressing the following research question: does institutional quality improve countries' environmental efficiency? We adopt a directional distance function in the context of stochastic frontier method, considering 40 European economies over a 30-year time interval. The findings confirm that high and upper middle-income countries have higher environmental efficiency compared to low middle-income countries. The role of institutional quality turns out to be really important in improving the environmental efficiency for high income countries, while the performance decreases for the low middle-income countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigated the economic impacts resulting from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to the arboriculture/commercial urban forestry (ACUF) industry through a survey that was administered to practitioners – arborists and commercial urban foresters – throughout the New England states (Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine) of the United States of America (USA). The responses by this sample of ACUF firms indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic period was one of strong income and employment growth for the industry fuelled in part by increased demand by private homeowners. This period saw growth for the ACUF industry, but firms from this sample also faced many of the same difficulties that other industries faced in relation to securing the labour they needed, as well as increases in costs related to wages, salaries, and health insurance. Whether these increases are short-term phenomena or longer-term shifts for the ACUF industry remains an important research question. Analysis of this segment of the broader "green industry" enables stakeholders and interested parties to educate legislators, regulatory decision-makers, and others about the importance of the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to the ACUF sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Letter to the Editor: A Systematic Review a Day, Keeps the Reader Away!" published in the Journal of Orthodontics discusses the exponential growth of orthodontic systematic reviews (SRs) and the challenges it poses for orthodontists. The paper presents prediction models for the increasing number of SRs and introduces duplication criteria for SRs to address redundancy and conflicting data. Recommendations are provided for authors, journal reviewers, and editors to navigate the proliferation of SRs effectively and avoid research waste. The article emphasizes the importance of adhering to rigorous standards and updating SRs judiciously to maintain the clinical significance of evidence in orthodontics. [Extracted from the article]

Over the years, energy research in wealthy countries has shown that energy consumption happens unconsciously in connection with everyday routines, and most people—at least in the relatively prosperous and equal society of Denmark—are not aware of the price of energy. During the energy crisis of 2022 this was no longer the case, and new research questions were raised, including how do increasing energy prices and public awareness of the energy crisis affect heating practices in different types of homes and how do people cope with the new situation in practice? A qualitative study including interviews with 30 households from varying socioeconomic circumstances forms the background of the analysis. The research investigates similarities and differences in coping strategies and meanings related to changes in everyday practices, discussing whether changes carry different meanings according to energy vulnerability and environmental concern. The analysis is based on practice theoretical understandings and this article provides insights into how practice change and variations in practices following a crisis can be interpreted. The conclusion discusses the implications of the findings for the green transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Public Health Forum is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In today's society, the need for functional communication is essential from an early age. However, many children struggle with speech, language, and communication during their time in early childhood education and care (ECEC). This paper examines early childhood special education teachers' (ECSETs) views on how children with speech, language and communication needs are supported in regular ECEC. The empirical data comprised four focus group interviews with 14 itinerant ECSETs. A thematic analysis was used to examine the teachers' support strategies. The following four themes related to the research question were identified after an iterative process of coding and close reading of data: (a) cooperation and professionalism as prerequisites for providing support; (b) processes and procedures for providing support; (c) consultation for personnel enabling support for children in a group; and (d) adjusting support based on each child's individual needs. The study provides insight into providing support for children with speech, language and communication needs and related challenges. The results indicate several areas that work well in providing support during specific activities and for certain group compositions. However, potential pitfalls include ECSETs' workload and lack of knowledge and motivation among personnel to support children in need of support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the conceptual impact of urbanization on human emotions through the lens of visual design. It is anchored by the research question, how might variations in line quality and medium in visual design conceptually represent and convey emotional states in the context of urbanization? Employing a range of image resources, including travel photographs and daily life snapshots, the researchers analyze the emotive essence of lines. These visual explorations are further enriched by a theoretical review of contemporary neurourbanism, underscoring the significant role of visual design elements in urban contexts. The study reveals a conceptual correlation between line quality and form in visual design and the emotional narratives they convey within urban environments. This finding emphasizes the potential of visual design to conceptually represent and enhance emotional well-being in urban settings. Moreover, the researchers advocate for the practical integration of findings in urban planning and design, encouraging collaborative efforts between designers and artists to craft urban spaces that are emotionally engaging and resonant. By offering a nuanced understanding of the relationship between urban design elements and human emotions, this study makes a valuable contribution to the field of visual design, highlighting its profound role in shaping the emotional landscape of urban societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence has made significant changes in human life and one of the most important areas affected by this technological progress is the area of war and violent conflicts between states. Hence, understanding of its dimensions and consequences is necessary to manage future conditions. The research question is, from the perspective of the strategic policies of the American, Russian and Chinese states, what effect does artificial intelligence have on the nature of war? In this research, the method of qualitative content analysis was used using MaxQD software. The results of the research show that from the point of view of the three states, all three indicators of the nature of Clausewitz's war undergo positive and negative changes under the influence of artificial intelligence. The changes that cause the transformation of the tools, methods and features of war between the states and this transformation makes it more necessary to redefine the security strategy of the states to face the threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnomathematics examines the relationship between mathematics and cultural practices, highlighting mathematical concepts embedded within diverse cultural contexts. Ijo Temple, located approximately 4 km southeast of Ratu Boko Temple and 18 km east of Yogyakarta, stands as a prominent cultural site in Indonesia. While prior studies have explored mathematical elements within cultural heritage, limited attention has been given to the geometric concepts inherent in Ijo Temple's architecture. This study bridges this gap by analyzing the temple's architectural geometry through an ethnographic lens, guided by four key research questions: "Where do I observe?", "How do I investigate?", "How do I identify significant findings?", and "How do I interpret these findings?". The investigation uncovers various geometric sub-concepts, validated in collaboration with geometry experts. These include (1) planar geometry, encompassing triangles, rectangles, squares, trapezoids, and circles; (2) spatial geometry, such as cubes, rectangular prisms, and cylinders; (3) geometric transformations, including translation, reflection, and dilation; and (4) congruence principles. Beyond contributing to the academic discourse on geometric applications within cultural heritage, this research underscores the potential of culturally contextualized learning to enhance students' mathematical understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to investigate the current state of corruption (focus) in the South African context (locus). Bribery, financial mismanagement, abuse of power and authority, fraud, favouritism, nepotism, and disregard for organisational ethics are just a few examples of how corruption manifests itself today. Whatever the form, corruption has a negative effect because it fosters a culture of misconduct, incompetent governance, poor leadership, inadequate oversight measures and weak management practices. This study delves into the reality of corruption in the nation and identifies the reasons behind its resistance. A combination of literature and document reviews and document and conceptual analysis were used to gather and evaluate qualitative data. Several information sources were used, such as newspaper articles, journal articles, news channel reports, official anti-corruption documents, Acts, South African legislative frameworks, internet sources, etc. What are the causes of the rise in corruption in South Africa? is the research question posed for the study. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16 is related to establishing good governance in the nation, hampered by corruption. The study uses the good governance theory as a theoretical framework that could help the government establish a culture of integrity, accountability, openness, and the rule of law. To achieve SDG 16, the study recommends creating an ethical environment in all ministries, departments, and government entities, including local, provincial, and national. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agrivoltaics (AV) are expanding worldwide, but knowledge about the perception and acceptance of this approach is far from complete. The aim of the present study was to investigate the visual perception and acceptance of AV systems, focussing on the central research question of whether the type of grassland use influences the visual perception and acceptance of vertical interspace AV. For this purpose, three photo-based pictures of a vertical interspace AV plant were used in a laboratory experiment with 29 participants: the original photo showing the AV plant with grassland only; an edited photo with cattle added and an edited photo with silage bales added. The eye-tracking results showed that additional picture elements (i.e., cattle and silage bales) at least partially attracted visual attention, but did not distract from the technical elements of the depicted AV systems. The analysis of the acceptance ratings indicated relatively stable attitudes towards AV, which could not be easily modulated by depicting different types of grassland use within AV systems. Short-term and limited changes in attitudes towards AV appeared to result from the provision of information and mental engagement with the topic. We recommend carrying out further research based on larger, representative samples and more realistic stimuli of AV systems that would provide a better understanding of visual perception and acceptance than photos alone, such as on-site visits or VR visualisations, to enhance the external validity of the results. We also suggest conducting longitudinal studies to explore possible long-term effects on the public acceptance of AV systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clicktivism, an emerging form of activism in the digital era, is a concept that can be applied to government-hosted e-petitions. However, an integrative approach combining these two has been scarce. Addressing this gap, this study aims to investigate the dynamics that occur in the process of clicktivism on government-hosted e-petitions, focusing on their themes and intentions. To address our research question, we collected data from South Korea's "National Petition of the Blue House" and applied multinomial logistic and simple linear regression models to e-petitions that met the criteria for eliciting an official government response. The findings indicate that among the e-petitions meeting the official criteria, those related to political or minority issues received a higher number of supports compared to others. Furthermore, citizens were more inclined to endorse e-petitions seeking punitive actions against specific individuals or organizations, rather than those proposing specific policy or legislative changes. These results suggest that participation through clicktivism is often driven by emotional appeals in petitions. This provides a preliminary framework for understanding citizen engagement behaviors with government-hosted e-petitions and the dynamics that occur in the policy process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few decades, machine learning (ML) has demonstrated significant advancements in all areas of human existence. Machine learning and deep learning models rely heavily on data. Typically, basic machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models receive input data and its matching output. Within the model, these models generate rules. In a physics-guided model, input and output rules are provided to optimize the model's learning, hence enhancing the model's loss optimization. The concept of the physics-guided neural network (PGNN) is becoming increasingly popular among researchers and industry professionals. It has been applied in numerous fields such as healthcare, medicine, environmental science, and control systems. This review was conducted using four specific research questions. We obtained papers from six different sources and reviewed a total of 81 papers, based on the selected keywords. In addition, we have specifically addressed the difficulties and potential advantages of the PGNN. Our intention is for this review to provide guidance for aspiring researchers seeking to obtain a deeper understanding of the PGNN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al Bashaer Economic Journal is the property of Al Bashaer Economic Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper contributes to the literature that critically engages with the so-called 'twin green and digital transition' by assessing the twin transition as a policy discourse. Our research question is: why and how is the twin transition legitimised and implemented in the European Union (EU) despite recognised pitfalls and uncertainties? The analysis is based on interpretative text analysis of high-level EU policy documents about the twin green and digital transition and of Member States' resilience and recovery plans. The paper assesses the political and socio-economic context as a central factor that explains how the coupling of the green and the digital comes to be seen as desirable. Our results show that innovation associated with the digital imaginary is used to discursively reframe tensions between economic and sustainability policy aims as synergies. Legitimacy is derived not only from the promise of win-win ideas but also from the claimed ability of governing institutions to steer the twin transitions in the desired direction and avoid the recognised risks. With regard to implementation, the twin transition logic guided the allocation of funds by framing the need to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic as an opportunity to accelerate the green and digital transitions. Hence, the digital imaginary merges environmental governance with the governance of innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a neo-Gramscian theoretical framework, this paper assumes that European Climate Pact Ambassadors (CPAs) play an essential role in the European green transition, thus contributing to defining new climate hegemony within the EU. The research question answered by the present paper is whether these climate ambassadors can be understood as "organic intellectuals" (in the sense forwarded by Antonio Gramsci) for their participation in the construction of a counter-hegemonic discourse and their determination to challenge the traditional modes of a fossil fuel-based economy. As such, these ambassadors will be ideally placed to develop a new narrative for climate action based on the just transition to the ambitious objectives of the European Green Deal. From this perspective, the article contributes to the broader debate on climate governance by sharply underlining the necessity of grassroots involvement and the possibility offered through a neo-Gramscian analysis to understand the dynamics of climate hegemony in the EU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is based on the methodological assumptions of political science and administration. In response to the research questions, it can be observed that Poland is a country where the government endeavors to comprehensively implement solutions in the field of e-administration. This includes aspects related to the legal system, e-administration services for citizens, recognition of cyber threats, and a comprehensive counteraction strategy (through training systems and normative solutions), acknowledging the necessity of implementing AI in public administration. The article provides a comparative perspective on the development of e-administration in Poland as a part of Central and Eastern Europe. It analyzes Poland as a country that, while not a leader in the digitization of public administration, is not lagging behind in the implementation of new technologies in the public sector. Simultaneously, the paper may serve as a contribution to further in-depth research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) is a pattern-recognition receptor (PRR), which has shown much promise as a molecular target for the development of TH1/TH17-skewing vaccine adjuvants. In 2009, the first non-proteinaceous Mincle ligands, trehalose dimycolate (TDM) and trehalose dibehenate (TDB), were identified. This prompted a search for other Mincle agonists and the exploration of Mincle agonists as vaccine adjuvants for both preventative and therapeutic (anti-cancer) vaccines. In this review, we discuss those classes of Mincle agonists that have been explored for their adjuvant potential. These Mincle agonists have been used as stand-alone adjuvants or in combination with other pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or immunomodulatory agents. We will also highlight recently identified Mincle ligands with hitherto unknown adjuvanticity. Conjugate vaccines that contain covalently linked adjuvants and/or adjuvant–antigen combinations are also presented, as well as the different formulations (e.g., oil-in-water emulsions, liposomes, and particulate delivery systems) that have been used for the codelivery of antigens and adjuvants. Insofar the reader is presented with a thorough review of the potential of Mincle-mediated vaccine adjuvants, including historical context, present-day research and clinical trials, and outstanding research questions, such as the role of ligand presentation and Mincle clustering, which, if better understood, will aid in the development of the much-needed TH1/TH17-skewing vaccine adjuvants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reinterprets the Thai discourse of bamboo diplomacy. In a normative study of Thai foreign policy, bamboo diplomacy has been readily taken as a self-explanatory approach behind the resilience of Thailand's position through bending with the prevailing wind of international politics for its survival. However, the oversimplification of this view of bamboo diplomacy belittles the reality in which the making of Thai foreign policy demands careful calculations and even sacrifices from the political elites. Proposing a reinterpretation of Thai diplomacy, the article argues that Thai bamboo diplomacy has been shaped by the interplay between interests and values as a basis of the shift of Thai positions and alliances throughout the country's history. A main research question is: Under which condition is a values-based Thai foreign policy formulated and implemented? While the interests-driven approach has remained central to Thai foreign policy, Thailand has demonstrated some resilience in its shift towards a values-based foreign policy if dictated by domestic and international factors. Under this circumstance, values are vital as a legitimisation mechanism for the shift of foreign policy and alliances for the ultimate attainment of national interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, IT organizations largely rely on cloud computing services to meet their infrastructure needs, making it the backbone of the industry. However, several challenges remain that need to be effectively addressed. Data breaches, identity and access management problems, unsafe interfaces and APIs, data loss, shared technology vulnerabilities, compliance and legal issues, inadequate data encryption, lack of visibility and control, delayed security patching, and the requirement to have faith in the cloud service provider's security procedures are the primary security challenges in cloud computing. Blockchain technology has emerged as a promising technology to address many of these security issues. In this paper, an extensive study is carried out to analyze the security issues in the cloud and the categorization of gathered security issues in terms of security requirements, such as confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity, and privacy. Research questions are framed to dig deeper into the different blockchain-enabled solutions present to resolve cloud security issues, such as access control, identity management (IDM), and data integrity verification, along with their analysis. In-detail comparative analysis of the above blockchain-assisted solutions is also presented along with the future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have been gaining ground in Cyber Security (CS) research in an attempt to counter increasingly sophisticated attacks. However, this paper poses the question of qualitative and quantitative data. This paper argues that scholarly research in this domain is severely impacted by the quality and quantity of available data. Datasets are disparate. There is no uniformity in (i) the dataset features, (ii) the methods of collection, or (iii) the preprocessing requirements to enable good-quality analyzed data that are suitable for automated decision-making. This review contributes to the existing literature by providing a single summary of the wider field in relation to AI, evaluating the most recent datasets, combining considerations of ethical AI, and posing a list of open research questions to guide future research endeavors. Thus, this paper contributes valuable insights to the cyber security field, fostering advancements for the application of AI/ML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synopsis Research problem According to the World Economic Forum, terrorism is one of the main managerial concerns for companies worldwide. However, there is surprisingly scant research on how terrorist attacks impact managerial decision-making. To fill this gap, we investigate how terrorist attacks influence firms' socially oriented activities, as measured by their investments in corporate social responsibility (CSR). Motivation or theoretical reasoning In light of the crucial role of CSR in financial markets and the growing apprehension regarding terrorism risk, this study explores whether and to what extent firms' CSR investments contribute to the resilience to terrorism risk. The motivation for our research question is grounded in the idea that terrorist attacks create a unique set of circumstances that prompt firms to reconsider their socially oriented initiatives. We argue that firms impacted by such events tend to recognize the importance of demonstrating commitment to social responsibility in the aftermath of a crisis. Overall, the theoretical underpinnings of this study revolve around the notion that CSR becomes a strategic response for firms affected by terrorism, through which they address various stakeholder concerns, maintain legitimacy, and strategically manage their public image in the aftermath of a crisis. The test hypotheses We empirically examine two key research questions in this study. First, we examine the effect of terrorist attacks on the CSR investments of publicly traded firms. Second, we examine whether and how the increase in CSR investments of publicly traded firms after terrorist attacks affects firm value. Target population Our study extends the limited research on the impact of terrorism on capital markets, which is an area of great concern to various stakeholders, including shareholders and corporate managers. The findings will also help researchers understand the determinants of CSR and the potential channels through which CSR creates value for shareholders. Adopted methodology Using a multivariate regression model and controlling for all other determinants of corporate CSR investment documented by prior studies, we test the effect of terrorist events on firms' CSR investment. To reduce the concern that a growing awareness of the importance of CSR may explain the changes in firms' investment in CSR over time, we use a difference-in-differences research design. Analyses Using a sample of 53 major terrorist attacks occurring in the U.S. between 1994 and 2015, this study examines the causal effect of terrorist attacks on firms' CSR activities. Findings Our findings indicate that public firms located in close proximity to terrorist attacks (i.e., the impact firms) substantially increase their investment in CSR following those terrorist events, and that the increase in CSR investment is positively associated with firm value. We further observe a strengthened association between increased CSR and firm value when the CSR efforts of the impact firms attract greater media attention. In conclusion, our findings substantiate the hypothesis that firms exposed to higher levels of terrorism risk are more inclined to enhance their CSR investments. This inclination is driven by the dual impact of CSR efforts: not only do they contribute to bolstering stakeholders' confidence in firms' future performance, but they are also linked to increased returns in the aftermath of a terrorist attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alger-Sullivan Lumber Company was created in the early 20th century, as two lumber giants pooled their expertise with local lumber resources to create a company and town. The combination was successful, even though the company had reduced operations prior to the start of World War II. The Archives at the University of West Florida contain many historical documents of the Alger-Sullivan Lumber Company, which provide great insight into the financial, accounting, and operational aspects of the company during its over 50 years of existence. Of particular interest are the years during the U.S. involvement in World War II, as the company faced many challenges and opportunities. The research question, "What impact did World War II have on the accounting and financial activities conducted at the company?" is addressed, with documentation to show a greater cost-consciousness, along with more detailed and refined financial reporting, developed during this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RPA's potential for efficiency improvement highly recommends the analysis of its applicability to the organizations' processes. This paper analyses the value of RPA as its impact on the main activity groups in the value chain: Procurement, Internal Operations and Marketing and Sales. The analysis of RPA's contribution for each of the activity groups addresses a research question through an exploratory approach: "How does RPA create value for organizations and which RPA features are critical for such value creation?". The data was collected through interviews, analyzed using content analysis, and shows that RPA has impacts on both downstream and internal dimensions. Regarding upstream dimension further research is required to ascertain RPA's potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This mixed methods study examined how a National Professional Development Grant project's first cohort (2018–2020) in the Midwest impacted mostly White and monolingual inservice teachers who work with emergent bilingual learners (EBLs). Two research questions (RQs) guided this study: RQ1: What were the inservice teachers English language ideologies and their confidence in teaching EBLs after they completed professional development on racially, linguistically, and culturally (RLC) responsive teaching mindsets and pedagogies? and RQ2: How did the inservice teachers respond to prompts about raciolinguistic ideologies and EBLs' use of Standard American English? Quantitative t‐tests and factor analyses on pre‐post teacher surveys were conducted to investigate RQ1. Qualitative open and axial analyses on teachers' reflections to prompts about language ideologies were completed for RQ2. Quantitative results revealed that a majority of the participating teachers reported improved confidence in developing RLC responsive teaching strategies for EBLs. At the same time, their reflections showed that they persisted in their deeply‐rooted raciolinguistic ideologies about English, even though they intended to acknowledge and appreciate EBLs' use of language varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An unsustainable rate of resource production and consumption is evident in urban environments. The absence of innovative approaches in conjunction with the exponential urbanization and expansion of the global population will inevitably result in substantial environmental consequences. There are two emerging alternatives: circular economy (CE) and urban metabolism (UM). The integration of these principles into novel methodology casts doubt on the linear model of contemporary economic and urban systems, which includes extraction, production, utilization, and disposal. In the development of a distinctive urban framework known as circular urban metabolism, the current study has illustrated the application of these principles. We design this study to motivate urban planners and decision-makers to investigate, develop, and supervise ecologically sustainable cities. Scholars from a variety of academic disciplines, intrigued by the intricacies of urban planning, design, and administration, can foster interdisciplinary collaboration in the circular urban metabolism (CUM) region. To address the research question, we implemented a bibliometric analysis, which involved the examination of 627 pertinent research papers, utilizing the R (R 3.6.0+) statistical programming language. The results emphasize the fundamental characteristics and significance of CUM in the management of refuse. In addition, the findings underscore the importance of creating a novel framework that incorporates the principles of urban political ecology, CUM, sustainability, and the novel dimension of waste metabolism. It is the goal of this framework to emphasize the significance of recycling in the informal sector as a waste management strategy in low- and medium-income countries (LMICs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote driving, a well‐matured technology in various industries, is relatively new to the railway sector but appears to be a promising solution for achieving advanced automation, especially for conventional trains. The shift from traditional in‐cab driving to automated train operation, especially remote operations is a complex and ongoing process, with laboratory and field tests being conducted to examine its viability. This transition presents numerous areas that require further investigation and development. This study delves into these unexplored areas, examining various metrics that could be pivotal during the introduction of railway remote driving. The research adopts a mixed‐method approach, employing a triangulation technique in data collection to address the research question on performance indicators for railway remote driving. Through an extensive literature review, benchmarking, and expert surveys, the study pinpoints several performance indicators crucial for assessing the operational effectiveness of remote railway operations. The developed indicators were validated using the two‐round Delphi method, with 9 out of 13 being deemed essential by the panel of experts. The list of these indicators is the key finding in the study. They are: latency, data transfer rate, cybersecurity measures, video quality and camera stability, perception, system integration, permanent connection check, driver vitality check, and organizational aspects. The study contributes to filling the existing research gap and serve as a cockpit or instrumental panel in the implementation of remote operations, thus facilitating the transition towards more automated and remotely operated systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While much innovation work is focused on pragmatic product concepts that solve a problem, at times the goal is instead to set out a vision for possible products of the future, such as with "concept cars" in automotive firms or the work of corporate innovation labs. Visionary product concepts—conveyed by verbal descriptions and visual prototypes—provide ideas from which subsequent innovations will be developed. The paradoxical tensions for these concepts are that they need to be open to incomplete convergence to a large set of ideas while still being coherent, and they must integrate both novelty and feasibility. Our exploratory research questions were: What practices support the generation of visionary product concepts? What are the relationships among the ideas that result? We studied 10 teams developing visionary product concepts and examined the links they made between ideas, discovering differences in network structure among them. Effective visionary concepts relied on three practices that together shifted from initial ideas, tightly linked novel ideas, and selectively integrated ideas for coherence. We contribute an understanding of visionary product concept generation practices that help to integrate paradoxical tensions between openness and coherence, and novelty and feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the strategies developed by Italian Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) initiatives to de-commodify, de-instrumentalise and de-monetise labour in their attempt to prefigure alternatives to dominant capitalist agri-food systems. To do so we answer the following research questions: What type of strategies do these CSA initiatives employ to that end? What insights can be gained as regards the potential and barriers to fuller and more accomplished post-capitalist labour management within CSA initiatives? Data were collected through a participatory action research project involving 16 Italian CSAs, participant observation in meetings of CSA initiatives and the Italian CSA Network, and official documents collection. Across the three crucial moments considered in this study, we observe substantial difficulties in realising post-capitalist labour management as the initiatives are constrained by external requirements (e.g., legislation) and also internally by members' weakness in implementing the CSA model due to their remaining integrated in the capitalist system. These findings point to the importance for CSA initiatives of deepening the collective process of deliberate deconstruction of valuation logics and predefined roles, as well as legal frameworks to find ways to enable the realisation of post-capitalist labour management. In this regard, we also suggest that the Italian CSA Network could play a more active role in addressing some of the internal and external factors hindering the consolidation of CSA initiatives and the manifestation of their transformative role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen (ZIB) is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper focuses on exploring the transition South African learners make from Grade 7 to Grade 8, emphasising the experiences of teachers, parents and learners in two school cultures during this transition phase. This qualitative exploratory research project was placed in a constructivist research paradigm. The data were systematically analysed in an exploratory and interpretative way by identifying segments responsive to our research questions. The participants in the two purposively selected South African schools included a voluntary sample of 12 teachers, 19 parents, and 19 learners in Grade 8 using the draw-and-write technique and focus group interviews with each learner group based on the interpretation of their drawings. Focus group interviews were also conducted with a small group of the parents and teachers of the Grade 8 learners in the two schools, and individual interviews were conducted with the school principals. Findings indicate some common ground but also qualitative differences between the two schools with specific reference to the quality of educational opportunities and socio-emotional challenges that may influence social inequalities in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of violent incidents in South African schools has sparked widespread concern. Most studies on school violence focus on the experiences of learners; little attention has been paid to educators' experiences. As a result, violence against educators is both underreported and understudied. The research question prompting this study was: What are educators' experiences of educatordirected violence (EDV) at secondary schools in Soweto, Gauteng? Social learning theory and ecological systems theory serve as the theoretical underpinnings of the study. The study adopted a qualitative phenomenological approach, with data obtained from open-ended questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with 100 purposively selected educators from eight secondary schools in Soweto. All the participants (principals, deputies, department heads, novice and veteran educators) had personally experienced educator-directed violence. Attacks were committed against educators of both genders and all educational ranks. The violence took a variety of forms: verbal, physical, sexual, cyber-related, relational exclusion (stigmatisation and marginalisation), and theft and property destruction, both of which caused emotional distress. Male educators were more likely to be physically attacked than female educators, and female educators were more likely to be sexually and verbally attacked. The findings show that, despite the safeguards put in place by the Department of Education, educator-directed violence is on the rise in Soweto classrooms. We recommend that the Department of Education reconsider its approach to addressing EDV in schools; that educators receive regular training to improve their capacities and violence-mitigation strategies; and counselling be considered for educators who have experienced traumatic incidents. Finally, policies should be modified to assist with reducing violent incidents, and appropriate mechanisms should be devised for dealing with repeat offenders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation process of the procurement strategy requires consensus among internal stakeholders. An effective procurement strategy aligns with specific business requirements and accommodates the individual introversion of internal stakeholders. From the latter, we formulate our research question: How is the classification of internal procurement stakeholders designed in the validation of the procurement strategy? The research objective is to present the result in the form of a schematic description and a recommendation for a communication strategy, based on insights from existing theoretical knowledge and the formulation of professional references. Nominal Group Technique (NGT) with 13 participants has been applied to analyze viewpoints on procurement functions. To ensure reliability and validity, Cronbach's alpha test, Spearman coefficient, and t-tests have been used. Study categorizes internal procurement stakeholders into four groups based on their stance towards strategy implementation: positive, cautiously positive, negatively independent, and negative stake-holders. For each group, we recommend a tailored communication strategy that includes elements such as informing, guiding, motivating, and providing credible data. The research results offer important insights into the dynamics among organizational stakeholders and how communication impacts the success of strategy implementation. We have found that under-standing and adapting to various types of stakeholders are crucial for success, from those highly involved and positively inclined to those with the potential to oppose or hinder implementation. Employing specific communication strategies for each group can significantly enhance the chances of successful implementation and sustainable execution of strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa, & the Middle East is the property of Duke University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The availability of clinical trial data, advocacy, and increased funding has facilitated the implementation of pharmacometrics in Africa, resulting in the establishment of additional training programs for pharmacometricians. This study conducted a systematic review to evaluate the progress made from the implementation of pharmacometrics in clinical drug development and its adoption into drug approval by regulatory authorities in Africa. We performed a comprehensive literature search using major databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. The study included articles published until 2024, with no lower cutoff. Articles were excluded if not addressing the research question or of pharmacometrics studies done outside Africa with no collaboration with African researchers (study setting). For the review, a total of 121 articles were included for analysis. Among the reported pharmacometrics approaches, Population pharmacokinetics modeling approaches are the most used (95 (78.5%)). South Africa and Uganda researchers have the most research output in pharmacometrics in Africa (82 (89.1%) and 7 (7.61%), respectively), with the University of Cape Town (South Africa) producing the highest (71 (78.8%)) of all article in Africa. The most studied conditions are TB (43 (35.5%)), HIV (33 (27.3%), TB and HIV (22 (18.2%)), and malaria (12 (9.92%). Pharmacometrics is gaining momentum in Africa, and the progress made since inception will significantly improve the safety and efficacy of therapeutic agents used to treat HIV, TB, and other emerging conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abdominal organs play a significant role in regulating various functional systems. Any impairment in its functioning can lead to cancerous diseases. Diagnosing these diseases mainly relies on radiologists' subjective assessment, which varies according to professional abilities and clinical experience. Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system is designed to assist clinicians in identifying various pathological changes. Hence, automatic pancreas segmentation is a vital input to the CAD system in the diagnosis of cancer at its early stages. Automatic segmentation is achieved through traditional methods like atlas-based and statistical models, and nowadays, it is achieved through artificial intelligence approaches like machine learning and deep learning using various imaging modalities. This study investigates and analyses the various state-of-the-art multi-organ and pancreas segmentation approaches to identify the research gaps and future perspectives for the research community. The objective is achieved by framing the research questions using the PICOC framework and then selecting 140 research articles using a systematic process through the Covidence tool to conclude the answers to the respective questions. The literature search has been conducted on five databases of original studies published from 2003 to 2023. Initially, the literature analysis is presented in terms of publication, and the comparative analysis of the current study is presented with existing review studies. Then, existing studies are analyzed, focusing on semi-automatic and automatic multi-organ segmentation and pancreas segmentation, using various learning methods. Finally, the various critical issues, the research gaps and the future perspectives of segmentation methods based on published evidence are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The living lab (LL) concept has a significant potential to drive sustainable development, particularly in the bioeconomy sector, by assisting communities in improving their quality of life whilst also considering the environmental impact. In this context, the main research question was the following: is there any specific mechanism through which living labs operate under the sustainable development concept? We reviewed 120 papers addressing this topic and performed a bibliometric analysis on the linkage between sustainability and living labs by applying the methodology of a systematic review. We concluded that living labs can drive innovation and experimentation in sustainability, which can be transposed into tangible solutions to economic, environmental, and social problems. The role of living labs in the transition to a bioeconomy is discussed and further research directions are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High school students face a complex decision when selecting their future higher education institution. This paper examines the factors influencing the university choices of Hungarian high school students in Romania, with a particular focus on a website that aids them in the decision-making process. The research questions address the criteria they employ to choose a higher education institution, the language they use to gather information, and the role of a Hungarian-language university site in facilitating their decision. The aim of the research is to map the university choice habits of the target audience, exploring aspects such as the importance of the Hungarian language, the significance of studying locally, and the availability of information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article highlights the integration of qualitative perspectives into the traditionally quantitative domain of large-scale studies and explores how mixed methods can overcome the limitations of predefined datasets. Different purposes for integrating qualitative perspectives before, during, and after LSAs are presented. Two examples are used to illustrate the potential and challenges of re-analyzing existing data from a qualitative perspective. Therefore, this article argues that the integration of qualitative perspectives can provide new empirical insights, allowing researchers to explore new patterns, address research gaps, and reframe theoretical foundations. In this way, mixed methods can enhance the scope of LSA data analysis, making it more adaptable to complex educational research questions and enriching the overall research process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research synthesis, highlighting the middle level curriculum, was created as part of a working group within the American Education Research Association (AERA) Middle level Education Research Special Interest Group (MLER SIG) to advance middle level education research. The literature review that informed this research synthesis included middle level-focused, peer-reviewed journal articles from 2016 to the present. Synthesis of the literature and iterative analysis led to organizing a middle level curriculum framework to inform middle level researchers, which included five focused areas for inquiry: (a) the curriculum and equity of experience and opportunity; (b) stakeholder power and the curriculum (development, implementation, and accountability); (c) goals and purposes for the curriculum; (d) teacher learning, roles, and enactment related to the curriculum; and (e) young adolescent well-being and experiences with the curriculum. Twenty-six research questions were developed to support new research in middle level curriculum; each question was cross-referenced with the five categories in the middle level curriculum framework to create a robust starting point for research questions. Recommendations for middle level research include (a) the need for more longitudinal research studies focusing on varying aspects of middle level education, (b) the need for more large-scale research studies examining the same context (e.g., school) or multiple contexts (e.g., school districts) over time, and (c) the need for the MLER SIG to initiate and support research studies addressing one or more aspects of this research agenda and include large-scale data collection and potentially external funding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a synthesis on computing identity and the experiences of women and minoritized populations in computing and computer science in higher education. Examining computing identity and its role in the computing experiences of minoritized undergraduates can help us better understand ways to engage and support women and minoritized individuals in the computing field thus increasing participation and persistence of these groups in computing. In this article, we present a review of research literature on computing identity within the experiences of women and minoritized undergraduate students in computing. The research questions guiding this work are: (1) What research literature exists about computing identity?, (2) According to existing literature, what are the experiences of women and racially minoritized undergraduates in computing (e.g., persons who identify as Black, Hispanic/Latinx, Indigenous people)?, and (3) What theoretical frameworks are used to guide existing computing identity literature? Emergent themes include the need to focus on exposure to computing, persistence, career expectations, and engagement. While there is no consensus on a computer identity framework, there is research guided by social cognitive career theory, social identity theory, and practice theory. We conclude that computing identity, including its multiple conceptualizations, offers multiple opportunities for informing and broadening participation of minoritized populations in computing. Future research should include further conceptual exploration of computing identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]