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Greenbodies of SmCoO prior to conversion to SmCo5 and magnetometry showing excellent hard magnetic properties, resilient to >600 °C.

Pediatric olecranon fractures can be treated with several methods of fixation. Though postoperative outcomes of various fixation techniques, including cannulated intramedullary screws, have been described in adults, functional and radiographic outcomes of screw fixation in pediatric patients are unclear. In this study, we assessed clinical, radiographic, functional, and patient-reported outcomes of pediatric olecranon fractures treated with compression screw fixation.We retrospectively identified 37 patients aged 16 years or younger with a total of 40 olecranon fractures treated with screw fixation at our level-1 trauma center between April 2005 and April 2022. From medical records, we extracted data on demographic characteristics, time to radiographic union, range of elbow motion at final follow-up, and complications during the follow-up period. Patient-reported outcomes were evaluated using the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Pediatric Upper Extremity Short Form 8a measures.There were no malunions or nonunions at the final mean follow-up of 140 days (range, 26 to 614 d). Four patients had implant failure (11%), of whom 3 experienced fracture union with no loss of fixation or need for revision surgery. One patient underwent a revision for fracture malreduction. Screw prominence was documented in 1 patient. Instrumentation was removed at our institution for 33 of 40 fractures. Mean time to radiographic union was 53 days (range, 20 to 168 d). Postoperative range of motion at the most recent follow-up visit showed a mean extension deficit of 6 degrees (range, 0-30 degrees) and mean flexion of 134 degrees (range, 60-150 degrees). At the final follow-up, the mean (±SD) Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score was 4.2±8.0, and the mean Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System score was 37±1.5, indicating good function and patient satisfaction.All 37 patients in our series had excellent radiographic, functional, and patient-reported outcomes after screw fixation. We observed no cases of nonunion or malunion, growth disturbance, or refracture. These results suggest that screw fixation is a safe and effective option for pediatric olecranon fractures.Level IV, case series.

IMPORTANCE: Novel toxicity metrics that account for all AE grades and frequency of events within a grade may enhance toxicity reporting in clinical trials. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility of using the Toxicity Index (TI) methodology in two prospective anal cancer trials, and to evaluate whether more conformal radiation (using IMRT) results in improved toxicity as measured by the TI. DESIGN: Ancillary analysis of two prospective trials SETTING: Data from 2 NRG multicenter trials PARTICIPANTS: Patients with stage II-III anal cancer treated with definitive 5-FU/MMC and concurrent IMRT as part of the NRG/RTOG 0529 trial (12/2006–3/2008) or nonconformal RT enrolled on NRG/RTOG 9811 (10/1998–6/2005). EXPOSURES: All patients received chemoradiation with 5-FU/Mitomycin using IMRT or nonconformal RT. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The TI for all adverse events and for combined Gastrointestinal (GI)/Genitourinary (GU)/Hematologic (Heme)/Dermatologic (Derm) events in patients treated with nonconformal RT on the 5-FU/MMC arm of NRG/RTOG 9811 were compared to patients treated with IMRT on NRG/RTOG 0529. Multi-variable probabilistic models controlling for demographic predictors of TI were evaluated. RESULTS: Fifty one patients were treated with IMRT on NRG/RTOG 0529 and 324 on the standard 5-FU/MMC arm of NRG/RTOG 9811. Patients treated on NRG/RTOG 0529 had lower median TI compared to patients treated with nonconformal RT on NRG/RTOG 9811 for combined GI/GU/Heme/Derm events [3.935 vs 3.996, P=0.014]. Median TI in patients requiring a treatment break was higher than those patients not requiring a break [4.00 vs 3.937, P

The COVID-19 pandemic affected pediatric fracture injury patterns and volume. There is a paucity of research evaluating this trend throughout the pandemic and also follow-up to orthopaedic subspecialty care after emergency fracture management.This retrospective cohort study reviewed patients 2 to 18 years of age presenting for fracture care to an urban pediatric emergency department. We assessed patient demographics, clinical care, and follow-up to surgical subspecialist. Time periods investigated included March 30 to September 4, 2020 (pandemic), March 30 to September 4, 2019, and March 30 to September 4, 2018 (prepandemic). Subanalysis within the pandemic was during the "stay-at-home order" verses the phased re-opening of the state. Descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson's χ 2 or Fisher exact tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed.In this population, fractures overall declined by 40% (n=211) during the pandemic compared with 2019 (n=349) and 28% compared with 2018 (n=292). Lower extremity fractures accounted for a greater percentage of injuries during the pandemic compared with prepandemic. Time to surgical subspecialty follow-up was shortest during the 2020 pandemic peak at 9 days and was significantly longer during phased reopening (phase 1: 18 d, P =0.001; phase 2: 14 d, P =0.005). These patterns were also consistent for days to repeat imaging.We found differences in fracture prevalence, mechanisms, and follow-up care during the pandemic. Time to subspecialty follow-up care was longer during pandemic phased reopening despite overall fewer fractures. Plans to absorb postponed visits and efficiently engage redeployed staff may be necessary to address difficulties in follow-up orthopaedic management during public health crises.Level II.

In this research, the rice hull and coconut hull from agriculture waste were investigated. The lignin content within the rice and coconut hull were determined before and after pre-treatment. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) used to predict the optimal condition for the treatments and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) to identify the lignin content. The interaction of NaOH concentration, contact time (CT), and sample weight was investigated to optimize the lignin removal percentage (%). The correlation coefficient, R2 for a quadratic model of rice hull lignin removal was 0.8863 while for coconut hull lignin removal in the linear model was 0.7998, as well as the 2FI model was 0.8892. The optimum condition for rice hull lignin removal predicted by RSM were10 M NaOH concentration, 1-hour CT and 0.5 g sample produced 32.45% lignin removal. While for coconut hull lignin removal were 10 M NaOH concentration, 12 hours CT, 0.5 g sample produced 59.47% removal of lignin. Results show that alkaline pre-treated rice hull and coconut hull able to be used to remove higher percentage of lignin.

Objective. To assess the practice and technique of using a protective mask (surgical mask) in older adults. Methods: A convenience sample of 287 older adults aged >65 years were recruited between January and February 2017 when there was no respiratory epidemic. Their practice and technique of using a mask were assessed using a questionnaire and an observational checklist, respectively. Results: Older adults' practice and technique of using a mask were unsatisfactory. 30.1% and 26.9% indicated that they never wear a mask when taking care of family members with fever and respiratory infection, respectively. None could correctly perform all 12 steps in wearing and taking off a mask. 92.3%, 96.6%, and 93.7% did not perform hand hygiene before wearing and taking off the mask and after disposing of the mask, respectively. Conclusion: Compliance of older adults with wearing masks during a non-epidemic period was low. The commonly omitted steps of wearing and taking off a mask were related to hand hygiene. We recommend using the knowledge-attitude-practice model to rectify misconceptions and strengthen awareness on the use of masks in the required situations and on commonly omitted or incorrectly performed techniques.

Fully synthetic peptoid membranes are known to mimic important features of biological membranes, with several advantages over other biomimetic membranes. A fundamental understanding of how the individual peptoid amphiphiles assemble in solution to form the bilayer membrane is key to unlocking their versatility for application in a broad range of processes. In this study, in situ X-ray scattering and molecular dynamics simulations are used to understand the early stages of assembly of three different peptoids that exhibit distinctly different crystallization kinetics. The in situ measurements reveal that the peptoids aggregate first into a nascent phase that is less crystalline than the assembled peptoid membrane. Anisotropic aromatic interactions are determined to be the dominant driving force in the early stages of membrane formation. These results provide key insights into how the peptoid assembly may be manipulated during the early stages of assembly and nucleation and growth.

In-home detention tethers are an intermediate, correctional sanction that have become popular alternatives to detention or incarceration. However, there is limited research on whether in-home deten...

Purpose: The literature indicates that engaging fathers in family therapy improves children’s mental health outcomes; however, clinicians are generally ill prepared for this challenge. Method: This qualitative study applies multiple case-study design to focus group data addressing social worker’s training experiences and attitudes toward involving fathers in therapy. Results: From an analysis of qualitative data from 14 social workers in training, three themes are discussed: (1) clinician exposure to nonresident fathers and their perceptions of the role of fathers in families, (2) barriers experienced in engaging fathers in the therapeutic process, and (3) training to work with nonresident fathers. Discussion: The themes are discussed with sample responses from representative participants and training areas. The findings suggest areas of focus for clinician training and practice such as modeling in session strategies, providing supervision and consultation, adjusting institutional policy, and offering additional course work and seminars that encourage and scaffold father engagement.

Recent high-profile incidents involving the deadly application of force in the United States sparked worldwide protests and renewed scrutiny of police practices as well as scrutiny of relations between police officers and minoritized communities. In this report, we consider the inappropriate use of force by police from the perspective of behavioral and social science inquiry related to aggression, violence, and intergroup relations. We examine the inappropriate use of force by police in the context of research on modern policing as well as critical race theory and offer five recommendations suggested by contemporary theory and research. Our recommendations are aimed at policymakers, law enforcement administrators, and scholars and are as follows: (1) Implement public policies that can reduce inappropriate use of force directly and through the reduction of broader burdens on the routine activities of police officers. (2) For officers frequently engaged in use-of-force incidents, ensure that best practice, evidence-based treatments are available and required. (3) Improve and increase the quality and delivery of noncoercive conflict resolution training for all officers, along with police administrative policies and supervision that support alternatives to the use of force, both while scaling back the militarization of police departments. (4) Continue the development and evaluation of multicomponent interventions for police departments, but ensure they incorporate evidence-based, field-tested components. (5) Expand research in the behavioral and social sciences aimed at understanding and managing use-of-force by police and reducing its disproportionate impact on minoritized communities, and expand funding for these lines of inquiry.

Background Postoperative ipsilateral anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears after tibial eminence fracture fixation has been previously noted in the literature. This study aims to describe the prevalence of and risk factors for postoperative ACL tears in a cohort of patients operatively treated for tibial eminence fracture. Methods A retrospective review of children undergoing treatment of a tibial eminence fracture at 10 tertiary care children's hospitals was performed. The primary outcome of interest was subsequent ACL rupture. Incidence of ACL tear was recorded for the entire cohort. Patients who sustained a postoperative ACL tear were compared with those without ACL tear and analyzed for demographics and risk factors. A subgroup analysis was performed on patients with a minimum of 2-year follow-up data or those who had met the primary outcome (ACL tear) before 2 years. Results A total of 385 pediatric patients were reviewed. 2.6% of the cohort experienced a subsequent ACL tear. The median follow-up time was 6.5 months (SD=6.4 mo). Subsequent ACL tears occurred at a median of 10.2 months (SD=19.5 mo) postoperatively. There was a statistically significant association with higher grade tibial spine fractures (Myers and McKeever type III and IV) and subsequent ACL tear (P=0.01). Patients with a subsequent ACL tear were older on average (13.5 vs. 12.2 y old), however, this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.08). Subgroup analysis of 46 patients who had a 2-year follow-up or sustained an ACL tear before 2 years showed a 21.7% incidence of a subsequent ACL tear. There was a statistically significant association with higher grade tibial spine fractures (Myers and McKeever type III and IV) and subsequent ACL rupture (P=0.006) in this subgroup. Postoperative ACL tears occurred in patients who were older at the time that they sustained their original tibial eminence fracture (13.4 vs. 11.3 y old, P=0.035). Conclusions Ipsilateral ACL tears following operatively treated pediatric tibial eminence fractures in a large multicenter cohort occurred at a rate of 2.6%. However, in those with at least 2 years of follow-up, the incidence was 21.7%. Subsequent ACL tear was more likely in those with completely displaced (type III or IV) tibial eminence fractures and older patients. Level of evidence Level III-retrospective cohort study.

Grapefruit trees in South Africa have been cross protected against severe stem pitting genotypes of

The 3D chemical structure (4D spectromicroscopy) of nanoporous Al2O3 aerogels coated with ZnO by atomic layer deposition (ALD) was studied by multienergy scanning transmission X-ray microscopy. The...

Here we report the development of a new scalable and transferable plasma assisted atomic layer deposition (PEALD) process for the production of uniform, conformal and pinhole free NiO with sub-nanometre control on a commercial ALD reactor. In this work we use the readily available nickel precursor nickelocene in conjunction with O2 plasma as a co-reagent (100 W) over a temperature range of 75–325 °C. An optimised growth per cycle of 0.036 nm was obtained at 250 °C with uniform thickness and coverage on scale-up to and including an 6 inch Si wafer (with a 200 nm thermal SiO2 top layer). The bulk characteristics of the NiO thin films were comprehensively interrogated by PXRD, Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy and XPS. The new NiO process was subsequently used to fabricate a 3D nanostructured NiO/TiO2/FTO heterojunction by depositing 20 nm of NiO onto pre-fashioned TiO2 nanorods at 250 °C for application in the photo-electrolysis of water in a photoelectrochemical cell (PEC). The NiO/TiO2 3D array was shown to possess a peak current of 0.38 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE when stimulated with a one sun lamp.

Photo-generated high-energy surface states can help to produce chlorine in aqueous environments. Here, aligned rutile (TiO2) nanocrystal arrays are grown onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates and activated either by hydrothermal Sr/Ba surface doping and/or by vacuum-annealing. With vacuum-annealing, highly photoactive films are obtained with photocurrents of typically 8 mA cm−2 at 1.0 V vs. SCE in 1 M KCl (LED illumination with λ = 385 nm and approx. 100 mW cm−2). Photoelectrochemical chlorine production is demonstrated at proof-of-concept scale in 4 M NaCl and suggested to be linked mainly to the production of Ti(III) surface species by vacuum-annealing, as detected by post-catalysis XPS, rather than to Sr/Ba doping at the rutile surface. The vacuum-annealing treatment is proposed to beneficially affect (i) bulk semiconductor TiO2 nanocrystal properties and electron harvesting, (ii) surface TiO2 reactivity towards chloride adsorption and oxidation, and (iii) FTO substrate performance.

Background: There is a high rate of concomitant injuries reported in pediatric patients with tibial spine fractures, ranging from 40% to 68.8%. Many tibial spine fractures are treated without initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Purpose: To understand rates of concomitant injury and if the reported rates of these injuries differed among patients with and without pretreatment MRI. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; level of evidence, 3. Methods: We performed an institutional review board–approved multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients treated for tibial spine fractures between January 1, 2000, and January 31, 2019, at 10 institutions. Patients younger than 25 years of age with tibial spine fractures were included. Data were collected on patient characteristics, injury, orthopaedic history, pretreatment physical examination and imaging, and operative findings. We excluded patients with multiple trauma and individuals with additional lower extremity fractures. Patients were categorized into 2 groups: those with and those without pretreatment MRI. The incidence of reported concomitant injuries was then compared between groups. Results: There were 395 patients with a tibial spine fracture who met inclusion criteria, 139 (35%) of whom were reported to have a clinically significant concomitant injury. Characteristics and fracture patterns were similar between groups. Of patients with pretreatment MRI, 79 of 176 (45%) had an identified concomitant injury, whereas only 60 of 219 patients (27%) without pretreatment MRI had a reported concomitant injury ( P < .001). There was a higher rate of lateral meniscal tears ( P < .001) in patients with pretreatment MRI than in those without. However, there was a higher rate of soft tissue entrapment at the fracture bed ( P = .030) in patients without pretreatment MRI. Overall, 121 patients (87%) with a concomitant injury required at least 1 treatment. Conclusion: Patients with pretreatment MRI had a statistically significantly higher rate of concomitant injury identified. Pretreatment MRI should be considered in the evaluation of tibial spine fractures to improve the identification of concomitant injuries, especially in patients who may otherwise be treated nonoperatively or with closed reduction. Further studies are necessary to refine the indications for MRI in patients with tibial spine fractures, determine the characteristics of patients at highest risk of having a concomitant injury, define the sensitivity and specificity of MRI in tibial spine fractures, and investigate patient outcomes based on pretreatment MRI status.

Background:Tibial spine fractures (TSFs) are relatively rare pediatric injuries. Postoperative arthrofibrosis remains the most common complication, with few studies having examined factors associated with its development.Purpose:To identify risk factors for arthrofibrosis and required MUA or lysis of adhesions in the largest known cohort of patients with TSFs.Study Design:Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:This was a multicenter study of 249 patients ≤18 years old who had a TSF between January 2000 and February 2019. Patients were separated into cohorts based on whether they developed arthrofibrosis, defined as a 10° deficit in extension and/or 25° deficit in flexion at postoperative 3 months or a return to the operating room for manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) and/or lysis of adhesions.Results:A total of 58 (23.3%) patients developed postoperative arthrofibrosis, with 19 (7.6%) requiring a return to the operating room for MUA. Patients with arthrofibrosis were younger (mean ± SD, 11.3 ± 2.7 vs 12.3 ± 2.8 years; P = .029). They were more likely to have a nonsport, trauma-related injury (65.4% vs 32.1%; P < .001) and a concomitant ACL injury (10.3% vs 1.1%; P = .003). Those with arthrofibrosis had longer operative times (135.0 vs 114.8 minutes; P = .006) and were more likely to have been immobilized in a cast postoperatively (30.4% vs 16.6%; P = .043). In multivariate regression, concomitant anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury (odds ratio [OR], 20.0; P = .001), traumatic injury (OR, 3.8; P < .001), age Conclusion:Surgeons should be cognizant of arthrofibrosis risk in younger patients with concomitant ACL tears and traumatic injuries not resulting from athletics. Furthermore, postoperative immobilization in a cast should be avoided given the high risk of arthrofibrosis. Concomitant ACL injury is associated with a higher return to the operating room for MUA.

Juvenile court practitioners and researchers have recently gained interest in evaluating internal and external strengths, or protective factors. Some scholars assert that incorporating measures of strengths into the risk assessment process can increase the accuracy of identifying odds of recidivating. Relatively few juvenile risk assessment validation studies have evaluated the predictive validity of strengths. This study employed a diverse sample ( N = 278) of juveniles under supervision in a Midwestern court. The Protective Factors for Reducing Juvenile Reoffending (PFRJR) significantly predicted recidivism for the total sample, males, and White youth. There was no evidence of differential predictive validity across gender; however, strengths predicted differently across race/ethnicity. Strengths did not increase the amount of variance explained in recidivism after accounting for the variance explained by risk factor scores. Findings contribute to the paucity of validation studies that investigated the differential and incremental predictive validity of strengths.

This study described the development of the Protective Factors for Reducing Juvenile Reoffending (PFRJR), a strengths-based measure to assess responsivity, guide case management, and potentially predict desistance. The study employed two diverse independent samples: a construction sample ( N = 278) and a validation sample ( N = 265) of juveniles under court supervision in a Midwestern juvenile court. Factor analyses revealed two factors—the Individual/Community domain includes items that measure prosocial attitudes and perceived access to resources in the community; the Family domain includes items that measure prosocial involvement with family and peers. The PFRJR had good model fit, strong internal consistency, and is related to risk in the theoretically appropriate direction. This research highlights the practicability of incorporating a strengths-based measure into traditional risk assessment procedures within an applied setting and contributes to the paucity of risk assessment research that examines strengths-based theoretical models and assessment protocols.

In the 2020 Final Rule, the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services adopted a new coding structure and accepted the substantial increase in valuation for office/outpatient Evaluation and Management codes set to begin in 2021. Given budget neutrality requirements, the projected increase in reimbursement will require a reduction in the conversion factor to offset such increases. The aim is to inform neuroradiologists the impact of these proposed changes on reimbursement and the profession.

Legacy for Children™ (Legacy) is an evidence-based program focused on promoting sensitive, responsive parenting for socioeconomically disadvantaged families. Legacy has recently been culturally and linguistically adapted for Spanish-monolingual Latino families and is being piloted in partnership with an early childhood education program. We conducted a mixed methods study to identify barriers and facilitators to engagement, using program monitoring data sources from both participant and group leader perspectives. We conducted qualitative analyses of open-ended data to identify distinct barriers (e.g., employment challenges, health-related challenges and appointments) and facilitators (e.g., other mothers in group, interest in program topics) to engagement that emerged across English and Spanish language curriculum versions; curriculum-specific barriers and facilitators were also documented. We interpret these findings in light of quantitative data on measures of engagement, showing that participants in the Spanish curriculum evidenced comparable levels of parent-group leader relationship quality relative to the English group, and higher levels of parent's group support/connectedness and overall satisfaction. These results offer promising considerations for optimizing families' engagement in parenting programs in the context of early care and education settings.Legado para los Niños™ (Legado) es un programa basado en la evidencia que se centra en promover una crianza sensible y susceptible para familias con desventajas socioeconómicas. Recientemente, Legado se ha adaptado cultural y lingüísticamente para familias Latinas en las que sólo se habla español, y está siendo puesto en práctica experimental en asociación con un programa de educación en la temprana niñez. Llevamos a cabo un estudio con una variedad mixta de métodos para identificar obstáculos y promotores para ser incluidos usando recursos de información de la supervisión del programa provenientes de las perspectivas tanto de participantes como de líderes de grupo. Realizamos análisis cuantitativos de información no limitada de antemano para identificar diferentes obstáculos (v.g. dificultades de empleo, dificultades y citas relacionadas con la salud) y promotores (v.g. otras madres en el grupo, interés en los temas del programa) para ser incluidos los cuales surgieron a lo largo de las versiones curriculares del inglés y del español; también se documentaron los obstáculos y promotores relacionados con el currículo específico. Interpretamos estos resultados a la luz de la información cuantitativa sobre medidas de participación, mostrando que los participantes en el currículo en español demostraron comparables niveles de calidad de la relación progenitor-líder de grupo en relación con el grupo de inglés, y más altos niveles de apoyo del grupo a los progenitores y satisfacción en general. Estos resultados ofrecen consideraciones prometedoras para lograr una óptima participación de las familias en programas de crianza en el contexto de escenarios de cuidado y educación tempranos.Le programme Legacy for ChildrenTeilnahme von Eltern an einem originalen und einem kulturell adaptierten, evidenzbasierten Elternprogramm: "Vermächtnis für Kinder“ „Vermächtnis für Kinder“ (Legacy) ist ein evidenzbasiertes Programm zur Förderung sensibler, responsiver Erziehung für sozioökonomisch benachteiligte Familien. Legacy wurde vor kurzem kulturell und sprachlich für einsprachig-spanische Latino-Familien angepasst und wird in Zusammenarbeit mit einem frühkindlichen Bildungsprogramm pilotiert. Wir haben eine gemischte Methodenstudie durchgeführt, um Barrieren und vereinfachende Faktoren für eine Teilnahme zu identifizieren. Dafür haben wir zur Programmüberwachung Datenquellen sowohl aus Sicht der Teilnehmenden als auch der Gruppenleitenden verwendet. Wir haben qualitative Analysen offener Daten durchgeführt, um bestimmte Barrieren (z. B. berufliche Schwierigkeiten, gesundheitliche Probleme und Terminierung) und vereinfachende Faktoren (z. B. andere Mütter in der Gruppe, Interesse an Programmthemen) für eine Teilnahme zu identifizieren, die sich in der englischen und der spanischen Version des Curriculums abzeichneten. Curriculumsspezifische Barrieren und vereinfachende Faktoren wurden ebenfalls dokumentiert. Wir interpretieren diese Ergebnisse angesichts quantitativer Daten zur Teilnahme und zeigen, dass die Teilnehmenden am spanischen Curriculum im Vergleich zur englischen Gruppe eine vergleichbare Qualität der Beziehung zwischen Eltern und Gruppenleitenden sowie eine höhere Unterstützung / Verbundenheit und allgemeine Zufriedenheit unter den Eltern aufweisen. Diese Ergebnisse bieten vielversprechende Überlegungen zur Optimierung der Beteiligung von Familien an Erziehungsprogrammen im Kontext von Frühförderung und Bildung.オリジナルで、文化的に改変されたエビデンスに基づく子育てプログラム−レガ シー・フォー・チルドレンTM−に対する親の関与度 レガシー・フォー・チルドレンTM(Legacy)は、 社会経済的に恵まれない家族の ための繊細で応答的な子育てを促進することに焦点を置いたエビデンスに基づく プログラムである。Legacyは最近、スペイン語だけを使用するラテンアメリカ系 の家族のために、文化的言語的に改変され、幼児教育プログラムと共に試験的に 実施された。我々は、参加者とグループリーダーのそれぞれの視点からの、プロ グラムをモニタリングしたデータソースを使って、関与度に関しての障壁要素と 促進要素を同定するために混合研究法を使った。英語版とスペイン語版のカリキ ュラムにまたがって表れた関与度に関する明確な障壁要素 (例:雇用の課題、健 康の課題と予約に関する課題) と促進要素 (例:グループの中の他の母親達、プ ログラムのテーマに対する興味) を同定するために、自由回答のデータの定性分 析を行った。それぞれのカリキュラムに特有の障壁要素と促進要素も記録された。 これらの結果を、関与度を測定した定量データに照らして解釈した。その結果、 スペイン語のカリキュラムへの参加者は、英語のグループと比較して、親とグル ープリーダーの関係性の質は同等レベルであり、親のグループのサポート／つな がりと全体的な満足度はより高いレベルであることが証明されたことを示した。 これらの結果は、幼児教育・保育の設定の文脈において子育てプログラムにおけ る家族の関与度を最適化するための有望な考慮事項を提供している。.“儿童传承”是一项循证项目, 致力于推动社会经济上处于弱势的家庭开展体贴的、积极的育儿方式。该项目最近在文化和语言上适合了西班牙语单语的拉丁裔家庭, 并且正在与一个幼儿教育计划合作进行试点。我们进行了一项混合方法研究, 从参与者和小组负责人的角度, 利用项目监控数据源, 确定参与的障碍和促进因素。我们对开放式数据进行了定性分析, 以确定英语和西班牙语课程版本中明显的参与障碍 (例如, 就业挑战, 与健康相关的挑战和任命) 和促进 (例如, 小组中的其他母亲, 对项目主题感兴趣) 因素;课程特定的障碍和促进因素也被记录在案。我们根据参与度的量化数据来解释这些发现。结果表明, 西班牙语课程的参与者在育儿小组的领导关系质量方面与英语组的参与者水平相当, 并且其育儿的小组支持、沟通以及整体满意度更高。这些结果为儿童早期看护和教育机构优化家庭参与育儿计划提供了可能的参考。.مشاركة الوالدين في برنامج أصلي معدل ثقافيا قائم على الأدلة (برنامج إرث للأطفال: Legacy) برنامج إرث للأطفال (Legacy) هو برنامج قائم علي الادله يرتكز علي تعزيز الرعاية الوالدية الحساسة وسريعة الاستجابة عند العائلات المحرومة اجتماعيا. وقد تم مؤخرا تطويع برنامج (Legacy) ثقافيا ولغويا للأسر الاسبانيه اللاتينية أحاديه اللغة ويجري تجريبه بالشراكة مع برنامج تعليمي للطفولة المبكرة. وقد أجرينا دراسة مختلطة المنهج لتحديد العوائق والعوامل الميسرة للمشاركة ، وذلك باستخدام مصادر بيانات رصد البرامج من منظور كل من المشاركين وقادة المجموعات. وأجرينا تحليلات وصفية للبيانات لتحديد العوائق البارزة (مثل تحديات العمالة ، والتحديات الصحية ومشاكل المواعيد) والعوامل الميسرة (مثل الأمهات الأخريات في المجموعات ، والاهتمام بمواضيع البرنامج) للمشاركة التي برزت من خلال الإصدارات الإنجليزية والأسبانية للمنهج. وتم أيضا توثيق العوائق والعوامل الميسرة الخاصة بالمناهج. ونحن نفسر هذه النتائج في ضوء البيانات الكمية المتعلقة بمقاييس المشاركة ، والتي تبين ان المشاركين في المنهج الاسباني اثبتوا مستويات مماثله من جوده علاقة الآباء بقائد المجموعة بالمقارنة مع المجموعة الانجليزيه ، ومستويات اعلي من دعم/ترابط مجموعة الآباء والرضا العام. وتقدم هذه النتائج اعتبارات واعدة لتحسين مشاركه الأسر في برامج الرعاية الوالدية في سياق الرعاية المبكرة وسياقات التعليم.

Background Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning in a crossed or lateral configuration is the standard treatment for supracondylar humerus (SCH) fractures. We compared mid-term patient-reported outcomes (PROs), radiographic outcomes, and complication rates between patients treated with crossed versus lateral pinning. Methods We reviewed 508 pediatric patients treated surgically for Gartland type-III SCH fractures from 2008 to 2017. We included patients aged 5 to 17 years at the time of telephone interviews, who had available radiographs. We excluded those unable to be reached by telephone; those who declined to be surveyed; and those lost to follow-up. Our sample comprised 142 participants (28%) (mean±SD age at surgery, 5.2±2.0 y), 93 (65%) of whom were treated with lateral pinning and 49 (35%) with crossed pinning. Participants' parents completed the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Parent Proxy at a mean 4.4 years (range: 2 to 10 y) postoperatively. Postoperative radiographs were reviewed to assess reduction. Bivariate analysis was performed to determine whether outcomes differed by pinning technique (α=0.05). Results The proportions of participants achieving complete reduction were not significantly different between pin configuration groups (P=0.71). At follow-up, the 2 groups did not differ significantly in any PRO scores (all, P>0.05). Conclusion We found no differences between crossed and lateral pinning of Gartland type-III SCH fractures in terms of radiographic reduction, PROs, or complication rates at mid-term follow-up. Level of evidence Level III.

Water splitting by photocatalysis, for example employing seawater or wastewater, has the potential to make a substantial contribution to a future hydrogen economy. New types of 3D metal-wire substrates in woven form or brushes for photoelectrochemical processes are desirable to replace flat semiconductor-coated surfaces. In this report, titanium microwires (100 m diameter; pre-passivated) are employed to produce high surface area photoanodes with a TiO2 (rutile) nanocrystal array coating that was grown hydrothermally. A photo-active electrode is obtained with nanocrystal TiO2 rods of adjustable length from 1.67 µm up to 7.38 µm. Saturation of the photoelectrochemical response occurs at an intermediate length of approx. 3.19 µm with a photocurrent density of approximately 4.4 mA cm-2 at 1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl (3M) in aqueous 1 M Na2SO4 under 100 mW cm-2 385 nm LED illumination. The effectiveness of vacuum annealing for enhancing TiO2 photochemical processes is demonstrated. The formation of oxygen in aqueous 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte media (with/without chloride) is assessed using Clark probe measurements. Co-evolution of chlorine was evident in 1 M KCl. This work demonstrates that microwire photoelectrodes for woven form or brush structures are entirely feasible, and that pre-passivated titanium metal can be readily coated with titania nanocrystals via hydrothermal synthesis.

Introduction Insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea are common conditions among military service members, with high rates of comorbidity. Although cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) has been established as an effective treatment for insomnia, it is unclear whether or not CBT-I is effective among service members with comorbid insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea. Materials and Methods This retrospective, observational study examined insomnia outcomes among a group of service member patients (N = 73) with comorbid insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea. All patients received individual CBT-I in a specialty sleep clinic at a military treatment facility. Seven outcomes associated with insomnia were evaluated before and after treatment. Results On average, patients showed significant improvement in sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, number of awakenings, and symptoms reported on the Insomnia Severity Index. Twenty-six percent of patients showed clinically significant improvement in reported insomnia symptoms. Conclusions These results suggest that CBT-I may be effective in treating military service members with comorbid insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea. Despite the limitations of data collected in a clinical setting, consistent findings across five of the seven outcome measures provide good evidence that this treatment can be implemented in military settings.

MINORg is an offline gRNA design tool that generates the smallest possible combination of gRNA capable of covering all desired targets in multiple non-reference genomes. As interest in pangenomic research grows, so does the workload required for large screens in multiple individuals. MINORg aims to lessen this workload by capitalising on sequence homology to favour multi-target gRNA while simultaneously screening multiple genetic backgrounds in order to generate reusable gRNA panels. We demonstrated the practical application of MINORg by knocking out 11 homologous genes tandemly arrayed in a multi-gene cluster in two Arabidopsis thaliana lineages using three gRNA output by MINORg. We also described a new PCR-free modular cloning system for multiplexing gRNA, and used it to knockout three tandemly arrayed genes in another multi-gene cluster with gRNA designed by MINORg. Source code is freely available at https://github.com/rlrq/MINORg.