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152. Exploring the Local Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and Control via an Exposure-Based Model

Author

Qu Cheng and Robert C. Spear

Subjects
Male, Young Adult, Schools, Risk Factors, SARS-CoV-2, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Masks, COVID-19, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, Computer Simulation, General Chemistry
Abstract

A simulation model was developed aimed at assisting local public health authorities in exploring strategies for the suppression of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. A mechanistic modeling framework is utilized based on the daily airborne exposure of individuals defined in terms of inhaled viruses. Comparison of model outputs and observed data confirms that the model can generate realistic patterns of secondary cases. In the example investigated, the highest risk of being newly infected was among young adults, males, and people living in large households. Among risky occupations are food preparation and serving, personal care and service, sales, and production-related occupations. Results also show a pattern consistent with superspreading with 70% of initial cases who do not transmit at all while 13.4% of primary cases contribute 80% of secondary cases. The impacts of school closure and masking on the synthetic population are very small, but for students, school closure resulted in more time at home and increased secondary cases among them by over 25%. Requiring masks at schools decreased the case count by 80%. We conclude that the simulator can be useful in exploring local intervention scenarios and provides output useful in assessing the confidence that might be placed on its predictions.

Published
2022

158. Time-Series-Dependent Global Data Filtering Strategy for Mining and Profiling of Xenobiotic Metabolites in a Dynamic Complex Matrix: Application to Biotransformation of Flavonoids in the Extract of Ginkgo biloba by Gut Microbiota

Author

Wang, Hui-Ying, primary, Qu, Cheng, additional, Li, Meng-Ning, additional, Li, Chao-Ran, additional, Liu, Run-Zhou, additional, Guo, Zifan, additional, Li, Ping, additional, Gao, Wen, additional, and Yang, Hua, additional

Published
2022
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164. Serum magnesium level as a predictor of acute kidney injury in patients with acute pancreatitis

Author

Yu, Xian-Qiang, Deng, Hong-Bin, Liu, Yang, Qu, Cheng, Duan, Ze-Hua, Tong, Zhi-Hui, Liu, Yu-Xiu, and Li, Wei-Qin

Subjects
Predictor of acute kidney injury, Retrospective Study, General Medicine, urologic and male genital diseases, Kidney, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, Acute pancreatitis, Acute kidney injury, Magnesium (Mg2+)
Abstract

BACKGROUND Decreased serum magnesium (Mg2+) is commonly seen in critically ill patients. Hypomagnesemia is significantly more frequent in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) is associated with an extremely high mortality. The association underlying serum Mg2+ and AKI in AP has not been elucidated. AIM To explore the association between serum Mg2+ on admission and AKI in patients with AP. METHODS A retrospective observational study was conducted in a cohort of patients (n = 233) with AP without any renal injury before admission to our center from August 2015 to February 2019. Demographic characteristics on admission, severity score, laboratory values and in-hospital mortality were compared between patients with and without AKI. RESULTS A total of 233 patients were included for analysis, including 85 with AKI. Compared to patients without AKI, serum Mg2+ level was significantly lower in patients with AKI at admission [OR = 6.070, 95%CI: 3.374-10.921, P < 0.001]. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that lower serum Mg2+ was an independent risk factor for AKI [OR = 8.47, 95%CI: 3.02-23.72, P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION Our analysis indicates that serum Mg2+ level at admission is independently associated with the development of AKI in patients with AP and may be a potential prognostic factor.

Published
2021

166. A Novel Algorithm of Single Vehicle-Mounted ESM Sensor Locating Fixed Emitter

Author

Qu, Cheng-Hua, Ren, Qing-An, Niu, Jun-Qing, Liu, Jun-Wei, Zhao, Wen-Bo, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Goebel, Randy, editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, editor, Huang, De-Shuang, editor, Ma, Jianhua, editor, Jo, Kang-Hyun, editor, and Gromiha, M. Michael, editor

Published
2012
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172. A novel domain‐duplicated SlitFAR3 gene involved in sex pheromone biosynthesis in Spodoptera litura.

Author

Zhang, Biyun, Li, Fengqi, Qu, Cheng, Duan, Hongxia, Fu, Yuejun, and Luo, Chen

Subjects
SPODOPTERA littoralis, PHEROMONES, BIOSYNTHESIS, GENE expression, GENE families, CLOCK genes, MOLECULAR clock
Abstract

Fatty acyl reductases (FARs) are key enzymes that participate in sex pheromone biosynthesis by reducing fatty acids to fatty alcohols. Lepidoptera typically harbor numerous FAR gene family members. Although FAR genes are involved in the biosynthesis of sex pheromones in moths, the key FAR gene of Spodoptera litura remains unclear. In this work, we predicted 30 FAR genes from the S. litura genome and identified a domain duplication within gene SlitFAR3, which exhibited high and preferential expression in the sexually mature female pheromone glands (PGs) and a rhythmic expression pattern during the scotophase of sex pheromone production. The molecular docking of SlitFAR3, as predicted using a 3D model, revealed a co‐factor NADPH binding cavity and 2 substrate binding cavities. Functional expression in yeast cells combined with comprehensive gas chromatography indicated that the SlitFAR3 gene could produce fatty alcohol products. This study is the first to focus on the special phenomenon of FAR domain duplication, which will advance our understanding of biosynthesis‐related genes from the perspective of evolutionary biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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173. MOF-derived nanocarbon materials loaded with bimetallic sulfides as cathode catalysts for zinc–air batteries.

Author

Liu, Junjie, Ma, Jingsheng, Tang, Kun, Wang, Rui, Wu, Yongjian, Qu, Cheng, and Wu, Mingzai

Subjects
METAL sulfides, IRON sulfides, CATALYSTS, METAL coating, CATHODES, CHEMICAL energy, SULFIDES
Abstract

It is of great significance for chemical energy storage devices, especially for the practical application of rechargeable zinc–air batteries (ZABs), to find efficient and economical bifunctional catalysts. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently become hot research materials, and are often used as precursors of catalysts. This paper reports a carbon skeleton-coated bimetallic sulfide derived from MOF nanostructures that were used as cathode catalysts for ZABs. The N,S co-doped carbon-loaded FeS2,CoS2 ((Co,Fe)S2/CNS) catalysts exhibit excellent electrochemical properties in alkaline solutions due to the protection of metal sulfides by the carbon structure, the synergy of bimetallic Fe and Co, and the high surface area of the carbon skeleton. (Co,Fe)S2/CNS catalysts show a very low potential difference (ΔE = 0.68 V), a high specific capacity (759.1 mA h g−1) and good charge–discharge cycling performance (360 cycles/120 h) when applied to ZABs. This indicates that the prepared (Co,Fe)S2/CNS catalysts have a broad application prospect in the field of ZABs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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174. The interplay of climate, intervention and imported cases as determinants of the 2014 dengue outbreak in Guangzhou.

Author

Qu Cheng, Qinlong Jing, Robert C Spear, John M Marshall, Zhicong Yang, and Peng Gong

Subjects
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Dengue is a fast spreading mosquito-borne disease that affects more than half of the population worldwide. An unprecedented outbreak happened in Guangzhou, China in 2014, which contributed 52 percent of all dengue cases that occurred in mainland China between 1990 and 2015. Our previous analysis, based on a deterministic model, concluded that the early timing of the first imported case that triggered local transmission and the excessive rainfall thereafter were the most important determinants of the large final epidemic size in 2014. However, the deterministic model did not allow us to explore the driving force of the early local transmission. Here, we expand the model to include stochastic elements and calculate the successful invasion rate of cases that entered Guangzhou at different times under different climate and intervention scenarios. The conclusion is that the higher number of imported cases in May and June was responsible for the early outbreak instead of climate. Although the excessive rainfall in 2014 did increase the success rate, this effect was offset by the low initial water level caused by interventions in late 2013. The success rate is strongly dependent on mosquito abundance during the recovery period of the imported case, since the first step of a successful invasion is infecting at least one local mosquito. The average final epidemic size of successful invasion decreases exponentially with introduction time, which means if an imported case in early summer initiates the infection process, the final number infected can be extremely large. Therefore, dengue outbreaks occurring in Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia and Vietnam in early summer merit greater attention, since the travel volumes between Guangzhou and these countries are large. As the climate changes, destroying mosquito breeding sites in Guangzhou can mitigate the detrimental effects of the probable increase in rainfall in spring and summer.

Published
2017
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180. Cellular signals converge at the NOX2-SHP-2 axis to induce reductive carboxylation in cancer cells

Author

Zhang, Rukang, primary, Chen, Dong, additional, Fan, Hao, additional, Wu, Rong, additional, Tu, Jiayi, additional, Zhang, Freya Q., additional, Wang, Mei, additional, Zheng, Hong, additional, Qu, Cheng-Kui, additional, Elf, Shannon E., additional, Faubert, Brandon, additional, He, Yu-Ying, additional, Bissonnette, Marc B., additional, Gao, Xue, additional, DeBerardinis, Ralph J., additional, and Chen, Jing, additional

Published
2022
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187. A hierarchical model for analyzing multisite individual-level disease surveillance data from multiple systems

Author

Yuzi Zhang, Howard H. Chang, Qu Cheng, Philip A. Collender, Ting Li, Jinge He, and Justin V. Remais

Subjects
individual-level disease surveillance, Statistics and Probability, China, General Immunology and Microbiology, Statistics & Probability, Applied Mathematics, Statistics, Bayes Theorem, General Medicine, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Good Health and Well Being, Risk Factors, Computer Simulation, heterogeneous capture probabilities, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Other Mathematical Sciences, Bayesian hierarchical modeling
Abstract

Passive surveillance systems are widely used to monitor diseases occurrence over wide spatial areas due to their cost-effectiveness and integration into broadly distributed healthcare systems. However, such systems are generally associated with imperfect ascertainment of disease cases and with heterogeneous capture probabilities arising from factors such as differential access to care. Augmenting passive surveillance systems with other surveillance efforts provides a way to estimate the true number of incident cases. We develop a hierarchical modeling framework for analyzing data from multiple surveillance systems that allows for individual-level covariate-dependent heterogeneous capture probabilities, and borrows information across surveillance sites to improve estimation of the true number of incident cases. Inference is carried out via a two-stage Bayesian procedure. Simulation studies illustrated superior performance of the proposed approach with respect to bias, root mean square error, and coverage compared to a model that does not borrow information across sites. We applied the proposed model to data from three surveillance systems reporting pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases in a major center of ongoing transmission in China. The analysis yielded bias-corrected estimates of PTB cases from the passive system and led to the identification of risk factors associated with PTB rates, as well as factors influencing the operating characteristics of the implemented surveillance systems.

Published
2022

188. Current status and progress of biologieal treatment technology for ammonia nitrogen wastewater.

Author

LIU Jia-xuan, YU Tao, YU Heng, YANG Hong-mei, LIU Tian-le, QU Cheng-tun, ZHANG Xiao-fei, and GUO Zhi-qiang

Subjects
SEWAGE, AMMONIA, NITROGEN, SCIENTIFIC method, WASTEWATER treatment
Abstract

This paper combs the domestic and foreign research status of biological methods from three aspects: the principle, application and research progress of treatment technology, and comprehensively analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of nitrification, denitrification, and Anammox (Anammox). A more scientific method to understand the research status and development trend of biological treatment of nitrogenous wastewater; it is pointed out that nitrogen, as a nutrient, can be directly recycled; it is stated that the deammonia nitrogen technology can focus on the process combination and ammonia nitrogen recovery in the future, and the large-scale application still needs our further research and discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023

200. Metamorphic dynamical quantum phase transition in double-quench processes at finite temperatures

Author

Xu-Yang Hou, Qu-Cheng Gao, Hao Guo, and Chih-Chun Chien

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), FOS: Physical sciences, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
Abstract

By deriving a general framework and analyzing concrete examples, we demonstrate a class of dynamical quantum phase transitions (DQPTs) in one-dimensional two-band systems going through double-quench processes. When this type of DQPT occurs, the Loschmidt amplitude vanishes and the rate function remains singular after the second quench, meaning the final state continually has no overlap with the initial state. This type of DQPT is named metamorphic DQPT to differentiate it from ordinary DQPTs that only exhibit zero Loschmidt amplitude and singular rate function at discrete time points. The metamorphic DQPTs occur at zero as well as finite temperatures. Our examples of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model and Kitaev chain illustrate the conditions and behavior of the metamorphic DQPT. Since ordinary DQPTs have been experimentally realized in many systems, similar setups with double quenches will demonstrate the metamorphic DQPT. Our findings thus provide additional controls of dynamical evolution of quantum systems., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, submitted, title changed

Published
2022
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