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In order to suit better for variations of coal and rock with different properties, solve the problem of big fluctuation of a cutting motor power, and ensure the durable high-efficient, high-energetic working of a shearer, a constant power speed-adjusting system of shearer cutting motor is designed based on the theory and the method of single neuron self-adaptive PID controlling, the system effects constant power function of shearer cutting motor by adjusting continually the shearer’s haulage speed. A systematic simulation model is build by using the Matlab/Simulink, and the experiment shows: the speed-adjusting system of single neuron self-adaptive PID controlling has following advantages by comparing it with a traditional controlling method: adjustment time of haulage speed decreases by 0.6s, overshoot and adjustment time of the cutting motor power lower by 2.4% and 0.27s respectively, which improves the working efficiency of the shearer by a rapid reaction speed and a good controlling property.

This review was to assess the concentration changing trends of various cytokines in plasma of epilepsy patients after recent seizure, as well as to assess the differences between temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and extra-TLE (XLE) patients. We performed a meta-analysis of studies measuring cytokine concentration in plasma of patients suffering from epilepsy after recent seizure, by searches of the English literature in Pubmed and Embase databases (to July 1st 2010) and a manual search of references. A random-effects model was used to do accumulative analysis for the included studies by RevMan 5.0 software. Eight studies were included and analyzed. We found the plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) within 72h after seizure were significantly increased in epileptic patients compared with control subjects (211 epilepsy patients vs. 564 controls, overall weighted mean difference 1.27pg/ml, 95% confidence interval 0.72-1.82, P

In order to improve the electrochemical performance and thermal stability of Li1.05Co1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 materials, Li1.05Co0.3 Ni0.35Mn0.3M0.05O2(M=Ge,Sn) cathode materials were synthesized via co-precipitation method. The structure, electrochemical performance and thermal stability were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), charge/discharge cycling, cyclic voltammetry(CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). ESEM showed that Sn-doped and Gedoped slightly increased the size of grains. XRD and CV showed that Sn-doped and Ge-doped powders were homogeneous and had the better layered structure than the bare one. Sn-doped and Ge-doped improved high rate discharge capacity and cycle-life performance. The reason of the better cycling performance of the doped one was the increasing of lithium-ion diffusion rate and charge transfer rate. Sn-doped and Ge-doped also improved the mateials thermal stability.

Goutengsan, a Chinese herbal formula, potential protection on Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been less reported. In current study, we investigated the protection of Goutengsan on Aβ1–42-induced pheochromocytoma-derived cells (PC12). Furthermore, the components from Goutengsan in rat plasma were identified by microdialysis (MD) for in vivo sampling. Meanwhile, the protection of components identified was also verified. At last, we found that Goutengsan has a potential protective effect on Aβ1–42-induced PC12 cells via reducing cells damage and increasing cells vitality as well as six components (pachymic acid, liquiritin, rhynchophylline, isorhynchophylline, corynoxeine, and isocorynoxeine) which may be effective components. This study helps to understand the treatment of Goutengsan for AD and would facilitate the clinical and further studies for this formula.

In order to investigate the physiological effects of airport noise exposure on organisms, in this study, we exposed Sprague-Dawley rats in soundproof chambers to previously recorded aircraft-related noise for 65 d. For comparison, we also used unexposed control rats. Noise was arranged according to aircraft flight schedules and was adjusted to its weighted equivalent continuous perceived noise levels (L WECPN) of 75 and 80 dB for the two experimental groups. We examined rat behaviors through an open field test and measured the concentrations of plasma norepinephrine (NE) by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorimetric detection (HPLC-FLD). We also examined the morphologies of neurons and synapses in the temporal lobe by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our results showed that rats exposed to airport noise of 80 dB had significantly lower line crossing number (P

Structure-borne noise originating from a heat pump unit was selected to study the influence on subjective annoyance of low frequency noise (LFN) combined with additional sound. Paired comparison test was used for evaluating the subjective annoyance of LFN combined with different sound pressure levels (SPL) of pink noise, frequency-modulated pure tones (FM pure tones) and natural sounds. The results showed that, with pink noise of 250–1000 Hz combined with the original LFN, the subjective annoyance value (SAV) first dropped then rose with increasing SPL. When SPL of the pink noise was 15–25 dB, SAV was lower than that of the original LFN. With pink noise of frequency 250–20,000 Hz added to LFN, SAV increased linearly with increasing SPL. SAV and the psychoacoustic annoyance value (PAV) obtained by semi-theoretical formulas were well correlated. The determination coefficient (R2) was 0.966 and 0.881, respectively, when the frequency range of the pink noise was 250–1000 and 250–20,000 Hz. When FM pure tones with central frequencies of 500, 2000 and 8000 Hz, or natural sounds (including the sound of singing birds, flowing water, wind or ticking clock) were, respectively, added to the original sound, the SAV increased as the SPL of the added sound increased. However, when a FM pure tone of 15 dB with a central frequency of 2000 Hz and a modulation frequency of 10 Hz was added, the SAV was lower than that of the original LFN. With SPL and central frequency held invariable, the SAV declined primarily when modulation frequency increased. With SPL and modulation frequency held invariable, the SAV became lowest when the central frequency was 2000 Hz. This showed a preferable correlation between SAV and fluctuation extent of FM pure tones.

The energy consumption for manufacturing processes is the largest impact contributor in various characterization categories, based on the assessment of environmental effects during the whole life cycle. It is necessary to investigate the manufacturing processes in depth to find out mechanism that can improve energy efficiency. This paper presents a comprehensive overview on two important aspects of energy consumption models for manufacturing processes: 1) two data collection methods: top-down and bottom-up; 2) two process-based analytical methods: thermodynamic model (including energy flow analysis and exergy analysis), and mechanical model. These models can improve energy efficiency.

A number of typical noise sources from urban environments were recorded. Based on spectral analysis, several characteristic frequencies which involved high subjective annoyance were selected according to the relative subjective annoyance of pure tones with different frequencies at equal loudness levels. Pure tones with characteristic frequencies were synthesized into a series of noise samples. A paired comparison test was used for comparison of the subjective annoyance due to actual noise and synthesized noise. The results suggest that the sound energy distribution of actual noise at different frequency bands should be considered in order to simulate the subjective annoyance induced by actual noise with composite noise more accurately. Composite noise should be combined with pure tones which induced high subjective annoyance and are located in frequency bands with the majority of sound energy, provided that the relative Sound Pressure Level (SPL) differences among the characteristic frequencies of actual noise were retained.

Transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) improves animal neurological functional recovery after stroke. But the mechanism remains unclear. As cell cycle machinery plays an important role in stroke, we investigated the dynamic changes of cell cycle elements in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. We found the cell cycle markers, cdk4 along with its activator cyclin D1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), increased after brain ischemia-reperfusion. Phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb, on ser-795), the cyclin D/cdk4 complex mutual target, was upregulated accordingly. However, intravenously administrated BMSCs facilitated cyclin D1, cdk4, and PCNA decrease in the ischemic cortex. Meanwhile, phospho-pRb (ser-795) was completely inhibited. On the contrary, endogenous cdk inhibitor p27 reduced before but enhanced after BMSCs treatment. These findings suggested BMSCs might modulate cell cycle progression in injured brain via downregulation of the cyclin D1/cdk4/pRb pathway as well as upregulation of p27 level. These results provide another way by which BMSCs may contribute to the recovery from stroke.

Increasing evidence suggests that the inappropriate activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) could induce neuronal apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which means that the pharmacological inhibitors of cell-cycle progression may effectively impede the development or progression of AD. Indirubin-3'-monoxime (IMX), a known effective inhibitor of CDKs, has been shown to have therapeutic effects on learning and memory deficits induced by beta-amyloid (Abeta) intracerebroventricular infusion in rats. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of IMX on Abeta(25-35)-induced neuronal apoptosis and its potential mechanisms in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Abeta(25-35)-induced apoptosis, characterized by decreased cell viability, neuronal DNA condensation, and fragmentation, was associated with an increase in tau protein hyperphosphorylation. IMX, however, attenuated Abeta(25-35)-induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, expression of hyperphosphorylation tau protein was significantly decreased with IMX treatment. Our study suggests that IMX may usefully prevent or delay the neuronal loss of AD.

Study on the effects of Astragali Radix main active flavone calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside on Saposhnikoviae Radix main active ingredients prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and cimifugin, a UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and cimifugin in rat plasma was established, and the comparative pharmacokinetics of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and cimifugin after oral administration of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside-prim-O-glucosylcimifugin to rats were carried out, which might be conductive in exploring the rationality of Astragali Radix - Saposhnikoviae Radix herb couple. Twelve male SD rats were divided into two groups. Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and cimifugin in rat plasma of different time points after oral administration of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside - prim-O-glucosylcimifugin to rats were determinated. And the main pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated using DAS 3. 2. 4. The established method was rapid, accurate and sensitive for simultaneous determination of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and cimifugin in rat plasma. The analysis was performed on a Waters Acquity BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 μm) with the mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid/water as mobile phase, and the gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.3 mL x min(-1). The analytes were detected by tandem mass spectrometry with the electrospray ionization (ESI) source and in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Compared with prim-O-glucosylcimifugin group, the AUC(0-t)., and AUC(0-∞) of p-O-glucosylcimifugin as well as the C(max) of cimifugin significantly increased (P0.05) in calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside-prim-O-glucosylcimifugin group. Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside could enhance the absorption of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and cimifugin and improve the bioavailability, explaining preliminarily the rationality of Astragali Radix-Saposhnikoviae Radix herb couple.

Protein crystallization is affected by many parameters, among which certain parameters have not been well controlled. The temperature at which the protein and precipitant solutions are mixed (i.e., the ambient temperature during mixing) is such a parameter that is typically not well controlled and is often ignored. In this paper, we show that this temperature can influence protein crystallization. The experimental results showed that both higher and lower mixing temperatures can enhance the success of crystallization, which follows a parabolic curve with an increasing ambient temperature. This work illustrates that the crystallization solution preparation temperature is also an important parameter for protein crystallization. Uncontrolled or poorly controlled room temperature may yield poor reproducibility in protein crystallization.

A zone annealing process is adopted to improve the performance of pentacene organic thin film transistors. The process is completed in a glove box full of dry nitrogen gas and with a heating wire (0.1 mm tungsten wire) inside. The device have the structure of glass/ITO (150 nm)/Ta2O5 (600 nm)/pentacene (60 nm)/Au (20 nm). Under the gate–source voltage -60 V and the drain–source voltage -60 V, the source–drain current, the mobility, and the on/off current ratio increase from 4×10−7 A to 2.0×10−6 A, 2.9×10−3 cm2V−1s−1 to 1.6×10−2 cm2V−1s−1, and 2×103 to 5.33×103, respectively. It is found that the distance between the pentacene grain boundaries decreases and an obvious layer structure can be formed in grains after annealing. According to the transport of carriers in the polycrystalline film, these changes of the pentacene film can improve the source–drain current and the mobility.

We demonstrate an efficient diode-pumped Nd:CBN-28 ferroelectric crystal laser for the first time. The maximum output power of 0.536 W is achieved with a slope efficiency as high as 27.7%, which is higher than that in the Nd:SBN ferroelectric crystal laser. The self-frequency doubling and self-sum-frequency processes are obtained simultaneously under intracavity conditions in the diode pumped Nd:CBN-28 laser. These processes show the ability of the Nd:CBN-28 crystal as a nonlinear optical multi-frequency converter without any angle or temperature tuning.

By using of a six-channel HCN laser interferometer, the sawtooth-like density oscillations without being exhibited in the ohmic phase plasma have been observed during lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) discharges in the HL-1M device. There are often accompanied by injected impurity with laser blow-off. Analyses show that this kind of density sawtooth-like oscillation comes from the mutual effect of LHCD and impurity. An available mechanism is the loss of superthermal electrons by the magnetic perturbation, which is caused by the crash of the central accumulated impurities.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of composite Xinyi aerosol, XYA) in treating asthma and its influence on asthma related cytokines in serum and sputum of patients with mild or moderate bronchial asthma.

Flavonoids are a class of important active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine, pharmacological activity and in vivo process is the focus of research in recent years. Calycosin is the main active ingredients of flavonoids in Astragali Radix, recent studies indicate that it has many kinds of pharmacological activity, but the absorption and transport characteristics in vivo is unclear. The experiment using Caco-2 cell model, with apigenin as internal standard substance, using the method for the determination of drug concentration by HPLC, were studied at different concentrations and absorption transport characteristics of respectively adding different types of protein inhibitors. Data were analyzed by Q test, the results show that low, middle, high concentration of P(app)(BL-AP)/ P(app)(AP-BL) = 1.381.5, respectively adding different types of protein inhibitors, compared with the control group of P(app)(BL-AP)/ P(app)(AP-BL), there were no significant differences. Calycosin absorption may mainly passive transport, also involved in active transport mechanism, the transport may not be affected by the P-protein, MRP2 protein, SGLT protein.

To study on the effects of Achyranthes bidentata on Tongsaimai pellets main active ingredients chlorogenic acid, isoliquiritin, harpagoside and glycyrrhizin in rats in vivo pharmacokinetic behaviors, a method for the simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid, isoliquiritin, harpagoside and liquiritigenin in rat plasma was established by UPLC-MS/MS. The analysis was performed on a waters Acquity BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 microm) with the mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid/water as mobile phase, and the gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.3 mL x min(-1). The analytes were detected by tandem mass spectrometry with the electrospray ionization (ESI) source and in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. It turned out that the analytes of Tongsaimai pellets groups C(max) and AUC(Q-infinity) values were higher than that with A. bidentata group, and the C(max) values of chlorogenic acid had significantly difference (P0.05), the AUC(0-infinity) values of chlorogenic acid and glycyrrhizin had significantly difference (P0.05); The T(max) and CL values of two groups had no significantly difference. Results showed that the established method was specific, rapid, accurate and sensitive for the studies of Tongsaimai pellets four main active ingredients in rat in vivo pharmacokinetic, and A. bidentata have varying degrees of effects on Tongsaimai pellets four main active ingredients in rat in vivo pharmacokinetic behaviors.

Background and Purpose— We aimed to develop a risk score (intracerebral hemorrhage–associated pneumonia score, ICH-APS) for predicting hospital-acquired stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) after ICH. Methods— The ICH-APS was developed based on the China National Stroke Registry (CNSR), in which eligible patients were randomly divided into derivation (60%) and validation (40%) cohorts. Variables routinely collected at presentation were used for predicting SAP after ICH. For testing the added value of hematoma volume measure, we separately developed 2 models with (ICH-APS-B) and without (ICH-APS-A) hematoma volume included. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, and integrated discrimination index were used to assess model discrimination, calibration, and reclassification, respectively. Results— The SAP was 16.4% and 17.7% in the overall derivation (n=2998) and validation (n=2000) cohorts, respectively. A 23-point ICH-APS-A was developed based on a set of predictors and showed good discrimination in the overall derivation (AUROC, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.72–0.77) and validation (AUROC, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.71–0.79) cohorts. The ICH-APS-A was more sensitive for patients with length of stay >48 hours (AUROC, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.75–0.81) than those with length of stay P =0.20) and validation ( P =0.66) cohorts. Similarly, a 26-point ICH-APS-B was established. The ICH-APS-A and ICH-APS-B were not significantly different in discrimination and reclassification for SAP after ICH. Conclusion— The ICH-APSs are valid risk scores for predicting SAP after ICH, especially for patients with length of stay >48 hours.

Objective To evaluate the non-inferiority of pramipexole extended-release (ER) versus immediate-release (IR) in Chinese patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) in a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study. Methods Subjects were Chinese patients with idiopathic PD with diagnosis ≥ 2 years prior to trial, age ≥ 30 years old at diagnosis, and Modified Hoehn and Yahr score 2-4 during ‘on’-time. Subjects received treatment with pramipexole ER (n=234) or IR (n=239). Non-inferiority was based on the primary endpoint, the change from baseline to end of maintenance (week 18) in the UPDRS (Parts II + III) total score. Results For the primary endpoint, the adjusted mean changes (standard error) of UPDRS Parts II + III at week 18 were -13.81 (0.655) and -13.05 (0.643) for ER and IR formulations, respectively, using ANCOVA adjusted for treatment and centre (fixed effect) and baseline (covariate). The adjusted mean between group difference was 0.8 for the 2-sided 95% CI (-1.047, 2.566). Since the lower limit of the 2-sided 95% CI (-1.047) for treatment difference was higher than the non-inferiority margin of -4, non-inferiority between pramipexole ER and IR was demonstrated. The incidence of adverse events (AEs) was 68.8% in the ER arm and 73.6% in the IR arm with few severe AEs (ER: 2.1%; IR: 3.8%). Conclusion Based on the UPDRS II + III score, pramipexole ER was non-inferior to pramipexole IR. The safety profiles of pramipexole ER and IR were similar. These results were based on comparable mean daily doses and durations of treatment for both formulations.

Drug-loading micro-particles are a targeted, positioned and controlled-release drug delivery carrier with a wide application prospect. Various micro-carrier drug delivery systems have their own advantages in promoting absorption, improving stability, targeting and controlled release. Accordingly, it is of far-reaching significance for the studies on micro carrier drug delivery systems to build oral traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound micro-carrier drug delivery systems with effective TCM components and effective fractions. This article introduces several features and advantages of oral micro-carrier drug delivery systems, and summarizes their application in the field of TCMs.

The poloidal rotation of the magnetized edge plasma in tokamak driven by the ponderomotive force which is generated by injecting lower hybrid wave(LHW) electric field has been studied. The LHW is launched from a waveguide in the plasma edge, and by Brambilla's grill theory, analytic expressions for the wave electric field in the slab model of an inhomogeneous cold plasma have been derived. It is shown that a strong wave electric field will be generated in the plasma edge by injecting LH wave of the power in MW magnitude, and this electric field will induce a poloidal rotation with a sheared poloidal velocity.

The syntheses and spectral and structural characterizations of Zn(II) indomethacin [1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indole-3-acetic acid = IndoH] complexes, as different solvent adducts, ...

The matrix element of quark axial vector current is shown to be different from the nonrelativistic quark spin sum for a nucleon at rest. The nucleon spin content discovered in polarized deep inelastic scattering is shown to be accommodated in a constituent quark model with 15% sea quark component mixing. The relativistic correction and sea quark pair excitation inherently related to quark axial vector current reduce the nucleon axial charge and this reduction is compensated by the relativistic quark orbital angular momentum exactly and in turn keeps the nucleon spin untouched. Nucleon tensor charge has similar but smaller relativistic and sea quark pair excitation reduction.

By investigating the variation of different characteristic parameters of pentacene/poly(methyl methacrylate) transistors suffered from electric stress in an environment without O2, H2O and light, we deduce lifetimes of the transistors by different criterion parameters. Defined by the time for the parameters changing one half, the lifetime is different from the minimum of 7h (using on/off current ratio as the criterion parameter) to the maximum of 2.38 × 108 h (using transconductance as the criterion parameter). We also find that, under our experimental conditions, the main reason that affects the stabilities of the device is the increase of shallow traps formed in the organic semiconductors.

Background Limited data are available on the outcome of antiepileptic drug treatment response in patients of Chinese Han ethnicity with newly diagnosed epilepsy. We sought to explore the prognosis with antiepileptic drug treatment and to identify the predictors of poor drug control of seizures in these patients. Methods For at least 2 years, we prospectively followed up a cohort of patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy and analyzed the response to each antiepileptic drug. Cumulative risk for seizure relapse after initial remission achieved was estimated. The patients were divided into two groups (poor and good control) and compared for clinical characteristics. Results A total of 180 patients were included. Early remission was reached in 125 (69.44%) patients, 19 (10.56%) patients entered late remission, while 36 (20%) patients failed to achieve remission. The relapse rates were 19.5% at 2 years and 31.9% at 3 years of the follow-up. The response rates of the first throughout the fourth treatment regimens were 60.0%, 16.1%, 2.8%, and 0.6%, respectively. Multiple seizure types and changes in seizure type during treatment were significantly (p = 0.013 and 0.047, respectively) associated with a poor control. Conclusions The prognosis of the majority of patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy is good and the clinical pattern of epilepsy during treatment is complex. The chances of seizure control declines with each subsequent treatment regimen. The prognosis for patients with multiple seizure types and seizure type changes during treatment is unfavorable.

Glycosides are important active components in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Their pharmacological activity, pharmacokinetic characteristics and in vivo existence become hotspots of current studies. The metabolic pathways of these glycosides are de-glycosylation mainly mediated by gut microbiota. After glycosides were metabolized into aglycones, they could be absorbed more easily and show better pharmacological effects. In this article, we reviewed the main glycosidase in gut microbiota which helps metabolize TCM glycosides, relevant bacterial strains which generate glycosidase, as well as the de-glycosylated metabolic pathways of the representative glycosides, on the basis of gut microbiota's important roles in in vivo metabolism and efficacy of TCM glycosides. We also preliminarily solved problems in studies on de-glycosylation of TCM glycosides.

Multidrug resistance mediated by over-expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in brain is an important mechanism accounting for the drug-therapy failure in epilepsy. Over-expression of P-gp in epilepsy rat brain may be regulated by inflammation and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation. Inhibitory κ B kinase subunit β (IKKβ) is an up-stream molecular controlling NF-κB activation. With the small interfering RNA (siRNA) technique and kainic acid (KA)-induced rat epileptic seizure model, the present study was aimed to further evaluate the role of NF-κB inhibition, via blocking IKKβ gene transcription, in the epileptic brain P-gp over-expression, seizure susceptibility, and post-seizure brain damage. siRNA targeting IKKβ was administered to rats via intracerebroventricular injection before seizure induction by KA microinjection; scrambled siRNA was used as control. Brain mRNA and protein levels of IKKβ and P-gp were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. NF-κB activity was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Latency to grade III or V seizure onset was recorded, brain damage was evaluated by neuronal cell counting and epileptiform activity was monitored by electroencephalography. IKKβ siRNA pre-treatment inhibited NF-κB activation and abolished P-gp over-expression in KA-induced epileptic rat brain, accompanied by decreased seizure susceptibility. These findings suggested that epileptogenic-induced P-gp over-expression could be regulated by IKKβ through the NF-κB pathway.

Fingerprint technology is the key technology in modern Chinese medicine research, while spectrum-effect relationship research is the advanced stage of fingerprint research. Spectrum-effect relationship research can reveal the relationship between fingerprint and pharmacological effect through multiple statistical analyses, which can be used in Chinese medicine research. Spectrum-effect relationship has been used in many areas of Chinese medicine research, such as effective basis of single and compound Chinese medicine research, component compatibility research, processing mechanism research, pharmacological effect forecast research, technology optimization research, and so on. This paper systematically reviewed the application of spectrum-effect relationship in Chinese medicine research, and indicated some problems in spectrum-effect relationship research. At last, the authors give an outlook of the future of spectrum-effect relationship research.

Remanufacturing engineering is one of the important ways to develop recycle economy and energy saving. It can make the most of the potential value of waste resource. This paper puts forward that the prediction of fatigue life is the important basis for the operation time of active remanufacturing. The product information of magnetic memory and residual stress are used for analyzing the fatigue life. Come up with the combination of metal magnetic memory testing and X way diffraction to establish the evaluation and prediction model for fatigue life. The different measurement procedures are established on the basis of different products.

The purpose was to master the basic situation of dust workers in terms of qualifications, training or not, seniority and other aspects of knowledge about protection, and to clear the focus of the crowd, effective ways and methods in health education. We designed a questionnaire which was about “protective knowledge and behavior of dust workers” ourselves and carry it on the dust workers in Tangshan city. A database was established with Excel. SPSS11.5 statistical analysis software was used to analyze for the influence on protecting knowledge and behavioral between different groups. Dust workers’ using rate about the choosing an effective way of protection is generally low in Tangshan city. Those of not being educated and poor educational background have poor protection behavior. The knowing rate of perception and using rate of protective behaviors were statistically significant in the different factories.

The self-consistent poloidal flow shear induced by turbulence driven by impurity radiation has been studied analytically. A set of reduced equations is obtained. In our system, three equilibrium states exist. The first is the zero flow shear state, which is relevant to the behavior such as L mode; the second is the positive flow shear state, which is relevant to the behavior such as dithering H mode; and the third is the negative flow shear state, which is relevant to the behavior such as edge-localized modes.

To investigate the possibility of the control over crystal growth on oriented organic film surfaces, bismuth (Bi) metal was vacuum-deposited on cadmium stearate Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films with surfaces of either hydrophilic head groups or hydrophobic tail groups at room temperature. Interaction in both geometric and chemical senses between organic functional groups and evaporated metal seems critical for its growth. Different growth manner of Bi was observed on different surfaces in the initial stage of deposition ; A very low deposition rate, 0.01 nm/s, resulted in the large crystals grown on the hydrophilic surfaces, while fine particles formed on the hydrophobic surfaces. Time dependence of the average size of fine particles (∝t1/3) indicated high diffusivity of Bi adatoms on the hydrophobic surface, while crystallization of Bi on the hydrophilic surface possibly implied their strong chemical interactions.

The characteristics of FLR effects and their dependence on RF power are studied during ICRF minority heating in tokamak plasmas. With the ion energy losses being taken into consideration, a critical heating power above which FLR effects may play an important role is derived. The quasilinear Fokker–Planck equation is calculated numerically. It is shown that the analytically derived critical power is in good agreement with the numerical calculation.

Indirubin-3′-monoxime is an effective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent protein kinases, and may play an obligate role in neuronal apoptosis in Alzheimer′s disease. Here, we found that indirubin-3′-monoxime improved the morphology and increased the survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells exposed to amyloid-beta 25-35 (Aβ25-35 ), and also suppressed apoptosis by reducing tau phosphorylation at Ser199 and Thr205. Furthermore, indirubin-3′-monoxime inhibited phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Our results suggest that indirubin-3′-monoxime reduced Aβ25-35 -induced apoptosis by suppressing tau hyperphosphorylation via a GSK-3β-mediated mechanism. Indirubin-3′-monoxime is a promising drug candidate for Alzheimer′s disease.

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the timing of therapy initiation and other clinical factors as potential predictors for relapse and prognosis of epilepsy, based on hospital-based prospective observational data in China. Methods One hundred and seventy-one newly diagnosed patients with one or more seizures were recruited and followed for at least 2 years. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used for calculating recurrence and remission rates. Univariate and multivariate analyses for risk factors were performed using Cox proportional hazards model. Results Among the 171 patients analyzed, more patients had partial (54.4%) than generalized seizures (45.6%). The range of patients' age was 6–70 years, but 70% were under 16 years of age. Multiple seizure types (HR = 2.01; 95% CI, 1.31–3.10), epileptiform electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormality (HR = 1.95; 95% CI, 1.09–3.49), and >1 seizure monthly before treatment (HR = 2.74; 95% CI, 1.69–4.51) were predictors of seizure recurrence. The best negative predictors of remission were as follows: relapse (HR = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.07–0.23) and epileptiform EEG within 1 year of treatment (HR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39–0.97). Delayed treatment after three or more seizures did not significantly increase the risk of recurrence (P = 0.70) or remission (P = 0.31) compared with early treatment after one or two seizures. Conclusions Multiple seizure types, epileptiform EEG abnormality, and >1 seizure monthly before treatment predict seizure recurrence. Relapse and epileptiform EEG within 1 year of treatment predict adverse seizure outcome. Early treatment does not affect relapse or prognosis.

Glycyrrhizae Radix (GR) is often prescribed together with Aconiti Laterlis Radix (ALR) (a so-called compatible drug pair) in traditional Chinese medicinal practice to reduce toxicity of ALR. However, the mechanisms involved remain to be addressed. In this study, the metabolic interactions between GR-ALR drug pair were investigated for the first time. First, an HPLC-TQ-MS/MS method was developed to analyze hypaconitine, a major bioactive and toxic component of ALR, in rat liver S9. Then the in vitro metabolic rates of hypaconitine by different rat liver S9 were compared using the established method. The experiments were designed in four groups: pure hypaconitine (group I) and ALR extract (group II) incubated with liver S9 of normal rats, and pure hypaconitine (group III) and ALR extract (group IV) incubated with liver S9 of GR-pretreated rats. When incubated for more than 4 h, the metabolic rates of hypaconitine in group III were significantly higher than those in group I, and when incubated for more than 2 h, the metabolic rates of hypaconitine in group IV were significantly higher than those in group II, suggesting that GR can enhance metabolic rate of hypaconitine, the mechanism of which might be related to hepatic metabolizing enzyme induction by GR.

Adult, male, Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-transfected bone marrow stromal cells (GM-CSF-BMSCs) into the ischemic boundary zone at 24 hours after onset of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Results showed reduced infarct volume, decreased number of apoptotic cells, improved neurological functions, increased angiogenic factor expression, and increased vascular density in the ischemic boundary zone in rats that underwent GM-CSF-BMSCs transplantation compared with the BMSCs group. Experimental findings suggested that GM-CSF-BMSCs could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke and are superior to BMSCs alone.