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Green infrastructure is an increasingly popular strategy to simultaneously address challenges associated with urbanization and global environmental change, including increased flooding and rising temperatures. While many cities aim to expand green infrastructure to deliver ecosystem services, their impacts will be limited without significant uptake on private property. Most studies and programs to date focus on public land, so little is known about what would motivate private residents to implement green infrastructure. This study addresses this gap, combining household survey and spatial data from the Phoenix metropolitan region in Arizona by examining what factors predict green infrastructure implementation, with a particular focus on flooding and heat risks. The results suggest that residents are generally aware of their relative exposure to these hazards, but their risk perceptions do not translate into increased implementation of green infrastructure. Prior experience of flood damage is a predictor of stormwater infrastructure implementation, but experience with heat did not impact planting vegetation to mitigate the effects of extreme temperatures. Instead, the decision to implement green infrastructure is likely constrained by limited capacity based on income and homeownership, which can impede people’s ability to make management decisions on private residential property. More research is needed to unpack the seemingly complex factors that shape residents’ decisions to implement green infrastructure on their property.

Municipalities are in search of exploring alternative own revenues to finance urban infrastructure investments in India. As compared to others, monetization of public land is within the functional domain of local governments subject to certain constraints. This study employs a linear programming model incorporating the constraints enforced by state government to assess the potentials of public lands forurban infrastructure capital investments. This approach is largely different from the existing literature, which does not determine the capacity of municipal public lands based on realized revenues. This investigation finds that certain proposed leasing strategies for Guntur Municipality under different simulations as done in this research have potentials to realize 240% more revenues compared to ‘business as usual’ scenario and hence, provide new policy insights for leasing public lands in a revenue optimization perspective. The framework adopted by this helpslocal governments toestimate the potentials of public landsand establish revenue targets.

O presente artigo busca analisar a situação jurídica dos requisitos urbanísticos para regularidade de um lote de terreno urbano, considerando as condições mínimas para que se repute digna uma moradia, e como forma de pautar as políticas públicas de regularização fundiária. Nesta senda, questiona-se como deverá se concretizar a flexibilização dos referidos requisitos, o que foi previsto em lei para fins de facilitar a legalização imobiliária, sem comprometimento do bem-estar dos habitantes. Através do método hermenêutico dialético, objetiva-se esclarecer, sem pretensão de esgotamento do tema, o alcance das previsões empregadas na legislação em comparação com os ditames da moradia. Este breve espaço de pesquisa conclui pela impossibilidade do elenco a priori de dispensa de melhoramentos urbanos, cabendo aos entes de fiscalização urbana a instrumentalização de técnicas para a correta apuração, em cada caso social, das necessidades da área urbana que se regulariza.

This exploratory analysis focuses on current perspectives of rural publics on public land management and posits that demographic shifts in the rural West may be reshaping relationships between rural publics and land managers. Focusing on rural residents in Montana and Idaho (i.e., those living outside of metropolitan or micropolitan counties), this work finds that younger generations and newer residents hold more favorable views of public land managers, compared with the views of older and long-time residents. Interestingly, both support for increasing environmental protections and a history of exposure to vegetation management projects positively predict more favorable views of public land managers. Even for those who favor more preservation of designated Wilderness, exposure to timber harvesting does not negatively affect their views of public land managers, suggesting that rural individuals in the West may now embody a mosaic of values, combining elements of a spiritual preservationist ethic with a pragmatic conservationist approach. This blend of values should provide hope for more fruitful collaborative land management approaches in the future.

Texas A&M, a public land grant university in College Station, Texas, has a long history of engagement with the Bush family. These ties highlight the university's entanglement with US imperial enterprises, which extend into the Persian Gulf. George H. W. Bush's own explanation of why he decided to place his presidential library at the campus despite not attending Texas A&M focused on these connections: “Over the years, Aggies have provided great service to the Armed Forces of our country. Patriotism abounds at A&M.” Meanwhile, Qatar hosts the largest concentration of US troops abroad. The US military's Central Command is at Al Udeid Air Base, not far from the Education City complex that hosts TAMUQ and several branch campuses of American and other foreign universities. The students at these institutions are Qatari citizens, South Asian and Arab immigrants, and international students, primarily from Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.

Recreational hunting is facing a number of challenges in the twenty-first century. In this essay, I maintain the inability of hunters to find a good quality place to hunt is the most serious impedi...

In 1977 New Haven became one the first municipalities in the United States to donate a plot of public land to the erection of a Holocaust memorial. As time has passed, Holocaust memorials have blos...

Problem setting. Local governments create economic, social and environmental prerequisite for the development of their territories, ensure the functioning of infrastructure facilities, promote the implementation of strategies and programs of sustainable development, national, regional and local levels, determine local socio-economic and cultural development policies. Therefore, in order to exercise the powers delegated as a result of the decentralization reform, communities must be provided with sufficient natural, first of all, land resources and financial opportunities for the successful realization of all tasks and the implementation of delegated powers. At present, the problem of the financial capacity of rural communities to maintain all infrastructure and social facilities and to implement local sustainable development programs is particularly acute. To ensure the economic independence of rural territorial communities, it is necessary to implement land decentralization, with the transfer of authority to own, use and dispose of agricultural land to rural territorial communities outside the united territorial communities. For these purposes, an inventory of state-owned agricultural lands should be made as soon as possible, and they should be transferred to the communal ownership of rural territorial communities, whose disposal will significantly fill community budgets and expand their opportunities on the way to financial independence and self-sufficiency.Recent research and publications analysis. The following prominent scientists Zhalilo Ya., Shevchenko O., Romanova V. dealt with the issues of development of rural settlements in the conditions of decentralization of management, they revealed their research in a scientific report: «Decentralization of power: agenda for the medium term» (2019). Theoretical aspects of the decentralization process were studied in the scientific researches of Rossoha V., Plotnikova M., and their studies were given in the scientific article «Development of rural areas of Ukraine in the conditions of decentralization of management: state, problems, prospects» (2019). Tytarenko T. «Some aspects of land management in the context of decentralization of power» (2015), Kulinych P. «The right of the rural community to land in the context of administrative-territorial reform» (2015) investigated the right of the rural community to agricultural land in the context of administrative-territorial reform. Ryabokon V. «Decentralization is the way to the development of rural areas in Ukraine» (2020), Talavyrya M., Gorai A. «Development of rural areas in the conditions of decentralization» (2018) studied the process of decentralization in the context of rural development.The paper objective – to consider the essence of the process of land decentralization, in particular the reform of public land management, and the transfer of executive powers in the field of land relations to local authorities to ensure financial capacity of rural communities.The paper main body. The article substantiates the need for land decentralization, namely the transfer of powers of executive authorities to own, use and dispose of state-owned agricultural land at the local level. This process will enable the financial self-sufficiency of the local community, and increase their role in the management of land resources located within the united territorial communities. Local governments, the private sector of the economy will be responsible for their own socio-economic and cultural development, and ensuring a high level, quality of life and environmental safety of the community. The article focuses on theoretical and methodological approaches to defining the concept of rural territorial communities, their structural and economic differences from urban communities. It is proposed the scientific and practical recommendations for regulatory, legal, organizational and financial support of the process of decentralization of state land management bodies, with the transfer of the main means of production in rural areas - state-owned agricultural lands to the communal property of rural communities and their associations. It is also important to fix the concept of rural territorial community and their powers to manage agricultural land in the Law «On Local Self-Government», to clearly distinguish between rural communities and urban, and their powers, for the latter, agricultural land - is not the main means of agricultural production and cannot be an object of communal property of urban territorial communities. As a result of the land decentralization reform, it is necessary to carry out a large-scale structural reorganization of central executive bodies, namely to reorganize the State Geocadastre of Ukraine, to transfer part of its functions to newly created public administration bodies: State Land Agency of Ukraine (State Land Agency), and its territorial subdivisions (regional level management),State Land Fund of Ukraine (State Land Fund), State Land Inspectorate of Ukraine (State Land Inspectorate). The main functions and powers of the State Land Agency are to determine: approval of land management policy, state land management (those land plots which, according to the law, cannot be transferred to communal ownership of rural territorial communities), regulation of agricultural land circulation, the right to repurchase agricultural land, and direction land to an efficient and conscientious land user. The main functions of the State Land Fund are: issuing loans for farmers secured by land or for the purchase of agricultural land for agricultural production. It is also expedient to create a separate state institution - the State Inspectorate for Agricultural Land Protection, which would exercise state supervision (control) in the agro-industrial complex in terms of compliance with land legislation, use and protection of agricultural land of all forms of ownership, soil fertility, to replace the liquidated State Inspectorate. agriculture, whose functions were entrusted to the State Service for Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre. Also clearly differentiate in the law the powers of the State Inspectorate for Agricultural Land Protection and the State Ecological Inspectorate, which also nominally carries out similar supervision. Local self-government bodies to leave self-governing control on the ground over observance of land legislation. In our opinion, this reorganization is more in line with the issues of land relations development that arise as a result of large-scale land reform.Conclusions of the research. In general, the decentralization reform provides local self-government with opportunities to plan and manage local community development, but their implementation requires broader powers. Therefore, the transfer of powers to local executive bodies in the field of land management to local governments will strengthen the economic growth of rural communities, improve infrastructure, create and maintain social facilities for cultural development, protect the rights of local land users and encourage young people to stay in the community of rural areas and build the country's agricultural potential.

The article deals with the policy of "fraternal protection" of indigenous people and the intrusion of land into their awnings, articulated with the colonization project implemented by the republican government in the north of Rio Grande do Sul, via the Land and Colonization Directorate. It initially analyzes the policy of fraternal protection of indigenous people, and then the delimitation of the space of indigenous awnings and the release of public land for colonization, as well as the unfolding of this policy in the daily activities of the Land and Colonization Commission. We conclude that the policy of "fraternal protection" of the positivist government, in particular of its most humanist wing, was confronted with unscrupulous public officials, who did not know the reality of the indigenous people and striked actions that produced conflicts within the public sphere in charge of the colonization processes and with the indigenous people. We also conclude that there were multiple interests around the land, a fact that resulted in the indigenous villages. Keywords: Rio Grande do Sul. Indigenous awnings. Fraternal protection.

There is something special about land, muses Brett Christophers, in his powerful expose of its systematic privatisation in neoliberal Britain: “It is finite, but it is also ubiquitous, making it fu...

How do managers reconcile new priorities for responding to ecological change with traditional decision-making processes? We address this question with a focus on the US Forest Service, which is tra...

In this essay, I argue that neoliberalism should be thought of ecologically. Working from the ecological turn in rhetorical studies, I hold that ecology is often used as a framework to describe how...

This article deals with the policy of fraternal protection of indigenous people and the intrusion of land into their awnings, articulated with the colonization project implemented by the republican government in the north of Rio Grande do Sul, via the Land and Colonization Directorate; it analyses initially the policy of fraternal protection of indigenous people, outlined and defended by Torres Goncalves, and then the delimitation of the space of indigenous awnings and the release of public land for colonization, as well as the unfolding of this policy in the daily activities of the Land and Colonization Commission. The sources revolve around the Report of the Directorate of Lands and Colonization of the state, between 1910 and 1920. We conclude that the policy of fraternal protection of the positivist government, in particular of its most humanist wing, was confronted with unscrupulous public officials, who did not know the reality of the indigenous people and printed actions that produced conflicts within the public sphere in charge of the colonization processes and with the indigenous people; as well as that there were multiple interests around the land, a fact that resulted in the indigenous aldeaments.

This article explores technological sovereignty as a way to respond to anxieties of control in digital urban contexts, and argues that this may promise a more meaningful social license to operate smart cities. First, we present an overview of smart city developments with a critical focus on corporatization and platform urbanism. We critique Alphabet's Sidewalk Labs development in Toronto, which faces public backlash from the #BlockSidewalk campaign in response to concerns over not just privacy, but also lack of community consultation, the prospect of the city losing its civic ability to self-govern, and its repossession of public land and infrastructure. Second, we explore what a more responsible smart city could look like, underpinned by technological sovereignty, which is a way to use technologies to promote individual and collective autonomy and empowerment via ownership, control, and self-governance of data and technologies. To this end, we juxtapose the Sidewalk Labs development in Toronto with the Barcelona Digital City plan. We illustrate the merits (and limits) of technological sovereignty moving toward a fairer and more equitable digital society.

Many veterans returning from military deployment experience stress- or trauma-related symptoms that make reintegration with civilian society difficult. Nature exposure and outdoor recreation can be important parts of alternative and complementary approaches to reduce symptoms and build on veterans’ pre-existing strengths. Multiple outdoor programs now exist for veterans; many of these occur on federal public lands and present a variety of needs, opportunities, and challenges. This paper relies on interviews (n = 36) with public land managers, program providers and participants, health professionals, and veterans to enhance understanding about outdoor programs for veterans (OPVs). We develop a typology of OPVs to help land managers understand current and potential programs, and then describe programs’ varying dimensions. We examine opportunities and challenges for land managers in their interactions with OPVs. Results inform policymakers and public officials interested in developing more effective institutional partnerships and programs that engage and serve veterans and their communities. Study Implications: With growing scientific evidence of the benefits of nature-based therapy, nature exposure, and outdoor recreation for veterans, programming for veterans on public lands has proliferated. Public land-management agencies vary in the extent to which they have systematically organized to provide opportunities for veterans, developed partnerships to support veterans’ health, and explicitly acknowledged agency roles in serving veterans. We describe seven types of outdoor programs for veterans (OPVs) that currently serve this population: supported outdoor activity; guided outdoor activity; retreat; outdoor job training; stewardship or service; horticulture, farming or gardening; and animal-assisted therapy. Each OPV type has different needs for infrastructure, outdoor spaces, and administrative or programmatic engagement. OPVs occurring on public lands typically involve one or more partner organizations, such as commercial outfitters and guides, health providers, veterans’ associations, foundations, corporations, and research institutions. There is potential for public land-management agencies to expand their role as institutional leaders in support of veterans’ health by facilitating the use of public lands as therapeutic landscapes. By enhancing new and existing relations with OPV providers, health providers, and other government agencies, public land agencies could expand benefits to veterans and spur broader societal benefits.

Public lands can provide a wide range of environmental benefits. Granting protective status to these lands generally imposes restrictions on resource development and extraction activities a...

This article examines changes in the allocation of urban land in Egypt between 1975–2011 with the rise and incorporation of state authoritarianism and neoliberal economics in what I call ‘authoritarian neoliberalism’. Authoritarian neoliberalism in Egypt transferred ownership of urban lands from public wealth to an affluent class of local and foreign capitalists – often in a non-transparent fashion. The article focuses on the government's legally sanctioned practices of subsidisations, privatisations and evictions as they relate to what I call, inspired by David Harvey's formulation, the accumulation of wealth by dispossession. Dispossession of public urban land, I maintain, generated widespread resentment that played a vital, but inadequately discussed, role in the series of revolts that culminated in the 2011 uprising in Egypt. Social tensions engendered in this authoritarian neoliberal regime, I argue, endure under the administration of President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, who continues to transfer public urban lands, from lower to higher socioeconomic classes, at an even faster pace than his predecessor.

¿Es posible que el gobierno de turno reparta tierras baldías para premiar a los electores y aumentar el apoyo electoral? Los gobiernos utilizan mecanismos distributivos para obtener réditos electorales. Este trabajo analiza la relación entre la adjudicación de baldíos y las elecciones de 1930 a 1946 –cuando el partido liberal se consolidó como fuerza electoral– mediante un modelo de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios que incluye más de 600 municipios. Los resultados muestran que la adjudicación de baldíos favoreció a municipios liberales, aunque no está asociada con mayorías electorales del partido liberal en 1946. Is it possible that public land allocation by the government might be a mechanism to reward voters and, eventually, increase electoral support? The literature suggests that governments use distributive mechanisms to obtain electoral revenues. To analyze this, we assessed the relation between land allocation and elections between 1930 and 1946, when the Liberal Party was consolidated as the main electoral force. We implemented an Ordinary Least Squares model for more than 600 municipalities and the results show that public land allocation did favor the liberal municipalities, although it is not associated with the electoral results of the Liberal Party in the 1946 elections.

ContextLandscape science relies on foundational concepts of landscape ecology and seeks to understand the physical, biological, and human components of ecosystems to support land management decision-making. Incorporating landscape science into land management decisions, however, remains challenging. Many lands in the western United States are federally owned and managed for multiple uses, including recreation, conservation, and energy development.ObjectiveWe argue for stronger integration of landscape science into the management of these public lands.MethodsWe open by outlining the relevance of landscape science for public land planning, management, and environmental effects analysis, including pertinent laws and policies. We identify challenges to integrating landscape science into public land management, including the multijurisdictional nature and complicated spatial pattern of public lands, the capacity of agencies to identify and fill landscape science needs, and perceptions about the meaning of landscape approaches to management.ResultsWe provide several recent examples related to landscape monitoring, restoration, reclamation, and conservation in which landscape science products were developed specifically to support decision-making.ConclusionsWe close by highlighting three actions—elevating the importance of science-management partnerships dedicated to coproducing actionable landscape science products, identifying where landscape science could foster efficiencies in the land-use planning process, and developing scenario-based landscape models for shrublands—that could improve landscape science support for public land planners and managers.

The fishing settlements in Karama Village have different characteristics from other settlements, because this village still maintains Mandar culture in terms of physical and non-physical aspects such as weaving lipa 'saqbe activities, fisherman cultural rituals, sandeq races, and other cultural rituals that are carried out every year. But as its development, its existence can experience a shift. This condition can occur with the presence of other cultures both intentionally or unconsciously influenced by the economic activities of the community. This study aims to identify shifts in the cultural value of the community in Karama Village, especially in the aspect of community economic activity, through stages of identifying land-use change; analyzing it changes in Karama Village due to community economic activities; formulating an analysis of policy implications for dealing with land-use change problems in Karama Village. The results of the study indicate a change in governance and land-use change in Karama Village, with seventy-four percent of buildings changing their function from residential to trade and industry, eighteen percent of buildings experienced an increase in building area due to community economic activities. Meanwhile, twenty-eight percent of buildings do not increase their building area but use their public land for economic activities Those change has significant implications for socio-economic activities that are specifically in the cultural element that is related to the economic system or livelihoods

"Access to space is fundamentally related to social status and power...changing the allocation of space is inherently related to changing society" (Weisman, 1992) In contemporary London, a pattern has emerged whereby private corporations create and take ownership of public space, but the type of publicness they promote is conditional. In private-public space, private property masquerades as public land with rules of inhabitation often impenetrable, unknowable until they are broken. International owners activate networks of relations beyond the local; I question how private-public space fits with local communities, and how these networks shift notions of authenticity and inauthenticity in relation to public belonging. There is a specific focus on the public square as a form of private-public space, because the city square has a long-established spatial identity that embodies notions of publicity. The public square stimulates and contains public life, and neoliberal dynamics of ownership and management threaten public assemblages. Private-public squares do not fit into the majority of theories that have been developed on place, public space and private dynamics, but they are exemplative of a type of space increasingly prominent in Britain. I focus on four private-public squares in London to examine what can be learnt when a format of space is reproduced under incompatible conditions. How do these spaces work on a quotidian level and how does this intervention in public life shift urban identities and behavioural paradigms? The basis of my research is to examine concepts of publicness and privateness and how they apply to private-public squares in London, whilst utilising the practice of photography, observation and inhabitation to gain empirical ethnographic evidence. My research intends to assemble a toolkit to facilitate understanding about pseudo-public space, rather than ascribe fixed meanings to a subject which requires specificity.

Purpose This study aims to clarify the scope of the legal procedure of the acquisitive prescription in Russia. Design/methodology/approach Dialectical method, historical method and system analysis method have been used. Findings The authors consistently prove the inadmissibility of applying acquisitive prescription to land plots in private, state or municipal ownership. One of the features of Russia as an emerging market economy is that, the major part of state lands is in so-called “non-delineated state ownership.” Plots included in such lands are not registered in the cadaster or transferred to particular public owners. That is why, the authors prove that the procedure of acquisitive prescription must be applied only in relation to land plots that are in non-delineated state ownership and have been occupied by citizens and legal entities for 15 years. Originality/value The authors propose new guarantees of the rights of private and public land owners. Clarification of the scope of the acquisitive prescription procedure will streamline the turnover of real estate in Russia.

This paper traces the history of the ‘Butleng’ commonage in the Free State, South Africa. Commonage is municipally owned land available for public use. The post-apartheid government provided grants...

Urban space in Vientiane has been produced and reproduced by different driving forces. Although this space has been examined extensively in academic literature, very few scholars have studied these production processes. The objective of this paper is therefore to: 1) investigate the history of the urban planning and development from the French colonial to the neoliberal periods; 2) analyze vision, policy and the major driving forces in the urban development; and 3) examine the main actors in the implementation of the urban development vision, including an analysis of who benefits from this process. The study uses qualitative and documentary research methodologies, to interview key informants. The result finds that the city has been restructured many times. The urban development vision has been adjusted to global development trends. Neoliberal policy has been applied as the major driving forces in urban development. Many urban projects use private investment and joint ventures between state and private enterprises, and between domestic and foreign companies. Property developers from China and Laos are the main actors in these projects. The projects cause some state agencies and communities are moved to resettle in the outskirts. The movement has both voluntary and involuntary patterns. Involuntary resettlement and its impact have been compensated by the private project developers. Beneficiaries from this process can be summarized as follows: 1) Direct beneficiaries include the state, capitalists and upper-class households; and 2) Local people, especially middle- and lower-classes have benefited indirectly from improved infrastructure services. However, private companies have monopolized their economic interests on public land based on frameworks of concession contracts.

The main provisions of the theory of reflective action of law are considered in the article. The manifestation of law reflexes in modern legal regulation is analysed on the example of land relations. Land, as the basis of life and activity of peoples who live in the territory of the Russian Federation, acts not only as an economic good and a natural resource, but also as the object of a number of property and personal non-property relations connected with them. The institution of public land easement is considered by the authors to be a reflex of law, that is, the restriction of the subjective right of a particular owner of a land plot in the interests of society, the state. The issue of the limitation of the right of land private ownership is raised on the basis of an analysis of legislation and judicial practice. The problem of the limits of the action of public easements simultaneously aimed not only at the normal exercise of all property rights by the land plot owner, but also at preserving the favourable state of the environment, at ensuring the subjective rights of other participants in land legal relations, at the implementation of a single land policy of the state indicated in the context of the development of land legislation of the Russian Federation. The conclusion, that the use of the right reflex construction has a beneficial effect on strengthening legal certainty in the face of imbalances in private and public interests in land law, is made.

The paper provides a systematic approach, the theoretical and methodological aspects of analyzing the formation of demand for the use of the transport and logistic infrastructures of the region when forming the regional module of the intelligent transport and logistic system are considered. On the basis of the main provisions of the theory of "growth poles" in the regional, federal and world economies, a proactive management of the development of the transport and logistics structure of the region is proposed taking into account the criteria of its effectiveness, which take into account not only the development of the transport and logistic infrastructure of the region, its socio-economic development, but also the development of transport and logistics infrastructure and the socio-economic development of the subjects adjacent to it. This will allow in the future, solving the problem of the spatial development of the transport and logistics infrastructure of the regions, to solve the problem of the spatial development of the Russian Federation. Analysis of the formation of demand for the use of international transport corridors passing through the region should be carried out taking into account the study of the transport and logistics needs of the regions based on the criteria for the effectiveness of the functioning of the national transport and logistics system. It was proposed to carry out research, planning, forecasting of transport and logistics needs of production, trade, transport and logistics organizations, customers and consumers of transport services, using the capabilities of the regional transport and logistic information system (RTLIS). RTLIS is an electronic information resource accumulating information related to transport and logistics operations carried out in the region or carried out through the region. The system includes various portals, including a portal for electronic placement of orders for transport and logistic services. In the study of transport and logistic needs, intra-regional and transit cargo flows, terminal complexes and warehouses, transport mobility of the population, attendance of public centers of gravity, places of work, study and service are investigated; single acts of transportation of goods by the population. In the study of transport services, enterprises that form and absorb cargo flows, the capabilities of terminal complexes, all types of public land vehicles, which form passenger traffic, personal travel by personal transport, and rolling stock capacity are considered. The development of methods for automated analysis of the formation of demand will make it possible to efficiently use the transport and logistic system of the region, increase the efficiency of enterprises’ production activities and improve the quality of transport services for the population.