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This paper seeks to answer a pivotal question: Can the Al-Aqsa Flood change the regional and international equations of conflict? The paper attempts to foresee paths towards peace post-Al-Aqsa phase, viewing the projection of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict as closely linked to past events and negotiations. The paper deconstructs its contents and statements to reveal their failure and collapse. It argues that the Al-Aqsa Flood brought the Palestinian issue back to the forefront of global attention after it was forgotten. It was an attempt to confront the Zionist project, and a direct response to Israeli policies, and a rejection of the shifting geography of normalization and its extensions in defense of Palestinian rights to land, Jerusalem, and the return of refugees. These are issues delayed by the Oslo Accords and denied by the Deal of the Century, undermining the Palestinian cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the 1930s to the 1960s, Indigenous activists in Ecuador unsettled the prevailing paradigm of acculturation, practicing literacies that advanced their capacities for political mobilization around labor and land rights. Leaders on the haciendas of Cayambe allied with the Communist Party of Ecuador to organize their locally grounded politics against an urban-based indigenista movement. Both movements highlighted the need for Indigenous emancipation from the confines of the feudalistic labor system but diverged in their visions of Indigenous agency. Labor activists recognized that landowners relied on education for social control, so they made autonomous schooling a central hallmark of their struggle. Previous scholarship, focused on 1980s state directives for intercultural bilingual education, has not explored the orientation of Cayambe's early schools toward labor rights pedagogy. Analyzing textbooks, periodicals, and oral histories, I argue that Cayambe's teachers pursued notions of national inclusion that fused citizenship rights with socialist ideals and practices of Indigenous autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Past studies mainly focused on the effects of the lack of a pastoral land tenure security system. There is scarcity of evidence regarding the effects of pastoral land tenure insecurity in the context of cross-border environmental resource governance and sustainability that the present study attempted to contribute. The main objective of this study is therefore to assess how far the state land tenure system has impacted environmental resource governance and sustainability along the Ethiopia–Kenya border. The study employed a qualitative method in which key informant interviews, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions were utilized as the primary data collection methods; moreover, the legal documents of the two states, journal articles, official reports of governmental, and nongovernmental organizations report and other relevant secondary sources were assessed in the review of the literature. Data were collected from various respondents from the pastoralists, nongovernmental organizations, and government bodies from local, national, regional, and international organization representatives. The findings of the study showed that in both states, the government laws and policies adopted have not taken into account the pastoral way of life. In addition, the lack of tenure security for the pastoralists has endangered cross-border environmental resource governance and sustainability. The pastoral landholding system is communally influenced mainly by states' interests and human encroachments. It is vital that pastoral policies should accommodate pastoral felt needs and interests in which the voices of pastoralists are heard in the policy-making process; hence, there should be a special representation for the pastoral people in the regional and federal legislature (in Ethiopia) and central government parliament (in Kenya), and there should be a cross-border pastoralists forum to ensure better environmental resource governance in the borderland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of law as a social process should combine an analysis of structures from a political economy perspective with a sociological focus on the practices of lawyering in mediating social relations and conflicts through the formulation and interpretation of legal texts. This approach is applied here to software, which has become the oxygen of the world economy, powering the digitalisation that has transformed economic activities and social life. The forms this has taken have been moulded by lawyers, battling over intellectual property rights in computer programs, enshrining them in national law and international standards, as well as devising the international tax avoidance strategies that have helped propel the giant digital-tech transnational corporations to global dominance. These contests have taken place through processes of formulation and interpretation of the legal concepts that both reflect and shape social struggles over economic and political power, mediated by law, in contemporary corporate capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The SA DTA was updated to better serve the South African research community by providing clarity on exactly when – at what stage during research – institutions hold rights to the data they generate in collaborative research contexts where raw data are received and integrated with other data. SA DTA 1.1 introduces significant enhancements in data governance, focusing on the explicit definition and management of ‘inferential data’. Objectives. To introduce SA DTA 1.1 and demonstrate its practical application in real-world research contexts. Methods. Using a descriptive design, the study presents two practical case studies: one involving two universities and another a university and a pharmaceutical company. The first case focuses on identifying genetic markers for neurodegenerative diseases, while the second addresses genetic markers for chronic diseases. Results. In the first case study, the entity conducting the analysis generated inferential data independently, thereby gaining sole rights in such data. In the second case study, both collaborating entities contributed to the data analysis, leading to joint rights in the inferential data. These findings demonstrate the flexibility and clarity provided by SA DTA 1.1 in managing data ownership and intellectual property rights. Conclusion. SA DTA 1.1 significantly advances data governance by providing clear and adaptable guidelines for data rights in collaborative research. It supports ethical and efficient data sharing, protecting researchers’ interests and fostering global scientific innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumers increasingly purchase through m‐channels, including apps. Accordingly, marketers have enhanced immersive, sensorial aspects of m‐channels, such as including vibrations while making in‐app purchases. Given discrepant findings, it remains unclear whether adding such vibrotactile feedback affects consumer decision making. The present research addresses: (1) Whether adding vibrotactile feedback influences consumers' anticipated product satisfaction and purchase confidence, and (2) if so, how? Through an online pilot survey, two online experiments, and one lab experiment, this research finds that adding vibrotactile feedback to m‐channels increases consumers' anticipated product satisfaction, but not purchase confidence. Moreover, perceived ownership mediates this effect, because the vibrations offer a sense of control over the product during the purchase process. This research makes several contributions. First, it documents that control elicited via vibrations offers an alternative means to psychological ownership, as opposed to imagining touch. Second, we offer this haptic route as a means to achieve the stimulation motivation driving perceived ownership, different from prior visual routes. Third, it potentially reconciles literature conflicts regarding the effect of vibrotactile feedback on consumer decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legal certainty in property ownership is crucial for protecting the rights and interests of property owners. This study examines the legal certainty provided by ownership certificates for flats under Indonesia's "Law No. 20 of 2011" (UURS). It also explores the legal implications of constructing flats on land with building use rights, a status that differs from full ownership rights. Using a normative research method, the study analyzes relevant laws, regulations, and academic literature to understand how legal frameworks govern flat ownership and ensure the legitimacy of ownership certificates. The findings reveal that ownership certificates for flats confer private ownership of specific units and related common areas, but legal challenges arise when flats are constructed on land with building use rights, especially concerning the renewal of these rights. The study underscores the importance of continuous legal oversight and clear legislative guidelines to maintain and strengthen legal certainty over ownership certificates. Additionally, it highlights the potential legal risks and uncertainties that flat owners may face if the underlying land rights are not properly managed or renewed. The study concludes that while ownership certificates offer significant legal protection, the dependence on building use rights for the underlying land introduces potential vulnerabilities. Future research should explore the legal and practical implications of the expiration and renewal of building use rights, the impact on flat ownership, and alternative legal frameworks that could provide greater security for property owners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land registration is an important step in the land administration system to reduce disputes, increase transparency, and ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations. However, in practice, there are many cases where individuals or groups try to control or claim rights to land that do not belong to them personally, through various unlawful means, including unauthorized certification. This study aims to know and analyze in depth the conditions that must be met in the registration of inherited land and the legal consequences for cultivators/appointees who wrongfully certify land that does not belongs to them. Specifically, this study focuses on the specific legal requirements for registering inherited property and the implications for individuals who attempt to register land illegitimately, highlighting the potential legal repercussions and the need for enforcement of property rights. The findings of this study can be used as a reference for policymakers and legal practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the paid withdrawal of rural homesteads has become a widely discussed topic within the academic community. However, from the perspective of protecting farmers' rights and interests, literature exploring the impact of this policy's implementation remains scarce. As the reform of the separation of the three rights of the homestead deepens, disputes related to paid withdrawal of homesteads have escalated rapidly. This study aims to highlight the importance of protecting farmers' rights and interests, seeking to enhance their property rights and revitalize unused rural resources. Employing a case study methodology, this study systematically examines the issue of farmers' rights and interests protection during homestead withdrawal. This analysis is based on the survey, collection, and evaluation of 324 judicial cases. The findings reveal the following: (1) Disputes involving paid withdrawal of homesteads encompass the entire withdrawal process, with the majority of conflicts arising during the withdrawal stage. (2) Prior to withdrawal, farmers express heightened concern regarding their political rights, particularly the right to be informed and to participate in withdrawal decisions. (3) During the withdrawal process, farmers prioritize resettlement and compensation rights. Additionally, novel issues such as the allocation of withdrawal compensation surface after farmers receive resettlement and compensation benefits. (4) After withdrawal, farmers anticipate more suitable "alternative" social rights and remedies. Based on these findings, this study presents policy recommendations for realizing farmers' rights and interests in the context of paid withdrawal of rural homesteads. These suggestions include consistently respecting farmers' autonomy and preserving their political rights throughout the withdrawal procedure. During the withdrawal stage, emphasis should be placed on the comprehensive value of resettlement compensation, encompassing both the residential and social security aspects of rural homesteads. Post-withdrawal, farmers' social rights and the development rights of their homesteads ought to be fully guaranteed, ensuring a harmonious balance between farmers' immediate and long-term interests. Furthermore, optimizing the dispute resolution mechanism stands as a pivotal aspect of safeguarding farmers' rights and interests through legal recourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China's rural land system, the collective owns the land, and farmers, as members of the collective, can acquire land contractual management rights through land contracting. With the second round of land contracts nearing expiration, the central government has announced that the term should be extended for 30 years. This paper introduces the theory of psychological ownership to explore the implementation paths of the 30-year extension policy. The study finds that (1) farmers generally exhibit strong psychological ownership towards the contracted land. (2) The Household Contract Responsibility System satisfies the three routes for the formation of psychological ownership—control, intimate knowledge, and self-investment. As the duration of farmers' possession of contracted land extends, their psychological ownership gradually forms and strengthens. (3) Farmers' psychological ownership has both positive and negative effects. The 30-year extension policy must adhere to the path dependence formed by the evolution of the land contract system, comply with the institutional constraints imposed by rural land collective ownership, and simultaneously meet the practical demands posed by urban–rural integration and agricultural development. Drawing on the complex effects of farmers' psychological ownership and considering the historical, institutional, and practical contexts of policy implementation, this study proposes the dual necessity of facilitating and restraining farmers' psychological ownership when extending for another 30 years and offers corresponding policy suggestions. Facilitation requires empowering farmers with more stable land possession and stronger land rights. Restraint requires preventing the permanent locking of rural land allocation patterns to achieve fair and efficient land allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 (hereinafter "MWPSC Act") of India, specifically section 23, addresses the responsibility of heirs towards their parents' maintenance and the consequences of failure in such obligations. This article critically evaluates the interpretation and application of section 23, focusing on the judicial reasoning, implications on property rights, and comparisons with international jurisprudence. The article proposes a balanced approach to ensure equitable enforcement while safeguarding third-party interests and the broader legal landscape. It advocates for a nuanced understanding of the statute, emphasizing the need for explicit conditions, limitations on resorting to section 23, and harmonizing maintenance obligations with property rights. Drawing from foreign legal systems, this article underscores the uniqueness of Indian legislation while highlighting the absence of similar provisions in other jurisdictions. By analysing the interpretation and application of section 23 of the MWPSC Act, this article contributes to the broader discourse on balancing legislative intent, public policy, familial obligations, and property rights in the context of elder care in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of the rapid urban and cultural renaissance in Dubai and the need to expropriate real estate owned by individuals, this paper discusses the protection of individual property in the Emirate of Dubai Real Estate Expropriation Law of 2022. It has sought to examine and investigate the process of expropriation of individual property under the Emirate of Dubai Expropriation Law No. (2) of 2022 and to show that the Dubai legislature has narrowed the concept of public benefit and defined the conditions and mechanism of expropriation, the body responsible for issuing expropriation decisions, and what procedures should be followed. This study is of great importance as it shows that property rights are protected under the UAE Federal Constitution of 1971 and the Emirate of Dubai Real Estate Expropriation Law of 2022. It contributes to illuminating the way for the expropriation committee to take the necessary measures that help determine the fair compensation that should be paid to the owner of the expropriated property. It has concluded that expropriation is one of the most dangerous interferences with property rights and this interference is restricted to exercise in the public benefit and exchange for fair compensation. Our findings, however, emphasise the need to set controls and standards for the concept of public benefit and introduce a right to appeal the expropriation committee's decision before the court. In this research, we adopt a mix of descriptive, analytical, and inductive approaches to thoroughly evaluate and link the legislative texts and judicial rulings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The persistent and increasing domination of the state in China's contemporary capitalist development leads many to apply the vague concept of state capitalism to China's economic model. Comparing China with the earlier Asian developmental states, I discuss the distinctiveness of China's state capitalism, underlined by the state's paternalistic disposition toward capital and the weakness in private property protection. I argue that the subordination of capital to the political imperative of the Communist party-state, as well as the party-state elite's explicit reference to the state's paternalistic discipline of capital in the Qing dynasty, illustrates a connection between today's statist economic model and Qing dynasty's familial statism, under which the Manchu state conceptualized and governed the empire as an imagined hierarchal-communalist patrilineage. Comparing and connecting state-capital relations in China's past and present will help us better understand the nature of economic governance in China today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Are property rights absolute? This paper attempts to reframe this question by drawing on insights from the field of social ontology. My main claim is that, even if we accept the most extreme view of the absoluteness of property rights, there are some non-normative conceptual limitations to these rights. The conceptual limitations are based on two claims about the nature of property rights and their subject matter, namely objects in the world: (1) property law regulates relations between persons through the use of objects, and not relations between persons and objects; (2) even when owned, objects retain some of their 'independent', unowned, existence. Taken together, these claims confine property law to the institutional meaning that is given to objects, which is distinct from their social and natural meanings. Since property law defines objects in a certain way, it makes space for other social considerations but without the need to qualify property rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Business Studies is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Frictions that impede the mobility of workers across occupations and space are a prominent feature of developing countries. We disentangle the role of insecure property rights from other labor-mobility frictions for the reallocation of labor from agriculture to nonagriculture and from rural to urban areas. We combine rich household and individual-level panel data from China and an equilibrium quantitative framework featuring sorting of workers across locations and occupations. We explicitly model the farming household and the endogenous decisions of who operates the family farm and who potentially migrates, capturing an additional channel of selection in the household. We find that land insecurity has substantial negative effects on agricultural productivity and structural change, raising the share of rural households operating farms by over 40 percentage points and depressing agricultural productivity by more than 20%. Comparatively, these quantitative effects are as large as those from all residual labor-mobility frictions. We measure a sharp reduction in overall labor-mobility barriers over 2004–2018 in the Chinese economy, all accounted for by improved land security, consistent with reforms covering rural land in China during the period. JEL Codes : O11, O14, O4, E02, Q1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alauddin Law Development Journal is the property of Alauddin Law Development Journal (ALDEV) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Alauddin Law Development Journal is the property of Alauddin Law Development Journal (ALDEV) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The global push for renewable energy must overcome the local challenge of convincing neighboring landowners to lease their properties for wind power. Is this challenge more or less pronounced in rural landscapes with small landholdings? Our theoretical model combines ideas from literatures on the commons, anticommons, and spatial externalities to explain conditions when small landholdings could promote or inhibit voluntary leasing. Empirically, we estimate the effects of landholding size and landscape fragmentation on wind farm uptake across rural areas of the United States over the past 20 years. Evidence from three spatial levels of analysis (counties, square‐mile sections, and individual parcels) indicates that areas with more landowners have less installed wind capacity after controlling for windiness, access to transmission lines, and other relevant factors that vary across and within counties. The findings imply that fragmented ownership, which is an overlooked factor in studies of the feasibility of decarbonization, will pose an impediment to future wind expansion on private land as remaining areas without wind development become disproportionately fragmented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journalism Research is the property of Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

AbstractThis study explores the underexplored application of benchmarking in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) among Chinese A-listed companies from 2010 to 2020. The results reveal a positive relationship between CSR performance and local best practices, indicating benchmarking’s influence on CSR activities. Notably, benefits like increased market value, robust revenue, and heightened analyst attention signify positive market signals, motivating companies to enhance their CSR performance. The impacts on CSR performance varies significantly based on leader companies’ CSR scores, ages, and follower companies’ ownership properties, sizes, and locations. Our findings offer valuable insights into CSR motivations and the performance effects of best practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expansion of home ownership in Australia in the second half of the twentieth century was accompanied by a new vernacular geography – the mortgage belt. From the 1970s, such belts around major cities were frequently said to be crucial to federal and state elections. This article examines where political commentary located mortgage belt areas in Sydney and Melbourne and finds that it encompassed a diverse range of places often, but not always, on their urban edges. Their residents were believed to be particularly sensitive about interest rates but also other risks. While the politics of outer suburbia has often been posited as conservative, it is argued that such areas were electorally nuanced and reflected longstanding contingency in Australia around expectations of government that stands in contrast to conservatism elsewhere. These areas also highlight the continuing significance of popular access to property ownership as a theme of Australian political history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important measure to achieve high‐quality economic development in China, the implementation of low‐carbon city pilot policy (LCCP) will inevitably have an impact on enterprises' environmental protection behavior, but the empirical evidence in this field is limited. Therefore, based on the data of Chinese A‐share listed industrial enterprises in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2008 to 2020, this paper empirically tests the impact of LCCP on corporate environmental performance (EP) and its mechanism of action by using the multiperiod difference‐in‐difference (DID) method. The results show that (1) the implementation of LCCP has significantly improved EP, and after a series of necessary tests such as parallel trend and placebo, the conclusion remains robust. (2) LCCP promotes enterprises to improve their EP mainly through the pressure of environmental supervision, financing constraints, and market competition. (3) The policy effect of LCCP varies with the nature of enterprise property rights, pollution attributes, and technical level. State‐owned enterprises, heavily polluting enterprises, and high‐tech enterprises respond more positively to LCCP, and the effect of EP improvement affected by the policy is more obvious. Further analysis shows that facing the pressure of environmental policy, state‐owned enterprises mainly deal with it through two methods: increasing environmental protection investment and strengthening green innovation; heavy‐polluting enterprises tend to increase investment in environmental protection; high‐tech enterprises mainly benefit from the improvement of the green innovation level. Our findings have important policy implications for improving LCCP to achieve high‐quality economic development based on the improvement of EP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the interaction between Syrian refugees’ entrepreneurship and the social contract of Kurdistan Region of Iraq using qualitative method. The findings confirm that the low level of social contract’s recognition of refugee resources as property rights had a negative effect on their entrepreneurship activities. In contrast, the provisions provided by the government, as part of the social contract helped refugees utilize their resources, which played a positive role in motivating refugee entrepreneurship. Regarding the impact of refugee entrepreneurship on the social contract, there was no top-down change, even with indications of change agency. This can be explained by the low level of participation, in the social contract, and the weakness of entrepreneur associations. For bottom-up change, refugee entrepreneurs tended to challenge the exclusiveness and clientelism in the social contract by increasingly deviating from standard processes, which lead to some de facto change. This research enhances our insights of refugees’ entrepreneurship and integration in the context of the social contract and its change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accelerated development of society and the rapid advancement of urbanization are among the reasons for the current shortage of land resources. In China, the pressure of land resource shortage, the increasing height and complexity of buildings in cities, and the inadequate spatial expression ability of two‐dimensional (2D) real estate data pose challenges to government departments that use 2D real estate data as basic management elements. Currently, an effective solution is to establish a three‐dimensional (3D) building property rights model. However, this approach has low modeling efficiency, and the model cannot be divided into floor and house, cannot be linked to property rights information, and has a large size and high input cost. To address these problems, this paper presents an automatic method of constructing a 3D building property model based on visual programming language (VPL). The compatibility of this method with several different building types is tested, and the differences in cost, efficiency, and model size between this method and other modeling methods are compared and analyzed. Results show that the average modeling time has been reduced to less than 2 min, representing an efficiency improvement of over 80%. Furthermore, the model size has been reduced by more than 90%. This method cannot only stereoscopize 2D real estate data but also obtain the building property rights model with floor and house and property rights information while ensuring the small model size and low cost. Moreover, this method provides technical support for the 3D management of real estate in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBy the end of the 19th century, shifts in forest property rights and associated forest uses by rural communities in Europe had affected both rural livelihood conditions and ecological functioning of forests. This was the case in the Landes of Gascony in France and Western Galicia in Poland—two European regions that became major international suppliers of forest products in the second half of the 19th century. In this context, we developed an original approach inspired by socio-ecological metabolism studies. We investigated how ecological resources could meet the social needs of rural livelihoods by constructing a new dataset. This dataset includes livestock requirements for feed and bedding, as well as the local resources available to meet these requirements over the 1875–1910 period. This approach allowed us to highlight that in the Landes of Gascony, forest litter played only a minor role in rural livelihood conditions. Quite the contrary, the expansion of forest area occurred to the detriment of moorland, which was actually the main resource for livestock breeding. By contrast, in Western Galicia, forest litter played a slightly secondary yet meaningful role, as the absence of forest litter would have further intensified the already severe pressure on local rural livelihood resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common prosperity is the essence of the superiority of the socialist system and the basic feature of Chinese path to modernization. The most arduous and onerous task of promoting common prosperity still lies in rural areas. Promoting the reform of rural collective property rights system is an important means to enhance the property income of farmers and achieve common prosperity for them. Taking property rights as the starting point, this paper explores the significance of realizing farmer property rights in promoting common prosperity for farmers. Through analyzing the current difficulties faced by granting more property rights to farmers, it attempts to provide practical countermeasures and suggestions for empowering farmers with property rights to achieve common prosperity, in order to provide feasible ideas for accelerating the realization of common prosperity in rural areas of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During China's transition towards land and housing marketization in the 1980s to 1990s, a series of legal and policy arrangements led to the separation of land ownership from land-use rights, followed by the separation of housing ownership from land-use rights. This has institutionally fragmented the housing property rights, allowing properties to be financialized as collaterals. Consequently, the fragmentation of housing property rights inflicts substantial risks on judicial auctions of foreclosed housing. As China's real estate sector is grappling with a mounting debt crisis, it becomes imperative to enhance the efficiency of judicial auctions to address bank debts and stabilize the housing financial system. By employing the cs-QCA method with a dataset comprising 136 cases of foreclosed properties, this study reveals the critical role of various configurations of property-rights risks in determining the outcome of judicial auctions. Additionally, it identifies the importance of credible commitments offered by the courts in mitigating property-rights risks. The research expects to provide practical and theoretical insights for China's courts and financial institutions to manage foreclosed properties effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving best practices in land administration and management systems supporting land rights for all requires sustainable land administration and management, contributing to successful and significant land administration and management systems. There is an increasing need for legal framework reforms to support land administration and management systems. These reforms may enable rural transformation and social inclusion. Central to reform strategies may be decentralisation to improve inclusivity and collaboration between the customary and statutory institutions. Using Soft Systems Methodology to analyse the current land administration and management systems in Ekiti State, Nigeria, will be helpful for policymakers, professionals and academics reforming land administration and management systems. The study findings reveal the need for improvement in land administration and management systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corruption is a serious threat to the stability and security of societies, undermining institutions and democratic values, ethical principles, and justice, as well as sustainable development and the rule of law. It manifests itself in many ways and in a multitude of contexts, affecting almost all human rights, including economic and social rights (i.e., the right to work, the right to food, the right to housing, the right to health, the right to education, the right to public services, the right to development), as well as civil and political rights (i.e., the right to equality and non-discrimination, the right to political participation, the right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial). In this perspective, starting from an examination of the direct and negative impact of corruption on the enjoyment of human rights (Section 1), the analysis that follows focuses on the obligations of States to respect, promote, and above all, protect human rights (i.e., take all necessary measures to ensure their full enjoyment) (Section 2), traces the ECtHR’s most incisive pronouncements on violations of individual guarantees in the context of corruption (Section 3), and highlights the crucial role of the Court’s case law in defining more effective, preventive, and punitive measures against corruption (Section 4). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the Supreme Court case Sackett v. EPA (2023), where the Court applied a new interpretive methodology known as "canonism" to narrow the definition of "adjacent" wetlands under the Clean Water Act. Topics include the role of statutory interpretation in environmental law, the use of textual analysis and linguistic canons in legal decisions, and the implications of the Court's decision on environmental protection and property rights.

The purpose of this paper is to study the degree of deviation from the level of investment in China's sports industry. Subjects of this paper are 39 companies engaged in the sports industry of China and listed in Shanghai or Shenzhen stock market, and a two-tier Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) model was built to study their panel data from 2007 to 2021 and figure out the influence of financing constraints and agency costs on the deviation of investment level of these subjects. The results suggest that: Both financing constraints and agency costs have a significant impact on the investment level of subjects, and the influence degree of financing constraints is slightly higher; on average, under the combined effect of financing constraints and agency costs, the investment level of subjects is 1.72% lower than the optimal investment level; the influence of financing constraints and agency costs on the deviation of investment level of subjects varies with the year, overall speaking, the influence of financing constraints is larger; for subjects of different property ownership types, there are differences in the degree of deviation of their investment level from the optimal investment level; compared with non-state-owned companies, the state-owned companies are more likely to have insufficient investment. The policy and practical recommendation of this paper is: Government should reduce financing constraints by means of optimizing relevant legal provisions and regulating the tax rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Property rights reform has been widely regarded as a powerful tool to narrow the urban-rural income gap (URIG). A recent nationwide property rights reform in China, namely, the rural collective property rights system reform (RCPRSR) was implemented in 2015, offering rural residents rights to rural collective assets, especially land assets. However, whether it can help to narrow URIG or not remains controversial. Based on 2,322 county-level big panel data in China from 2010 to 2019, this paper takes RCPRSR as a quasi-natural experiment and empirically evaluates its impact and mechanism on URIG by using a time-varying difference-in-differences (DID) model. The findings suggest that RCPRSR can decrease URIG by 4.2%, and this conclusion is still reliable after six robustness tests. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the positive effect of RCPRSR on narrowing URIG is significant in eastern and northeastern China, but not in central and western China. Mechanism analysis shows that RCPRSR can decrease URIG mainly through optimizing the industrial structure and improving the agricultural mechanization level. This study provides a reference on how to mitigate URIG through property rights reform in developing countries. JEL Classification: O20, D31, D63. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are a lot of disputes in the academic circle about the land ownership in the Qin Dynasty. The unearthed Qin slips show that the government not only directly controlled and operated a large number of public or official fields, but also granted more land to private households and recognized the private rights of land acquired by the people through inheritance, trading and other ways. The emperor did not own all the land, and private ownership was the universal natural law in the history of ancient law and ideas. However, the ancient property right and land ownership were fundamentally different from the modern property right concept and real right system originating from the West, which cannot be equated with modern private or public ownership and not a purely economic issue. Different rights of people with different identities were often attached to a piece of land at the same time. Property rights were not clear, absolute, exclusive, nor targeted at individuals, but related to identity and relations. In ancient times, there was no clear concept of "subject" and property rights, but a vague and mixed ownership. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the land property rights and ownership system have inherited this tradition to some extent, and are fundamentally different from the capitalist land property rights system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of ecological civilization and the realization of common prosperity are two major development strategies in China. In the context of ecological civilization construction, it is essential to achieve common prosperity through reforming the natural resource assets property rights system. This article qualitatively analyzes the functions of the natural resource assets property rights system by adopting the methods of functional analysis and interdisciplinary analysis and empirically analyzes its associated logic with the common prosperity by using the case analysis method. The results indicate that: ① There are four basic functions (marketization, capitalization, resource allocation, and ecologicalization) in the natural resource assets property rights system. ② In the process of utilizing natural resources to achieve common prosperity, the marketization function of the natural resource assets property rights system can transform natural resources into natural assets; the capitalization function can transform natural assets into natural capital; the resource allocation function can optimize the allocation of natural resources; and the ecologicalization function can preserve and increase the value of natural resources, thus achieving a win-win situation between ecological civilization construction and common prosperity. ③ Common prosperity cannot be achieved alone by utilizing natural resources; the achievement of common prosperity by utilizing natural resources is actually the result of the reform of the natural resources system and the property rights system. The policy implications of this study include: ① In terms of perfecting the property rights system, China's natural resource assets property rights system should be improved in the context of total factor productivity. ② In dealing with the relationship between the government and the market, we should make scientific distinctions between market allocation and government guidance according to different types of resource classification, making the market play a decisive role in resource allocation. ③ In maintaining the order of market transactions, the Civil Code should be used to protect the transactions of natural resource assets property rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the institutionalization of justice of the peace courts in the 19th-century Ottoman Empire on the one hand, and on the other investigates the adjudication of property disputes in the lowest administrative units (villages and communes), within the context of establishing a regime of individual and exclusive property rights. Such an analysis historicizes the transformation that justice of the peace courts underwent in the 19th century. It therefore seeks to free these courts from being regarded as an ahistorical extrajudicial and/or judicial dispute settlement mechanism (sulh). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyze how a group of people realized, in the mid-1960s, problems related to the way in which Brazilian territory was occupied and how, in a dictatorship, they created the ABRA to propose an agrarian reform as a solution. The evidence results from qualitative research that combined a literature review with interviews and questionnaires. The analysis shows that for almost fifty years this group tried to take advantage of windows of opportunities to propose legal mechanisms for regulating the right to land property (such as social function or obligation) and land redistribution (such as taxation or expropriations) to include the rural workers in national development. However, the expectations around these mechanisms triggered reactions that reduced the group's relative participation in decision-making. In developmentalism echoes, this analysis raises concerns about who, when and how can speak about the problems and solutions to conflicts over land and territory in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores how beneficiaries of South Africa's land reform programme attempt to navigate the contradictory dynamics of production and social reproduction in collectively owned agricultural enterprises. The Mphuzanyoni Communal Property Association in KwaZulu‐Natal province farms with commercial beef herds and the Mayime Cooperative in the Eastern Cape province is engaged in a joint venture dairy farming scheme in partnership with an agribusiness firm. Severe tensions are evident between the social reproduction of households and the requirements of simple or expanded reproduction of agricultural enterprises. Bernstein's concept of competing 'funds' is used to examine struggles over production and reproduction on the farms, in which members of socially differentiated households contest divergent visions for the collective enterprises. Conflicts centre on how labour and capital should be mobilised, how income and other benefits in kind should be distributed to households and whether or not income should be invested for purposes of simple or expanded reproduction of the enterprise. Challenges of governance are rooted in these conflicts rather than in group ownership as a form of property right. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the study is to determine how land users affect the land certification process when compared with other factors. We investigated government officials who carry out land certification procedures through a two-step survey to identify hypothetical factors that influence land certification. A multivariable regression model of hypothetical factors affecting land certification was tested by evaluation criteria. There are 26 factors belonging to 7 groups affecting land use right certificate issuance. Their impact rates ranged from 3.43% to 25.95%. Land users impact the issuance of land certificates with an impact rate of 20.82%. This puts them in the second most influential group after the group of policy and legal factors. For the land certificate to be granted smoothly and on schedule, it is necessary to pay attention to solving issues related to land users, legal policies, and other factors that have a smaller impact rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the role of the Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) in New York City and the implications of its decisions under the Landmarks Law, focusing on balancing historic preservation with urban development. It explores the landmark case Penn Central Transportation Company v. City of New York and discusses how LPC decisions impact property rights and urban planning.

The article focuses on critiquing the disparity between the rigorous public review procedures required under New York City's Uniform Land Use Review Procedure (ULURP). It highlights how state powers, facilitated by Empire State Development (ESD) through General Project Plans (GPP), often sidestep meaningful community engagement and oversight, thereby potentially infringing on property rights without sufficient public scrutiny.

A wide range of digital innovations has changed property relations globally over the past fifteen years. What are we to make of these digital experiments with landed property? I argue we should not mistake their technological novelty for a break with the geographic and historical specificities of property relations. The yoking of property to modernity and civilization makes technological progress a fundamental part of how relationships to land are constituted and reconstituted, and in whose interests, throughout global capitalism. In this article, I situate 21st century housing market technologies within sedimented relations of landed property in the United States, showing the history of property innovation in the United States is also one of racialized wealth accumulation and dispossession. I interpret current anxieties about 'robot landlords' as anxieties about how the shifting landscape of property ownership appears to threaten the economic benefits associated with racial dominance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban co-production, through which citizens contribute with the public institutions to the planning or governance of the city, is a growing practice throughout Europe. However, apart from the more widespread and spontaneous 'co-city' model, only a few countries have adopted state policies of urban co-production. A comparative inquiry of the European spatial governance and planning systems (SGPSs) highlights at least three possible types of correlation between systems and urban co-production. Urban co-production as a state policy appears to take shape only in countries with SGPSs characterized by a greater capacity for public control over spatial development. Moreover, only SGPSs that allocate land rights on a case-by-case basis seem able to ensure that co-production operates within (and not outside) the system itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women have international and national rights to use, control, transfer, and inherit rural land. Unless laws and institutions are strong enough, women's land rights can't be effectively discharged. Moreover, the different socioeconomic status of women highly affects their land rights. This study has the objective of exploring land acquisition, landholding, and land transfer rights and practical challenges in North Mecha Woreda. The study has applied phenomenological qualitative research design. The findings show that the status of land acquisition, control, inheritance, and use is highly affected by the socioeconomic status of women. Moreover, women's rights to land inheritance are highly affected due to the culture of male domination. This study recommends that there has to be legal protection to women to fully exercise their land rights to use, control, and transfer. These needs stretching the structure of Women, Children and Social Affairs Office at Kebele level of administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Possession is one of the reasons for acquiring ownership, and the principle of possession in movable property applies to property owned by others. As for movable property with no owner, it is considered permissible. Once someone takes possession of it, ownership is transferred to them immediately without the need for specific conditions. The Palestinian Civil Law Project explicitly refers to this principle, unlike the Code of Civil Procedure, which did not explicitly mention it but introduced an alternative principle known as the theory of contract invalidity. In addition to the general conditions for possession, such as peaceful possession, clarity, and visibility (i.e., not being hidden), there are specific conditions for the possessor to acquire ownership of the movable property. Methods: The researcher employed the analytical descriptive methodology through describing the legal textx. Results: These conditions include the existence of tangible movable property, the possessor having good intentions, and the possession being based on a valid reason. Conclusions: If these conditions are met, the possessor gains ownership of the movable property according to the law without the need for a specific time period. This rule does not apply to stolen or lost property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes a case for viewing vacancy as "precarious property" (Blomley 2020; Antipode 52[1]:36–57), i.e. less a material object defined by absence of use than the property relation (understood as a bundle of social, economic, legal, and political relationships) put under strain by the visibility of non‐use. Focusing on Dublin's temporary urbanism moment (2008–2017), the paper has two aims. Firstly, it gives a critical account of this recent urban history of experimentation, documenting how the possibilities of the period following the crash were (fore)closed through governmental interventions. Secondly, the empirical case is used to make a wider conceptual argument about the conjunctural role that vacancy plays in urbanisation and urban politics, developing three main arguments: that vacancy is a vulnerable axis within the ownership model of property; that claims to vacancy are articulated in conjunctural and contextual ways; and that vacancy epitomises the dual nature of precarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, public houses are properties that belong to the local government and are usually managed by the local Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. During the 1970s and the 1980s, these houses were used to provide shelters for incoming rural surplus laborers and low-income families who moved into the cities. Over time, problems with public houses, such as unclear property rights, the absence of management regulations, and long-term disrepair, have become increasingly serious. Managing public houses is a challenge faced by Guangzhou in the process of urban renewal. This study first reviews domestic and foreign examples of revitalizing public houses and research on the theory of "Urban Acupuncture," and then carries out further fieldwork and interviews on public houses in six typical districts of Guangzhou's old city zone. These results indicate that public houses play an important role in providing housing security to tenants. Tenants of such houses have a strong sense of belonging and trust in their communities and neighborhoods. This study summarizes three revitalization modes for public houses: selling public houses after renovation, transforming the use of public houses, and using public houses as affordable housing. It also proposes a strategy that uses public houses first as affordable houses, then for functional transformation, and selling public houses as the last choice for Guangzhou. Based on empirical researches and the methods of "Urban Acupuncture," the study further proposes an analysis model of stock public houses, and four steps of the revitalization path of public houses: (1) Find the problems of public houses through urban physical examination index analysis, big data analysis, residents satisfaction analysis, and so on, and analyze their modes of revitalization based on the analysis model of stock public houses; (2) conduct a house-to-house survey on tenants of these public houses, and select public houses with good reconstruction foundations whose tenants have strong willingness to revitalize and high degrees of cooperation as "acupuncture points"; (3) take continuous, gradual measures to stimulate these "acupuncture points" and influence other tenants of public houses with the same activation modes through social networks; (4) collect feedback from tenants, adjust strategies dynamically, enhance tenants' sense of identity and community belonging to treatment results, and form a positive interaction. It has three major innovations: (1) systematically summarizing domestic and foreign public housing disposal ways and " Urban Acupuncture " theory research progress, and providing a geographic analysis perspective for the theory of "Urban Acupuncture"; (2) providing empirical supports for the three activation modes,and a Guangzhou's strategy for to revitalize public houses; (3) summarizing an analysis framework of the activation mode mechanism of stock public houses from the perspective of humanism, an analysis model of stock public houses, and four steps of the revitalization path of public houses, which are highly enforceable. It is beneficial to the theory and practice on revitalization of public houses, which can also make public houses playing their parts as catalysts in domestic urban renewal process, stimulating motivation of community revitalization, solving housing problem of the minority, and implementing the idea that "we are the cities we make." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we adopt a Southern feminist epistemology to critically appraise the ways in which media discourse on gendered organizing during the Indian COVID‐19‐induced migrant crisis resists or reinforces hegemonic caste hierarchies. To contextualize this work, we briefly historicize scholarship on feminist organizing around land rights, hunger, and violence, while noting the politics of contagion and pollution narratives plaguing the pandemic discourse in India. After conducting a qualitative content analysis (QCA) followed by a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of media discourses across three tiers (international, national, and local), we found that international and national tiers of discourse largely deployed a savarna gaze that worked to 1) Reinforce brahminical and technocratic pandemic narratives and 2) Delegitimize Dalit marginal organizing feminist work and Dalit sensibilities through seven overlapping metrics of erasure. On the other hand, local tier of discourse confronted the savarna gaze, amplified voices of Dalit and Muslim women by centering their narratives of resistance, and tackled the exacerbation of casteist oppression under the pandemic in the service of emancipation. Local discourses also highlight how marginal organizing during the first pandemic lockdown involved provision of essential resources and services (food, medical care, security) for mostly Dalit and Muslim migrant workers, and women intersectionally facing domestic violence and savarna violence. Despite the brahmininal structural oppression, Dalit feminist praxis' emblematic resistance of oppressive structures, during and beyond times of crisis, constitutes what we call the work of deep care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]