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AbstractObjective To assess the trends in non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) incidence in Hong Kong from 1990 to 2019 and the associations of age, calendar period, and birth cohort, to make projections to 2030, and to examine the drivers of NMSC incidence.Methods We assessed the age, calendar period, and birth cohort effects of NMSC incidence in Hong Kong between 1990 and 2019 using an age-period-cohort model. Using Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis with integrated nested Laplace approximations, we projected the incidence of NMSC in Hong Kong to 2030.Results From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate of NMSC increased from 6.7 per 100,000 population to 8.6 per 100,000 population in men and from 5.4 per 100,000 to 5.9 per 100,000 population in women, among the 19,568 patients in the study (9812 male patients [50.14%]). The annual net drift was 2.00% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50–2.50%) for men and 1.53% (95% CI: 0.95–2.11%) for women. Local drifts increased for both sexes above the 35–39-year age group. The period and cohort risk of developing NMSC tended to rise but slowed gradually in the most recent period and post-1975 birth cohort. From 2019 to 2030, it is projected that the number of newly diagnosed NMSC cases in Hong Kong will increase from 564 to 829 in men and from 517 to 863 in women. Population aging, population growth, and epidemiologic changes contributed to the increase in incident NMSCs, with population aging being the most significant contributor.Conclusion The slowing of the period and cohort effects suggests that the rising incidence of NMSC is partly attributable to increased awareness and diagnosis. The increasing prevalence of NMSC among the elderly and an aging population will significantly impact the clinical workload associated with NMSC for the foreseeable future.

In the process of construction, pouring and vibrating concrete on existing reinforced structures is a necessary process. This paper presents an automatic vibration position detecting method based on the feature extraction of 3D lidar point clouds. Compared with the image-based method, this method has better anti-interference performance to light with reduced computational consumption. First, lidar scans are used to capture multiple frames of local steel bar point clouds. Then, the clouds are stitched by Normal Distribution Transform (NDT) for preliminary matching and Iterative Closest Point (ICP) for fine-matching. The Graph-Based Optimization (g2o) method further refines the precision of the 3D registration. Afterwards, the 3D point clouds are projected into a 2D image. Finally, the locations of concrete vibration points and concrete casting points are discerned through point cloud and image processing technologies. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed automatic method outperforms ICP and NDT algorithms, reducing the mean square error (MSE) by 11.5% and 11.37%, respectively. The maximum discrepancies in identifying concrete vibration points and concrete casting points are 0.059 ± 0.031 m and 0.089 ± 0.0493 m, respectively, fulfilling the requirement for concrete vibration detection.

Reliable short-term forecasting and long-term projection of streamflow are essential. However, few research models for machine learning structures systematized for short- and long-term time-series predictions and frameworks for simultaneously optimizing hyperparameters are available. In this study, to improve the accuracy degradation phenomenon that occurs especially in long-term forecasting and maximize its efficiency, four long-short term memory (LSTM) model structures (msLSTM, srLSTM, spLSTM, and mjLSTM) with time-invariant or time-variant features are clearly systematized for the first time. We then compare three optimization methods and newly present a dual-loop framework for simultaneously optimizing various hyperparameters that are independent of each other. Finally, using a proposed model structure and dual-optimization framework, future changes in daily streamflow are evaluated. From the results obtained, we can conclude that: (i) the srLSTM structure is appropriate for short-term forecasting, specifically for predicting one to five steps ahead, while the mjLSTM structure is recommended for long-term projection; (ii) Bayesian optimization offers superior accuracy and efficiency compared with a Grid or Random search, and it is preferred for the design of the dual-loop optimization framework required to maximize model performance; and (iii) under the SSP5-8.5 climate change scenario, annual streamflow is projected to increase by approximately 10–20%, and monthly precipitation and streamflow are also expected to increase by at least 10% to a maximum of 40%. The comprehensive model structure and framework proposed in this study offer a promising solution for addressing both short-term forecasting and long-term projection problems using machine learning models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landmark building models typically exhibit intricate structures, posing challenges for retrieval using generic descriptors. To address this challenge, this paper abstracts and simplifies the model into simple topological structures grounded in topological perceptual theory and introduces a novel categorization of landmark building models. Furthermore, based on view, the quotient distance–angle histogram algorithm is proposed for extracting model topological features. This approach facilitates the identification of intricate landmark building models and enhances retrieval performance. In addition, a new projection method is also proposed. Based on the fact that most landmark building models have correct upright direction and the significant topological features predominantly emerge in the top or side views of these models, this method can accelerate the subsequent extraction and matching of shape descriptors by reducing the extraction of model views. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed projection method is more consistent with human visual perception, and the experimental results verify that the proposed method can improve the retrieval performance when classifying the topological structure of 3D landmark building models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay reconsiders the Freudian notion of the Uncanny/Unheimlich by focusing on the attempt of the ego to project and maintain a coherent and consistent view of the world and of itself—an attempt that is intrinsically subverted by the very process of repetition that both conditions and disrupts all forms of identity and of identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Loss of projection is a very common complaint after nipple reconstruction. In this paper, we present our experience with the use of a novel human cadaver-donor-derived acellular dermal matrix, named MODA (Matrice Omologa Dermica Acellulata) from the Regional Skin Bank to improve and stabilize nipple projection after oncoplastic breast surgery. Methods: We did a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing nipple reconstruction with local flap and MODA graft after breast reconstruction between February 2019 and May 2021. The analysis was done following the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the ethics committee; written consent was sought from all the participants. The main evaluation criterion was nipple projection measurement, performed immediately after surgery, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. The secondary endpoints were complications and patients' satisfaction. Results: In this study, 50 patients underwent nipple reconstruction, with 57 reconstructed nipples. All cases except six followed delayed breast reconstruction. The patients were divided into 3 groups, according to the breast reconstructive technique. There were three cases of delayed wound healing and two cases of partial necrosis, but all of the cases healed by secondary intention. Five percent of the patients (3/57 reconstructions) presented more than 60% of nipple projection loss and required another procedure. The other reconstructed nipples maintained an average of over 60% projection after 12 months. Conclusion: The described technique presents a high success rate associated with low complications. Indeed, it provides the advantages of nipple reconstruction with ADM with low costs, appears safe after radiotherapy, and has similar results when used after different reconstructive techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I show that a broad class of constrained nonparametric instrumental variable estimators are projections of the corresponding unconstrained estimators on the constrained set with respect to some norm. In addition, for estimators based on Tikhonov regularization, constrained estimation can be viewed as two-step projection: first project the data on the unconstrained set, and then project this projection on the constrained set. As an application, I use the projection property to establish sufficient conditions for the consistency of a sieve-based and a kernel-based constrained estimator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the recently released NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections (NEX-GDDP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) dataset and the gridded observational daily dataset CN05.1, this study evaluates the performance of 26 CMIP6 models in simulating extreme high temperature (EHT) indices in southwestern China and estimates future changes in the EHT indices under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 using 11 optimal CMIP6 models. Five EHT indices are employed: annual maximum value of daily maximum temperature (TXX), high temperature days (T35), warm days (TX90P), heat wave frequency (HWF), and heat wave days (HWD). The main results are as follows. (1) NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 is highly capable of simulating the spatial patterns of TXX and T35 in southwestern China but it presents a weaker ability to simulate the spatial patterns of TX90P, HWF, and HWD. (2) The simulated time series of T35, TX90P, HWF, and HWD in southwestern China exhibit consistent upward trends with the observations. The linear trends of increase in TX90P and HWD are much greater than those of increase in TXX, T35, and HWF. (3) The estimated increases in TXX and T35 in southwestern China are significantly greater in Chongqing and the adjacent areas of Sichuan than in the other regions. Spatial distributions of the increases in TX90P, HWF, and HWD generally show higher values in the west and lower values in the east. (4) In the three different scenarios, the projected future TXX, T35, TX90P, and HWD in southwestern China all display a continuous increase with time and radiative forcing levels, whereas HWF initially increases but then decreases under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. By the end of the 21st century, under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, TXX and T35 are projected to increase by 6.0°C and 45.0 days, respectively. The duration of individual heat waves is also expected to increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming is expected to have far‐reaching impacts on the frequency and intensity of extreme events, but the effects of anthropogenic warming on the emergence seasons of year‐maximum near‐surface wind speed (NSWS) remain poorly understood. We provide a comprehensive map of the changing emergence seasons of year‐maximum NSWS using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 projections. Our analysis reveals a rapid response of synoptic‐scale extreme NSWS to global warming, with consistent spatial patterns observed across various periods and warming scenarios. The most significant increase (∼16%) in the emergence season is projected to occur in December‐January‐February (DJF) over Mid‐high‐latitude Asia by the end of the 21st century. The study also anticipates changes in the emergence seasons of year‐maximum NSWS at a regional scale. These results deepen our understanding of the complex and interconnected nature of global climate change and underscore the need for concerted efforts in addressing this pressing challenge. Plain Language Summary: Global warming is indisputably triggering changes in the world's weather systems, leading to more frequent and intense extreme weather events. However, it is unclear how anthropogenic warming affects the timing of the annual strongest near‐surface wind speed (NSWS). In this study, we used state‐of‐the‐art global climate models to create a comprehensive map illustrating these NSWS patterns of response to global warming. We discovered that these changes are consistent across various time periods (near to long term) and warming scenarios (low to high warming), revealing a robust relationship between extreme NSWS and global warming. The most significant change is observed during December‐January‐February in Mid‐high‐latitude Asia, with an increase of about 16% by the end of the 21st century. Our findings suggest that we can expect more year‐maximum NSWS occurs in different regions during specific seasons: December‐January‐February in North America and Asia, March‐April‐May in Africa, June‐July‐August in Asia and West Africa, and September‐October‐November in South America and Australia. These results offer valuable insights for guiding adaptation efforts even if ambitious climate actions manage to limit global warming at a lower level. Key Points: Changing emergence seasons of the land year‐maximum near‐surface wind speed (NSWS) map is createdThere is a rapid response of emergence seasons of year‐maximum NSWS to anthropogenic warmingThe strongest increase (16%) in emergence season is projected to occur in December‐January‐February over Mid‐high‐latitude Asia [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identity is named as an archetypal energy and is linked to the works of Carl Jung and Abraham Maslow. The over-arching influence of archetypes in the human psyche is described with the aid of a simple map. Common psychological problems in relation to identity are discussed. The question is raised as to whether Humanistic and Transpersonal Psychology have changed their identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Anthropocene is characterized by a rapid pace of environmental change and is causing a multitude of biotic responses, including those that affect the spatial distribution of species. Lagged responses are frequent and species distributions and assemblages are consequently pushed into a disequilibrium state. How the characteristics of environmental change—for example, gradual 'press' disturbances such as rising temperatures due to climate change versus infrequent 'pulse' disturbances such as extreme events—affect the magnitude of responses and the relaxation times of biota has been insufficiently explored. It is also not well understood how widely used approaches to assess or project the responses of species to changing environmental conditions can deal with time lags. It, therefore, remains unclear to what extent time lags in species distributions are accounted for in biodiversity assessments, scenarios and models; this has ramifications for policymaking and conservation science alike. This perspective piece reflects on lagged species responses to environmental change and discusses the potential consequences for species distribution models (SDMs), the tools of choice in biodiversity modelling. We suggest ways to better account for time lags in calibrating these models and to reduce their leverage effects in projections for improved biodiversity science and policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ideal strongly anchored in the realm of translation is that of "translating without additions or modifications." However, with multimodal texts, one is confronted with the problem posed by the image, its reading, and its interpretation. This article aims to better delineate the interpretative threshold between the global meaning that a still image might convey in and of itself, on the one hand, and the more personal interpretations that this image can arouse in its receiver (including the translator) on the other. In passing, the article also aims to suggest new ways of sensitizing translation students to the existence of such a threshold. The principle, based on Sperber and Wilson's relevance theory and its strong vs. weak implicature continuum, is that the visual and compositional cues of the image, their relative salience, and their eventual semantic convergence, combined with contextual factors in the initial production of the visual document, would constitute the fundamental semiotic data to be considered in the translation process. Conversely, any projection of meaning external to the image, and emanating from the translator-interpreter himself, would have to be treated with more circumspection within that process, since it would amount to recontextualizing the original visual message by coloring it with a particular meaning, in other words modifying it through added meanings. The corpus used for the observations consists of analyses of a photographic image made by MA-level students in Translation Studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A lattice of integers is the collection of all linear combinations of a set of vectors for which all entries of the vectors are integers and all coefficients in the linear combinations are also integers. Lattice reduction refers to the problem of finding a set of vectors in a given lattice such that the collection of all integer linear combinations of this subset is still the entire original lattice and so that the Euclidean norms of the subset are reduced. The present paper proposes simple, efficient iterations for lattice reduction which are guaranteed to reduce the Euclidean norms of the basis vectors (the vectors in the subset) monotonically during every iteration. Each iteration selects the basis vector for which projecting off (with integer coefficients) the components of the other basis vectors along the selected vector minimizes the Euclidean norms of the reduced basis vectors. Each iteration projects off the components along the selected basis vector and efficiently updates all information required for the next iteration to select its best basis vector and perform the associated projections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In 2020, bladder cancer (BC) was the seventh most prevalent cancer in the world, with 5-year prevalence of more than 1.7 million cases. Due to the main risk factors—smoking and chemical exposures—associated with BC, it is considered a largely preventable and avoidable cancer. An overview of BC mortality can allow an insight not only into the prevalence of global risk factors, but also into the varying efficiency of healthcare systems worldwide. For this purpose, this study analyzes the national mortality estimates for 2020 and projected future trends up to 2040. Materials and methods: Age-standardized mortality rates per 100,000 person-years of BC for 185 countries by sex were obtained from the GLOBOCAN 2020 database, operated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Mortality rates were stratified according to sex and Human Development Index (HDI). BC deaths were projected up to 2040 on the basis of demographic changes, alongside different scenarios of annually increasing, stable or decreasing mortality rates from the baseline year of 2020. Results: In 2020, nearly three times more men died from BC than women, with more than 210,000 deaths in both sexes combined, worldwide. Regardless of gender, more than half of the total BC deaths were from countries with a very high HDI. According to our projections, while the number of deaths for men can only increase up to 54% (from 159 to around 163–245 thousand), for women it is projected to increase two- to three-fold (from 50 to around 119–176 thousand) by 2040. The burden of BC mortality in countries with a very high HDI versus high HDI appears to converge by 2040 for both sexes. Conclusion: Opposite mortality trends by gender highlight the urgent need for immediate interventions to expand anti-tobacco strategies, especially for women. The implementation of more strict occupational health and safety regulations could also prevent exposures associated with BC. Improving the ability to detect BC earlier and access to treatment can have a significant positive impact on reducing mortality rates, minimizing economic costs, and enhancing the quality of life for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change has had a significant impact on the seasonal transition dates of Arctic tundra ecosystems, causing diverse variations between distinct land surface classes. However, the combined effect of multiple controls as well as their individual effects on these dates remains unclear at various scales and across diverse land surface classes. Here we quantified spatiotemporal variations of three seasonal transition dates (start of spring, maximum normalized difference vegetation index (NDVImax) day, end of fall) for five dominating land surface classes in the ice‐free Greenland. Using a distributed snow model, structural equation modeling, and a random forest model, based on ground observations and remote sensing data, we assessed the indirect and direct effects of climate, snow, and terrain on seasonal transition dates. We then presented new projections of likely changes in seasonal transition dates under six future climate scenarios. The coupled climate, snow cover, and terrain conditions explained up to 61% of seasonal transition dates across different land surface classes. Snow ending day played a crucial role in the start of spring and timing of NDVImax. A warmer June and a decline in wind could advance the NDVImax day. Increased precipitation and temperature during July–August are the most important for delaying the end of fall. We projected that a 1–4.5°C increase in temperature and a 5%–20% increase in precipitation would lengthen the spring‐to‐fall period for all five land surface classes by 2050, thus the current order of spring‐to‐fall lengths for the five land surface classes could undergo notable changes. Tall shrubs and fens would have a longer spring‐to‐fall period under the warmest and wettest scenario, suggesting a competitive advantage for these vegetation communities. This study's results illustrate controls on seasonal transition dates and portend potential changes in vegetation composition in the Arctic under climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a previous paper, Kovacs (2010) proposed a generalized relational similarity measure based on iterated correlations of entities in a network calibrated by their relational similarity to other entities. Here I show that, in the case of two-mode network data, Kovacs's approach can be simplified and generalized similarities calculated non-iteratively. The basic idea is to rely on initial similarities calculated from transforming the two-mode data into one-mode projections using the familiar duality approach due to Breiger (1974). I refer to this as two-mode relational similarities and show, using the Southern Women's data and data from Senate voting in the 112th U.S. Congress, that it yields results substantively indistinguishable from Kovacs's iterative strategy. • Previous work introduced two-mode similarity measures using iterated correlations. • This paper proposes non-iterative measures of two-mode similarity using projections. • The two-mode relational similarity performs as well as the iterative approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of French Journal of British Studies / Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique is the property of Centre de Recherches et d'Etudes en Civilisation Britannique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We show various criteria to verify if a given nested fractal has a good labeling property, inter alia we present a characterization of GLP for fractals with an odd number of essential fixed points. We show a convenient reduction of the area to be investigated in the verification of GLP and give examples that further reduction is impossible. We prove that if the number of essential fixed points is a power of two, then a fractal must have GLP and that there are no values other than primes or powers of two guaranteeing GLP. For all other numbers of essential fixed points, we are able to construct examples having and others not having GLP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Er(r)go: Teoria, Literatura, Kultura is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Slaskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Let I = {1;: :: ;N} be a finite set of indices and K = IN the set of all sequences of indices equipped with the product measure and the product topology. Melo, da Cruz Neto, and de Brito [Strong convergence of alternating projections, J. Optim. Theory Appl. 194 (2022), 306-324] defined a family of sequences N0 ⊆ K so that whenever one iterates distance minimizing projections on N closed and convex subsets of an Hadamard space, the sequence of projections converges, provided it has at least one accumulation point. They proved that N0 has full measure, and in the sense of measure almost all iterates of projections converge. We observe that N0 is meager. The question, which almost all iterates converge in the topological sense, remains open. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pós: Revista do Programa de POS-Graduacao Em Artes - EBA/UFMG is the property of Pos - Programa de Pos-graduacao em Artes (PPG-Artes) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Current psychological tendencies contain using innovative methods in organizing work with children. The adolescent period is often referred to as the most critical part of every individual. The paper gives brief feedback about metaphoric associative cards -- emotion cards, as a modern tool of psychology. Researchers used the combination technique of "Positive Psychology" with emotion cards. The brand new, innovative tool -- emotion cards is a widespread method among psychologists in post-soviet states. Emotion cards can be used for the detection and correction of emotional imbalance, anxiety, depression, school inadaptation, and inter/intra-generational problems. Using the techniques of Positive Psychology can assist to multiply the effectiveness of psycho-correctional work. The researchers and positive psychologists emphasize that positive psychology does not only make the individuals to be at zero but builds resilience. The study includes empirical research with middle school children in Azerbaijan. Ethical considerations were followed by the researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We assess the spatiotemporal characteristics of historical and projected future drought over southern Ethiopia using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index and the K‐means clustering method. Historical assessment is done for the period 1981–2018 while projected drought is analysed over two consecutive future periods, that is, 2021–2060 (near future) and 2061–2100 (far future). Projected drought events are identified under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 climate scenarios based on three RCMs selected after performance evaluation. Modified Mann–Kendall trend test is applied to determine trends and significance at the 5% significance level. The results reveal broadly diverse and heterogeneous spatiotemporal characteristics both over the historical and future periods. Droughts of various frequencies, durations, and magnitudes are observed amongst stations, while trends generally lack spatial coherence. The year 1984 is noted to be the driest year in the historical period while the years 1982, 2009, and 1991 are with the driest March–May (MAM), June–August (JJA), and September–November (SON) seasons, respectively. Compared to the historical period, the frequency, magnitude, and duration of drought events are projected to decrease in the near future and increase in the far future. The frequency of drought events in SON and JJA seasons are projected to increase in the near future and far future, respectively, under both scenarios. More number of station shows a wetting tendency in the historical period while more number of stations exhibit a drying tendency during the projected future periods under the two scenarios. Since complex drought characteristics are observed both in the historical and future periods, rigorous local‐scale drought monitoring and management is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove that the distance from an n × n complex matrix M to the set of nilpotents is at least 1 2 sec ⁡ π n + 2 if there is a nonzero projection P such that P M P = M and M ⁎ M ≥ P. In the particular case where M equals P , this verifies a conjecture by G.W. MacDonald in 1995. We also confirm a related conjecture in D.A. Herrero's book. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study investigated the diagnostic performance of thrombin– antithrombin complex (TAT), plasmin–α2 plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC), tissue plasminogen activator–plasminogen activator inhibitor complex (t-PAIC), and thrombomodulin (TM) in predicting the progression of massive cerebral infarction to the malignant cerebral artery infarction. Method: A total of 71 patients with massive cerebral infarction confirmed by imaging examination were divided into malignant cerebral artery infarction group (MCAI) and non-malignant cerebral artery infarction group (NMCAI) based on whether they progressed to MCAI after admission. TAT, PIC, t-PAIC, and TM were measured immediately after admission. The predictive performance was analyzed by the receiver characteristic operating curve (ROC). Result: The median plasma concentrations of TM, PIC, TAT, and t-PAIC in the MCAI patients at admission were 10.65  IU/mL, 1.17  μg/mL, 12.25  ng/mL, and 13.85  ng/ mL, respectively, which were higher than those in the NMCAI patients (9.00  IU/ mL, 1.07  μg/mL, 4.60  ng/mL, and 8.70  ng/mL), and the difference was statistically significant (p  =  0.045, p  =  0.035, p  =  0.004, and p  =  0.003). Elevated plasma t-PAIC concentration was shown to be an independent risk factor for progression of massive cerebral infarction to MCAI (OR  =  1.131) by multivariate logistic regression analysis. ROC curve analysis showed that t-PAIC was the best predictor of MCAI (AUC  =  74.7%), with a sensitivity of 75.0% and specificity of 75.9% when t-PAIC concentration was ≥12.4  ng/mL; TAT had the highest specificity in predicting MCAI, with a specificity of 90.7% when the TAT concentration was ≥13.5  ng/mL. Conclusion: The detection of PIC, TAT, t-PAIC, and TM is a comprehensive assessment of vascular endothelial damage and activation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems and has predictive value for poor prognosis in patients with MCAI. The widespread use of these tests will likely greatly improve the early diagnosis rate of MCAI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Western Cape province, home to the majority of South Africa's viniculture, is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. This study validates the Co-ordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) temperature and precipitation outputs along with their vinicultural bioclimatic indices over the Western Cape for the historic period (1980–2000) as the first step to determining the ability of the models to accurately simulate future conditions. From the results, we observed that the output had a high agreement with observational data in the case of reproducing monthly average temperatures while precipitation outputs show high variability with moderate to high agreement. The performance of the models in simulating the vinicultural indices greatly depends on location with some models performing better than others. The results of this study will contribute to current efforts to understand the dynamics of climate change and viniculture in the Western Cape, where extreme events associated with climate change are already affecting farmers and potentially impacting the industry's production and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction of maintenance processes between partners constitutes a complex context, which can be categorized into individual‐ and interactive‐level relationship maintenance processes. Individual‐level maintenance processes refer to both partners' relationship maintenance enactment and perception of partners' relationship maintenance. Interactive‐level relationship maintenance processes include similarity, accuracy, and projection. This study investigated the actor and partner effects of individual and interactive relationship maintenance processes on commitment as moderated by relationship satisfaction. We recruited 193 mixed‐gender married couples from the midwestern US and adopted the two‐intercept actor‐partner interdependence model to analyze the data. The results demonstrated a positive association between husbands' relationship maintenance enactment and their commitment, a negative association between similarity of relationship maintenance enactment and wives' commitment, a positive association between husbands' accuracy and wives' commitment, and a negative association between husbands' projection and their commitment. Satisfaction was strongly associated with participants' commitment and moderated the association between relationship maintenance enactment and commitment for both partners, the association between husbands' maintenance enactment and wives' commitment, and the association between husbands' partner perception and their commitment. Satisfaction also moderated the association between wives' accuracy and husbands' commitment and the association between husbands' projection and both partners' commitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, more general versions of O’Neil’s projection theorems and other related theorems. In particular, we study the relationship between the φ-multifractal dimensions and its orthogonal projections in Euclidean space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non-communicable diseases are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. They share the same behavioural risk factors (smoking, sedentary behaviour, alcohol consumption and an unhealthy diet), all of which are modifiable risk factors, and biological consequences (hypertension, elevated total cholesterol, obesity and diabetes). Methods: Using data from a series of cross-sectional health examination surveys conducted among the adult population in Finland from 1997 to 2017, a projection of risk factor development (smoking, leisure time sedentary behaviour, hypertension, elevated total cholesterol, overweight and obesity, and diabetes) up to the year 2040 was made. The projections were estimated using a multiple imputation method. Results: Smoking prevalence is estimated to continue to decline up to 2040, similar to hypertension and elevated total cholesterol. By contrast, obesity and diabetes will develop unfavourably, with an increase in prevalence. The increase in obesity is mainly due to polarisation – that is, normal-weight people remain of a normal weight, but overweight people tend to gain more weight and become obese. The observed and estimated changes for leisure time sedentary lifestyle were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Projections of risk factors for non-communicable diseases are needed to guide public health policies and programmes, decision-making and the allocation of health care resources for prevention and care. In Finland, favourable developments have been seen in many of the risk factors, but obesity and diabetes show unfavourable development. There is a need to continue regular, systematic monitoring of the development of risk factors through health examination surveys and to set national goals and programmes to tackle the existing problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few decades, South Asia (SA) has experienced an upsurge in the frequency of severe monsoonal compound drought and heatwave (CDHW) occurrences. Climate models that identify land‐atmosphere coupling as a major contributing factor for this exacerbation and anticipate an increase in the intensity and frequency of CDHW occurrences in future also represent this. For the first time, this study investigated the future evolution of monsoonal CDHW events based on new generations of the CMIP6 and population products by applying a multivariate framework. Specifically, this study explored the impacts of natural climate variability and future land‐atmosphere coupling on the monsoonal CDHW event risks and their bivariate return periods for two future time‐periods and emission scenarios across SA and its subregions. The odds of CDHW occurrences were then examined using a logistic regression model and its association with the natural and anthropogenic drivers was determined. The results indicate that the monsoonal CDHWs occurrence is anticipated to increase substantially during the late twenty‐first century (2056–2090). The 50‐year CDHW events might increase by two‐fold across most of SA by the mid‐21st century under the high emission scenario. We find that the co‐occurring dry and warm conditions rapidly strengthens with soil moisture and temperature coupling and are further exacerbated by land‐atmospheric feedback loops. Our findings show that persistent dry spells contribute significantly to heatwave events, emphasizing regional exposure to changing climates. Plain Language Summary: CDHW (compound drought and heatwave) events may have caused more severe effects on agriculture, water resources, and human society than their occurrences. Investigating future changes in CDHW is critical for anticipating and reducing the adverse effects of climate change and variability, especially in a densely populated region like South Asia (SA), where most of the population still depends on agricultural productivity. Here, we propose a novel compound and multivariate risk assessment framework to capture weekly droughts and heatwaves at a daily time scale using advanced scientific methods. With this objective, the outcomes of the current study can directly map the vulnerable areas in SA and expose the relationship between two events (drought and heatwave). The current research also explores the risk and population exposure due to CDHW events across SA under current and future warming climates by considering the joint distribution of CDHW severity and duration. The study findings will help inform stakeholders about vulnerable areas where the CDHW events are more likely to become more frequent and severe due to climate change. Key Points: CDHW occurrences are projected to increase significantly during the period mid and late 21st century under the business‐as‐usual scenarioThe population exposure from 50‐year CDHW event might increase two‐fold across 70% of the SA landmasses already by the mid‐21st centuryAnthropogenic global warming show significant positive influence on the most vulnerable climatic regions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon sequestration is widely considered to be an effective climate change mitigation option. Forests store large amounts of carbon (C) and are thus proposed as a C banking resource. Forests, however, are subject to disturbances and tree mortality. Thus, it is important to understand the permanence of carbon storage in forests to better assess trade-offs between forest preservation, proforestation, and timber harvest. To assess disturbance rates, data were collected on California wildfires that occurred during 2016–2021. It was found that fire disturbed 0.27–4.3% of the total land area or 0.5–8.7% of the area excluding deserts and farms (i.e., for forest and shrublands). Disturbance was also modeled. For a 1% annual disturbance rate, only 37% of patches are > 100 years old at equilibrium. For a 2% annual rate, only 13.7% are > 100 years old. Data from three national parks in Canada confirmed that setting land aside does not prevent C losses. In contrast, C stored in wood products and subsequently in landfills is not subject to this magnitude of loss. While not all areas have disturbance rates as high as California, all forests experience disturbance and this needs to be considered when assessing climate benefits of C sequestration in forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to explain how music can be sad and how music is different from poetry and from painting in terms of one’s experience of sadness in an artwork. Expression theorists like John Dewey believe that music is expressive of emotions because it stems from the spontaneous overflow of the artist’s inner turmoil. That is, music, per se, has the power to make the listener, say, sad. On the other hand, projection theorists like Stephen Davies maintain that the listener experiences a piece of music as sad because s/he projects his/her sadness onto it or recognises the property of sadness in it. Although nowadays widely considered more valid than the expression theory, the projection theory has been refined by several critics. Jerrod Levinson, for instance, maintains that, in order to recognise or experience the emotions in music, the listener needs to be “appropriately backgrounded” and to listen to music in its (socio-historical and/or intellectual) context. Convincing as it seems, Levinson’s notion of an “appropriately backgrounded” audience, I shall argue, applies to poetry better than to music in general, in that poetry, owing to being verbally mediated, must greatly involve the reader’s cognitive mediation for him/her to infer the emotions in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess the trends in non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) incidence in Hong Kong from 1990 to 2019 and the associations of age, calendar period, and birth cohort, to make projections to 2030, and to examine the drivers of NMSC incidence. We assessed the age, calendar period, and birth cohort effects of NMSC incidence in Hong Kong between 1990 and 2019 using an age-period-cohort model. Using Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis with integrated nested Laplace approximations, we projected the incidence of NMSC in Hong Kong to 2030. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate of NMSC increased from 6.7 per 100,000 population to 8.6 per 100,000 population in men and from 5.4 per 100,000 to 5.9 per 100,000 population in women, among the 19,568 patients in the study (9812 male patients [50.14%]). The annual net drift was 2.00% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50–2.50%) for men and 1.53% (95% CI: 0.95–2.11%) for women. Local drifts increased for both sexes above the 35–39-year age group. The period and cohort risk of developing NMSC tended to rise but slowed gradually in the most recent period and post-1975 birth cohort. From 2019 to 2030, it is projected that the number of newly diagnosed NMSC cases in Hong Kong will increase from 564 to 829 in men and from 517 to 863 in women. Population aging, population growth, and epidemiologic changes contributed to the increase in incident NMSCs, with population aging being the most significant contributor. The slowing of the period and cohort effects suggests that the rising incidence of NMSC is partly attributable to increased awareness and diagnosis. The increasing prevalence of NMSC among the elderly and an aging population will significantly impact the clinical workload associated with NMSC for the foreseeable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Given the importance of coastal upwelling systems to ocean productivity, fisheries, and biogeochemical cycles, their response to climate change is of great interest. However, there is no consensus on future productivity changes in these systems, which may be controlled by multiple drivers including wind‐driven and geostrophic transport, stratification, and source water properties. Here we use an ensemble of regional ocean projections and recently developed upwelling indices for the California Current System to disentangle these sometimes‐competing influences. Some changes are consistent among models (e.g., decreased mixed layer depth), while for others there is a lack of agreement even on the direction of future change (e.g., nitrate concentration in upwelled waters). Despite models' diverging projections of productivity changes, they agree that those changes are predominantly driven by subsurface nitrate concentrations, not by upwelling strength. Our results highlight the need for more attention to processes governing subsurface nutrient changes, not just upwelling strength.

IntroductionRoutine immunization programs have focused on increasing vaccination coverage, which is equally important for decreasing vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), particularly in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). We estimated the trends and projections of age-appropriate vaccination coverage at the regional and national levels, as well as place of residence and wealth index in LMICs.MethodsIn total, 174 nationally representative household surveys from 2000 to 2020 from 41 LMICs were included in this study. Bayesian hierarchical regression models were used to estimate trends and projections of age-appropriate vaccination.ResultsThe trend in coverage of age-appropriate Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), third dose of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP3), third dose of polio (polio3), and measles-containing vaccine (MCV) increased rapidly from 2000 to 2020 in LMICs. Findings indicate substantial increases at the regional and national levels, and by area of residence and socioeconomic status between 2000 and 2030. The largest rise was observed in East Africa, followed by South and Southeast Asia. However, out of the 41 countries, only 10 countries are estimated to achieve 90% coverage of the BCG vaccine by 2030, five of DTP3, three of polio3, and none of MCV. Additionally, by 2030, wider pro-urban and -rich inequalities are expected in several African countries.ConclusionSignificant progress in age-appropriate vaccination coverage has been made in LMICs from 2000 to 2020. Despite this, projections show many countries will not meet the 2030 coverage goals, with persistent urban–rural and socioeconomic disparities. Therefore, LMICs must prioritize underperforming areas and reduce inequalities through stronger health systems and increased community engagement to ensure high coverage and equitable vaccine access.

AimsWe adopted a modeling approach to predict the likely future prevalence of type 2 diabetes, taking into account demographic changes and trends in obesity and smoking in Brazil. We then used the model to estimate the likely future impact of different policy scenarios, such as policies to reduce obesity.MethodsThe IMPACT TYPE 2 DIABETES model uses a Markov approach to integrate population, obesity, and smoking trends to estimate future type 2 diabetes prevalence. We developed a model for the Brazilian population from 2006 to 2036. Data on the Brazilian population in relation to sex and age were collected from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, and data on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and smoking were collected from the Surveillance of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL).ResultsThe observed prevalence of type 2 diabetes among Brazilians aged over 25 years was 10.8% (5.2–14.3%) in 2006, increasing to 13.7% (6.9–18.4%) in 2020. Between 2006 and 2020, the observed prevalence in men increased from 11.0 to 19.1% and women from 10.6 to 21.3%. The model forecasts a dramatic rise in prevalence by 2036 (27.0% overall, 17.1% in men and 35.9% in women). However, if obesity prevalence declines by 1% per year from 2020 to 2036 (Scenario 1), the prevalence of diabetes decreases from 26.3 to 23.7, which represents approximately a 10.0% drop in 16 years. If obesity declined by 5% per year in 16 years as an optimistic target (Scenario 2), the prevalence of diabetes decreased from 26.3 to 21.2, representing a 19.4% drop in diabetes prevalence.ConclusionThe model predicts an increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Brazil. Even with ambitious targets to reduce obesity prevalence, type 2 diabetes in Brazil will continue to have a large impact on Brazilian public health.

Animal and human dirofilariosis is a vector-borne zoonotic disease, being one of the most important diseases in Europe. In Serbia, there are extensive studies reporting the presence of Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens, mainly in the north of the country, where the human population is concentrated and where there is a presence of culicid mosquitoes that transmit the disease. Ecological niche modeling (ENM) has proven to be a very good tool to predict the appearance of parasitosis in very diverse areas, with distant orography and climatologies at a local, continental, and global level. Taking these factors into account, the objective of this study was to develop an environmental model for Serbia that reflects the suitability of the ecological niche for the risk of infection with Dirofilaria spp. with which the predictive power of existing studies is improved. A wide set of variables related to the transmission of the parasite were used. The potential number of generations of D. immitis and the ecological niche modeling method (ENM) were used to estimate the potential distribution of suitable habitats for Culex pipiens. The highest probability of infection risk was located in the north of the country, and the lowest in the southern regions, where there is more orographic relief and less human activity. The model was corroborated with the location of D. immitis-infected dogs, with 89.28% of the country having a high probability of infection. In addition, it was observed that the percentage of territory with optimal habitat for Culex spp. will increase significantly between now and 2080. This new model can be used as a tool in the control and prevention of heartworm disease in Serbia, due to its high predictive power, and will serve to alert veterinary and health personnel of the presence of the disease in the animal and human population, respectively.

Abstract Flood losses have steadily increased in the past and are expected to grow even further owing to climate and socioeconomic change. The reduction of flood vulnerability, for example, through adaptation, plays a key role in the mitigation of future flood risk. However, lacking knowledge about vulnerability dynamics, which arise from the interaction between floods and the ensuing response by society, limits the scope of current risk projections. We present a socio‐hydrological method for flood risk assessment that simulates the interaction between society and flooding continuously, including changes in vulnerability through collective (structural) and private (non structural) measures. Our probabilistic approach quantifies uncertainties and exploits empirical data to chart risk dynamics including how society copes with flooding. In a case study for the commercial sector in Dresden, Germany, we show that increased adaptation is necessary to counteract the expected four‐fold growth in flood risk due to transient hydroclimatic and socioeconomic boundary conditions. We further use our holistic approach to identify solutions for effective long‐term adaptation, demonstrating that integrated adaptation strategies (i.e., combined structural and non structural measures) can reduce the average risk by up to 60% at the study site. Ultimately, our case study highlights the benefit of the model for robust flood risk assessment as it can capture unintended, adverse feedbacks of adaptation measures such as the levee effect. Consequently, our socio‐hydrological method contributes to a more systemic and reliable flood risk assessment that can inform adaptation planning by exploring the possible system evolutions comprehensively including unlikely futures.

Abstract Worldwide climate‐driven shifts in the distribution of species is of special concern when it involves habitat‐forming species. In the coastal environment, large Laminarian algae—kelps—form key coastal ecosystems that support complex and diverse food webs. Among kelps, Macrocystis pyrifera is the most widely distributed habitat‐forming species and provides essential ecosystem services. This study aimed to establish the main drivers of future distributional changes on a global scale and use them to predict future habitat suitability. Using species distribution models (SDM), we examined the changes in global distribution of M. pyrifera under different emission scenarios with a focus on the Southeast Pacific shores. To constrain the drivers of our simulations to the most important factors controlling kelp forest distribution across spatial scales, we explored a suite of environmental variables and validated the predictions derived from the SDMs. Minimum sea surface temperature was the single most important variable explaining the global distribution of suitable habitat for M. pyrifera. Under different climate change scenarios, we always observed a decrease of suitable habitat at low latitudes, while an increase was detected in other regions, mostly at high latitudes. Along the Southeast Pacific, we observed an upper range contraction of −17.08° S of latitude for 2090–2100 under the RCP8.5 scenario, implying a loss of habitat suitability throughout the coast of Peru and poleward to −27.83° S in Chile. Along the area of Northern Chile where a complete habitat loss is predicted by our model, natural stands are under heavy exploitation. The loss of habitat suitability will take place worldwide: Significant impacts on marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are likely. Furthermore, changes in habitat suitability are a harbinger of massive impacts in the socio‐ecological systems of the Southeast Pacific.

В данной статье предпринята попытка анализа фразеологических единиц с точки зрения когнитивной лингвистики. Целью данного исследования является сопоставительное изучение английских и испанских фразеологических единиц с компонентом «dog»/«perro». Было проанализировано 210 фразеологических единиц в английском языке и 85 в испанском, извлеченных методом сплошной выборки из лексикографических источников. В ходе исследования были выделены концептуальные модели с участием фразеологических единиц с данным компонентом. Новизна исследования заключается в том, что в нём впервые проводится сопоставительный анализ фразеологических наименований с компонентом «dog»/«perro» в английском и испанском языках на уровне концептуальных моделей.

BackgroundCervical cancer is the fourth highest incidence of malignancy in the world and a common cause of cancer death in women. We assessed the trends of incidence and mortality and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) in China, England and India from 1990 to 2030.MethodData were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. We collected the number and rate of incidence, death and DALY from 1990 to 2019 and calculated the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). Further analysis was carried out by ages and years. We also collected attributable risk factors to cervical cancer. Finally, we utilized the Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) model to forecast trends in the rate of age-standardized incidence (ASIR) and age-standardized death (ASDR) the for the next decade.ResultGlobally, the incidence of cervical cancer cases increased from 335,641.56 in 1990 to 565,540.89 in 2019. In 2019, the ASIR and ASDR of cervical cancer were higher than those of India but lower than those of England. Furthermore, unsafe sex and smoking emerge as prominent risk factors for cervical cancer. Over the next decade, ASIR and ASDR are expected to decline in China and England, while India’s ASIR is still on an upward trend and ASDR is on a downward trend.ConclusionThe epidemiological data of cervical cancer in these three countries reflects the influence of different stages of development and healthcare systems. Trends over the next decade suggest that China and India still face a huge burden of cervical cancer. When England has made significant progress, China and India need to take more measures to improve the prevention and control of cervical cancer.

Wetland water depth influences microbial and plant communities, which can alter the above- and below-ground carbon cycling of a wetland. Wetland water depths are likely to change due to shifting precipitation patterns, which will affect projections of greenhouse gas emissions; however, these effects are rarely incorporated into wetland greenhouse gas models. Seeking to address this gap, we used a mechanistic model, ecosys, to simulate a range of water depth scenarios in a temperate wetland, and analyzed simulated predictions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes over the 21st century. We tested our model using eddy covariance measurements of CO2 and CH4 fluxes collected at the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve (OWC) during 2015 and 2016. OWC is a lacustrine, estuarine, freshwater, mineral-soil marsh. An empirical model found that the wetland water depth is highly dependent on the water depth of the nearby Lake Erie. Future wetland surface water depths were modeled based on projection of Lake Erie's water depth using four separate NOAA projections, resulting in four wetland water-depth scenarios. Two of the four 21st century projections for Lake Erie water depths used in this study indicated that the water depth of the wetland would remain nearly steady; however, the other two indicated decreases in the wetland water depth. In our scenario where the wetland dries out, we project the wetland's climatological warming effect will decrease due to smaller CH4 fluxes to the atmosphere and larger CO2 uptake by the wetland. We also found that increased water level can lower emissions by shifting the site towards more open water areas, which have lower CH4 emissions. We found that decreased water depths would cause more widespread colonization of the wetland by macrophyte vegetation. Using an empirical relationship, we also found that further drying could result in other, non-wetland vegetation to emerge, dramatically altering soil carbon cycling. In three of our four projections, we found that in general the magnitude of CO2 and CH4 fluxes steadily increase over the next 100 years in response to higher temperatures. However, in our driest simulations, we projected a different response due to increased oxidation of soil carbon, with CH4 emissions decreasing substantially from an annual cumulative peak of 224.6 to a minimum of 104.7 gC m-2 year-1. In that same simulation, net cumulative flux of CO2 changed from being a sink of 56.5 gC m-2 year-1 to a source of 369.6 gC m-2 year-1 over the same period, despite a temperature increase from 13.7 °C to 14.2 °C. This temperature shift in our other three cases with greater water depths increased the source strength of CH4 and the sink strength of CO2. We conclude that the magnitude of wetland greenhouse-gas fluxes depended on the water depth primarily as it affected the areal percentage of the wetland available for plant colonization, but dramatic decreases in water depths could cause significant reductions in the wetland CH4 fluxes, while simultaneously altering the wetland vegetation.

Abstract The reasons for large discrepancies between observations and simulations, as well as for uncertainties in projections of the equatorial Pacific zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient, are controversial. We used CMIP6 models and large ensemble simulations to show that model bias and internal variabilities affected, i.e., strengthened, the SST gradient between 1981 and 2010. The underestimation of strengthened trends in the southeast trade wind belt, the insufficient cooling effect of eastern Pacific upwelling, and the excessive westward extension of the climatological cold tongue in models jointly caused a weaker SST gradient than the recent observations. The phase transformation of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) could explain ~ 51% of the observed SST gradient strengthening. After adjusting the random IPO phase to the observed IPO change, the adjusted SST gradient trends were closer to observations. We further constrained the projection of SST gradient change by using climate models’ ability to reproduce the historical SST gradient intensification or the phase of the IPO. These models suggest a weakened SST gradient in the middle of the twenty-first century.

The planar coding distortion, which affects objective quality, and spherical distortion, which affects subjective quality, as well as existing independent rate-distortion optimization techniques that fail to consider the temporal propagation of spherical distortion and its impact on coding performance, result in coding performance degradation.To address these issues, a spatio-temporal dependent spherical distortion model was proposed for optimizing panoramic video coding.Firstly, a spatial mapping model was proposed to map spherical distortions to coding distortions, aiming to align subjective and objective quality assessments.Secondly, a temporal propagation model for spherical distortions was introduced to enhance the overall coding performance of all coding units in the propagation chain.Finally, the coding parameters were adjusted by computing the weights for spatial mapping and temporal propagation of spherical distortions.Experimental results demonstrate that, under low-delay encoding configurations, compared to the VTM14.0, a state-of-the-art video coding benchmark, the proposed algorithm achieves an average bitrate savings of 7.4% (up to 22.1%) and reduction in coding time of 9%.

Trend analysis is important to understand the performance and features of hydrological variables over a long-time scale. This study analyses the hydroclimatic trends in precipitation, temperature (minimum and maximum) data from seven synoptic stations and river discharge from three outlets that were investigated between 1984–2019 and projected between 2020–2060 over the Ogun River Basin. The results of the trend analysis showed a non-significant positive trend in precipitation and a significant positive trend (p,0.05 and p,0.01 significant trends) in maximum and minimum temperatures. The discharge reveals a non-significant positive trend on the annual scale while a significant decreasing trend in the dry season. The annual rainfall projection is expected to increase by 1.3% under RCP 2.6 and 1.4% under RCP 8.5 by 2060. The mean annual temperature is expected to increase between 1.5-2.5 °C under RCP 2.6 and 2-3.5 °C under RCP 8.5 by 2060, respectively. The variations in discharge without significant changes in rainfall suggested other variables were influencing the discharge. These could be changes in river basin physical elements such as alterations in the dynamics of land use land cover changes. The findings of this study can be used for strategizing adaptation and mitigation measures for water resources management. HIGHLIGHTS To explore seasonal trends.; Impacts of climate change on the discharge.; Effects of temperature on the streamflow.; Impact of low discharge on water resources.; Effects of anthropogenic activities on water resources management.;