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Although most studies show that adolescent pregnant women are at a higher risk for adverse birth outcomes, there has been limited research examining this relationship in Canada. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the prevalence of low birthweight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB), and stillbirth in Canadian adolescent women compared to adult women. Studies were included if they were primary research and included a sample of adolescent mothers (≤19 years) and adult mothers (≥20 years) who gave birth to singleton infants in Canada. Birth outcomes must have been measured consistently in at least 3 studies for inclusion. Comprehensive electronic literature searches were conducted from database inception until August 2020 in 5 databases. Random effects meta-analysis models were used to estimate pooled odds ratios (pOR) for LBW, PTB, and stillbirth between adolescent and adult pregnant women. Outcomes reported included PTB (8 studies), LBW (6 studies), and stillbirth (3 studies). Compared to adult mothers, adolescent mothers had a 56% increase in the prevalence of LBW (pOR 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24, 1.97), a 23% increase in PTB (pOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.06, 1.42), a 20% increase in stillbirth (pOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.05, 1.37). Heterogeneity, as assessed by I2, was high for LBW and PTB and was low for stillbirth. A subgroup analysis did not remove the high heterogeneity, and some studies did not adjust for confounding variables and were missing information on sociodemographic and behavioral factors. Future research is needed to investigate the mechanisms surrounding these differences by maternal age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the pregnancy and childbirth experiences and preferences of adolescent mothers with a history of childhood trauma in order to develop trauma-informed care practice recommendations for this unique group. Mixed methods convergent parallel design involving completion of the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) questionnaire, a survey of care experiences and preferences during pregnancy and delivery, and a one-on-one interview. hHospital-based medical home program for pregnant and parenting adolescents. Adolescent and young adult mothers aged 12-22 years, receiving care between June 2018 and June 2019. A total of 29 adolescent mothers completed the questionnaire, out of a potential 38 in the program (76.3% participation). Five went on to complete an interview. The average age was 17.9 years (standard deviation 1.8 years). The mean ACE score was 5.1 out of 10, indicating childhood exposure to an average of 5 different types of potential trauma. A total of 19 participants (65.5%) reported being triggered during pregnancy or postpartum. Trauma memories were elicited during vaginal examinations in the clinic (27.6%) and in the hospital (27.6%), abdominal examinations (13.8%), measurement of vital signs (17.2%), and labor (17.2%). Ten participants (34.5%) felt that the providers delivering their baby knew how to help them cope with trauma memories. Themes that emerged included the following: acknowledgment of trauma by provider, avoiding re-telling of story, building a relationship with provider, choice and control in care, and providing coping strategies. A majority of adolescent mothers in our sample experienced trauma memories during pregnancy and postpartum medical interactions. Priorities for trauma-informed care in this population are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To systematize good prenatal care practices in a referral center for pregnant teenagers in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, from the perspective of healthcare professionals. Material and methods: Qualitative study conducted between June and July 2017 using semi-structured interviews and a focus group with 10 healthcare professionals providing care to pregnant teenagers in a public hospital in the region of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Data were examined using the thematic content analysis technique, which gave rise to new analytical categories. Triangulation of the results was used for validation. The theoretical and practical applicability of the main findings was identified. Results: The study looked into three categories arising from the discourse of the professionals and the evidence found in the literature: 1) comprehensive analysis of pregnant teenagers; 2) professional experiences related to the care of pregnant teenagers reflecting service quality; and 3) strengths and improvement opportunities potentially replicable as a care model. Good practices in prenatal care are those which prioritize comprehensive care for pregnant teenagers, are coordinated by a multidisciplinary team and result in a multidimensional approach, valuing the complexity of motherhood in the teenage years. Conclusion: It is advisable to develop education strategies, strengthen group care and involve the teenager's support network as part of sexual and reproductive health services in order to promote a positive experience during prenatal care when the process of becoming a mother takes place during adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To determine under-5 children's state of health, well-being, Early Childhood Development (ECD) and its association with mother age. Materials and methods. Using the National Survey of Girls, Boys and Women (ENIM, in Spanish) 2015, we compared sociodemographic characteristics and indicators of well-being, child development, nutrition, health, and child protection by age of the mother. We adjusted a logistic regression model to know the characteristics associated with an appropriate early child development. Results. The children of adolescent mothers are less likely to have an adequate ECD. Children with support for learning are about three times more likely to develop properly, while being a boy or having a mother with depressive symptomatology reduces this likelihood. Conclusions. It is important to design public policies based on modifiable conditions focused on support for learning, prevention and care of depressive symptoms to reduce development risks and increase care for the children of mothers in disadvantaged conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This ecological study aimed to analyze the trend of the nutritional status of pregnant adolescent beneficiaries of the Brazilian Bolsa Família conditional cash transfer program in the 2008-2018 period. We evaluated secondary data of pregnant adolescent beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família Program from January 2008 to December 2018, extracted from the public reports of the WEB Food and Nutrition Surveillance System. We accessed the monitoring reports on the consolidated public-access health conditionalities of the Bolsa Família Program, always considering the second validity. An annual variation of -1.2% (95%CI: [-1.6; -0.8] p<0.01) was observed in the prevalence of underweight in Brazil in the studied sample. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the country had annual variations of 2.9% (95%CI: [2.0; 3.7] p<0.01) and 7.5% (95%CI: [5.7; 9.3] p<0.01), respectively. We conclude by saying, that, in the evaluated period, the prevalence of underweight among pregnant adolescent beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família Program showed a decreasing trend, while the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased throughout Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adolescent pregnancy remains a difficult problem in developing countries, including Indonesia. Pregnancy at an early age is a risk factor for maternal and infant mortality. A recent report indicates that adolescent pregnancy is even higher in rural areas. Therefore, this study aims to identify factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in rural Indonesia and formulate intervention actions to reduce the teenage pregnancy rate. Methods: Participatory action research (PAR) was conducted in the rural area of Mesuji District, Lampung Province, Indonesia. Six meetings, including four focus group discussions (FGDs), were held. The FGDs were audio-recorded and transcribed for inductive analysis. Themes emergent from the data were discussed with the local collaborators to achieve agreement. Results: Five factors were identified as determinants of adolescent pregnancy. They were low uptake of reproductive health services, low educational attainment, juvenile delinquency, poverty, and social and cultural norms. The intervention actions taken included income generation and reproductive health education. Discussion: This study verifies previous studies’ findings that adolescent pregnancy determinants are mostly socioeconomic factors. These findings are essential because adolescents in this study setting endure significant disparities in health services and socioeconomic opportunities. Without sufficient intervention relating to these adolescents’ needs and perceptions, the gap will continue to grow. Conclusion: Socioeconomic factors influence adolescent pregnancy. Cross-sectoral cooperation and active community participation are needed to address the problem. PAR is useful to explore the causes of health issues and promote active community participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Significant bacteriuria is associated with clinical and obstetric complications. The existing studies on the profile of urinary pathogens in pregnant women have widely divergent results and they hardly include data on pregnant adolescents. Methods: This observational retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in the city of São Paulo with 388 pregnant adolescents and 2547 pregnant low-risk obstetric care adults who began prenatal care between January 2010 and January 2016. They were compared in terms of urine sediment, urine culture, and antibiogram results. Results: The prevalence of bacteriuria was 17.01% (66/388) among adolescents and 10.13% (258/2547) among adults. Adolescence was a risk factor for bacteriuria in pregnancy (OR=1.82, CI95%=1.35– 2.44, p=0.08). The most frequently isolated pathogen in urine culture was Escherichia coli, both in adolescents (49%) and in adults (42.18%). In positive urine cultures, urinary leukocytes were present in greater numbers in adolescents than in adults (p< 0.001). Resistance to quinolones in general was more frequent among adults (OR=5.86, CI95%=0.78– 44.20, p< 0.001), but the tendency was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Escherichia coli and the less frequent Streptococcus agalactiae were the etiologic agents most often found in the urine cultures both of adolescents and adults. Higher rates of bacteriuria and of abnormal urine sediments prevailed among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposeWe designed and evaluated for feasibility an intervention-Yo Puedo-that addresses social network influences and socioeconomic opportunities in a neighborhood with substantial gang exposure and early childbearing.MethodsYo Puedo combined conditional cash transfers for completion of educational and reproductive health wellness goals with life skills sessions, and targeted youth 16-21 years of age and same-aged members of their social network. We conducted a two-arm study with social networks randomized to the intervention or a standard services control arm. We evaluated intervention uptake, adherence, and safety; and assessed evidence of effects on behavioral outcomes associated with unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection risk.ResultsA total of 72 social networks composed of 162 youth enrolled, with 92% retention over 6 months. Seventy-two percent of youth randomized to the intervention participated in intervention activities: 53% received at least one conditional cash transfer payment and 66% came to at least one life skills session. We found no evidence that cash payments financed illicit or high-risk behavior. At 6 months, compared with controls, intervention participants had a lower odds of hanging out on the street frequently (odds ratio [OR], .54; p = .10) and a lower odds of reporting that their close friends had been incarcerated (OR, .6; p = .12). They reported less regular alcohol use (OR, .54; p = .04) and a lower odds of having sex (OR, .50; p = .04).ConclusionsThe feasibility evaluation of Yo Puedo demonstrated its promise; a larger evaluation of effects on pregnancy and sustained behavioral changes is warranted.

BackgroundHalf of pregnancies in the United States are unintended, with the highest proportions occurring among Blacks, Hispanics, and teenagers. Understanding differences in knowledge and attitudes about contraception by race/ethnicity and age can improve efforts to reduce disparities in unintended pregnancy.MethodsThis analysis used data from the 897 female respondents in National Survey of Reproductive and Contraceptive Knowledge, a survey exploring young adults' knowledge and attitudes about contraception and pregnancy. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess racial/ethnic and age group differences in knowledge and attitudes about contraceptives.FindingsHispanics and teenagers (aged 18-19) had lower awareness of available contraceptive methods, and lower knowledge about individual methods compared with White women and young adults (age 20-29). For example, Hispanics (74%) and teenagers (77%) were less likely to have heard of the intrauterine device (IUD) than were White women (90%) and young adults (90%), and were less likely to know that a woman experiencing side effects could switch brands of oral contraceptive pills (72% of Hispanics vs. 86% of White women; 76% of teenagers vs. 90% of young adults). Hispanics born outside the United States had lower knowledge about contraceptives than U.S.-born Hispanics. For example, foreign-born Hispanics were less likely than U.S.-born Hispanics to have heard of the IUD (59% vs. 82%) or the vaginal ring (55% vs. 95%).ConclusionsLower contraceptive knowledge among teenagers and Hispanics, particularly immigrants, suggests the importance of disseminating family planning information to these women as one means to address disparities in unintended pregnancy.

Expanding condom-related knowledge and skills and reducing barriers to condom use have the potential to help reduce pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections among youth. These goals are sometimes addressed through condom education and availability (CEA) programs as part of sexuality education in school. Parents are a key constituency in efforts to implement such programs. A representative statewide sample of households with children (N = 1,093) in California was employed to examine parent support for CEA and the potential influences of demographics (gender, age, and Hispanic ethnicity), sociodemographics (education, religious affiliation, religious service attendance, and political ideology), and condom-related beliefs (belief in condom effectiveness and belief that teens who use condoms during sex are being responsible) on parent support for CEA. The parents in our sample reported a high level of support for CEA (M = 3.23 on a 4-point scale) and believing in a high level of condom effectiveness (M = 3.36 on a 4-point scale). In addition, 84% of the parents agreed that teens who use condoms during sex are being responsible. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that parents who were younger, Hispanic, with a lower educational attainment, without a religious affiliation, less religiously observant, and politically liberal were more supportive of CEA. After controlling for these demographic and sociodemographic factors, condom effectiveness and responsibility beliefs each added independently to the predictability of parent support for CEA. These findings suggest that parent education related to condom effectiveness could help increase support for school-based CEA programs.

Many US policies that affect health are made at the state, not the federal, level. Identifying state-level policies and data to analyze how different policies affect outcomes may help policy makers ascertain the usefulness of their public policies and funding decisions in improving the health of adolescent populations. A framework for describing and assessing the role of federal and state policies on adolescent health and well-being is proposed; an example of how the framework might be applied to the issue of teen childbearing is included. Such a framework can also help inform analyses of whether and how state and federal policies contribute to the variation across states in meeting adolescent health needs. A database on state policies, contextual variables, and health outcomes data can further enable researchers and policy makers to examine how these factors are associated with behaviors they aim to impact.

AimsThe aim of this study was to explore the mothering experience and practice among reservation-based adult American Indian women who had been adolescent mothers.BackgroundAdolescent American Indian women are at an elevated risk for teen pregnancy and poor maternal/child outcomes. Identifying mothering practices among this population may help guide intervention development that will improve health outcomes.DesignA collaborative orientation to community-based participatory research approach.MethodsEmploying interpretive phenomenology, 30 adult American Indian women who resided on a Northwestern reservation were recruited. In-depth, face-to-face and telephone interviews were conducted between 2007-2008.FindingsWomen shared their mothering experience and practice, which encompassed a lifespan perspective grounded in their American Indian cultural tradition. Four themes were identified as follows: mother hen, interrupted mothering and second chances, breaking cycles and mothering a community. Mothering originated in childhood, extended across their lifespan and moved beyond mothering their biological offspring.ConclusionThese findings challenge the Western construct of mothering and charge nurses to seek culturally sensitive interventions that reinforce positive mothering practices and identify when additional mothering support is needed across a woman's lifespan.

In order to describe the impact of pregnancy in adolescence and its association with risk factors and complications associated with pregnancy and childbirth, a medical literature review was conducted; 18 citations were revised from MedLine, LILACS and SciELO databases, including studies in Spanish and English languages. Pregnancy in adolescence period is a risk because physical and mental development is not yet reached at these ages and worse perinatal results are observed. The risks associated with pregnancy in adolescence are hypertension, anemia, low birth weight and premature birth; which determine an increase in maternal morbidity and mortality. Reducing the levels of pregnancy in adolescence is a great challenge and a health goal commitment all over the country, thus prevention strategies are a priority.

Fertility reduction is a phenomenon observed in demographic transition. The demographic changes noted in female fertility represent a need for adjustment on health services regarding female health and family planning support. Thus, this study aimed to perform a descriptive analysis by tracing the sociodemographic profile of primiparous mothers belonging to nine Brazilian birth cohorts, in three cities from different states. Standardized questionnaires were applied to assess reproductive characteristics and covariables. Primiparous mothers were defined as women whose child included in birth cohorts was their firstborn child. Sample description was performed using analysis of variance (continuous variables) and chi-square (categorical variables). In total, 44,615 women were included in the analyses and 41.8% (95%CI: 41.3; 42.2) were categorized as primiparous. The primiparity rates were the lowest in Ribeirão Preto (São Paulo State) 1978 (32%; 95%CI: 30.9; 33.1) and the highest in most recent cohorts, reaching up to 50% of the participants (São Luís - Maranhão State 2010: 47.2%; 95%CI: 45.8; 48.6; Ribeirão Preto 2010: 50.2%; 95%CI: 49.1; 51.4); Pelotas (Rio Grande do Sul State) 2015: 49.4% (95%CI: 47.9; 50.9). Primiparous mothers’ age and schooling increased over the years in all cohorts. Maternal age at the first childbirth behaved similarly in the three studied cities. There was an increase in the proportion of first-time mothers that were older, higher educated and belonged to richer income groups. Also, the proportion of teenage mothers (aged 15 years or younger) increased until the early 2000’s and started decreasing around the years 2010, especially among women in the poorer income groups.

Introduction: Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) methods are safe for adolescents and provide the greatest assurance against rapid repeated pregnancy when inserted during the immediate postpartum (IPP) and immediate post-abortion (IPA) period. Despite increasing enthusiasm for IPP/IPA LARC insertion, adolescents' preferences and experiences have seldom been examined. The objective of this review was to examine the attitudes of adolescents (aged 10-19 years) towards IPP/IPA LARC, their experiences and perceptions around having an LARC device fitted IPP/IPA and the factors involved in decision-making to use, not use or discontinue IPP/IPA LARC.Material and Methods: In January 2021, we searched seven bibliographic databases for original research articles published in English, from the year 2000. Studies of any design focused on IPP/IPA LARC were eligible for inclusion. Three of the authors assessed articles for eligibility and extracted data relevant to the outcomes of the review. Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess methodological quality. Key themes emerging from the data were synthesized and reported narratively.Results: We identified 10 relevant articles, four of which were entirely adolescent-focused. Only three addressed IPA LARC. IPP availability was important for ensuring access to LARC postpartum. Attitudes towards LARC IPP were associated with adolescents' sociodemographic characteristics and positive perceptions related to the long duration of action. Determinants of discontinuation and nonuse included poor-quality contraceptive counseling, intolerable side effects and subsequent distress, misconceptions about LARC safety IPP and the influence of partners and community on autonomy. No factors involved in IPA LARC decision-making were available. Limited evidence demonstrated that adolescents may favor contraceptive implants over intrauterine devices, and in certain contexts may face greater barriers to IPA LARC access than adult women do.Conclusions: Immediate insertion of LARC postpartum appears acceptable to adolescents who do not experience side effects and those with the opportunity to make autonomous contraception decisions. This important topic has been addressed in few studies involving an entirely adolescent population. Very limited evidence is available on IPA LARC. Further research on adolescents' lived experiences of IPP/IPA LARC access and use is necessary to inform the provision of person-centered care when assisting adolescents' contraceptive choice following pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decrease in adolescent birth rates in the United States has been slower among Latinas than among other ethnic/racial groups. Limited research has explored how socioeconomic opportunities influence childbearing among Latina adolescents. We conducted in-depth interviews with 65 pregnant foreign- and US-born Latina women (31 adolescents; 34 adults) in two California counties. We assessed perceived socioeconomic opportunities and examined how family, immigration and acculturation affected the relationships between socioeconomic opportunities and adolescent childbearing. Compared with women who delayed childbearing into adulthood, pregnant adolescents described having few resources for educational and career development and experiencing numerous socioeconomic and social barriers to achieving their goals. Socioeconomic instability and policies limiting access to education influenced childbearing for immigrant adolescents. In contrast, family disintegration tied to poverty figured prominently in US-born adolescents childbearing. Limited socioeconomic opportunities may play a large role in persistently high pregnancy rates among Latina adolescents.

Latina teen birth rates, particularly those of immigrant Latinas, surpass those of any major racial/ ethnic group. Little is known about how immigration experiences influence early childbearing. Fourteen pregnant Latina immigrant teens were interviewed regarding their feelings about pregnancy and birth control, educational and vocational expectations, and their partners' influences. Common themes included feelings of isolation, barriers to education and future opportunities, and a heavy reliance on partners as a stable source of emotional and financial support, all of which appeared to influence teens' desire for pregnancy. Findings suggest the need to help immigrant youth overcome barriers to education and work and to offer them culturally and linguistically appropriate clinical care including birth control information and services, preconception and prenatal care, and assistance navigating the system.

To verify the association between mood and anxiety disorders, and suicide risk during pregnancy and their relationship with premature birth in a population of pregnant adolescents attending prenatal care in the public health system of Pelotas, a southern city in Brazil. This was a cohort study with all pregnant adolescents attending antenatal public services in the urban area of Pelotas between October 2009 and May 2011. The first assessment occurred between the 20th and 22 nd week of pregnancy and the second occurred one month after delivery. We used the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) to assess mood and anxiety disorders and suicide risk. A total of 645 pregnant women aged between 12 and 19 years old were interviewed. An anxiety disorder was present in 9.1% of the pregnant adolescent, and 28.5% had a mood disorder. The prevalence of suicide risk was 12.6%, and 15.3% of the babies were born premature. A multivariate analysis adjusted for maternal education, number of previous pregnancies and previous preterm birth indicated that adolescents who had suicide risk during pregnancy were approximately twice as likely to give birth prematurely when compared to those who were not diagnosed with suicide risk (PR 1.79; CI 1.06–3.03). Our findings suggest that pregnant adolescents who were at risk of suicide during pregnancy were more likely to have premature babies. It is important to pay attention to the mental health of this specific population to prevent obstetric complications and consequently improve the health of the children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. Adolescent pregnancy is a problem in Latin America that requires the implementation of effective interventions. This study describes the adaptation process of Computer Assisted Motivational Intervention (CAMI) for increasing contraceptive use and reducing subsequent pregnancies in the context of adolescent mothers in Northern Mexico. Methods. The McKleroy Intervention Adaptation Model was applied: 1) assessment of the local context; 2) evaluation of the intervention with experts; 3) preparation of the content, activities and materials; 4) pilot testing of the adapted version; and 5) implementation, with an exploratory and descriptive design. Results. The CAMI-Spa version was obtained with modifications and a favorable trend in scores on contraceptive variables (pretest vs. posttest) as attitude [120.67(SD ± 12.36) vs. 138.40(SD ± 7.20)], knowledge [28.00(SD ± 8.76) vs 44.00(SD ± 8.49)], processes of change [78.67(SD ± 20.83) vs 108.60(SD ± 9.21)] and self-efficacy [43.00(SD ± 10.37) vs 56.80(SD ± 17.38)]. Conclusion. The use of an intervention adaptation model allowed for the adjustment of the intervention to the context of Mexican adolescent mothers without affecting its key components, which could ensure the effect on increased contraceptive use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the main characteristics and achievements of Uruguay's National and Intersectoral Strategy for Prevention of Adolescent Pregnancy, implemented from 2016 to 2020. This strategy was implemented in a context in which unintentional adolescent pregnancy continues to be a major social problem for Uruguay and the Region, necessitating comprehensive, sustained, and evidence-based public policies. In Uruguay, adolescent fertility rates have remained high for over a decade. In addition to intersectoral action by government and civil society, the strategy received scientific assistance from the academic community, and technical and financial cooperation from regional and international organizations. Its actions and measures were adopted based on a socio-ecological vision, with cultural sensitivity, a gender-transformative approach, and a human rights perspective. Major barriers include social norms that value maternity as the main life project for women living in poverty, gender stereotypes (pregnancy as the exclusive responsibility of adolescent girls, without involving adolescent boys), the stigma of abortion, a lack of sexual and reproductive health services, and resistance to raising the visibility of pregnancy in girls under 15 years of age who are victims of structural and family violence. It is necessary to ensure the continuity of public policies--adjusted to a gender and human-rights approach--that take into account new scenarios such as the one imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: to identify adolescents' knowledge of safe sexual practices and to identify adolescents' information needs about sexually transmitted infections and pregnancy. Method: cross-sectional study conducted with 499 adolescents in public school, from February to April 2017, by using a self-applied and structured questionnaire. Results: the best known method was the male condom (94.4%); among male adolescents, 22.7% considered condom use unnecessary in all sexual relations (p<0.01) and 24.6% stated that oral contraceptives protected against sexually transmitted infections (p=0.04). Conclusion: the adolescents presented previous and eventually superficial conceptions regarding the prevention of STI and pregnancy. Female participants presented greater knowledge about contraceptive methods, sexually transmitted infections and safe sex practices. The identification of disabilities in the knowledge presented by the group recommends activities related to sexual education in schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Trans masculine people are more likely than cisgender peers to have a teen or unintended pregnancy, though little is known about the origins of these disparities. Aims: This study aimed to describe teen and unintended pregnancy experiences among trans masculine people in order to elucidate risk factors and pregnancy-related needs. Methods: As a part of the United States-based SexuaL Orientation, Gender Identity, and Pregnancy Experiences (SLOPE) study, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted between March 2017 and August 2018 with 10 trans masculine people, ages 20–59 years, who experienced a teen or unintended pregnancy. Audio-recorded interviews were professionally transcribed, then analyzed using immersion/crystallization and thematic analysis approaches. The themes were contextualized using sociodemographic survey data. Results: The four themes that were developed from participants’ narratives highlighted: 1) how trans masculine people navigated having a pregnant body (e.g., heightened gender dysphoria due to being pregnant); 2) the importance of the cultural environment in shaping experiences as a trans masculine pregnant person (e.g., pregnancy and gender-related job discrimination); 3) the development of the pregnancy over time (e.g., decision-making processes); and 4) how pregnancy (and gender identity) affected relationships with other people (e.g., adverse family of origin experiences). Discussion: This study identified a number of risk factors for teen and unintended pregnancies among trans masculine people including physical and sexual abuse as well as ineffective use of contraception. This research also identifies unique needs of this population, including: relieving gender dysphoria, combating discrimination, and ensuring people feel visible and welcome, particularly in reproductive healthcare spaces. Public health practitioners, healthcare providers, and support networks (e.g., chosen family) can be key sources of support. Attention to risk factors, unique needs, and sources of support will improve reproductive healthcare and pregnancy experiences for trans masculine people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the levels of anxiety and stress in two population groups of adolescent women and their relation to pregnancy. Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional study, which included 125 pregnant adolescents treated at the Luz Castro de Gutiérrez Hospital, and 124 non-pregnant teenage students belonging to the Jorge Eliécer Gaitán school, both located in the city of Medellín (Colombia). The participants answered the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and the Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale to assess psychosocial stress. Results: The median age was 17 years (interquartile range or IQR = 2) in pregnant women and 13.5 (IQR = 2) in students. In pregnant women, the prevalence of anxiety was 68% and stress was 73.6%, while in the non-pregnant group the prevalence of anxiety was 64% (OR = 1.2. 95% CI 0.20-2.09. P = 0.5) and the stress rate was 40% (OR = 4.18; 95% CI 2.37-7.41; p = <0.01). An association was found between having a positive test for anxiety and bad family relationships, alcohol consumption and the beginning of sexual life, while there was an association between having a positive test for stress and being under 15 years old, having bad family relationships, bad relationships with a partner, consumption of alcohol, beginning of sexual life and relatives with mental illnesses. Conclusions: No higher prevalence of anxiety is found in adolescent mothers treated at the Hospital General de Medellín compared to non-pregnant girls from Colegio Jorge Eliécer Gaitán in Medellín (Colombia). A higher stress disorder was found among pregnant teens. Poor family relationships, alcohol consumption and the onset of sexual life were evidenced as associated factors, both for anxiety and for stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista de Saúde Pública is the property of Faculdade de Educacao da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background/objectives: The Family Nurse Partnership is an intensive home visiting programme for adolescent mothers. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Family Nurse Partnership on outcomes up to age 7 using national administrative data., Design: We created a linked cohort of all mothers aged 13-19 using data from health, educational and children's social care and defined mothers enrolled in the Family Nurse Partnership or not using Family Nurse Partnership system data. Propensity scores were used to create matched groups for analysis., Setting: One hundred and thirty-six local authorities in England with active Family Nurse Partnership sites between 2010 and 2017., Participants: Mothers aged 13-19 at last menstrual period with live births between April 2010 and March 2019, living in a Family Nurse Partnership catchment area and their firstborn child(ren)., Interventions: The Family Nurse Partnership includes up to 64 home visits by a family nurse from early pregnancy until the child's second birthday and is combined with usual health and social care. Controls received usual health and social care., Main Outcome Measures: Indicators of child maltreatment (hospital admissions for injury/maltreatment, referral to social care services); child health and development (hospital utilisation and education) outcomes and maternal hospital utilisation and educational outcomes up to 7 years following birth., Data Sources: Family Nurse Partnership Information System, Hospital Episode Statistics, National Pupil Database., Results: Of 110,520 eligible mothers, 25,680 (23.2%) were enrolled in the Family Nurse Partnership. Enrolment rates varied across 122 sites (range: 11-68%). Areas with more eligible mothers had lower enrolment rates. Enrolment was higher among mothers aged 13-15 (52%), than 18-19 year-olds (21%). Indicators of child maltreatment: we found no evidence of an association between the Family Nurse Partnership and indicators of child maltreatment, except for an increased rate of unplanned admissions for maltreatment/injury-related diagnoses up to age 2 for children born to Family Nurse Partnership mothers (6.6% vs. 5.7%, relative risk 1.15; 95% confidence interval 1.07 to 1.24). Child health and developmental outcomes: there was weak evidence that children born to Family Nurse Partnership mothers were more likely to achieve a Good Level of Development at age 5 (57.5% vs. 55.4%, relative risk 1.05; 95% confidence interval 1.00 to 1.09). Maternal outcomes: There was some evidence that Family Nurse Partnership mothers were less likely to have a subsequent delivery within 18 months of the index birth (8.4% vs. 9.3%, relative risk 0.92; 95% confidence interval 0.88 to 0.97). Younger and more vulnerable mothers received higher numbers of visits and were more likely to achieve fidelity targets. Meeting the fidelity targets was associated with some outcomes., Limitations: Bias by indication and variation in the intervention and usual care over time and between areas may have limited our ability to detect effects. Multiple testing may have led to spurious, significant results., Conclusions: This study supports findings from evaluations of the Family Nurse Partnership showing no evidence of benefit for maltreatment outcomes measured in administrative data. Amongst all the outcomes measured, we found weak evidence that the Family Nurse Partnership was associated with improvements in child development at school entry, a reduction in rapid repeat pregnancies and evidence of increased healthcare-seeking in the mother and child., Future Work: Future evaluations should capture better measures of Family Nurse Partnership interventions and usual care, more information on maternal risk factors and additional outcomes relating to maternal well-being., Study Registration: The study is registered as NIHR CRN Portfolio (42900)., Funding: This award was funded by the National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health and Social Care Delivery Research programme (NIHR award ref: 17/99/19) and is published in full in Health and Social Care Delivery Research ; Vol. 12, No. 11. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information.

Objectives- This report presents 2022 data on U.S. births by selected characteristics. Trends in fertility patterns and maternal and infant characteristics are described. Methods-Descriptive tabulations based on birth certificates of the 3.67 million births registered in 2022 are shown by maternal age, live-birth order, race and Hispanic origin, marital status, tobacco use, prenatal care, source of payment for the delivery, method of delivery, gestational age, birthweight, and plurality. Selected data by mother's state of residence and birth rates also are shown. Trends for 2010 to 2022 are presented for selected items, and by race and Hispanic origin for 2016-2022. Results-A total of 3,667,758 births occurred in the United States in 2022, essentially unchanged from 2021. The general fertility rate declined 1% from 2021 to 56.0 births per 1,000 females ages 15-44 in 2022. The birth rate for females ages 15-19 declined 2% from 2021 to 2022; birth rates fell 7% for women ages 20-24, rose 1% to 5% for women ages 25-29 and 35-44, and rose 12% for women ages 45-49 (the first increase since 2016). The total fertility rate declined less than 1% to 1,656.5 births per 1,000 women in 2022. Birth rates declined for unmarried women but increased for married women from 2021 to 2022. Prenatal care beginning in the first trimester declined to 77.0% in 2022; the percentage of women who smoked during pregnancy declined to 3.7%. The cesarean delivery rate was unchanged in 2022 (32.1%); Medicaid was the source of payment for 41.3% of births. The preterm birth rate declined 1% to 10.38%; the low birthweight rate rose 1% to 8.60%. The twin birth rate was unchanged in 2022 (31.2 per 1,000 births); the 2% decrease in the triplet and higher-order multiple birth rate., (All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission; citation as to source, however, is appreciated.)

Teenage pregnancy carries adverse consequences for health and well-being. In this article, we investigate the perceived causes, consequences and cycles of violence and disadvantage associated with teenage pregnancy in Tambogrande, Peru using an applied anthropological approach. Data were drawn from a larger project investigating the relationship between water insecurity and gender-based violence in Indonesia and Peru. The analysis presented here is derived from 49 semi-structured interviews and 5 focus groups with local community members and stakeholders in Peru. Study participants highlighted two main factors contributing to teenage pregnancy in Tambogrande: machismo and religious deterrents to contraceptive use. Participants described how these factors overlapped, resulting in gendered power imbalances that increased the risk of violence, decreased educational opportunities, and reduced the economic independence of women. However, study participants stated that educational interventions targeting machismo could reduce teenage pregnancy and break the associated cycle of disadvantage. Future research will further investigate local social and gender norms to inform the design of a rights-based educational intervention, targeting upstream factors associated with teenage pregnancy in this area.

Teenage pregnancy increases the threat of depression because of its many factors. Pregnancy during young adulthood may also have several risk factors for depression compared to older pregnancies. However, data on depression in young adult pregnancies are lacking. This study investigated the association between teenage and young adult pregnancy and depression. Data from the Japan Environment and Children's study was used as a nationwide multicenter prospective cohort study. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to investigate the association between age groups (14-19, 20-24, 25-29, 30-34, ≥ 35 years) and depression, adjusted for behavioral and sociodemographic characteristics. Depression was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. In total, 96,808 pregnant women responded to the questionnaire. Teenage (14-19 years) and young adult (20-24 years) pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of depression compared to older pregnancy (≥ 35 years) (teenage: OR 4.28, 95% confidence interval, CI [3.24-5.64]; young adult: OR 3.00, 95% CI [2.64-3.41]). After adjusting for covariates, the magnitude of the risk of depression was attenuated. However, teenage and young adult pregnancy remained at a significantly increased risk of depression compared to older pregnancy (teenage: OR 2.38, 95% CI [1.77-3.21]; young adult: OR 2.14, 95% CI [1.87-2.46]). Our findings indicate that teenage and young adults' pregnancy are at an increased risk of depression compared to older pregnancy. These findings suggest prioritizing teenage and young pregnant women for prevention and interventions related to depression., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: To analyse predictor variables of contraceptive method use in young people., Design: Systematic review., Data Sources: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Cuiden Plus, LILACS and IME databases were consulted., Study Selection: An assessment of the quality of studies was carried out by two researchers in parallel. As a result, a total of 5 primary research studies were selected., Data Extraction: Information was extracted on the selected study population, contraceptive method studied and predictor variables identified., Results: Seven predictor variables were identified that specifically explain the use of the male condom, contraceptive pill or emergency contraceptive pill. The most relevant variables were the level of knowledge and attitudes towards contraceptive use, therefore high knowledge and positive attitudes increase the likelihood of contraceptive use. Another notable finding was the presence of a formative bias with women having higher knowledge of hormonal contraceptive options and more positive attitudes., Conclusion: Future training programs should be oriented towards assessing behavioral changes through the development of positive attitudes towards contraceptive use by gaining knowledge of contraceptive options., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Publicado por Elsevier España S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

In accordance with the United Nations Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking, intentional adolescent pregnancies for the purpose of child trafficking are a grave violation of human rights, demonstrating egregious exploitation. This study examines the determinants of deliberate adolescent pregnancies aimed at selling newborns to child traffickers in Nigeria. Employing a qualitative design, purposive sampling was utilized to select 46 participants, including eight pregnant adolescent girls (aged 11 to 16), seven family members of the pregnant adolescents, six community leaders, and twenty-five community members. Semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were used. Audio-recorded interviews were meticulously transcribed and translated from Ibibio to English by certified language experts to preserve meaning. Thematic analysis employed identified themes and sub-themes. Data underwent coding, categorization, and analysis using ATLAS.ti qualitative software. Determinant factors influencing deliberate pregnancies among adolescent girls for child trafficking include socioeconomic vulnerability, marital infertility, societal pressure, money rituals, criminal exploitation, limited education access, and inadequate legal protection. A holistic approach addressing socioeconomic disparities, cultural norms, criminal networks, legal protections, and education empowerment offers promise to eradicate buying and selling of babies. By confronting these factors, Nigeria can forge a safer, more equitable future for its adolescent girls., Competing Interests: The Authors declared no conflict of interest, (African Journal of Reproductive Health © 2024.)

Adolescent pregnancy is a critical public health issue, particularly in developing regions like Nepal, where it poses significant risks to maternal and child health and perpetuates the cycle of poverty. This study focused on the marginalized Chepang community, which is endangered and faces unique challenges. The study aimed to explore the factors associated with adolescent pregnancy among Chepang women in Ichchhakamana Rural Municipality, Chitwan, Nepal, and also assessed their reproductive health-seeking behavior. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with 217 Chepang women aged 15-20 years, and data was collected through face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. The collected data was entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistical tools like frequency, and percentage were used to express the results. Pearson chi-square test, Fisher exact test were used for bivariate analysis to determine the presence of association between the dependent and independent variables. Binary logistic regression was used for further analysis. The prevalence of current adolescent pregnancy was 8.3%(18), while one-fourth had experienced prior pregnancies during their adolescence. Factors significantly associated with adolescent pregnancy included lack of education among the women and their mothers, as well as living in joint families. Additionally, number of antenatal visits and consumption of iron tablets seemed to be lower among Chepang women in comparison to the national data. Chepang women had high adolescent pregnancy rates, with low education level and joint family structure being important risk factors for it. They also had inadequate reproductive health seeking behavior. Addressing these problems requires strategies that prioritize education and raise awareness about reproductive health., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Pant et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Background: Sierra Leone has a very high maternal mortality rate, and this burden falls heavily on adolescents, a particularly vulnerable group; this is usually driven by poverty, lack of education and employment opportunities. In 2017, a local grassroots organisation, Lifeline Nehemiah Projects, developed a community-based mentoring intervention '2YoungLives' (2YLs) for adolescent girls in Eastern Freetown. We aim to formally assess the feasibility and implementation of the 2YL mentorship scheme in new communities in Sierra Leone., Methods: A hybrid type 2 pilot cluster randomised controlled trial of the 2YL mentoring scheme in urban and rural communities living around twelve peripheral health units (PHU) across five districts in Sierra Leone. Clusters will be matched into pairs and randomisation will be determined by computer-generated random numbers via a secure web-based system hosted by MedSciNet. All under-eighteen adolescents identified as pregnant in the community and/or the PHU are included. Feasibility (recruitment, retention, and attrition rates; data collection and completeness; sample calculation) and primary clinical outcome data (composite of maternal deaths, stillbirths, neonatal deaths) will be collected. A mixed-methods process evaluation will explore implementation outcomes, mechanisms of change, contextual factors, experiences of care, and health and wellbeing. A concurrent cost-consequence analysis will be undertaken. Main trial analysis will be pragmatic, by intention to treat, and a complementary per protocol analysis will also be included., Discussion: Improving health and wellbeing for adolescent girls (including sexual and reproductive health) remains a top priority in Sierra Leone indicated by several government policies targeted to this group, in which maternal and infant mortality are still persistently high. Supporting these girls and facilitating their wellbeing is imperative, along with sensitisation of communities, strengthening of youth friendly services and collaboration with stakeholders at all levels (government, regional, community, family). We believe 2YL supports the global holistic agenda to integrate and implement interventions across health, education, and social systems in order to protect, nurture, and support the health and development potential of every adolescent girl, and thus become a model of good practice for adolescent pregnancy, to be adopted more widely in Sierra Leone and elsewhere., Trial Registration: ISRCTN registry ISRCTN32414369. Prospectively registered on 14/03/2022., Competing Interests: We declare no competing interests., (Copyright: © 2024 Fernandez Turienzo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Background:  Despite measures put in place to combat teenage pregnancy, the rate remains high. Community health workers (CHWs) are a cadre of health workers that can help put measures in place to reduce teenage pregnancy in the communities in which they live and work., Aim:  This article aims to gain a deeper understanding of CHWs' perceptions regarding teenage pregnancy in the rural districts of Limpopo province., Methods:  An exploratory qualitative study approach was employed to collect data from CHWs in two rural districts of Limpopo. A non-probability purposive sampling approach was used to choose 81 CHWs. Eight focus group discussions (FGDs) were organised, and audio recorded to collect data from participants. The discussions were 2-3 h long and conducted in English, and data saturation was attained by the fifth FGDs., Results:  An eight-step tech's content analysis approach was employed to deductively code, analyse and summarise data into themes. Three themes emerged: the prevalence of teenage pregnancy in rural villages, factors contributing to teenage pregnancy and challenges faced by CHWs when dealing with teenage pregnancy., Conclusion:  The study's findings revealed that CHWs face challenges in their communities when offering appropriate teen pregnancy services and CHWs believe that teen pregnancy numbers remain high. There is a significant barrier in combating teenage pregnancy; if contraceptives are not acceptable to the community, the only solution and option for combating teenage pregnancy is abstinence.Contribution: The CHWs presented their insights of teenage pregnancy in rural communities. The outcomes of this study could help clinical practise, schools, communities, youth-friendly services, policymakers and other non-governmental organisations reduce teenage pregnancy.

Importance: Unintentional injury, suicide, and homicide are leading causes of death among young females. Teen pregnancy may be a marker of adverse life experiences., Objective: To evaluate the risk of premature mortality from 12 years of age onward in association with number of teen pregnancies and age at pregnancy., Design, Setting, and Participants: This population-based cohort study was conducted among all females alive at 12 years of age from April 1, 1991, to March 31, 2021, in Ontario, Canada (the most populous province, which has universal health care and data collection). The study period ended March 31, 2022., Exposures: The main exposure was number of teen pregnancies between 12 and 19 years of age (0, 1, or ≥2). Secondary exposures included how the teen pregnancy ended (birth or miscarriage vs induced abortion) and age at first teen pregnancy., Main Outcomes and Measures: The main outcome was all-cause mortality starting at 12 years of age. Hazard ratios (HRs) were adjusted for year of birth, comorbidities at 9 to 11 years of age, and area-level education, income level, and rurality., Results: Of 2 242 929 teenagers, 163 124 (7.3%) experienced a pregnancy at a median age of 18 years (IQR, 17-19 years). Of those with a teen pregnancy, 60 037 (36.8%) ended in a birth (of which 59 485 [99.1%] were live births), and 106 135 (65.1%) ended in induced abortion. The median age at the end of follow-up was 25 years (IQR, 18-32 years) for those without a teen pregnancy and 31 years (IQR, 25-36 years) for those with a teen pregnancy. There were 6030 deaths (1.9 per 10 000 person-years [95% CI, 1.9-2.0 per 10 000 person-years]) among those without a teen pregnancy, 701 deaths (4.1 per 10 000 person-years [95% CI, 3.8-4.5 per 10 000 person-years]) among those with 1 teen pregnancy, and 345 deaths (6.1 per 10 000 person-years [95% CI, 5.5-6.8 per 10 000 person-years]) among those with 2 or more teen pregnancies; adjusted HRs (AHRs) were 1.51 (95% CI, 1.39-1.63) for those with 1 pregnancy and 2.14 (95% CI, 1.92-2.39) for those with 2 or more pregnancies. Comparing those with vs without a teen pregnancy, the AHR for premature death was 1.25 (95% CI, 1.12-1.40) from noninjury, 2.06 (95% CI, 1.75-2.43) from unintentional injury, and 2.02 (95% CI, 1.54-2.65) from intentional injury., Conclusions and Relevance: In this population-based cohort study of 2.2 million female teenagers, teen pregnancy was associated with future premature mortality. It should be assessed whether supports for female teenagers who experience a pregnancy can enhance the prevention of subsequent premature mortality in young and middle adulthood.

Abstract Calcium is an essential micronutrient that plays a role in growing and pregnancy, and its necessity is increased during pregnancy in adolescence. Thus, the aim of the study is to describe the daily calcium intake and its associations with dietetic habits, sociodemographic data and perinatal outcomes among pregnant adolescents. A prospective cohort study was conducted among primiparous adolescents who started prenatal care before 20 weeks of gestation. Sociodemographic data, weight and height, 24‐h dietary recall (24hRec) and perinatal outcomes were collected over four meetings (three during pregnancy and one in puerperium). All 24hRecs were analysed by the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR)® programme, and descriptive analysis and univariate and multivariate logistic regression were done. A total of 150 pregnant adolescents were included, with a mean of daily calcium intake of 659.9 mg (50% of recommended intake). Adolescents who ate more than three meals per day (89.3%), and ate breakfast every day (69.3%), were shown to have higher daily calcium intake, odds ratio (OR CI 95%) of 3.4 (1.0, 11.0) and 16.8 (1.0, 302.1), respectively. No correlation was observed between calcium daily intake and sociodemographic data or perinatal outcomes. Dairy products were the foods that mostly contributed to achieving recommended daily calcium intake. In our cohort, pregnant adolescents had a low daily calcium intake. They should be advised to eat more than three meals per day, eat breakfast in particular, increase the consumption of calcium rich‐foods, such as dairy products and green leafy vegetables, and consider calcium supplementation.

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the experience of pregnancy and motherhood by adolescents/young people who were born infected with HIV. Method: we carried out a qualitative study specialized in HIV service in Porto Alegre (RS/Brazil). Ten adolescents/young people were interviewed from June 2017 to March 2018. Thematic analysis was performed, using a vulnerability framework to reflect about unplanned pregnancy and its implications for care. Results: four categories were highlighted: Discovery of the ongoing pregnancy: ambivalent feelings towards seropositivity; Breaking the news of the pregnancy to partner, family and health professionals; Experience of childbirth and prophylaxis of vertical transmission of HIV; and Experience of motherhood: implications for life stories and future projects. Final considerations: the study contributes to addressing situations of vulnerability to the occurrence of unplanned pregnancy, showing the need for dialogical proposals that respect human rights in the production of comprehensive care and reproductive planning.

Background: Postpartum depression has been extensively studied in adults but is less understood in adolescent mothers, despite a prevalence that is double that observed in adult mothers. The purpose of this review was to describe the epidemiology, risk factors, treatment and prognosis for adolescents with postpartum depression. We also sought to identify limitations of the available literature and propose areas for future study targeting postpartum depression in this vulnerable population. Methods: A Medline literature search was conducted for articles published between 1996 and 2015. We identified relevant studies by combining the indexed search terms ‘pregnancy in adolescence or teenage pregnancy’ and ‘depression or postpartum depression’. Additional studies were identified from references of selected articles. We limited our search results to adolescents (18 years or younger) and English language publications. Case studies/series and editorials were excluded. Results: The Medline database search identified 134 articles of which 57 met inclusion criteria. Ten additional articles were identified from reference lists yielding a total of n = 67 articles for review. Among the articles selected, 10 described epidemiology, 27 identified risk factors, nine measured long-term outcome and 21 proposed treatment strategies for postpartum depression in adolescent mothers. Conclusions: There is limited literature addressing adolescent postpartum depression, but there has been a significant growth of interest in recent years. There is a need for more randomized control trials to establish gold standards for assessing postpartum depression in adolescent mothers and standards for treatment in these patients.

ObjectivesU.S. Latinas have a persistently high rate of teenage childbearing, which is associated with adverse outcomes for both mother and child. This study was designed to investigate the roles of socioeconomic factors and acculturation in teenage childbearing in this population.MethodsLogistic regression was used to analyze the association of measures of acculturation (language spoken at home, nativity, and age at immigration) and respondents' parents' education with age at first birth in a stratified sample of post-partum women in California.ResultsThe unadjusted odds ratio for teenage birth for Latinas versus non-Latina Whites was 5.2 (95% CI 4.1-6.6). Nativity was not significantly associated with teen birth, but speaking Spanish at home was positively associated and immigrating at a later age was negatively associated with teen birth. Overall, these measures of acculturation accounted for 17% (95% CI 8-28%) of the difference in odds of teen birth between Latinas and non-Latina Whites. Higher levels of education among respondents' parents had differentially protective effects across the racial/ethnic groups. Controlling for disparities in respondents' parents' education without changing its differential effects across racial/ethnic groups reduced the odds ratio for Latinas compared to non-Latina Whites by 30% (95% CI 14-60%).ConclusionThese findings call into question common assumptions about the protective effect of acculturation on teen fertility and suggest that improving childhood socioeconomic factors among Latinas may decrease teen childbearing.

Background: Adolescent pregnancy is a public health concern worldwide, particularly in low-income settings. Adolescent mothers face higher risks during pregnancy and delivery compared to adult mothers and yet, may also experience worse quality of obstetrical care. This study evaluates adherence to meeting Brazilian recommendations for prenatal care by comparing first-time adolescent versus adult mothers in a rural, low-income setting. Methods: Using data from the Adolescence and Motherhood Research (AMOR) project, we evaluated adherence to national recommendations as documented in the prenatal cards of 39 adolescents (13– 18 years) and 37 adults (23– 28 years) from a low-income area in northeast Brazil. Recommendations included ≥ 6 prenatal consultations, gestational age ≤ 12 weeks at the first visit, participation in 3 educational activities, 2 serology for syphilis (VDRL) and HIV, 1 Toxoplasmosis serology, 2 urine tests, 2 blood glucose and 2 hemoglobin/hematocrit (Hb/Ht) exams. Chi-square tests were used to compare the proportions of adolescents and adults with a record of these procedures in the prenatal cards. Results: Compared to adult women, the adolescent group had lower attainment of almost all recommended components of prenatal care compared to the adult group, with statistically significant differences for 2 blood glucose tests (46.2% vs 78.4%; p=0.004), 2 VDRL tests (30.8% vs 54.1%; p=0.040), 2 Hb/Ht exams (35.9% vs 83.8%; p< 0.001), and at least 6 consultations (84.6% vs 100%; p=0.013). Conclusion: Despite greater health risks of adolescent fertility, the prenatal cards of adolescent mothers presented a poorer record of adherence to recommendations for adequate prenatal care compared to adult mothers from a low-income setting of Brazil. Health policies for both health professionals and the target population are needed to ensure adequacy of prenatal care and appropriate risk reduction for this vulnerable population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium is an essential micronutrient that plays a role in growing and pregnancy, and its necessity is increased during pregnancy in adolescence. Thus, the aim of the study is to describe the daily calcium intake and its associations with dietetic habits, sociodemographic data and perinatal outcomes among pregnant adolescents. A prospective cohort study was conducted among primiparous adolescents who started prenatal care before 20 weeks of gestation. Sociodemographic data, weight and height, 24‐h dietary recall (24hRec) and perinatal outcomes were collected over four meetings (three during pregnancy and one in puerperium). All 24hRecs were analysed by the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR)® programme, and descriptive analysis and univariate and multivariate logistic regression were done. A total of 150 pregnant adolescents were included, with a mean of daily calcium intake of 659.9 mg (50% of recommended intake). Adolescents who ate more than three meals per day (89.3%), and ate breakfast every day (69.3%), were shown to have higher daily calcium intake, odds ratio (OR CI 95%) of 3.4 (1.0, 11.0) and 16.8 (1.0, 302.1), respectively. No correlation was observed between calcium daily intake and sociodemographic data or perinatal outcomes. Dairy products were the foods that mostly contributed to achieving recommended daily calcium intake. In our cohort, pregnant adolescents had a low daily calcium intake. They should be advised to eat more than three meals per day, eat breakfast in particular, increase the consumption of calcium rich‐foods, such as dairy products and green leafy vegetables, and consider calcium supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is an interventional, epidemiological study carried out by medical students through an integrative literature review. In this review, it was observed that women of childbearing age have many difficulties regarding oral contraceptives. Thus, an intervention project was created to inform and answer recurring questions about the use of oral contraceptives among these women which made use of social media due to its high impact rate, in addition to raising a discussion on combined oral contraceptives by reviewing the literature. The product of the action and intervention made by the project was the elaboration of an informative digital flyer qualitatively referenced and shared, concomitantly with a didactic video on the subject prepared by the researchers themselves and based on previously researched bibliographical references. Both productions were shared on major social media. Data collected on the reach and views of these posts were tabulated for a discussion of such an experience, along with a literature review on combined oral contraceptives. This intervention showed that dissemination of scientific research was extremely important, given the results on views and reach. Finally, a positive impact on the target audience was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The aim of this study is to compare the antenatal care, body weight, and weight gain in pregnancy between the adolescent and adult pregnancies and, thus, examine the impact of adolescence on the studied parameters. Methods: This prospective study includes 300 pregnant women who were the patients of University Clinical Center Tuzla, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics from January 2011 to December 2014. The women were divided into two groups: an experimental group consisted of 150 adolescent pregnant women aged 13-19 years and a control group consisted of 150 adult pregnant women aged 20-35 years. The following parameters were analyzed: age of pregnant women, number of antenatal controls in pregnancy, prepregnancy body weight, weight gain in pregnancy, parity, and obstetric history data. Results: A significantly higher number of adolescent pregnant women belongs to a subgroup from one to two examinations during pregnancy (P < 0.000013) and to subgroups from three to five examinations (P < 0.000001). A significantly smaller number of adolescent pregnant women performed their first antenatal control in the first 2 lunar months (P < 0.01). A subgroup with optimal body weight (from 51 to 69 kg) are the most prevalent among adolescent pregnant women (P < 0.000001). A significantly larger number of adolescent pregnant women had an optimal weight gain of 7.8 to 12.99 kg (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The adolescent pregnant women have suboptimal antenatal care, which could lead to adverse maternal and birth outcomes, but have optimal body weight and weight gain during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate perceptions about sexuality, implications of pregnancy in adolescence and its consequences and responsibilities, allowing to identify and reflect on the contributory factors and outcomes caused by early motherhood and fatherhood. Methods: Questionnaires regarding motherhood and fatherhood in adolescence and assessing knowledge of their contributing factors in the socio-cultural, economic and psychological dimension of young students in the city of Sorocaba. Results: The survey was conducted in five public schools, totalizing 233 students. Regarding sexuality, contraceptive methods and pregnancy, it was evidenced that 22.6% of adolescents search knowledge in the family, while 10.6% search medical advice. In addition, 64.4% of girls and 70.5% of boys had their first intercourse between 15 and 17 years old, with 64.8 and 22.8%, respectively, making little use of the male condom, or not at all. Finally, 89 and 92% of these consider teenage pregnancy to be harmful to their biopsychosocial formation. Early menarche, sexual intercourse and lack of knowledge about contraceptive methods can lead to unwanted pregnancies. Specific aspects of adolescence expose them to this risk and to sexually transmitted infections. The role of the family, health professionals and educators has fundamental importance, and their guidance and dialogue, without judgment, strongly impact the choices of young people. Conclusion: The cooperation between educators and health professionals extend the knowledge of young people about sex education, so that the health programs offered by the Unified Health System become effective in preventing sexually transmitted infections and early pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The behavior of fertility in Cuba in recent decades has had a determining role in changing the population age structure, which has led to rapid population aging. This article is aimed at updating the status of this variable in Cuba, its evolution, changes and peculiarities. Reproduction cross-disciplinary view stands out, where some particularities stand out; among them, decision-making processes in reproduction and the most vulnerable groups of women, adolescent fertility, as well as the characteristics of fertility in Cuban women living in the United States. Cuban fertility is characterized by a declining trajectory in levels below replacement, with an early structure, predominance of first-order children, and an increasing contribution of adolescent girls. In the case of Cuban women settled in the United States, they behave similarly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to estimate distinct trajectories of depressive symptoms among adolescent women across the perinatal period. Using longitudinal depressive symptom data (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) from control participants in the Centering Pregnancy Plus Project (2008–2012), we conducted group-based trajectory modeling to identify depressive symptomatology trajectories from early pregnancy to 1-year postpartum among 623 adolescent women in New York City. We examined associations between sociodemographic, psychosocial, and pregnancy characteristics and the outcome, depressive symptom trajectories. We identified three distinct trajectory patterns: stable low or no depressive symptoms (58%), moderate depressive symptoms declining over time (32%), and chronically high depressive symptoms (11%). Women with chronically high symptoms reported higher levels of pregnancy distress and social conflict and lower perceived quality of social support than other women. This study found heterogeneity in perinatal depressive symptom trajectories and identified a group with chronically high symptoms that might be detected during prenatal care. Importantly, we did not identify a trajectory group with new-onset high depressive symptoms postpartum. Findings have important implications for screening and early treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]