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Distinguishing a simple complicated sentence as a monopredicative and polypropositional structure is one of the vital question of the present-day Ukrainian linguistics. The objective of the article is to analyze monopredicative polypropositional syntactic structure in Ukrainian and English languages and to describe elements which complicate mentioned structures at the semanticsyntactic level. The article presents comparative analysis of monopredicative polypropositional structures in Ukrainian and English languages. The semantic-syntactic relations of the simple sentence that expresses two and more propositions are examined. The elements that complicate monopredicative structures at the semantic-syntactic level are distinguished and analyzed. The performed analysis of scientific sources in syntax of Ukrainian and English languages let us make the conclusions. Monopredicative structures (sentences) can express more than one thought (proposition). Such structures occupy the intermediary position between the simple and composite sentences: one subject-predicate basis is a common feature with a simple sentence (clause) and expression of two and more propositions is a common feature with a composite sentence. In Ukrainian language such structures are defined as simple complicated sentences, in English language - as semi-composite sentences or composite sentences with non-finite subordinate clause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alustath is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diyalektolog - Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Diyalektolog and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Predication is the fundamental grammatical relation defining clausal structures in all (and only) human languages. This notion is by definition compositional, since it consists of a link between a subject and a predicate. The central question addressed here is whether this traditional notion, which has never been dismissed ever since the canonical models of Ancient Greek linguistics, can be derived at a formal level from more abstract compositional algorithms. Capitalizing on predication in copular sentences, which allow factoring out non-essential aspects of this phenomenon, such as the morphological asymmetry between verbs and nouns, I propose a configurational approach to predication. This new approach is based on the notion of symmetry as derived by purely compositional mechanisms. Finally, I address some theoretical and empirical consequences of this generalization including those pertaining to neurolinguistics. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards mechanistic models of meaning composition'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans can use language to refer to and describe endless varieties of situations, thoughts, ideas, and topics, actual or hypothetical. This capacity, which distinguishes human language from communication systems of other animals, is referred to here as topic-open-endedness. A key factor in explaining topic-open-endedness early in the life of a new sign language is the nature of the linguistic symbols, the words, and the human ability to extend their meanings – e.g., through metonymy and metaphor – to novel semantic domains, applying a finite lexicon to infinite situations and topics. Other early language properties such as predication and negation facilitate creativity and flexibility from the beginning. The property of recursion accounts for the creation of an infinite number of sentences from a finite set of words and rules. But it cannot account for the open-endedness of the contents of those sentences. Therefore, the importance attributed to recursion as the sole mechanism that is uniquely human is overrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue d'Histoire et de Philosophie Religieuses is the property of Presses Universitaires de Strasbourg and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The parameters of the syntactic relation and the mechanism of its formation are investigated.Variations in which the same positioning has a different syntactic function are indicated. Contact and distance can be considered as prototypes of the syntactic relation. We consider the use of a prototype correct, because the syntax assumes that there are both semantic relations and relationships that express them between the parts of the sentence. What predetermines or takes away the relationship is contact or distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CIRCULO de Linguistica Aplicada a la Comunicacion is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Beytulhikme: An International Journal of Philosophy is the property of Beytulhikme: An International Journal of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on elements of Diachronic Semantic and Cognitive Semantics, this article aims to analyze linguistic and cognitive factors involved in occurring semantic changes in designative expressions of the act of to beat, such as a uma paulada, uma porrada, uma cacetada, uma porretada, uma pancada e uma bordoada, followed by the preposition de, creating expressions that indicate quantity and intensity. From a semasiological perspective (SILVA, 2005), the phenomenon in question was investigated in events identified in the corpus of ascertained expressions and identified in electronic portal, so that the procedures and techniques used have predominantly qualitative characteristics, with quantification only as regards the absolute frequency and according to classification of the expressions, i.e., the relative frequency. Our analyzes indicate that the predication by transfer – especially –ADA suffix, while syntactic-semantic processing, and figurativity – notably the intensity of this trait in nouns that form the expressions – as semantic-cognitive process are identified factors responsible for changes meaning in expressions in focus.

One of the logical debates that changes drastically with the acceptance of the principality of existence is the problem of predication or identity. Using the principality of existence and its corollaries, Mulla Sadra was able to change the popular view regarding this subject and make it compatible with his own views regarding existence. In the philosophy of Mulla Sadra, in contrast to the view of the majority of philosophers, the reality of every predication is a type of unity in existence. Aside from unity and multiplicity, there is a third element presents in predication. That is the idea that multiplicity goes back to unity. In his writings, Mulla Sadra elevated primary predication to new heights - in such a manner that it became specific to his own philosophy. This was such that this type of predication could only be used based upon the principality and gradation of existence. At this level, primary predication is the unity in a concise being and common predication is the unity in a detailed being. Also, he added the 'Predication of reality and delicacy to the existing categories of predication.

A new traffic flow model is proposed based on cellular automata and Division K Nearest Neighbor for the predication problem of traffic flow state change trend. The model firstly gives the update rules of vehicle state evolution and lane change rules of a vehicle, and establishes the state prediction model based on Division K Nearest Neighbor. Finally, the simulation analysis is conducted by the use of experimental platform, and the relationship between the factors such as average traffic flow speed, average flow rate, traffic flow density and lane change frequency, etc. is deeply studied. The results show that the prediction model has great advantages in the medium and low density area, and lower lane change rate has limited effect on the improvement of traffic flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article is a reconstruction of a logical dispute concerning the analysis of existential propositions between the two rivals from Shiraz, Jalāl al-Dīn al-Dawānī (d. 1502) and Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Dashtakī (d. 1498), a dispute that continued to echo down to the nineteenth century, especially in Iran and the Indian subcontinent. The controversy was elicited by a passage from a discussion in the commentary by Qūshjī (d. 1474) on Ṭūsī's Tajrīd in which Qūshjī had briefly suggested that perhaps the predicates "existent" (mawjūd) and "nonexistent" (maʿdūm) are unusual in not needing a copula to link them to the subject. Dashtakī thought that a copula is needed in both existential and non-existential predications, but that in existential predications the copula is simply the union of subject and predicate, whereas in non-existential predications there is an additional copula that signifies the existence or nonexistence of the predicate for the subject. Dawānī's position was that existential and non-existential predications are exactly on a par and should both be analyzed into subject, copula and predicate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nazariyat: Journal for the History of Islamic Philosophy & Sciences / Nazariyat Islam Felsefe Bilim Tarihi Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Ilmi Etudler Dernegi (ILEM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a fundamental difference between negative semantics for free logics and positive ones regarding the logical relations between existence and predication. We conclude that this difference is the key to understand why negative free logics are stronger, i.e., they prove more, than positive free logics.

Worst-case execution time (WCET) is a parameter necessary to guarantee timing constraints on real-time systems. The higher the worst-case execution time of tasks, the higher will be the resource demand for the associated system. The goal of this paper is to propose a different way to perform loop unrolling on data-dependent loops using code predication targeting WCET reduction, because existing techniques only consider loops with fixed execution counts. We also combine our technique with existing unrolling approaches. Results showed that this combination can produce aggressive WCET reductions when compared with the original code.

The difficulty of automatic processing has forced most analyses of verbless sentences to rely on fragmented data. This paper overcomes fixed annotation and verb-centric syntactic modelling to present a new method of automatic retrieval of verbless sentences. Parallel-text corpora in English and Russian are used with the aim of revealing the semantic factors associated with the absence of the verb. Relying on automatic and manual annotation, the analysis is both quantitative, through the use of descriptive and inferential statistics, and qualitative, through the means of extracting, annotating, and interpreting the results. We propose a novel approach to identifying the differences between English and Russian in terms of their use of verbless sentences. In addition to showing the statistical significance of anticipated verbless sentence frequency differences between the two languages, the results reveal a surprising over-representation of antecedent-based ellipsis in English, and provide several prospects for further quantitative and qualitative corpus-based research of verbless sentences. Abbreviations: ACC: accusative; ADJ: adjective; ADV: adverb; CONJ: conjunction; DAT: dative; DEM: demonstrative; F: feminine; FUT: future; GEN: genitive; INS: instrumental; M: masculine; N: neuter; NOM: nominative; PART: particle; PL: plural; PRE: prepositional; PREP: preposition; PRO: pronoun; PRS: present; PST: past; SG: singular [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green (1971) notes the apparent unacceptability of certain quantificational expressions as possessors of singular head nouns. We provide data from a range of English dialects to show that such constructions are not straightforwardly unacceptable, but there are a number of restrictions on their use. We build on Kayne's (1993 , 1994) analysis of English possessives in conjunction with considerations on floating quantifiers to explain both the types of possessive that are permitted in the relevant dialects and their distribution, which is restricted to predicative position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers a reconstruction of an argument against infinite regress formulated by Aristotle in Posterior Analytics I 22. I argue against the traditional interpretation of the chapter, according to which singular terms and summa genera, in virtue of having restrict logical roles, provide limits for predicative chains, preventing them from proceeding ad infinitum. As I intend to show, this traditional reading is at odds with some important aspects of Aristotle's theory of demonstration. More importantly, it fails to explain how his proof is connected to a defence of the existence of ultimate explanations, a connection that must be the case if I 19-22 is advancing a foundationalist way-out to a sceptical challenge raised in I 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I argue against the standard interpretation of Aristotle's account of 'natural predication' in Posterior Analytics 1.19 and 1.22 according to which only substances can serve as subjects in such predications. I argue that this interpretation cannot accommodate a number of demonstrations Aristotle sanctions. I propose a new interpretation that can accommodate them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we suggest a strategy for modelling cognitive context within a truth‐conditional semantics, using Asher's model of predication. This allows us to introduce the notion of type presupposition intended as a lexical constraint to the composition of the truth‐conditional content. More specifically, we suggest that this model of predication produces a notion of truth‐conditional meaning where the cognitive context fixes a set of lexical restrictions and forced modifications. We conclude that this model might offer an intermediate position between Minimalism and Contextualism: an account that provides intuitive truth conditions within a formal semantic theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article appraises constructions of inclusiveness in social assistance programmes in the Malaysian socioeconomic agenda of the 10th Malaysia Plan, 2011–2015 (10MP). Setting as context the needs-based aspirational inclusiveness articulated in documents preceding the 10MP, this study adopts a discursive approach to probe the realisations of such inclusiveness in the 10MP. The analysis reveals essentialised ethnic constructions of different communities and their needs, as well as differing degrees of commitment in initiatives proposed, thereby indicating the slippage in discourse between the aspirations of inclusiveness and their realisations in actual initiatives in the 10MP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cet article discute des problèmes liés à l'articulation entre une "étiquette", un "auteur" et une "oeuvre". En prenant en tant qu'étude de cas les rapports entre le "structuralisme", Ferdinand de Saussure et son Cours de Linguistique Générale, on procède ici à la dénaturation des liens entre ces mots, en discutant critiquement les différentes appropriations que l'auteur et l'oeuvre cités auparavant ont reçus au cours des années 1900-1960. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In "Value Ascriptions: Rethinking Cognitivism," Sigrún Svavarsdóttir offers a novel account of the semantic function of evaluative predication, according to which such predicates function as "linguistically encoded classificatory devices." This short paper raises three questions about Svavarsdóttir's account: how it relates to familiar sorts of projects in and about semantics, how to understand the nature of "linguistic encoding," and how to understand the significance of the account's central use of sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses various approaches to the nature of the imaginative literary text, especially in the 20th century. Considering the topic as a semantic focus, as an integrating phenomenon compositionally uniting all the elements of a text, the authors proceed from the idea that the methodological basis of this principle of research is represented by the theory of dicteme which is understood as a minimal unit of thematization (topicalization), styling and conceptualizing the text. The real or unreal world reflected in imaginative literature is given to the reader through the individual author's perception which is conceptualized. This conceptualization is observed at the level of dicteme, manifested, on the one hand, in the ideological validity of the topic, and on the other hand, in the thematic (topical) role of the concept. The topic of a work of art is the semantic core itself that concentrates the main idea, the key problem essential for the author, his/her intention and purpose, and, together with this, the topic as such organizes the relevant text structure that connects the parts around that core. This topical construct is built by dictemes that form the composition of a text. At the same time, the authors caution against one-sided approaches, both elementary and holistic, in identifying the topic. To identify the topic, both by formal definition and adequate description it is proposed to use a judgment with its categorial-propositional structure, including subject/s, objects, predicates, attributes, certain adverbial characterisistics, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present here the papers selected for the volume on the Unity of Propositions problems. After summarizing what the problems are, we locate them in a spectrum from those aiming to provide substantive, reductive explanations, to those with a more deflationary take on the problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the mereological problem of the unity of structured propositions. The problem is how to make multiple parts interact such that they form a whole that is ultimately related to truth and falsity. The solution I propose is based on a Platonist variant of procedural semantics. I think of procedures as abstract entities that detail a logical path from input to output. Procedures are modeled on a function/argument logic, but are not functions (mappings). Instead they are higher-order, fine-grained structures. I identify propositions with particular kinds of molecular procedures containing multiple sub-procedures as parts. Procedures are among the basic entities of my ontology, while propositions are derived entities. The core of a structured proposition is the procedure of predication, which is an instance of the procedure of functional application. The main thesis I defend is that procedurally conceived propositions are their own unifiers detailing how their parts interact so as to form a unit. They are not unified by one of their constituents, e.g., a relation or a sub-procedure, on pain of regress. The relevant procedural semantics is Transparent Intensional Logic, a hyperintensional, typed λ -calculus, whose λ -terms express four different kinds of procedures. While demonstrating how the theory works, I place my solution in a wider historical and systematic context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reviews the central components of the cognitive theory of propositions and explains both its empirical advantages for theories of language and mind and its foundational metaphysical and epistemological advantages over other theories. It then answers a leading objection to the theory, before closing by raising the issue of how questions, which are the contents of interrogative sentences, and directives, which are the contents of imperative sentences, are related to propositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are constructions with the verb arrive 'llegar' that can be unified under a single analysis. The pair (lit. arrive to be + NP, 'become + NP') and (arrive to + NP 'become + NP') is considered a verbal periphrasis; but also the pair composed of the verb of displacement llegar 'arrive' and can be analyzed as a lexical verb. In this paper, however, we describe cases with the verb llegar «arrive/get to» as Luis llegó a ser médico (Luis got to be a doctor 'Luis became a doctor'), Luis llegó a médico (Luis got to doctor 'Luis became a doctor'), or Luis llegó a Madrid «Luis arrived to Madrid», semantically distinguishing three types of constructions: a verbal periphrasis with llegar as an auxiliary verb (functional category), a predicative form also with the verb llegar (a category between lexical and functional) and the same word as an explicit locative displacement verb (lexical category). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several philosophers have recently appealed to predication in developing their theories of cognitive representation and propositions. One central point of difference between them is whether they take predication to be forceful or neutral and whether they take the most basic cognitive representational act to be judging or entertaining. Both views are supported by powerful reasons and both face problems. Many think that predication must be forceful if it is to explain representation. However, the standard ways of of implementing the idea give rise to the Frege-Geach problem. Others think that predication must be neutral, if we're to avoid the Frege-Geach problem. However, it looks like nothing neutral can explain representation. My aim in this paper is to present a third view, one which respects the powerful reasons while avoiding the problems. On this view predication is forceful and can thus explain representation, but the idea is implemented in a novel way, avoiding the Frege-Geach problem. The key is to make sense of the notion of grasping a proposition as an objectual act, where the object is a proposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]