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151. Wild insect diversity increases inter-annual stability in global crop pollinator communities

Author: Senapathi, Deepa, Fruend, Jochen, Albrecht, Matthias, Garratt, Michael P. D., Kleijn, David, Pickles, Brian J., Potts, Simon G., An, Jiandong, Andersson, Georg K. S., Baensch, Svenja, Basu, Parthiba, Benjamin, Faye, Bezerra, Antonio Diego M., Bhattacharya, Ritam, Biesmeijer, Jacobus C., Blaauw, Brett, Blitzer, Eleanor J., Brittain, Claire A., Carvalheiro, Luisa G., Cariveau, Daniel P., Chakraborty, Pushan, Chatterjee, Arnob, Cusser, Sarah, Danforth, Bryan N., Degani, Erika, Freitas, Breno M., Garibaldi, Lucas A., Geslin, Benoit, de Groot, G. Arjen, Harrison, Tina, Howlett, Brad, Isaacs, Rufus, Jha, Shalene, Klatt, Bjorn Kristian, Krewenka, Kristin, Leigh, Samuel, Lindström, Sandra, Mandelik, Yael, McKerchar, Megan, Park, Mia, Pisanty, Gideon, Rader, Romina., Reemer, Menno, Rundlof, Maj, Smith, Barbara, Silva, Patricia Nunes, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Tscharntke, Teja, Webber, Sean, Westbury, Duncan B., Westphal, Catrin, Wickens, Jennifer B., Winfree, Rachael, Zhang, Hong, and Klein, Alexandra-Maria
Subjects: Ecology, food and beverages
Abstract: While an increasing number of studies indicate that the range, diversity and abundance of many wild pollinators has declined, the global area of pollinator-dependent crops has significantly increased over the last few decades. Crop pollination studies to date have mainly focused on either identifying different guilds pollinating various crops, or on factors driving spatial changes and turnover observed in these communities. The mechanisms driving temporal stability for ecosystem functioning and services, however, remain poorly understood. Our study quantifies temporal variability observed in crop pollinators in 21 different crops across multiple years at a global scale. Using data from 43 studies from six continents, we show that (i) higher pollinator diversity confers greater inter-annual stability in pollinator communities, (ii) temporal variation observed in pollinator abundance is primarily driven by the three-most dominant species, and (iii) crops in tropical regions demonstrate higher inter-annual variability in pollinator species richness than crops in temperate regions. We highlight the importance of recognizing wild pollinator diversity in agricultural landscapes to stabilize pollinator persistence across years to protect both biodiversity and crop pollination services. Short-term agricultural management practices aimed at dominant species for stabilizing pollination services need to be considered alongside longer term conservation goals focussed on maintaining and facilitating biodiversity to confer ecological stability.
Published: 2021

152. Inventorying and monitoring crop pollinating bees: evaluating the effectiveness of common sampling methods

Author: Hutchinson, Louise A., Oliver, Tom H., Breeze, Tom D., O'Connor, Rory, Potts, Simon G., Roberts, Stuart P.M., Garratt, Michael P.D., Hutchinson, Louise A., Oliver, Tom H., Breeze, Tom D., O'Connor, Rory, Potts, Simon G., Roberts, Stuart P.M., and Garratt, Michael P.D.
Abstract: 1. Wild bees provide a critical ecosystem service by pollinating globally important crops. Documented bee declines, notably in agricultural landscapes, therefore threaten future food security. Yet, evaluations of methods to inventory bees are rarely carried out in different crops or focus specifically upon crop pollinating species. 2. We utilise standardised field datasets to elucidate differences in the capacity of transect walks, observation plots and pan traps to sample wild bee pollinator communities in four contrasting crops. Our results indicate that individual survey methods detect different components of crop pollinator communities, with guild and body size potentially important causal factors behind these differences. 3. Transects detected half or less of the total potential pollinator community in three of our four study crops. Whilst transects were the most efficient method for sampling bumblebees, they often missed smaller solitary species, which were most efficiently sampled by yellow pan traps. 4. Crop type is likely an important determinant of the most suitable survey methods to sample bee pollinator communities. Whilst transects alone are sufficient in crops pollinated predominantly by bumblebees, pan traps, and potentially observation plots, may be an important addition in some crops where smaller solitary bee species are potentially important pollinators. 5. Our results indicate that the most efficient methods to sample bee species in agricultural landscapes are dependent upon crop type and pollinator community composition. We use our findings to make a set of recommendations on the inventorying and monitoring of bee pollinator crop communities that can inform regional and national monitoring programmes.
Published: 2021

153. CropPol: a dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination

Author: Allen‐Perkins, Alfonso, Magrach, Ainhoa, Dainese, Matteo, Garibaldi, Lucas A., Kleijn, David, Rader, Romina, Reilly, James R., Winfree, Rachael, Lundin, Ola, McGrady, Carley M., Brittain, Claire, Biddinger, David J., Artz, Derek R., Elle, Elizabeth, Hoffman, George, Ellis, James D., Daniels, Jaret, Gibbs, Jason, Campbell, Joshua W., Brokaw, Julia, Wilson, Julianna K., Mason, Keith, Ward, Kimiora L., Gundersen, Knute B., Bobiwash, Kyle, Gut, Larry, Rowe, Logan M., Boyle, Natalie K., Williams, Neal M., Joshi, Neelendra K., Rothwell, Nikki, Gillespie, Robert L., Isaacs, Rufus, Fleischer, Shelby J., Peterson, Stephen S., Rao, Sujaya, Pitts‐Singer, Theresa L., Fijen, Thijs, Boreux, Virginie, Rundlöf, Maj, Viana, Blandina Felipe, Klein, Alexandra‐Maria, Smith, Henrik G., Bommarco, Riccardo, Carvalheiro, Luísa G., Ricketts, Taylor H., Ghazoul, Jaboury, Krishnan, Smitha, Benjamin, Faye E., Loureiro, João, Castro, Sílvia, Raine, Nigel E., Groot, Gerard Arjen, Horgan, Finbarr G., Hipólito, Juliana, Smagghe, Guy, Meeus, Ivan, Eeraerts, Maxime, Potts, Simon G., Kremen, Claire, García, Daniel, Miñarro, Marcos, Crowder, David W., Pisanty, Gideon, Mandelik, Yael, Vereecken, Nicolas J., Leclercq, Nicolas, Weekers, Timothy, Lindstrom, Sandra A.M., Stanley, Dara A., Zaragoza‐Trello, Carlos, Nicholson, Charlie C., Scheper, Jeroen, Rad, Carlos, Marks, Evan A.N., Mota, Lucie, Danforth, Bryan, Park, Mia, Bezerra, Antônio Diego M., Freitas, Breno M., Mallinger, Rachel E., Silva, Fabiana Oliveira, Willcox, Bryony, Ramos, Davi L., Silva e Silva, Felipe D., Lázaro, Amparo, Alomar, David, González‐Estévez, Miguel A., Taki, Hisatomo, Cariveau, Daniel P., Garratt, Michael P.D., Nabaes Jodar, Diego N., Stewart, Rebecca I.A., Ariza, Daniel, Pisman, Matti, Lichtenberg, Elinor M., Schüepp, Christof, Herzog, Felix, Entling, Martin H., Dupont, Yoko L., Michener, Charles D., Daily, Gretchen C., Ehrlich, Paul R., Burns, Katherine L.W., Vilà, Montserrat, Robson, Andrew, Howlett, Brad, Blechschmidt, Leah, Jauker, Frank, Schwarzbach, Franziska, Nesper, Maike, Diekötter, Tim, Wolters, Volkmar, Castro, Helena, Gaspar, Hugo, Nault, Brian A., Badenhausser, Isabelle, Petersen, Jessica D., Tscharntke, Teja, Bretagnolle, Vincent, Chan, D. Susan Willis, Chacoff, Natacha, Andersson, Georg K.S., Jha, Shalene, Colville, Jonathan F., Veldtman, Ruan, Coutinho, Jeferson, Bianchi, Felix J.J.A., Sutter, Louis, Albrecht, Matthias, Jeanneret, Philippe, Zou, Yi, Averill, Anne L., Saez, Agustin, Sciligo, Amber R., Vergara, Carlos H., Bloom, Elias H., Oeller, Elisabeth, Badano, Ernesto I., Loeb, Gregory M., Grab, Heather, Ekroos, Johan, Gagic, Vesna, Cunningham, Saul A., Åström, Jens, Cavigliasso, Pablo, Trillo, Alejandro, Classen, Alice, Mauchline, Alice L., Montero‐Castaño, Ana, Wilby, Andrew, Woodcock, Ben A., Sidhu, C. Sheena, Steffan‐Dewenter, Ingolf, Vogiatzakis, Ioannis N., Herrera, José M., Otieno, Mark, Gikungu, Mary W., Cusser, Sarah J., Nauss, Thomas, Nilsson, Lovisa, Knapp, Jessica, Ortega‐Marcos, Jorge J., González, José A., Osborne, Juliet L., Blanche, Rosalind, Shaw, Rosalind F., Hevia, Violeta, Stout, Jane, Arthur, Anthony D., Blochtein, Betina, Szentgyorgyi, Hajnalka, Li, Jin, Mayfield, Margaret M., Woyciechowski, Michał, Nunes‐Silva, Patrícia, Oliveira, Rosana Halinski, Henry, Steve, Simmons, Benno I., Dalsgaard, Bo, Hansen, Katrine, Sritongchuay, Tuanjit, O'Reilly, Alison D., García, Fermín José Chamorro, Parra, Guiomar Nates, Pigozo, Camila Magalhães, Bartomeus, Ignasi, Allen‐Perkins, Alfonso, Magrach, Ainhoa, Dainese, Matteo, Garibaldi, Lucas A., Kleijn, David, Rader, Romina, Reilly, James R., Winfree, Rachael, Lundin, Ola, McGrady, Carley M., Brittain, Claire, Biddinger, David J., Artz, Derek R., Elle, Elizabeth, Hoffman, George, Ellis, James D., Daniels, Jaret, Gibbs, Jason, Campbell, Joshua W., Brokaw, Julia, Wilson, Julianna K., Mason, Keith, Ward, Kimiora L., Gundersen, Knute B., Bobiwash, Kyle, Gut, Larry, Rowe, Logan M., Boyle, Natalie K., Williams, Neal M., Joshi, Neelendra K., Rothwell, Nikki, Gillespie, Robert L., Isaacs, Rufus, Fleischer, Shelby J., Peterson, Stephen S., Rao, Sujaya, Pitts‐Singer, Theresa L., Fijen, Thijs, Boreux, Virginie, Rundlöf, Maj, Viana, Blandina Felipe, Klein, Alexandra‐Maria, Smith, Henrik G., Bommarco, Riccardo, Carvalheiro, Luísa G., Ricketts, Taylor H., Ghazoul, Jaboury, Krishnan, Smitha, Benjamin, Faye E., Loureiro, João, Castro, Sílvia, Raine, Nigel E., Groot, Gerard Arjen, Horgan, Finbarr G., Hipólito, Juliana, Smagghe, Guy, Meeus, Ivan, Eeraerts, Maxime, Potts, Simon G., Kremen, Claire, García, Daniel, Miñarro, Marcos, Crowder, David W., Pisanty, Gideon, Mandelik, Yael, Vereecken, Nicolas J., Leclercq, Nicolas, Weekers, Timothy, Lindstrom, Sandra A.M., Stanley, Dara A., Zaragoza‐Trello, Carlos, Nicholson, Charlie C., Scheper, Jeroen, Rad, Carlos, Marks, Evan A.N., Mota, Lucie, Danforth, Bryan, Park, Mia, Bezerra, Antônio Diego M., Freitas, Breno M., Mallinger, Rachel E., Silva, Fabiana Oliveira, Willcox, Bryony, Ramos, Davi L., Silva e Silva, Felipe D., Lázaro, Amparo, Alomar, David, González‐Estévez, Miguel A., Taki, Hisatomo, Cariveau, Daniel P., Garratt, Michael P.D., Nabaes Jodar, Diego N., Stewart, Rebecca I.A., Ariza, Daniel, Pisman, Matti, Lichtenberg, Elinor M., Schüepp, Christof, Herzog, Felix, Entling, Martin H., Dupont, Yoko L., Michener, Charles D., Daily, Gretchen C., Ehrlich, Paul R., Burns, Katherine L.W., Vilà, Montserrat, Robson, Andrew, Howlett, Brad, Blechschmidt, Leah, Jauker, Frank, Schwarzbach, Franziska, Nesper, Maike, Diekötter, Tim, Wolters, Volkmar, Castro, Helena, Gaspar, Hugo, Nault, Brian A., Badenhausser, Isabelle, Petersen, Jessica D., Tscharntke, Teja, Bretagnolle, Vincent, Chan, D. Susan Willis, Chacoff, Natacha, Andersson, Georg K.S., Jha, Shalene, Colville, Jonathan F., Veldtman, Ruan, Coutinho, Jeferson, Bianchi, Felix J.J.A., Sutter, Louis, Albrecht, Matthias, Jeanneret, Philippe, Zou, Yi, Averill, Anne L., Saez, Agustin, Sciligo, Amber R., Vergara, Carlos H., Bloom, Elias H., Oeller, Elisabeth, Badano, Ernesto I., Loeb, Gregory M., Grab, Heather, Ekroos, Johan, Gagic, Vesna, Cunningham, Saul A., Åström, Jens, Cavigliasso, Pablo, Trillo, Alejandro, Classen, Alice, Mauchline, Alice L., Montero‐Castaño, Ana, Wilby, Andrew, Woodcock, Ben A., Sidhu, C. Sheena, Steffan‐Dewenter, Ingolf, Vogiatzakis, Ioannis N., Herrera, José M., Otieno, Mark, Gikungu, Mary W., Cusser, Sarah J., Nauss, Thomas, Nilsson, Lovisa, Knapp, Jessica, Ortega‐Marcos, Jorge J., González, José A., Osborne, Juliet L., Blanche, Rosalind, Shaw, Rosalind F., Hevia, Violeta, Stout, Jane, Arthur, Anthony D., Blochtein, Betina, Szentgyorgyi, Hajnalka, Li, Jin, Mayfield, Margaret M., Woyciechowski, Michał, Nunes‐Silva, Patrícia, Oliveira, Rosana Halinski, Henry, Steve, Simmons, Benno I., Dalsgaard, Bo, Hansen, Katrine, Sritongchuay, Tuanjit, O'Reilly, Alison D., García, Fermín José Chamorro, Parra, Guiomar Nates, Pigozo, Camila Magalhães, and Bartomeus, Ignasi
Abstract: Seventy five percent of the world's food crops benefit from insect pollination. Hence, there has been increased interest in how global change drivers impact this critical ecosystem service. Because standardized data on crop pollination are rarely available, we are limited in our capacity to understand the variation in pollination benefits to crop yield, as well as to anticipate changes in this service, develop predictions, and inform management actions. Here, we present CropPol, a dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination. It contains measurements recorded from 202 crop studies, covering 3,394 field observations, 2,552 yield measurements (i.e. berry weight, number of fruits and kg per hectare, among others), and 47,752 insect records from 48 commercial crops distributed around the globe. CropPol comprises 32 of the 87 leading global crops and commodities that are pollinator dependent. Malus domestica is the most represented crop (32 studies), followed by Brassica napus (22 studies), Vaccinium corymbosum (13 studies), and Citrullus lanatus (12 studies). The most abundant pollinator guilds recorded are honey bees (34.22% counts), bumblebees (19.19%), flies other than Syrphidae and Bombyliidae (13.18%), other wild bees (13.13%), beetles (10.97%), Syrphidae (4.87%), and Bombyliidae (0.05%). Locations comprise 34 countries distributed among Europe (76 studies), Northern America (60), Latin America and the Caribbean (29), Asia (20), Oceania (10), and Africa (7). Sampling spans three decades and is concentrated on 2001-05 (21 studies), 2006-10 (40), 2011-15 (88), and 2016-20 (50). This is the most comprehensive open global data set on measurements of crop flower visitors, crop pollinators and pollination to date, and we encourage researchers to add more datasets to this database in the future. This data set is released for non-commercial use only. Credits should be given to this paper (i.e., proper citation), and the products generated with this database should
Published: 2021

154. Opportunities to reduce pollination deficits and address production shortfalls in an important insect‐pollinated crop

Author: Garratt, Michael P.D., de Groot, G. Arjen, Albrecht, Matthias, Bosch, Jordi, Breeze, Tom D., Fountain, Michelle T., Klein, Alexandra M., McKerchar, Megan, Park, Mia, Paxton, Robert J., Potts, Simon G., Pufal, Gesine, Rader, Romina, Senapathi, Deepa, Andersson, Georg K.S., Bernauer, Olivia M., Blitzer, Eleanor J., Boreux, Virginie, Campbell, Alistair J., Carvell, Claire, Földesi, Rita, García, Daniel, Garibaldi, Lucas A., Hambäck, Peter A., Kirkitadze, Giorgi, Kovács‐Hostyánszki, Anikó, Martins, Kyle T., Miñarro, Marcos, O’Connor, Rory, Radzeviciute, Rita, Roquer‐Beni, Laura, Samnegård, Ulrika, Scott, Lorraine, Vereecken, Nicolas J., Wäckers, Felix, Webber, Sean M., Japoshvili, George, Zhusupbaeva, Aigul, Garratt, Michael P.D., de Groot, G. Arjen, Albrecht, Matthias, Bosch, Jordi, Breeze, Tom D., Fountain, Michelle T., Klein, Alexandra M., McKerchar, Megan, Park, Mia, Paxton, Robert J., Potts, Simon G., Pufal, Gesine, Rader, Romina, Senapathi, Deepa, Andersson, Georg K.S., Bernauer, Olivia M., Blitzer, Eleanor J., Boreux, Virginie, Campbell, Alistair J., Carvell, Claire, Földesi, Rita, García, Daniel, Garibaldi, Lucas A., Hambäck, Peter A., Kirkitadze, Giorgi, Kovács‐Hostyánszki, Anikó, Martins, Kyle T., Miñarro, Marcos, O’Connor, Rory, Radzeviciute, Rita, Roquer‐Beni, Laura, Samnegård, Ulrika, Scott, Lorraine, Vereecken, Nicolas J., Wäckers, Felix, Webber, Sean M., Japoshvili, George, and Zhusupbaeva, Aigul
Abstract: Pollinators face multiple pressures and there is evidence of populations in decline. As demand for insect-pollinated crops increases, crop production is threatened by shortfalls in pollination services. Understanding the extent of current yield deficits due to pollination and identifying opportunities to protect or improve crop yield and quality through pollination management is therefore of international importance. To explore the extent of “pollination deficits,” where maximum yield is not being achieved due to insufficient pollination, we used an extensive dataset on a globally important crop, apples. We quantified how these deficits vary between orchards and countries and we compared “pollinator dependence” across different apple varieties. We found evidence of pollination deficits and, in some cases, risks of overpollination were even apparent for which fruit quality could be reduced by too much pollination. In almost all regions studied we found some orchards performing significantly better than others in terms of avoiding a pollination deficit and crop yield shortfalls due to suboptimal pollination. This represents an opportunity to improve production through better pollinator and crop management. Our findings also demonstrated that pollinator dependence varies considerably between apple varieties in terms of fruit number and fruit quality. We propose that assessments of pollination service and deficits in crops can be used to quantify supply and demand for pollinators and help to target local management to address deficits although crop variety has a strong influence on the role of pollinators.
Published: 2021

155. Using ecological and field survey data to establish a national list of the wild bee pollinators of crops

Author: Hutchinson, Louise A., Oliver, Tom H., Breeze, Tom D., Bailes, Emily J., Brünjes, Lisa, Campbell, Alistair J., Erhardt, Andreas, de Groot, G. Arjen, Földesi, Rita, García, Daniel, Goulson, Dave, Hainaut, Hélène, Hambäck, Peter A., Holzschuh, Andrea, Jauker, Frank, Klatt, Björn K., Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Kleijn, David, Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, Krimmer, Elena, McKerchar, Megan, Miñarro, Marcos, Phillips, Benjamin B., Potts, Simon G., Pufal, Gesine, Radzevičiūtė, Rita, Roberts, Stuart P.M., Samnegård, Ulrika, Schulze, Jürg, Shaw, Rosalind F., Tscharntke, Teja, Vereecken, Nicolas J., Westbury, Duncan B., Westphal, Catrin, Wietzke, Alexander, Woodcock, Ben A., Garratt, Michael P.D., Hutchinson, Louise A., Oliver, Tom H., Breeze, Tom D., Bailes, Emily J., Brünjes, Lisa, Campbell, Alistair J., Erhardt, Andreas, de Groot, G. Arjen, Földesi, Rita, García, Daniel, Goulson, Dave, Hainaut, Hélène, Hambäck, Peter A., Holzschuh, Andrea, Jauker, Frank, Klatt, Björn K., Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Kleijn, David, Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, Krimmer, Elena, McKerchar, Megan, Miñarro, Marcos, Phillips, Benjamin B., Potts, Simon G., Pufal, Gesine, Radzevičiūtė, Rita, Roberts, Stuart P.M., Samnegård, Ulrika, Schulze, Jürg, Shaw, Rosalind F., Tscharntke, Teja, Vereecken, Nicolas J., Westbury, Duncan B., Westphal, Catrin, Wietzke, Alexander, Woodcock, Ben A., and Garratt, Michael P.D.
Abstract: The importance of wild bees for crop pollination is well established, but less is known about which species contribute to service delivery to inform agricultural management, monitoring and conservation. Using sites in Great Britain as a case study, we use a novel qualitative approach combining ecological information and field survey data to establish a national list of crop pollinating bees for four economically important crops (apple, field bean, oilseed rape and strawberry). A traits data base was used to establish potential pollinators, and combined with field data to identify both dominant crop flower visiting bee species and other species that could be important crop pollinators, but which are not presently sampled in large numbers on crops flowers. Whilst we found evidence that a small number of common, generalist species make a disproportionate contribution to flower visits, many more species were identified as potential pollinators, including rare and specialist species. Furthermore, we found evidence of substantial variation in the bee communities of different crops. Establishing a national list of crop pollinators is important for practitioners and policy makers, allowing targeted management approaches for improved ecosystem services, conservation and species monitoring. Data can be used to make recommendations about how pollinator diversity could be promoted in agricultural landscapes. Our results suggest agri-environment schemes need to support a higher diversity of species than at present, notably of solitary bees. Management would also benefit from targeting specific species to enhance crop pollination services to particular crops. Whilst our study is focused upon Great Britain, our methodology can easily be applied to other countries, crops and groups of pollinating insects.
Published: 2021

156. Pollinator monitoring more than pays for itself

Author: Breeze, Tom D., Bailey, Alison P., Balcombe, Kelvin G., Brereton, Tom, Comont, Richard, Edwards, Mike, Garratt, Michael P., Harvey, Martin, Hawes, Cathy, Isaac, Nick, Jitlal, Mark, Jones, Catherine M., Kunin, William E., Lee, Paul, Morris, Roger K.A., Musgrove, Andy, O'Connor, Rory S., Peyton, Jodey, Potts, Simon G., Roberts, Stuart P.M., Roy, David B., Roy, Helen E., Tang, Cuong Q., Vanbergen, Adam J., Carvell, Claire, Breeze, Tom D., Bailey, Alison P., Balcombe, Kelvin G., Brereton, Tom, Comont, Richard, Edwards, Mike, Garratt, Michael P., Harvey, Martin, Hawes, Cathy, Isaac, Nick, Jitlal, Mark, Jones, Catherine M., Kunin, William E., Lee, Paul, Morris, Roger K.A., Musgrove, Andy, O'Connor, Rory S., Peyton, Jodey, Potts, Simon G., Roberts, Stuart P.M., Roy, David B., Roy, Helen E., Tang, Cuong Q., Vanbergen, Adam J., and Carvell, Claire
Abstract: 1. Resilient pollination services depend on sufficient abundance of pollinating insects over time. Currently, however, most knowledge about the status and trends of pollinators is based on changes in pollinator species richness and distribution only. 2. Systematic, long‐term monitoring of pollinators is urgently needed to provide baseline information on their status, to identify the drivers of declines and to inform suitable response measures. 3. Power analysis was used to determine the number of sites required to detect a 30% change in pollinator populations over 10 years. We then evaluated the full economic costs of implementing four national monitoring schemes in the UK: (a) professional pollinator monitoring, (b) professional pollination service monitoring, (c) volunteer collected pan traps and (d) volunteer focal floral observations. These costs were compared to (a) the costs of implementing separate, expert‐designed research and monitoring networks and (b) the economic benefits of pollination services threatened by pollinator loss. 4. Estimated scheme costs ranged from £6,159/year for a 75‐site volunteer focal flower observation scheme to £2.7 M/year for an 800‐site professional pollination service monitoring network. The estimated research costs saved using the site network as research infrastructure range from £1.46–4.17 M/year. The economic value of UK crop yield lost following a 30% decline in pollinators was estimated at ~£188 M/year. 5. Synthesis and applications: We evaluated the full costs of running pollinator monitoring schemes against the economic benefits to research and society they provide. The annual costs of monitoring are <0.02% of the economic value of pollination services that would be lost after a 30% decline in pollination services. Furthermore, by providing high‐quality scientific data, monitoring schemes would save at least £1.5 on data collection per £1 spent. Our findings demonstrate that long‐term systematic monitoring can be a cost‐e
Published: 2021

157. The effectiveness of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control, pollination services and crop yield: a quantitative synthesis

Author: Albrecht, Matthias, Kleijn, David, Williams, Neal M., Tschumi, Matthias, Blaauw, Brett R., Bommarco, Riccardo, Campbell, Alistair J., Dainese, Matteo, Drummond, Francis A., Entling, Martin H., Ganser, Dominik, de Groot, Arjen, Goulson, Dave, Grab, Heather, Hamilton, Hannah, Herzog, Felix, Isaacs, Rufus, Jacot, Katja, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jonsson, Mattias, Knop, Eva, Kremen, Claire, Landis, Douglas A., Loeb, Gregory M., Marini, Lorenzo, McKerchar, Megan, Morandin, Lora, Pfister, Sonja C., Potts, Simon G., Rundlöf, Maj, Sardiñas, Hillary, Sciligo, Amber, Thies, Carsten, Tscharntke, Teja, Venturini, Eric, Veromann, Eve, Vollhardt, Ines M.G., Wäckers, Felix, Ward, Kimiora, Wilby, Andrew, Woltz, Megan, Wratten, Steve, Sutter, Louis, Albrecht, Matthias, Kleijn, David, Williams, Neal M., Tschumi, Matthias, Blaauw, Brett R., Bommarco, Riccardo, Campbell, Alistair J., Dainese, Matteo, Drummond, Francis A., Entling, Martin H., Ganser, Dominik, de Groot, Arjen, Goulson, Dave, Grab, Heather, Hamilton, Hannah, Herzog, Felix, Isaacs, Rufus, Jacot, Katja, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jonsson, Mattias, Knop, Eva, Kremen, Claire, Landis, Douglas A., Loeb, Gregory M., Marini, Lorenzo, McKerchar, Megan, Morandin, Lora, Pfister, Sonja C., Potts, Simon G., Rundlöf, Maj, Sardiñas, Hillary, Sciligo, Amber, Thies, Carsten, Tscharntke, Teja, Venturini, Eric, Veromann, Eve, Vollhardt, Ines M.G., Wäckers, Felix, Ward, Kimiora, Wilby, Andrew, Woltz, Megan, Wratten, Steve, and Sutter, Louis
Abstract: Floral plantings are promoted to foster ecological intensification of agriculture through provisioning of ecosystem services. However, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of different floral plantings, their characteristics and consequences for crop yield is lacking. Here we quantified the impacts of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control (18 studies) and pollination services (17 studies) in adjacent crops in North America, Europe and New Zealand. Flower strips, but not hedgerows, enhanced pest control services in adjacent fields by 16% on average. However, effects on crop pollination and yield were more variable. Our synthesis identifies several important drivers of variability in effectiveness of plantings: pollination services declined exponentially with distance from plantings, and perennial and older flower strips with higher flowering plant diversity enhanced pollination more effectively. These findings provide promising pathways to optimize floral plantings to more effectively contribute to ecosystem service delivery and ecological intensification of agriculture in the future., Floral plantings are promoted to foster ecological intensification of agriculture through provisioning of ecosystem services. However, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of different floral plantings, their characteristics and consequences for crop yield is lacking. Here we quantified the impacts of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control (18 studies) and pollination services (17 studies) in adjacent crops in North America, Europe and New Zealand. Flower strips, but not hedgerows, enhanced pest control services in adjacent fields by 16% on average. However, effects on crop pollination and yield were more variable. Our synthesis identifies several important drivers of variability in effectiveness of plantings: pollination services declined exponentially with distance from plantings, and perennial and older flower strips with higher flowering plant diversity enhanced pollination more effectively. These findings provide promising pathways to optimize floral plantings to more effectively contribute to ecosystem service delivery and ecological intensification of agriculture in the future.
Published: 2021

158. Opportunities to enhance pollinator biodiversity in solar parks

Author: Blaydes, Hollie, Potts, Simon G., Whyatt, Duncan, Armstrong, Alona, Blaydes, Hollie, Potts, Simon G., Whyatt, Duncan, and Armstrong, Alona
Abstract: Renewable power capacity is increasing globally in response to energy decarbonisation, with solar photovoltaic (PV) projected to be the dominant renewable. A significant proportion of solar PV is deployed as ground-mounted solar parks with potential implications for the hosting ecosystem. Given their relatively rapid introduction, the impacts on land use and the local environment are poorly understood. However, if deployed and managed strategically, solar parks could offer unique opportunities to enhance the local environment and benefit biodiversity, with implications for ecosystem components such as pollinators. With a focus on north-west Europe, we systematically review the available evidence on how land management practices relevant to solar parks can enhance pollinator biodiversity. We assessed 185 articles for the quantity and agreement of evidence for 27 management interventions and assigned a confidence score to each finding. We show that a range of interventions applied to solar parks could increase their ability to enhance pollinator biodiversity. We then use our assessment to synthesise ten evidence-based recommendations on how to improve solar park management for pollinators by providing foraging and reproductive resources, undergoing considered management practices, increasing landscape heterogeneity and connectivity and providing microclimatic variation. Ensuring beneficial management of rapidly growing solar parks contributes to their wider environmental sustainability, with positive implications for both pollinator conservation and the energy sector in general.
Published: 2021

159. Opportunities to reduce pollination deficits and address production shortfalls in an important insect-pollinated crop

Author: Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (The Netherlands), Scottish Government, Georgian National Science Foundation, Hungarian Scientific Research Fund, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Swedish Research Council, German Research Foundation, Garratt, M.P.D., Groot, G. Arjen de, Albrecht, Matthias, Bosch, Jaime, Breeze, T., Fountain, Michelle T., Klein, Alexandra‐Maria, McKerchar, Megan, Park, Mia, Paxton, Robert J., Potts, Simon G., Pufal, Gesine, Rader, Romina, Senepathi, Deepa, Andersson, Georg K.S., Bernauer, Olivia M., Blitzer, Eleanor J., Boreux, V., Campbell, Alistair J., Carvell, Claire, Földesi, Rita, García, Daniel, Garibaldi, Lucas A., Hambäck, P. A., Kirkitadze, Giorgi, Kovács-Hostyánszki, Aniko, Martins, Kyle T., Miñarro, Marcos, O'Connor, Rory S., Radzeviciute, Rita, Roquer-Beni, Laura, Samnegård, U., Scott, Lorraine, Vereecken, N.J., Wäckers, Félix L., Webber, Sean M., Japoshvili, George, Zhusupbaeva, Aigul, Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (The Netherlands), Scottish Government, Georgian National Science Foundation, Hungarian Scientific Research Fund, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Swedish Research Council, German Research Foundation, Garratt, M.P.D., Groot, G. Arjen de, Albrecht, Matthias, Bosch, Jaime, Breeze, T., Fountain, Michelle T., Klein, Alexandra‐Maria, McKerchar, Megan, Park, Mia, Paxton, Robert J., Potts, Simon G., Pufal, Gesine, Rader, Romina, Senepathi, Deepa, Andersson, Georg K.S., Bernauer, Olivia M., Blitzer, Eleanor J., Boreux, V., Campbell, Alistair J., Carvell, Claire, Földesi, Rita, García, Daniel, Garibaldi, Lucas A., Hambäck, P. A., Kirkitadze, Giorgi, Kovács-Hostyánszki, Aniko, Martins, Kyle T., Miñarro, Marcos, O'Connor, Rory S., Radzeviciute, Rita, Roquer-Beni, Laura, Samnegård, U., Scott, Lorraine, Vereecken, N.J., Wäckers, Félix L., Webber, Sean M., Japoshvili, George, and Zhusupbaeva, Aigul
Abstract: Pollinators face multiple pressures and there is evidence of populations in decline. As demand for insect-pollinated crops increases, crop production is threatened by shortfalls in pollination services. Understanding the extent of current yield deficits due to pollination and identifying opportunities to protect or improve crop yield and quality through pollination management is therefore of international importance. To explore the extent of “pollination deficits,” where maximum yield is not being achieved due to insufficient pollination, we used an extensive dataset on a globally important crop, apples. We quantified how these deficits vary between orchards and countries and we compared “pollinator dependence” across different apple varieties. We found evidence of pollination deficits and, in some cases, risks of overpollination were even apparent for which fruit quality could be reduced by too much pollination. In almost all regions studied we found some orchards performing significantly better than others in terms of avoiding a pollination deficit and crop yield shortfalls due to suboptimal pollination. This represents an opportunity to improve production through better pollinator and crop management. Our findings also demonstrated that pollinator dependence varies considerably between apple varieties in terms of fruit number and fruit quality. We propose that assessments of pollination service and deficits in crops can be used to quantify supply and demand for pollinators and help to target local management to address deficits although crop variety has a strong influence on the role of pollinators.
Published: 2021

160. Using ecological and field survey data to establish a national list of the wild bee pollinators of crops

Author: German Federal Environmental Foundation, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (The Netherlands), Hungarian Scientific Research Fund, German Research Foundation, Hutchinson, Louise A., Oliver, Tom H., Breeze, T., Bailes, Emily J., Brünjes, Lisa, Campbell, Alistair J., Erhardt, Andreas, Groot, Arjen G. de, Földesi, Rita, García, Daniel, Goulson, Dave, Hainaut, Hélène, Hambäck, P. A., Holzschuh, Andrea, Jauker, F., Klatt, Björn K., Klein, Alexandra‐Maria, Kleijn, David, Kovács-Hostyánszki, Aniko, Krimmer, Elena, McKerchar, Megan, Miñarro, Marcos, Phillips, Benjamin B., Potts, Simon G., Pufal, Gesine, Radzeviciute, Rita, Roberts, Stuart P. M., Samnegård, U., Schulze, Jürg, Shaw, R.F., Tscharntke, Teja, Vereecken, N.J., Westbury, D. B., Westphal, C., Wietzke, Alexander, Woodcock, Ben A., Garratt, M.P.D., German Federal Environmental Foundation, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (The Netherlands), Hungarian Scientific Research Fund, German Research Foundation, Hutchinson, Louise A., Oliver, Tom H., Breeze, T., Bailes, Emily J., Brünjes, Lisa, Campbell, Alistair J., Erhardt, Andreas, Groot, Arjen G. de, Földesi, Rita, García, Daniel, Goulson, Dave, Hainaut, Hélène, Hambäck, P. A., Holzschuh, Andrea, Jauker, F., Klatt, Björn K., Klein, Alexandra‐Maria, Kleijn, David, Kovács-Hostyánszki, Aniko, Krimmer, Elena, McKerchar, Megan, Miñarro, Marcos, Phillips, Benjamin B., Potts, Simon G., Pufal, Gesine, Radzeviciute, Rita, Roberts, Stuart P. M., Samnegård, U., Schulze, Jürg, Shaw, R.F., Tscharntke, Teja, Vereecken, N.J., Westbury, D. B., Westphal, C., Wietzke, Alexander, Woodcock, Ben A., and Garratt, M.P.D.
Abstract: The importance of wild bees for crop pollination is well established, but less is known about which species contribute to service delivery to inform agricultural management, monitoring and conservation. Using sites in Great Britain as a case study, we use a novel qualitative approach combining ecological information and field survey data to establish a national list of crop pollinating bees for four economically important crops (apple, field bean, oilseed rape and strawberry). A traits data base was used to establish potential pollinators, and combined with field data to identify both dominant crop flower visiting bee species and other species that could be important crop pollinators, but which are not presently sampled in large numbers on crops flowers. Whilst we found evidence that a small number of common, generalist species make a disproportionate contribution to flower visits, many more species were identified as potential pollinators, including rare and specialist species. Furthermore, we found evidence of substantial variation in the bee communities of different crops. Establishing a national list of crop pollinators is important for practitioners and policy makers, allowing targeted management approaches for improved ecosystem services, conservation and species monitoring. Data can be used to make recommendations about how pollinator diversity could be promoted in agricultural landscapes. Our results suggest agri-environment schemes need to support a higher diversity of species than at present, notably of solitary bees. Management would also benefit from targeting specific species to enhance crop pollination services to particular crops. Whilst our study is focused upon Great Britain, our methodology can easily be applied to other countries, crops and groups of pollinating insects.
Published: 2021

161. Evaluating competition for forage plants between honey bees and wild bees in Denmark

Author: Rasmussen, Claus, Dupont, Yoko L., Madsen, Henning Bang, Bogusch, Petr, Goulson, Dave, Herbertsson, Lina, Maia, Kate Pereira, Nielsen, Anders, Olesen, Jens M., Potts, Simon G., Roberts, Stuart P. M., Kjær Sydenham, Markus Arne, Kryger, Per, Rasmussen, Claus, Dupont, Yoko L., Madsen, Henning Bang, Bogusch, Petr, Goulson, Dave, Herbertsson, Lina, Maia, Kate Pereira, Nielsen, Anders, Olesen, Jens M., Potts, Simon G., Roberts, Stuart P. M., Kjær Sydenham, Markus Arne, and Kryger, Per
Abstract: A recurrent concern in nature conservation is the potential competition for forage plants between wild bees and managed honey bees. Specifically, that the highly sophisticated system of recruitment and large perennial colonies of honey bees quickly exhaust forage resources leading to the local extirpation of wild bees. However, different species of bees show different preferences for forage plants. We here summarize known forage plants for honey bees and wild bee species at national scale in Denmark. Our focus is on floral resources shared by honey bees and wild bees, with an emphasis on both threatened wild bee species and foraging specialist species. Across all 292 known bee species from Denmark, a total of 410 plant genera were recorded as forage plants. These included 294 plant genera visited by honey bees and 292 plant genera visited by different species of wild bees. Honey bees and wild bees share 176 plant genera in Denmark. Comparing the pairwise niche overlap for individual bee species, no significant relationship was found between their overlap and forage specialization or conservation status. Network analysis of the bee-plant interactions placed honey bees aside from most other bee species, specifically the module containing the honey bee had fewer links to any other modules, while the remaining modules were more highly inter-connected. Despite the lack of predictive relationship from the pairwise niche overlap, data for individual species could be summarized. Consequently, we have identified a set of operational parameters that, based on a high foraging overlap (>70%) and unfavorable conservation status (Vulnerable+Endangered+Critically Endangered), can guide both conservation actions and land management decisions in proximity to known or suspected populations of these species.
Published: 2021

162. Evaluating predictive performance of statistical models explaining wild bee abundance in a mass-flowering crop

Author: Blasi, Maria, Bartomeus, Ignasi, Bommarco, Riccardo, Gagic, Vesna, Garrat, Michael, Holzschuh, Andrea, Kleijn, David, Lindström, Sandra A. M., Olsson, Peter, Polce, Chiara, Potts, Simon G., Rundlöf, Maj, Scheper, Jeroen, Smith, Henrik G., Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Clough, Yann, Blasi, Maria, Bartomeus, Ignasi, Bommarco, Riccardo, Gagic, Vesna, Garrat, Michael, Holzschuh, Andrea, Kleijn, David, Lindström, Sandra A. M., Olsson, Peter, Polce, Chiara, Potts, Simon G., Rundlöf, Maj, Scheper, Jeroen, Smith, Henrik G., Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, and Clough, Yann
Abstract: Wild bee populations are threatened by current agricultural practices in many parts of the world, which may put pollination services and crop yields at risk. Loss of pollination services can potentially be predicted by models that link bee abundances with landscape-scale land-use, but there is little knowledge on the degree to which these statistical models are transferable across time and space. This study assesses the transferability of models for wild bee abundance in a mass-flowering crop across space (from one region to another) and across time (from one year to another). The models used existing data on bumblebee and solitary bee abundance in winter oilseed rape fields, together with high-resolution land-use crop-cover and semi-natural habitats data, from studies conducted in five different regions located in four countries (Sweden, Germany, Netherlands and the UK), in three different years (2011, 2012, 2013). We developed a hierarchical model combining all studies and evaluated the transferability using cross-validation. We found that both the landscape-scale cover of mass-flowering crops and permanent semi-natural habitats, including grasslands and forests, are important drivers of wild bee abundance in all regions. However, while the negative effect of increasing mass-flowering crops on the density of the pollinators is consistent between studies, the direction of the effect of semi-natural habitat is variable between studies. The transferability of these statistical models is limited, especially across regions, but also across time. Our study demonstrates the limits of using statistical models in conjunction with widely available land-use crop-cover classes for extrapolating pollinator density across years and regions, likely in part because input variables such as cover of semi-natural habitats poorly capture variability in pollinator resources between regions and years.
Published: 2021

163. Bees increase seed set of wild plants while the proportion of arable land has a variable effect on pollination in European agricultural landscapes

Author: European Commission, Office of Science, Technology and Higher Education (Switzerland), Ministry of Education and Research (Estonia), Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine (Ireland), Irish Research Council, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary), Mount Allison University, Herbertsson, L., Ekroos, J., Albrecht, Matthias, Bartomeus, Ignasi, Batáry, Péter, Bommarco, Riccardo, Caplat, Paul, Diekötter, Tim, Eikestam, Jenny M., Entling, Martin H., Farbu, Sunniva, Farwig, Nina, González-Varo, Juan P., Hass, Annika L., Holzschuh, Andrea, Hopfenmüller, Sebastian, Jakobsson, Anna, Jauker, Birgit, Kovács-Hostyánszki, Aniko, Kleve, Wera, Kunin, William E., Lindström, Sandra A. M., Mullen, Sarah, Öckinger, Erik, Petanidou, Theodora, Potts, Simon G., Power, Eileen F., Rundlöf, Maj, Seibel, Kathrin, Söderman, Annika, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Stout, Jane C., Teder, Tiit, Tscharntke, Teja, Smith, Henrick G., European Commission, Office of Science, Technology and Higher Education (Switzerland), Ministry of Education and Research (Estonia), Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine (Ireland), Irish Research Council, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary), Mount Allison University, Herbertsson, L., Ekroos, J., Albrecht, Matthias, Bartomeus, Ignasi, Batáry, Péter, Bommarco, Riccardo, Caplat, Paul, Diekötter, Tim, Eikestam, Jenny M., Entling, Martin H., Farbu, Sunniva, Farwig, Nina, González-Varo, Juan P., Hass, Annika L., Holzschuh, Andrea, Hopfenmüller, Sebastian, Jakobsson, Anna, Jauker, Birgit, Kovács-Hostyánszki, Aniko, Kleve, Wera, Kunin, William E., Lindström, Sandra A. M., Mullen, Sarah, Öckinger, Erik, Petanidou, Theodora, Potts, Simon G., Power, Eileen F., Rundlöf, Maj, Seibel, Kathrin, Söderman, Annika, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Stout, Jane C., Teder, Tiit, Tscharntke, Teja, and Smith, Henrick G.
Abstract: Background and aims – Agricultural intensification and loss of farmland heterogeneity have contributed to population declines of wild bees and other pollinators, which may have caused subsequent declines in insect-pollinated wild plants. Material and methods – Using data from 37 studies on 22 pollinator-dependent wild plant species across Europe, we investigated whether flower visitation and seed set of insect-pollinated plants decline with an increasing proportion of arable land within 1 km. Key results – Seed set increased with increasing flower visitation by bees, most of which were wild bees, but not with increasing flower visitation by other insects. Increasing proportion of arable land had a strongly variable effect on seed set and flower visitation by bees across studies. Conclusion – Factors such as landscape configuration, local habitat quality, and temporally changing resource availability (e.g. due to mass-flowering crops or honey bee hives) could have modified the effect of arable land on pollination. While our results highlight that the persistence of wild bees is crucial to maintain plant diversity, we also show that pollen limitation due to declining bee populations in homogenized agricultural landscapes is not a universal driver causing parallel losses of bees and insect-pollinated plants.
Published: 2021

164. Data from: Evaluating predictive performance of statistical models explaining wild bee abundance in a mass-flowering crop

Author: Blasi Romero, Maria, Bartomeus, Ignasi, Bommarco, Riccardo, Gagic, Vesna, Garratt, Michael, Holzschuh, Andrea, Kleijn, David, Lindström, Sandra A.M., Olsson, Peter, Polce, Chiara, Potts, Simon G., Rundlöf, Maj, Scheper, Jeroen, Smith, Henrik G., Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Clough, Yann, Blasi Romero, Maria, Bartomeus, Ignasi, Bommarco, Riccardo, Gagic, Vesna, Garratt, Michael, Holzschuh, Andrea, Kleijn, David, Lindström, Sandra A.M., Olsson, Peter, Polce, Chiara, Potts, Simon G., Rundlöf, Maj, Scheper, Jeroen, Smith, Henrik G., Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, and Clough, Yann
Abstract: Wild bee populations are threatened by current agricultural practices in many parts of the world, which may put pollination services and crop yields at risk. Loss of pollination services can potentially be predicted by models that link bee abundances with landscape-scale land-use, but there is little knowledge on the degree to which these statistical models are transferable across time and space. This study assesses the transferability of models for wild bee abundance in a mass-flowering crop across space (from one region to another) and across time (from one year to another). The models used existing data on bumblebee and solitary bee abundance in winter oilseed rape fields, together with high-resolution land-use crop-cover and semi-natural habitats data, from studies conducted in five different regions located in four countries (Sweden, Germany, Netherlands, and the UK), in three different years (2011, 2012, 2013). We developed a hierarchical model combining all studies and evaluated the transferability using cross-validation. We found that both the landscape-scale cover of mass-flowering crops and permanent semi-natural habitats, including grasslands and forests, are important drivers of wild bee abundance in all regions. However, while the negative effect of increasing mass-flowering crops on the density of the pollinators is consistent between studies, the direction of the effect of semi-natural habitat is variable between studies. The transferability of these statistical models is limited, especially across regions, but also across time. Our study demonstrates the limits of using statistical models in conjunction with widely available land-use crop-cover classes for extrapolating pollinator density across years and regions, likely in part because input variables such as cover of semi-natural habitats poorly capture variability in pollinator resources between regions and years.
Published: 2021

165. Assessing bee species richness in two Mediterranean communities: importance of habitat type and sampling techniques

Author: Nielsen, Anders, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Westphal, Catrin, Messinger, Olivia, Potts, Simon G., Roberts, Stuart P. M., Settele, Josef, Szentgyörgyi, Hajnalka, Vaissière, Bernard E., Vaitis, Michalis, Woyciechowski, Michal, Bazos, Ioannis, Biesmeijer, Jacobus C., Bommarco, Riccardo, Kunin, William E., Tscheulin, Thomas, Lamborn, Ellen, and Petanidou, Theodora
Published: 2011
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166. New tools to boost butterfly habitat quality in existing grass buffer strips

Author: Blake, Robin J., Woodcock, Ben A., Westbury, Duncan B., Sutton, Peter, and Potts, Simon G.
Published: 2011
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167. Effects of seed mixture and management on beetle assemblages of arable field margins

Author: Woodcock, Ben A., Westbury, Duncan B., Tscheulin, Thomas, Harrison-Cripps, Jenifer, Harris, Stephanie J., Ramsey, Alex J., Brown, Valerie K., and Potts, Simon G.
Published: 2008
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168. A novel method for assessing risks to pollinators from plant protection products using honeybees as a model species

Author: Barmaz, Stefania, Potts, Simon G., and Vighi, Marco
Published: 2010
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169. Towards an assessment of multiple ecosystem processes and services via functional traits

Author: de Bello, Francesco, Lavorel, Sandra, Díaz, Sandra, Harrington, Richard, Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., Bardgett, Richard D., Berg, Matty P., Cipriotti, Pablo, Feld, Christian K., Hering, Daniel, Martins da Silva, Pedro, Potts, Simon G., Sandin, Leonard, Sousa, Jose Paulo, Storkey, Jonathan, Wardle, David A., and Harrison, Paula A.
Published: 2010
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170. Conservation ecology of bees: populations, species and communities

Author: Murray, Tomás E., Kuhlmann, Michael, and Potts, Simon G.
Published: 2009
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171. Determining the role of climate change in India's past forest loss.

Author: Haughan, Alice E., Pettorelli, Nathalie, Potts, Simon G., and Senapathi, Deepa
Subjects: CLIMATE change, FOREST microclimatology, TROPICAL forests, SPATIAL variation, SOUND recordings, SEASONS
Abstract: Tropical forests in India have declined at an alarming rate over the past century, with extensive literature focusing on the high contributions of agricultural expansions to deforestation, while the effects of climate change have largely been overlooked. Climate change effects, such as increasing temperatures, drought and flooding, have already occurred, and are projected to worsen. Climate velocity, a metric that accounts for spatial heterogeneity in climate, can help identify contiguous areas under greater climate stress and potential climate refuges in addition to traditional temporal trends. Here, we examined the relative contribution of climate changes to forest loss in India during the period 2001-2018, at two spatial (regional and national) and two temporal (seasonal and annual) scales. This includes, for the first time, a characterization of climate velocity in the country. Our findings show that annual forest loss increased substantially over the 17-year period examined (2001-2018), with the majority of forest loss occurring in the Northeast region. Decreases in temporal trends of temperature and precipitation were most associated with forest losses, but there was large spatial and seasonal variation in the relationship. In every region except the Northeast, forest losses were correlated with faster velocities of at least one climate variable but overlapping areas of high velocities were rare. Our findings indicate that climate changes have played an important role in India's past forest loss, but likely remain secondary to other factors at present. We stress concern for climates velocities recorded in the country, reaching 97 km year-1, and highlight that understanding the different regional and seasonal relationships between climatic conditions and forest distributions will be key to effective protection of the country's remaining forests as climate change accelerates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
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172. Evaluating competition for forage plants between honey bees and wild bees in Denmark

Author: Rasmussen, Claus, primary, Dupont, Yoko L., additional, Madsen, Henning Bang, additional, Bogusch, Petr, additional, Goulson, Dave, additional, Herbertsson, Lina, additional, Maia, Kate Pereira, additional, Nielsen, Anders, additional, Olesen, Jens M., additional, Potts, Simon G., additional, Roberts, Stuart P. M., additional, Sydenham, Markus Arne Kjær, additional, and Kryger, Per, additional
Published: 2021
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173. Wild insect diversity increases inter-annual stability in global crop pollinator communities

Author: Senapathi, Deepa, primary, Fründ, Jochen, additional, Albrecht, Matthias, additional, Garratt, Michael P. D., additional, Kleijn, David, additional, Pickles, Brian J., additional, Potts, Simon G., additional, An, Jiandong, additional, Andersson, Georg K. S., additional, Bänsch, Svenja, additional, Basu, Parthiba, additional, Benjamin, Faye, additional, Bezerra, Antonio Diego M., additional, Bhattacharya, Ritam, additional, Biesmeijer, Jacobus C., additional, Blaauw, Brett, additional, Blitzer, Eleanor J., additional, Brittain, Claire A., additional, Carvalheiro, Luísa G., additional, Cariveau, Daniel P., additional, Chakraborty, Pushan, additional, Chatterjee, Arnob, additional, Chatterjee, Soumik, additional, Cusser, Sarah, additional, Danforth, Bryan N., additional, Degani, Erika, additional, Freitas, Breno M., additional, Garibaldi, Lucas A., additional, Geslin, Benoit, additional, de Groot, G. Arjen, additional, Harrison, Tina, additional, Howlett, Brad, additional, Isaacs, Rufus, additional, Jha, Shalene, additional, Klatt, Björn Kristian, additional, Krewenka, Kristin, additional, Leigh, Samuel, additional, Lindström, Sandra A. M., additional, Mandelik, Yael, additional, McKerchar, Megan, additional, Park, Mia, additional, Pisanty, Gideon, additional, Rader, Romina, additional, Reemer, Menno, additional, Rundlöf, Maj, additional, Smith, Barbara, additional, Smith, Henrik G., additional, Silva, Patrícia Nunes, additional, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, additional, Tscharntke, Teja, additional, Webber, Sean, additional, Westbury, Duncan B., additional, Westphal, Catrin, additional, Wickens, Jennifer B., additional, Wickens, Victoria J., additional, Winfree, Rachael, additional, Zhang, Hong, additional, and Klein, Alexandra-Maria, additional
Published: 2021
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174. EU Pollinator Monitoring Scheme

Author: Potts, Simon G, Dauber, Jens, Hochkirch, Axel, Oteman, Bas, Roy, David, Ahnre, Karin, Biesmeijer, Jacobus C, Breeze, Tom D., Carvell, Claire, Ferreira, Catarina C., Fitzpatrick, Úna, Isaac, Nick John Bendall, Kuussaari, Mikko, Ljubomirov, Toshko, Maes, Joachim, H.T. Ngo, Adara Pardo, Polce, Chiara, Quaranta, Marino, Settele, Josef, Sorg, Martin, Constanti Stefanescu, and Vujic, Ante
Published: 2020
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175. Chapter six - transformation of agricultural landscapes in the Anthropocene: nature's contributions to people, agriculture and food security

Author: Vanbergen, Adam J., Aizen, Marcelo A., Cordeau, Stephane, Garibaldi, Lucas A., Garratt, Michael P. D., Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, Lecuyer, Lou, Ngo, Hien T., Potts, Simon G., Settele, Josef, Skrimizea, Eirini, Young, Juliette C., Bohan, David A., and Vanbergen, Adam J.
Abstract: Multiple anthropogenic challenges threaten nature's contributions to human well-being. Agricultural expansion and conventional intensification are degrading biodiversity and ecosystem functions, thereby undermining the natural foundations on which agriculture is itself built. Averting the worst effects of global environmental change and assuring ecosystem benefits, requires a transformation of agriculture. Alternative agricultural systems to conventional intensification exist, ranging from adjustments to efficiency (e.g. sustainable intensification) to a redesign (e.g. ecological intensification, climate-smart agriculture) of the farm management system. These alternatives vary in their reliance on nature or technology, the level of systemic change required to operate, and impacts on biodiversity, landscapes and agricultural production. Different socio-economic, ecological and political settings mean there is no universal solution, instead there are a suite of interoperable practices that can be adapted to different contexts to maximise efficiency, sustainability and resilience. Social, economic, technological and demographic issues will influence the form of sustainable agriculture and effects on landscapes and biodiversity. These include: (1) the socio-technical-ecological architecture of agricultural and food systems and trends such as urbanisation in affecting the mode of production, diets, lifestyles and attitudes; (2) emerging technologies, such as gene editing, synthetic biology and 3D bioprinting of meat; and (3) the scale or state of the existing farm system, especially pertinent for smallholder agriculture. Agricultural transformation will require multifunctional landscape planning with cross-sectoral and participatory management to avoid unintended consequences and ultimately depends on people's capacity to accept new ways of operating in response to the current environmental crisis.
Published: 2020

176. The effectiveness of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control, pollination services and crop yield:a quantitative synthesis

Author: Albrecht, Matthias, Kleijn, David, Williams, Neal M., Tschumi, Matthias, Blaauw, Brett R., Bommarco, Riccardo, Campbell, Alistair J., Dainese, Matteo, Drummond, Francis A., Entling, Martin H., Ganser, Dominik, Arjen de Groot, G., Goulson, Dave, Grab, Heather, Hamilton, Hannah, Herzog, Felix, Isaacs, Rufus, Jacot, Katja, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jonsson, Mattias, Knop, Eva, Kremen, Claire, Landis, Douglas A., Loeb, Gregory M., Marini, Lorenzo, McKerchar, Megan, Morandin, Lora, Pfister, Sonja C., Potts, Simon G., Rundlöf, Maj, Sardiñas, Hillary, Sciligo, Amber, Thies, Carsten, Tscharntke, Teja, Venturini, Eric, Veromann, Eve, Vollhardt, Ines M.G., Wäckers, Felix, Ward, Kimiora, Wilby, Andrew, Woltz, Megan, Wratten, Steve, Sutter, Louis, Albrecht, Matthias, Kleijn, David, Williams, Neal M., Tschumi, Matthias, Blaauw, Brett R., Bommarco, Riccardo, Campbell, Alistair J., Dainese, Matteo, Drummond, Francis A., Entling, Martin H., Ganser, Dominik, Arjen de Groot, G., Goulson, Dave, Grab, Heather, Hamilton, Hannah, Herzog, Felix, Isaacs, Rufus, Jacot, Katja, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jonsson, Mattias, Knop, Eva, Kremen, Claire, Landis, Douglas A., Loeb, Gregory M., Marini, Lorenzo, McKerchar, Megan, Morandin, Lora, Pfister, Sonja C., Potts, Simon G., Rundlöf, Maj, Sardiñas, Hillary, Sciligo, Amber, Thies, Carsten, Tscharntke, Teja, Venturini, Eric, Veromann, Eve, Vollhardt, Ines M.G., Wäckers, Felix, Ward, Kimiora, Wilby, Andrew, Woltz, Megan, Wratten, Steve, and Sutter, Louis
Abstract: Floral plantings are promoted to foster ecological intensification of agriculture through provisioning of ecosystem services. However, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of different floral plantings, their characteristics and consequences for crop yield is lacking. Here we quantified the impacts of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control (18 studies) and pollination services (17 studies) in adjacent crops in North America, Europe and New Zealand. Flower strips, but not hedgerows, enhanced pest control services in adjacent fields by 16% on average. However, effects on crop pollination and yield were more variable. Our synthesis identifies several important drivers of variability in effectiveness of plantings: pollination services declined exponentially with distance from plantings, and perennial and older flower strips with higher flowering plant diversity enhanced pollination more effectively. These findings provide promising pathways to optimise floral plantings to more effectively contribute to ecosystem service delivery and ecological intensification of agriculture in the future.
Published: 2020

177. Transformation of agricultural landscapes in the Anthropocene: nature's contributions to people, agriculture and food security

Author: Vanbergen, Adam J., Aizen, Marcelo A., Cordeau, Stephane, Garibaldi, Lucas A., Garratt, Michael P.D., Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, Lecuyer, Lou, Ngo, Hien T., Potts, Simon G., Settele, Josef, Skrimizea, Eirini, Young, Juliette C., Vanbergen, Adam J., Aizen, Marcelo A., Cordeau, Stephane, Garibaldi, Lucas A., Garratt, Michael P.D., Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, Lecuyer, Lou, Ngo, Hien T., Potts, Simon G., Settele, Josef, Skrimizea, Eirini, and Young, Juliette C.
Abstract: Multiple anthropogenic challenges threaten nature's contributions to human well-being. Agricultural expansion and conventional intensification are degrading biodiversity and ecosystem functions, thereby undermining the natural foundations on which agriculture is itself built. Averting the worst effects of global environmental change and assuring ecosystem benefits, requires a transformation of agriculture. Alternative agricultural systems to conventional intensification exist, ranging from adjustments to efficiency (e.g. sustainable intensification) to a redesign (e.g. ecological intensification, climate-smart agriculture) of the farm management system. These alternatives vary in their reliance on nature or technology, the level of systemic change required to operate, and impacts on biodiversity, landscapes and agricultural production. Different socio-economic, ecological and political settings mean there is no universal solution, instead there are a suite of interoperable practices that can be adapted to different contexts to maximise efficiency, sustainability and resilience. Social, economic, technological and demographic issues will influence the form of sustainable agriculture and effects on landscapes and biodiversity. These include: (1) the socio-technical-ecological architecture of agricultural and food systems and trends such as urbanisation in affecting the mode of production, diets, lifestyles and attitudes; (2) emerging technologies, such as gene editing, synthetic biology and 3D bioprinting of meat; and (3) the scale or state of the existing farm system, especially pertinent for smallholder agriculture. Agricultural transformation will require multifunctional landscape planning with cross-sectoral and participatory management to avoid unintended consequences and ultimately depends on people's capacity to accept new ways of operating in response to the current environmental crisis.
Published: 2020

178. International scientists formulate a roadmap for insect conservation and recovery: Correspondence

Author: Harvey, Jeffrey A, Heinen, Robin, Armbrecht, Inge, Basset, Yves, Baxter-Gilbert, James H, Bezemer, T Martijn, Böhm, Monika, Bommarco, Riccardo, Borges, Paulo A V, Cardoso, Pedro, Clausnitzer, Viola, Cornelisse, Tara, Crone, Elizabeth E, Dicke, Marcel, Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B, Dyer, Lee, Ellers, Jacintha, Fartmann, Thomas, Forister, Mathew L, Furlong, Michael J, Garcia-Aguayo, Andres, Gerlach, Justin, Gols, Rieta, Goulson, Dave, Habel, Jan-Christian, Haddad, Nick M, Hallmann, Caspar A, Henriques, Sérgio, Herberstein, Marie E, Hochkirch, Axel, Hughes, Alice C, Jepsen, Sarina, Jones, T Hefin, Kaydan, Bora M, Kleijn, David, Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Latty, Tanya, Leather, Simon R, Lewis, Sara M, Lister, Bradford C, Losey, John E, Lowe, Elizabeth C, Macadam, Craig R, Montoya-Lerma, James, Nagano, Christopher D, Ogan, Sophie, Orr, Michael C, Painting, Christina J, Pham, Thai-Hong, Potts, Simon G, Rauf, Aunu, Roslin, Tomas L, Samways, Michael J, Sanchez-Bayo, Francisco, Sar, Sim A, Schultz, Cheryl B, Soares, António O, Thancharoen, Anchana, Tscharntke, Teja, Tylianakis, Jason M, Umbers, Kate D L, Vet, Louise E M, Visser, Marcel E, Vujic, Ante, Wagner, David L, WallisDeVries, Michiel F, Westphal, Catrin, White, Thomas E, Wilkins, Vicky L, Williams, Paul H, Wyckhuys, Kris A G, Zhu, Zeng-Rong, de Kroon, Hans, Harvey, Jeffrey A, Heinen, Robin, Armbrecht, Inge, Basset, Yves, Baxter-Gilbert, James H, Bezemer, T Martijn, Böhm, Monika, Bommarco, Riccardo, Borges, Paulo A V, Cardoso, Pedro, Clausnitzer, Viola, Cornelisse, Tara, Crone, Elizabeth E, Dicke, Marcel, Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B, Dyer, Lee, Ellers, Jacintha, Fartmann, Thomas, Forister, Mathew L, Furlong, Michael J, Garcia-Aguayo, Andres, Gerlach, Justin, Gols, Rieta, Goulson, Dave, Habel, Jan-Christian, Haddad, Nick M, Hallmann, Caspar A, Henriques, Sérgio, Herberstein, Marie E, Hochkirch, Axel, Hughes, Alice C, Jepsen, Sarina, Jones, T Hefin, Kaydan, Bora M, Kleijn, David, Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Latty, Tanya, Leather, Simon R, Lewis, Sara M, Lister, Bradford C, Losey, John E, Lowe, Elizabeth C, Macadam, Craig R, Montoya-Lerma, James, Nagano, Christopher D, Ogan, Sophie, Orr, Michael C, Painting, Christina J, Pham, Thai-Hong, Potts, Simon G, Rauf, Aunu, Roslin, Tomas L, Samways, Michael J, Sanchez-Bayo, Francisco, Sar, Sim A, Schultz, Cheryl B, Soares, António O, Thancharoen, Anchana, Tscharntke, Teja, Tylianakis, Jason M, Umbers, Kate D L, Vet, Louise E M, Visser, Marcel E, Vujic, Ante, Wagner, David L, WallisDeVries, Michiel F, Westphal, Catrin, White, Thomas E, Wilkins, Vicky L, Williams, Paul H, Wyckhuys, Kris A G, Zhu, Zeng-Rong, and de Kroon, Hans
Published: 2020

179. Reliably Predicting Pollinator Abundance:Challenges of Calibrating Process-Based Ecological Models

Author: Gardner, Emma, Breeze, Tom D., Clough, Yann, Smith, Henrik G., Baldock, Katherine C.R., Campbell, Alistair, Garratt, Mike, Gillespie, Mark A.K., Kunin, William E., McKerchar, Megan, Memmott, Jane, Potts, Simon G., Senapathi, Deepa, Stone, Graham, Wackers, Felix, Westbury, Duncan B., Wilby, Andy, Oliver, Tom H., Gardner, Emma, Breeze, Tom D., Clough, Yann, Smith, Henrik G., Baldock, Katherine C.R., Campbell, Alistair, Garratt, Mike, Gillespie, Mark A.K., Kunin, William E., McKerchar, Megan, Memmott, Jane, Potts, Simon G., Senapathi, Deepa, Stone, Graham, Wackers, Felix, Westbury, Duncan B., Wilby, Andy, and Oliver, Tom H.
Abstract: 1. Pollination is a key ecosystem service for global agriculture but evidence of pollinator population declines is growing. Reliable spatial modelling of pollinator abundance is essential if we are to identify areas at risk of pollination service deficit and effectively target resources to support pollinator populations. Many models exist which predict pollinator abundance but few have been calibrated against observational data from multiple habitats to ensure their predictions are accurate. 2. We selected the most advanced process‐based pollinator abundance model available and calibrated it for bumblebees and solitary bees using survey data collected at 239 sites across Great Britain. We compared three versions of the model: one parameterised using estimates based on expert opinion, one where the parameters are calibrated using a purely data‐driven approach and one where we allow the expert opinion estimates to inform the calibration process. 3. All three model versions showed significant agreement with the survey data, demonstrating this model's potential to reliably map pollinator abundance. However, there were significant differences between the nesting/floral attractiveness scores obtained by the two calibration methods and from the original expert opinion scores. 4. Our results highlight a key universal challenge of calibrating spatially explicit, process‐based ecological models. Notably, the desire to reliably represent complex ecological processes in finely mapped landscapes necessarily generates a large number of parameters, which are challenging to calibrate with ecological and geographical data that are often noisy, biased, asynchronous and sometimes inaccurate. Purely data‐driven calibration can therefore result in unrealistic parameter values, despite appearing to improve model‐data agreement over initial expert opinion estimates. We therefore advocate a combined approach where data‐driven calibration and expert opinion are integrated into an iterative
Published: 2020

180. International scientists formulate a roadmap for insect conservation and recovery

Author: Harvey, Jeffrey A, Heinen, Robin, Armbrecht, Inge, Basset, Yves, Baxter-Gilbert, James H, Bezemer, T Martijn, Böhm, Monika, Bommarco, Riccardo, Borges, Paulo A V, Cardoso, Pedro, Clausnitzer, Viola, Cornelisse, Tara, Crone, Elizabeth E, Dicke, Marcel, Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B, Dyer, Lee, Ellers, Jacintha, Fartmann, Thomas, Forister, Mathew L, Furlong, Michael J, Garcia-Aguayo, Andres, Gerlach, Justin, Gols, Rieta, Goulson, Dave, Habel, Jan-Christian, Haddad, Nick M, Hallmann, Caspar A, Henriques, Sérgio, Herberstein, Marie E, Hochkirch, Axel, Hughes, Alice C, Jepsen, Sarina, Jones, T Hefin, Kaydan, Bora M, Kleijn, David, Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Latty, Tanya, Leather, Simon R, Lewis, Sara M, Lister, Bradford C, Losey, John E, Lowe, Elizabeth C, Macadam, Craig R, Montoya-Lerma, James, Nagano, Christopher D, Ogan, Sophie, Orr, Michael C, Painting, Christina J, Pham, Thai-Hong, Potts, Simon G, Rauf, Aunu, Roslin, Tomas L, Samways, Michael J, Sanchez-Bayo, Francisco, Sar, Sim A, Schultz, Cheryl B, Soares, António O, Thancharoen, Anchana, Tscharntke, Teja, Tylianakis, Jason M, Umbers, Kate D L, Vet, Louise E M, Visser, Marcel E, Vujic, Ante, Wagner, David L, WallisDeVries, Michiel F, Westphal, Catrin, White, Thomas E, Wilkins, Vicky L, Williams, Paul H, Wyckhuys, Kris A G, Zhu, Zeng-Rong, de Kroon, Hans, Harvey, Jeffrey A, Heinen, Robin, Armbrecht, Inge, Basset, Yves, Baxter-Gilbert, James H, Bezemer, T Martijn, Böhm, Monika, Bommarco, Riccardo, Borges, Paulo A V, Cardoso, Pedro, Clausnitzer, Viola, Cornelisse, Tara, Crone, Elizabeth E, Dicke, Marcel, Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B, Dyer, Lee, Ellers, Jacintha, Fartmann, Thomas, Forister, Mathew L, Furlong, Michael J, Garcia-Aguayo, Andres, Gerlach, Justin, Gols, Rieta, Goulson, Dave, Habel, Jan-Christian, Haddad, Nick M, Hallmann, Caspar A, Henriques, Sérgio, Herberstein, Marie E, Hochkirch, Axel, Hughes, Alice C, Jepsen, Sarina, Jones, T Hefin, Kaydan, Bora M, Kleijn, David, Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Latty, Tanya, Leather, Simon R, Lewis, Sara M, Lister, Bradford C, Losey, John E, Lowe, Elizabeth C, Macadam, Craig R, Montoya-Lerma, James, Nagano, Christopher D, Ogan, Sophie, Orr, Michael C, Painting, Christina J, Pham, Thai-Hong, Potts, Simon G, Rauf, Aunu, Roslin, Tomas L, Samways, Michael J, Sanchez-Bayo, Francisco, Sar, Sim A, Schultz, Cheryl B, Soares, António O, Thancharoen, Anchana, Tscharntke, Teja, Tylianakis, Jason M, Umbers, Kate D L, Vet, Louise E M, Visser, Marcel E, Vujic, Ante, Wagner, David L, WallisDeVries, Michiel F, Westphal, Catrin, White, Thomas E, Wilkins, Vicky L, Williams, Paul H, Wyckhuys, Kris A G, Zhu, Zeng-Rong, and de Kroon, Hans
Published: 2020

181. International scientists formulate a roadmap for insect conservation and recovery

Author: Harvey, Jeffrey A., Heinen, Robin, Armbrecht, Inge, Basset, Yves, Baxter-Gilbert, James H., Bezemer, T. Martijn, Böhm, Monika, Bommarco, Riccardo, Borges, Paulo A.V., Cardoso, Pedro, Clausnitzer, Viola, Cornelisse, Tara, Crone, Elizabeth E., Dicke, Marcel, Dijkstra, Klaas Douwe B., Dyer, Lee, Ellers, Jacintha, Fartmann, Thomas, Forister, Mathew L., Furlong, Michael J., Garcia-Aguayo, Andres, Gerlach, Justin, Gols, Rieta, Goulson, Dave, Habel, Jan Christian, Haddad, Nick M., Hallmann, Caspar A., Henriques, Sérgio, Herberstein, Marie E., Hochkirch, Axel, Hughes, Alice C., Jepsen, Sarina, Jones, T. Hefin, Kaydan, Bora M., Kleijn, David, Klein, Alexandra Maria, Latty, Tanya, Leather, Simon R., Lewis, Sara M., Lister, Bradford C., Losey, John E., Lowe, Elizabeth C., Macadam, Craig R., Montoya-Lerma, James, Nagano, Christopher D., Ogan, Sophie, Orr, Michael C., Painting, Christina J., Pham, Thai Hong, Potts, Simon G., Rauf, Aunu, Roslin, Tomas L., Samways, Michael J., Sanchez-Bayo, Francisco, Sar, Sim A., Schultz, Cheryl B., Soares, António O., Thancharoen, Anchana, Tscharntke, Teja, Tylianakis, Jason M., Umbers, Kate D.L., Vet, Louise E.M., Visser, Marcel E., Vujic, Ante, Wagner, David L., WallisDeVries, Michiel F., Westphal, Catrin, White, Thomas E., Wilkins, Vicky L., Williams, Paul H., Wyckhuys, Kris A.G., Zhu, Zeng Rong, de Kroon, Hans, Harvey, Jeffrey A., Heinen, Robin, Armbrecht, Inge, Basset, Yves, Baxter-Gilbert, James H., Bezemer, T. Martijn, Böhm, Monika, Bommarco, Riccardo, Borges, Paulo A.V., Cardoso, Pedro, Clausnitzer, Viola, Cornelisse, Tara, Crone, Elizabeth E., Dicke, Marcel, Dijkstra, Klaas Douwe B., Dyer, Lee, Ellers, Jacintha, Fartmann, Thomas, Forister, Mathew L., Furlong, Michael J., Garcia-Aguayo, Andres, Gerlach, Justin, Gols, Rieta, Goulson, Dave, Habel, Jan Christian, Haddad, Nick M., Hallmann, Caspar A., Henriques, Sérgio, Herberstein, Marie E., Hochkirch, Axel, Hughes, Alice C., Jepsen, Sarina, Jones, T. Hefin, Kaydan, Bora M., Kleijn, David, Klein, Alexandra Maria, Latty, Tanya, Leather, Simon R., Lewis, Sara M., Lister, Bradford C., Losey, John E., Lowe, Elizabeth C., Macadam, Craig R., Montoya-Lerma, James, Nagano, Christopher D., Ogan, Sophie, Orr, Michael C., Painting, Christina J., Pham, Thai Hong, Potts, Simon G., Rauf, Aunu, Roslin, Tomas L., Samways, Michael J., Sanchez-Bayo, Francisco, Sar, Sim A., Schultz, Cheryl B., Soares, António O., Thancharoen, Anchana, Tscharntke, Teja, Tylianakis, Jason M., Umbers, Kate D.L., Vet, Louise E.M., Visser, Marcel E., Vujic, Ante, Wagner, David L., WallisDeVries, Michiel F., Westphal, Catrin, White, Thomas E., Wilkins, Vicky L., Williams, Paul H., Wyckhuys, Kris A.G., Zhu, Zeng Rong, and de Kroon, Hans
Published: 2020
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182. The effectiveness of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control, pollination services and crop yield: a quantitative synthesis

Author: Albrecht, Matthias, Kleijn, David, Williams, Neal M., Tschumi, Matthias, Blaauw, Brett R., Bommarco, Riccardo, Campbell, Alistair J., Dainese, Matteo, Drummond, Francis A., Entling, Martin H., Ganser, Dominik, de Groot, Arjen, Goulson, Dave, Grab, Heather, Hamilton, Hannah, Herzog, Felix, Isaacs, Rufus, Jacot, Katja, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jonsson, Mattias, Knop, Eva, Kremen, Claire, Landis, Douglas A., Loeb, Gregory M., Marini, Lorenzo, McKerchar, Megan, Morandin, Lora, Pfister, Sonja C., Potts, Simon G., Rundlöf, Maj, Sardiñas, Hillary, Sciligo, Amber, Thies, Carsten, Tscharntke, Teja, Venturini, Eric, Veromann, Eve, Vollhardt, Ines M.G., Wäckers, Felix, Ward, Kimiora, Wilby, Andrew, Woltz, Megan, Wratten, Steve, Sutter, Louis, Albrecht, Matthias, Kleijn, David, Williams, Neal M., Tschumi, Matthias, Blaauw, Brett R., Bommarco, Riccardo, Campbell, Alistair J., Dainese, Matteo, Drummond, Francis A., Entling, Martin H., Ganser, Dominik, de Groot, Arjen, Goulson, Dave, Grab, Heather, Hamilton, Hannah, Herzog, Felix, Isaacs, Rufus, Jacot, Katja, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jonsson, Mattias, Knop, Eva, Kremen, Claire, Landis, Douglas A., Loeb, Gregory M., Marini, Lorenzo, McKerchar, Megan, Morandin, Lora, Pfister, Sonja C., Potts, Simon G., Rundlöf, Maj, Sardiñas, Hillary, Sciligo, Amber, Thies, Carsten, Tscharntke, Teja, Venturini, Eric, Veromann, Eve, Vollhardt, Ines M.G., Wäckers, Felix, Ward, Kimiora, Wilby, Andrew, Woltz, Megan, Wratten, Steve, and Sutter, Louis
Abstract: Floral plantings are promoted to foster ecological intensification of agriculture through provisioning of ecosystem services. However, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of different floral plantings, their characteristics and consequences for crop yield is lacking. Here we quantified the impacts of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control (18 studies) and pollination services (17 studies) in adjacent crops in North America, Europe and New Zealand. Flower strips, but not hedgerows, enhanced pest control services in adjacent fields by 16% on average. However, effects on crop pollination and yield were more variable. Our synthesis identifies several important drivers of variability in effectiveness of plantings: pollination services declined exponentially with distance from plantings, and perennial and older flower strips with higher flowering plant diversity enhanced pollination more effectively. These findings provide promising pathways to optimize floral plantings to more effectively contribute to ecosystem service delivery and ecological intensification of agriculture in the future., Floral plantings are promoted to foster ecological intensification of agriculture through provisioning of ecosystem services. However, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of different floral plantings, their characteristics and consequences for crop yield is lacking. Here we quantified the impacts of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control (18 studies) and pollination services (17 studies) in adjacent crops in North America, Europe and New Zealand. Flower strips, but not hedgerows, enhanced pest control services in adjacent fields by 16% on average. However, effects on crop pollination and yield were more variable. Our synthesis identifies several important drivers of variability in effectiveness of plantings: pollination services declined exponentially with distance from plantings, and perennial and older flower strips with higher flowering plant diversity enhanced pollination more effectively. These findings provide promising pathways to optimize floral plantings to more effectively contribute to ecosystem service delivery and ecological intensification of agriculture in the future.
Published: 2020

183. A critical analysis of the potential for EU Common Agricultural Policy measures to support wild pollinators on farmland

Author: Cole, Lorna J., Kleijn, David, Dicks, Lynn V., Stout, Jane C., Potts, Simon G., Albrecht, Matthias, Balzan, Mario V., Bartomeus, Ignasi, Bebeli, Penelope J., Bevk, Danilo, Biesmeijer, Jacobus C., Chlebo, Róbert, Dautartė, Anželika, Emmanouil, Nikolaos, Hartfield, Chris, Holland, John M., Holzschuh, Andrea, Knoben, Nieke T.J., Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, Mandelik, Yael, Panou, Heleni, Paxton, Robert J., Petanidou, Theodora, Pinheiro de Carvalho, Miguel A.A., Rundlöf, Maj, Sarthou, Jean Pierre, Stavrinides, Menelaos C., Suso, Maria Jose, Szentgyörgyi, Hajnalka, Vaissière, Bernard E., Varnava, Androulla, Vilà, Montserrat, Zemeckis, Romualdas, Scheper, Jeroen, Cole, Lorna J., Kleijn, David, Dicks, Lynn V., Stout, Jane C., Potts, Simon G., Albrecht, Matthias, Balzan, Mario V., Bartomeus, Ignasi, Bebeli, Penelope J., Bevk, Danilo, Biesmeijer, Jacobus C., Chlebo, Róbert, Dautartė, Anželika, Emmanouil, Nikolaos, Hartfield, Chris, Holland, John M., Holzschuh, Andrea, Knoben, Nieke T.J., Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, Mandelik, Yael, Panou, Heleni, Paxton, Robert J., Petanidou, Theodora, Pinheiro de Carvalho, Miguel A.A., Rundlöf, Maj, Sarthou, Jean Pierre, Stavrinides, Menelaos C., Suso, Maria Jose, Szentgyörgyi, Hajnalka, Vaissière, Bernard E., Varnava, Androulla, Vilà, Montserrat, Zemeckis, Romualdas, and Scheper, Jeroen
Abstract: Agricultural intensification and associated loss of high-quality habitats are key drivers of insect pollinator declines. With the aim of decreasing the environmental impact of agriculture, the 2014 EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) defined a set of habitat and landscape features (Ecological Focus Areas: EFAs) farmers could select from as a requirement to receive basic farm payments. To inform the post-2020 CAP, we performed a European-scale evaluation to determine how different EFA options vary in their potential to support insect pollinators under standard and pollinator-friendly management, as well as the extent of farmer uptake. A structured Delphi elicitation process engaged 22 experts from 18 European countries to evaluate EFAs options. By considering life cycle requirements of key pollinating taxa (i.e. bumble bees, solitary bees and hoverflies), each option was evaluated for its potential to provide forage, bee nesting sites and hoverfly larval resources. EFA options varied substantially in the resources they were perceived to provide and their effectiveness varied geographically and temporally. For example, field margins provide relatively good forage throughout the season in Southern and Eastern Europe but lacked early-season forage in Northern and Western Europe. Under standard management, no single EFA option achieved high scores across resource categories and a scarcity of late season forage was perceived. Experts identified substantial opportunities to improve habitat quality by adopting pollinator-friendly management. Improving management alone was, however, unlikely to ensure that all pollinator resource requirements were met. Our analyses suggest that a combination of poor management, differences in the inherent pollinator habitat quality and uptake bias towards catch crops and nitrogen-fixing crops severely limit the potential of EFAs to support pollinators in European agricultural landscapes. Policy Implications. To conserve pollinators and help
Published: 2020

184. Safeguarding pollinators and their values to human well-being

Author: Potts, Simon G., Imperatriz-Fonseca, Vera, Ngo, Hien T., Aizen, Marcelo A., Biesmeijer, Jacobus C., Breeze, Thomas D., Dicks, Lynn V., Garibaldi, Lucas A., Hill, Rosemary, Settele, Josef, and Vanbergen, Adam J.
Subjects: Biodiversity -- Observations, Human-environment interactions, Pollination -- Environmental aspects, Environmental management -- Forecasts and trends, Market trend/market analysis, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract: Wild and managed pollinators provide a wide range of benefits to society in terms of contributions to food security, farmer and beekeeper livelihoods, social and cultural values, as well as the maintenance of wider biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Pollinators face numerous threats, including changes in land-use and management intensity, climate change, pesticides and genetically modified crops, pollinator management and pathogens, and invasive alien species. There are well-documented declines in some wild and managed pollinators in several regions of the world. However, many effective policy and management responses can be implemented to safeguard pollinators and sustain pollination services., Author(s): Simon G. Potts (corresponding author) [1]; Vera Imperatriz-Fonseca [2]; Hien T. Ngo [3]; Marcelo A. Aizen [4]; Jacobus C. Biesmeijer [5, 6]; Thomas D. Breeze [1]; Lynn V. Dicks [...]
Published: 2016
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185. Convergent evolution: floral guides, stingless bee nest entrances, and insectivorous pitchers

Author: Biesmeijer, Jacobus C., Giurfa, Martin, Koedam, Dirk, Potts, Simon G., Joel, Daniel M., and Dafni, Amots
Published: 2005
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186. Quantifying nectar production by flowering plants in urban and rural landscapes

Author: Tew, Nicholas E., primary, Memmott, Jane, additional, Vaughan, Ian P., additional, Bird, Stephanie, additional, Stone, Graham N., additional, Potts, Simon G., additional, and Baldock, Katherine C. R., additional
Published: 2021
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187. The role of insect pollinators in avocado production: A global review

Author: Dymond, Keira, primary, Celis‐Diez, Juan L., additional, Potts, Simon G., additional, Howlett, Brad G., additional, Willcox, Bryony K., additional, and Garratt, Michael P. D., additional
Published: 2021
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188. Evaluating predictive performance of statistical models explaining wild bee abundance in a mass‐flowering crop

Author: Blasi, Maria, primary, Bartomeus, Ignasi, additional, Bommarco, Riccardo, additional, Gagic, Vesna, additional, Garratt, Michael, additional, Holzschuh, Andrea, additional, Kleijn, David, additional, Lindström, Sandra A. M., additional, Olsson, Peter, additional, Polce, Chiara, additional, Potts, Simon G., additional, Rundlöf, Maj, additional, Scheper, Jeroen, additional, Smith, Henrik G., additional, Steffan‐Dewenter, Ingolf, additional, and Clough, Yann, additional
Published: 2021
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189. A global horizon scan of the future impacts of robotics and autonomous systems on urban ecosystems

Author: Goddard, Mark A., primary, Davies, Zoe G., additional, Guenat, Solène, additional, Ferguson, Mark J., additional, Fisher, Jessica C., additional, Akanni, Adeniran, additional, Ahjokoski, Teija, additional, Anderson, Pippin M. L., additional, Angeoletto, Fabio, additional, Antoniou, Constantinos, additional, Bates, Adam J., additional, Barkwith, Andrew, additional, Berland, Adam, additional, Bouch, Christopher J., additional, Rega-Brodsky, Christine C., additional, Byrne, Loren B., additional, Cameron, David, additional, Canavan, Rory, additional, Chapman, Tim, additional, Connop, Stuart, additional, Crossland, Steve, additional, Dade, Marie C., additional, Dawson, David A., additional, Dobbs, Cynnamon, additional, Downs, Colleen T., additional, Ellis, Erle C., additional, Escobedo, Francisco J., additional, Gobster, Paul, additional, Gulsrud, Natalie Marie, additional, Guneralp, Burak, additional, Hahs, Amy K., additional, Hale, James D., additional, Hassall, Christopher, additional, Hedblom, Marcus, additional, Hochuli, Dieter F., additional, Inkinen, Tommi, additional, Ioja, Ioan-Cristian, additional, Kendal, Dave, additional, Knowland, Tom, additional, Kowarik, Ingo, additional, Langdale, Simon J., additional, Lerman, Susannah B., additional, MacGregor-Fors, Ian, additional, Manning, Peter, additional, Massini, Peter, additional, McLean, Stacey, additional, Mkwambisi, David D., additional, Ossola, Alessandro, additional, Luque, Gabriel Pérez, additional, Pérez-Urrestarazu, Luis, additional, Perini, Katia, additional, Perry, Gad, additional, Pett, Tristan J., additional, Plummer, Kate E., additional, Radji, Raoufou A., additional, Roll, Uri, additional, Potts, Simon G., additional, Rumble, Heather, additional, Sadler, Jon P., additional, de Saille, Stevienna, additional, Sautter, Sebastian, additional, Scott, Catherine E., additional, Shwartz, Assaf, additional, Smith, Tracy, additional, Snep, Robbert P. H., additional, Soulsbury, Carl D., additional, Stanley, Margaret C., additional, Van de Voorde, Tim, additional, Venn, Stephen J., additional, Warren, Philip H., additional, Washbourne, Carla-Leanne, additional, Whitling, Mark, additional, Williams, Nicholas S. G., additional, Yang, Jun, additional, Yeshitela, Kumelachew, additional, Yocom, Ken P., additional, and Dallimer, Martin, additional
Published: 2021
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190. The Role of Flower Inclination, Depth, and Height in the Preferences of a Pollinating Beetle (Coleoptera: Glaphyridae)

Author: Dafni, Amots and Potts, Simon G.
Published: 2004
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191. Quantifying crop pollinator-dependence and pollination deficits: The effects of experimental scale on yield and quality assessments

Author: Webber, Sean M., primary, Garratt, Michael P.D., additional, Lukac, Martin, additional, Bailey, Alison P., additional, Huxley, Theresa, additional, and Potts, Simon G., additional
Published: 2020
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192. Comparison of pollinators and natural enemies: a meta-analysis of landscape and local effects on abundance and richness in crops

Author: Shackelford, Gorm, Steward, Peter R., Benton, Tim G., Kunin, William E., Potts, Simon G., Biesmeijer, Jacobus C., and Sait, Steven M.
Published: 2013
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193. Wild Pollinators Enhance Fruit Set of Crops Regardless of Honey Bee Abundance

Author: Garibaldi, Lucas A., Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Winfree, Rachael, Aizen, Marcelo A., Bommarco, Riccardo, Cunningham, Saul A., Kremen, Claire, Carvalheiro, Luísa G., Harder, Lawrence D., Afik, Ohad, Bartomeus, Ignasi, Benjamin, Faye, Boreux, Virginie, Cariveau, Daniel, Chacoff, Natacha P., Dudenhöffer, Jan H., Freitas, Breno M., Ghazoul, Jaboury, Greenleaf, Sarah, Hipólito, Juliana, Holzschuh, Andrea, Howlett, Brad, Isaacs, Rufus, Javorek, Steven K., Kennedy, Christina M., Krewenka, Kristin M., Krishnan, Smitha, Mandelik, Yael, Mayfield, Margaret M., Motzke, Iris, Munyuli, Theodore, Nault, Brian A., Otieno, Mark, Petersen, Jessica, Pisanty, Gideon, Potts, Simon G., Rader, Romina, Ricketts, Taylor H., Rundlöf, Maj, Seymour, Colleen L., Schüepp, Christof, Szentgyörgyi, Hajnalka, Taki, Hisatomo, Tscharntke, Teja, Vergara, Carlos H., Viana, Blandina F., Wanger, Thomas C., Westphal, Catrin, Williams, Neal, and Klein, Alexandra M.
Published: 2013
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194. Linking bees and flowers: how do floral communities structure pollinator communities?

Author: Potts, Simon G., Vulliamy, Betsy, Dafni, Amots, Ne'eman, Gidi, and Willmer, Pat
Subjects: Flowers -- Research, Bees -- Research, Biological sciences, Environmental issues
Abstract: Pollinators provide essential ecosystem services, and declines in some pollinator communities around the world have been reported. Understanding the fundamental components defining these communities is essential if conservation and restoration are to be successful. We examined the structure of plant--pollinator communities in a dynamic Mediterranean landscape, comprising a mosaic of post-fire regenerating habitats, and which is a recognized global hotspot for bee diversity. Each community was characterized by a highly skewed species abundance distribution, with a few dominant and many rare bee species, and was consistent with a log series model indicating that a few environmental factors govern the community. Floral community composition, the quantity and quality of forage resources present, and the geographic locality organized bee communities at various levels: (1) The overall structure of the bee community (116 species), as revealed through ordination, was dependent upon nectar resource diversity (defined as the variety of nectar volume-concentration combinations available), the ratio of pollen to nectar energy, floral diversity, floral abundance, and post-fire age. (2) Bee diversity, measured as species richness, was closely linked to floral diversity (especially of annuals), nectar resource diversity, and post-fire age of the habitat. (3) The abundance of the most common species was primarily related to post-fire age, grazing intensity, and nesting substrate availability. Ordination models based on age-characteristic post-fire floral community structure explained 39-50% of overall variation observed in bee community structure. Cluster analysis showed that all the communities shared a high degree of similarity in their species composition (27-59%); however, the geographical location of sites also contributed a smaller but significant component to bee community structure. We conclude that floral resources act in specific and previously unexplored ways to modulate the diversity of the local geographic species pool, with specific disturbance factors, superimposed upon these patterns, mainly affecting the dominant species. Key words: bee diversity; community structure; energy partitioning; fire; grazing; Mediterranean; nectar; nest substrate availability; pollen.
Published: 2003

195. Ecosystem Services and Food Production

Author: Norris, Ken, primary, Potts, Simon G., additional, and Mortimer, Simon R., additional
Published: 2010
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196. New tools to boost butterfly habitat quality in existing grass buffer strips

Author: Blake, Robin J., primary, Woodcock, Ben A., additional, Westbury, Duncan B., additional, Sutton, Peter, additional, and Potts, Simon G., additional
Published: 2010
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197. Pollinator monitoring more than pays for itself

Author: Breeze, Tom D., primary, Bailey, Alison P., additional, Balcombe, Kelvin G., additional, Brereton, Tom, additional, Comont, Richard, additional, Edwards, Mike, additional, Garratt, Michael P., additional, Harvey, Martin, additional, Hawes, Cathy, additional, Isaac, Nick, additional, Jitlal, Mark, additional, Jones, Catherine M., additional, Kunin, William E., additional, Lee, Paul, additional, Morris, Roger K. A., additional, Musgrove, Andy, additional, O'Connor, Rory S., additional, Peyton, Jodey, additional, Potts, Simon G., additional, Roberts, Stuart P. M., additional, Roy, David B., additional, Roy, Helen E., additional, Tang, Cuong Q., additional, Vanbergen, Adam J., additional, and Carvell, Claire, additional
Published: 2020
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198. Temperate agroforestry systems provide greater pollination service than monoculture

Author: Varah, Alexa, primary, Jones, Hannah, additional, Smith, Jo, additional, and Potts, Simon G., additional
Published: 2020
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199. Reliably predicting pollinator abundance: Challenges of calibrating process‐based ecological models

Author: Gardner, Emma, primary, Breeze, Tom D., additional, Clough, Yann, additional, Smith, Henrik G., additional, Baldock, Katherine C. R., additional, Campbell, Alistair, additional, Garratt, Michael P. D., additional, Gillespie, Mark A. K., additional, Kunin, William E., additional, McKerchar, Megan, additional, Memmott, Jane, additional, Potts, Simon G., additional, Senapathi, Deepa, additional, Stone, Graham N., additional, Wäckers, Felix, additional, Westbury, Duncan B., additional, Wilby, Andrew, additional, and Oliver, Tom H., additional
Published: 2020
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200. Enhancing legume crop pollination and natural pest regulation for improved food security in changing African landscapes

Author: Otieno, Mark, primary, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, additional, Potts, Simon G., additional, Kinuthia, Wanja, additional, Kasina, Muo John, additional, and Garratt, Michael P.D., additional
Published: 2020
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